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1.	Amin, Md. Nurul, et al. (författare) Evaluation of Late Blight (Phytophthora infestans L.) Tolerant Potato Varieties for Northern Bangladesh 2023 Ingår i: Gesunde Pflanzen. - : Springer. - 0367-4223 .- 1439-0345. ; 75:6, s. 2269-2279 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The precarious potato disease known as late blight (LB), which is brought on by Phytophthora infestans, quickly decimates crops and economically detriment growers. The pathogen prefers relatively cold temperatures and that usually prevails in northern Bangladesh. To decrease the number of fungicide sprays with the changing climate, it is necessary to identify potato varieties that are most resistant to late blight. This study aims to assess the growth and production performance of late blight-tolerant potato varieties in the northern part of Bangladesh. The field study was conducted in the crop-growing years of 2017-18 and 2018-19. In this study, three exotic potato varieties [(BARI Alu-90 (Alouette), BARI Alu-91 (Carolus), and BARI Alu-77 (Sarpomira)] and two check varieties [BARI Alu-8 (Cardinal) and BARI Alu-25 (Asterix)] were used. Compared with the two cultivated varieties BARI Alu-8 (Cardinal) and BARI Alu-25 (Asterix), the BARI Alu-90 (Alouette) with the highest level of late blight resistance based on AUDPC scoring (late blight estimated mean value of 5.9). The result showed that the majority of the evaluated variety BARI Alu-90 (Alouette) and BARI Alu-91 (Carolus) were highly resistant and BARI Alu-77 (Sarpomira) is moderately resistant. In contrast, the check varieties were susceptible to late blight. The yield and shelf life (or storage) quality of BARI Alu-90 (Alouette) was also good compared with the other varieties. Considering the yield, yield contributing characters, shelf-life data and disease resistance level BARI Alu-90 (Alouette) can be grown in northern Bangladesh without chemical protection.
2.	Aullón Alcaine, Anna, et al. (författare) Distribution and mobility of geogenic arsenic in the shallow aquifers of the northeast of La Pampa, Argentina 2012 Ingår i: Understanding the Geological and Medical Interface of Arsenic, As 2012 - 4th International Congress: Arsenic in the Environment. - 9780415637633 ; , s. 132-134 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Groundwater contamination with elevated Arsenic (As) and other toxic trace elements has been studied in the central part of the vast Chaco-Pampean Plain, in the city of Quemú Quemú, northeastern La Pampa, Argentina. The groundwater samples were mostly alkaline with pH ranging up to 9.18, oxidizing and characterized by high EC. The concentration of total As (5.58-535 μg/L) and fluoride (0.5-14.2 mg/L) in some samples exceeded the recommended WHO drinking water guideline and the Argentine national drinking water standard. Arsenic was positively correlated with bicarbonate (HCO 3 -), Boron (B), Fluoride (F) and Vanadium (V). Long-term consumption of the groundwater could pose a severe health threat for the local community.
3.	Greger, Maria, et al. (författare) Influence of silicon on arsenic uptake and toxicity in lettuce 2015 Ingår i: Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality / Angewandte Botanik. - : Druckerei und Verlag Liddy Halm. - 1613-9216 .- 1439-040X. ; 88, s. 234-240 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Lettuce grown in soil is found to contain high concentrations of arsenic (As). This paper investigates the uptake and speciation of As in lettuce as well as the influence of silicon (Si) on As uptake, since Si may decrease it. Lettuce plants were cultivated in nutrient solution containing arsenite or arsenate with or without silicate. The uptake and distribution of As between roots and shoots, As accu-mulation in cell walls, As speciation, and toxic effects on growth were analysed. Results indicate that arsenite was more toxic to lettuce than was arsenate. Silicate decreased arsenate toxicity but had little effect on arsenite toxicity. In contrast, Si decreased arsenite uptake more than arsenate uptake. The concentration of arsenate was higher than that of arsenite in the plants independent of the As species added. When arsenate was added, the As concentration in shoots was half of that in the roots and this distribution did not change with Si addition. When arsenite was added, approximately 10% of As was found in the shoots and 90% in the roots; this pattern changed in the presence of Si, and As became evenly distributed in the plant. In both roots and shoots, approximately 40% of the As was found in the cell wall fraction; when arsenite was added, the presence of Si increased this fraction to 47%, but only in the shoots. The extraction efficiency when analysing the As species was lower in shoots than in roots, especially in the presence of arsenite and Si. The opposite was found for As concentration in pellets after extraction. This indicated variation in the binding strength of arsenite and arsenate between roots and shoots and between Si-and non-Si-treated plants.
4.	Greger, Maria, 1956-, et al. (författare) Influence of silicon on arsenic uptake and toxicity in lettuce Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Lettuce grown in soil is found to contain high concentration of the toxic element arsenic (As). The aim was therefore to investigate uptake and speciation of As in lettuce as well as the influence of silicon (Si) on As uptake, since Si may diminish the As uptake. Plants were cultivated in nutrient solution containing arsenite or arsenate with or without silicate. Uptake and distribution of As between roots and shoots, As accumulation in cell walls, As speciation and toxic effect on biomass were analysed. Results show that arsenite was more toxic to lettuce than arsenate. Silicate decreased the toxicity to arsenate but very little of the arsenite toxicity was changed by Si. On the other hand, Si diminished the arsenite uptake more than the arsenate uptake. There was higher concentration of arsenate than of arsenite in the plant independent which As species added. When arsenate was added, the As concentration in shoot was half of that in the root and this distribution did not change with Si addition. When arsenite was added, about 10% of As was found in the shoots and 90% in the roots, but changed in the presence of Si to be evenly distributed in the plant. In both roots and shoot, about 40% of the As was found in the cell wall fraction, and only in the shoot when arsenite was added, Si increased this fraction to 47%. The extraction efficiency when analysing the As-species was lower in shoot than in roots, especially in the presence of arsenite and Si. The opposite was found for the As concentration in pellets after extraction. This pointed towards variations in the strength of binding of arsenite and arsenate between roots and shoots and between Si and non-Si treated plants.
5.	Islam, Monirul, et al. (författare) Heavy Metal and Drought Stress in Plants: The Role of Microbes : A Review 2023 Ingår i: Gesunde Pflanzen. - : Springer. - 0367-4223 .- 1439-0345. ; 75, s. 695-708 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Plants are composed of complex organisms that include morphological, physiological and biochemical segments. A number of environmental factors such as, heavy metals, drought, salinity, heat, and cold cause stress towards plants and impact on their growth and yield values. Heavy metal contamination and drought are considered to be two significant environmental (abiotic) factors that are receiving increased attention due their effects on plants. Many plant species from previously non-drought prone areas now face drought as a new stress factor and must develop their avoidance mechanisms. Comparing drought-related tolerance strategies, plants have developed a number of strategies to fight against heavy metal pollution due to its wide coverage. These heavy metal tolerance strategies include detoxification, compartmentalization, and storage in cell vacuoles in plants. Few similarities have been found in the mechanisms of both drought and heavy metal strategies. The use of beneficial microbes is considered as one of the most promising methods to improve stress tolerance because plant-associated microbes decrease metal accumulation while enhancing nutrient supply and water under such stress. In this review, we summarize how drought and heavy metals contamination effect on plant growth, with particular focus on stress avoidance and tolerance mechanisms, as well as, the role of microbes to enhance stress tolerance. Recommendations including irrigation, fertilization and molecular techniques to increase the plant’s tolerance mechanisms against heavy metal and drought conditions are also discussed.
6.	Ramos, Oswaldo E., et al. (författare) Bioaccessibility of arsenic and other selective trace elements in soils around the mining areas of Bolivian Altiplano 2013 Ingår i: 12th International Conference on the Biogeochemistry of Trace Elements (ICOBTE). ; , s. Abstract 0220 - 000167- Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The occurrence of trace elements (TEs) in the soils from sites of historic and present activities both open pit (extracted Au, Ag) and underground mines (Ag, Zn, Pb, Sn) mining in Bolivian Altiplano and their toxicity is one of the major environmental concerns. The aim of this study is to assess the levels of toxic trace elements such as As, Cd, Pb and Zn in the soil and their bioavailability in three sub-basins along selected transects. A combination of DTPA, and sequential extraction procedure was adapted for assessment the As content in different fraction in the soils. The results showed that TE´s were mobilized under low pH in upstream segment, thus could be considered an important factor controlling their chemical behavior in these soils. In the downstream segment of the three sub-basins, the TE enrichments were related to an increased proportion of clay contents through adsorption processes. The bioavailable fractions of the TE´s in soils indicated considerable variability for As (< 2%), Cd (<32%), Cu (<9%), Ni (<11%), Pb (<5%) and Zn (<10%). By using As sequential extraction procedure found that the less than 11% of the total As is easily mobilized in soils, they are associated to fraction related to nonspecifically (F1) and specifically sorbed (F2) fraction, which could predict a helpful tool for environmental risk assessment of these trace element contamination on Bolivian Altiplano. Enrichment factors (EF) in the soils were significantly high for As and Cd, moderate for Pb and Zn, and low for Cu, Fe, Mn and Ni contents of TE´s were high in all crops along the studied transects, and the distribution followed the trend Zn>Cu>Pb>As>Ni>Cd. The bio-concentration factor (BCF) for As, Pb and Zn were lower (< 0.5) in all crops which indicate a limited bioavailability of these TE´s, except Cd that showed high BCF values in the study area. The bioavailable TE’s might take up by the crops and finally threat human health as potential impacts.
7.	Sandanayake, Sandun, et al. (författare) Remediation of Vanadium in the Soil Environment 2022. - 1 Ingår i: Vanadium in Soils and Plants. - Boca Raton : CRC Press. - 9781003173274 Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract Vanadium (V) has been considered a potentially toxic element and has not gotten adequate attention compared to similar kinds of heavy metals in the soil. It acts as an essential element for its various uses in the industrial sectors, especially steel and chemical production. Due to natural and anthropogenic factors such as rock weathering, metal ore mining, fossil fuel combustion and agrochemical usage, the soil environment has become contaminated with V. Vanadium contamination has caused a great threat to the plants and animals well as to the humans. To minimize the hazard potential from V, several remediation methods have been investigated and practiced worldwide. This chapter includes the remediation techniques for V-contaminated soils by physical, chemical and biological approaches that can be identified in this regard. Chemical and physical treatments have a relatively faster process; however, they have drawbacks due to their expensiveness and durability. Compared to physico-chemical techniques, phytoremediation is an environmentally friendly economic management option, and so are the soil amendments. However, the phytoremediation process is a slow process, and the remediation success greatly depends on the plant species used in the management. Integrated techniques with microorganisms could enhance the efficiency and pace of phytoremediation management.
8.	Sandhi, Arifin, 1986-, et al. (författare) Arsenic concentrations in local aromatic and high-yielding hybrid rice cultivars and the potential health risk : A study in an arsenic hotspot 2017 Ingår i: Environmental Monitoring & Assessment. - : Springer Publishing Company. - 0167-6369 .- 1573-2959. ; 189:184 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The presence of high levels of arsenic (As) in rice fields has negative effects on the health ofthose consuming rice as their subsistence food. This study determined the variation in total Asconcentration in local aromatic rice (LAR) (kalijira) and two high yielding varieties (HYVs)(BRRI dhan 32 and BRRI dhan 28) grown in paddy fields in Matlab, Bangladesh, an As hotspot with elevated As levels in groundwater. Mature rice grain samples and soil samples were collected from different paddy fields and the As concentrations in both the de-husked grains and the husks of the three rice cultivars were analysed to identify the safest of the threecultivars for human consumption. The results showed that the total As concentration washigher (0.09-0.21 mg As kg-1) in the de-husked grains of LAR than in the husks, while theopposite was found for the HYV rice. Moreover, the As concentration in soil samples was 2-to 5-fold higher for the LAR than for the HYVs, but the As accumulation factor (AF) waslower in the LAR (0.2-0.4%) than in the HYVs (0.9-1%). Thus, LAR can be considered thesafest of the three cultivars for human consumption owing to its low AF value. Furthermore,due to the low AF, growing LAR instead of HYVs in soils with slightly elevated As levelscould help improve the food safety level in the food chain.
9.	Sandhi, Arifin, et al. (författare) Arsenic in irrigation water : a threat for rice cultivation? 2013 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Frequent cultivation of high yielding rice varieties (HYV) for increased food production are the key reasons for massive application of groundwater based irrigation in the rice fields of Bangladesh. Including the Asian continent, more than half of the world’s population chooses rice as their staple food and it is already considered as one of the major sources of inorganic arsenic (As) intake in the human body through food stuffs. The water logged rice cultivation method also has influence on As accumulation in rice grain. The study area Matlab located in southeastern Bangladesh, which is identified as a prominent As hotspot with incidences of high level of As in the groundwater. The objective of this study was to find out the influence of irrigation water quality and soil on the level of As in rice grain and more specifically identify the influence of iron (Fe), silicon (Si) and phosphorus (P) in the soil on the As uptake in the rice grain. A number of previous laboratory based studies has found, all three elements exert significant control on the biogeochemical interactions of As in soils and uptake in the plants.The aim of this study was to compare the level of As in rice grain and bran of different HYVs and local rice varieties, grown in this region and to compare the results with the levels of Fe, Si and P in the irrigated soils. The ICP-OES based analysis showed that the total As concentration (5.74-16.78 mg Askg-1) in the soil samples from the rice fields of the area (n=9) has exceeded the average global As concentration in the crust and soils. The concentration of Fe and Si in the soil was positively correlated with total As in the soil. The As analogue, P was positively correlated with As (R2=0.52) in the soil samples. The arsenic concentration in the irrigation water of that particular area was (> 200 μg As l -1) The AAS based analysis found that the total arsenic concentration ranged (0.017- 0.23 mg As kg-1) in the grain whereas [Asbran] was higher compared with the grains. High level of Fe present in the soil could play a significant role on the bioavailability of As due to its sorption onto the surface of the Fe-oxide colloids and roots of the rice plants. To address the As bioavailability in the rice grain, the level of As influencing elements in both grain and bran should be focused in further investigation.
10.	Sandhi, Arifin, et al. (författare) Arsenic in the water and agricultural crop production system : Bangladesh perspectives 2022 Ingår i: Environmental Science and Pollution Research. - : Springer. - 0944-1344 .- 1614-7499. ; 29, s. 51354-51366 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract The presence of high levels of carcinogenic metalloid arsenic (As) in the groundwater system of Bangladesh has been considered as one of the major environmental disasters in this region. Many parts of Bangladesh have extensively reported the presence of high levels of arsenic in the groundwater due to both geological and anthropogenic activities. In this paper, we reviewed the available literature and scientific information regarding arsenic pollution in Bangladesh, including arsenic chemistry and occurrences. Along with using As-rich groundwater as a drinking-water source, the agricultural activities and especially irrigation have greatly depended on the groundwater resources in this region due to high water demands for ensuring food security. A number of investigations in Bangladesh have shown that high arsenic content in both soil and groundwater may result in high levels of arsenic accumulation in different plants, including cereals and vegetables. This review provides information regarding arsenic accumulation in major rice varieties, soil-groundwater-rice arsenic interaction, and past arsenic policies and plans, as well as previously implemented arsenic mitigation options for both drinking and irrigation water systems in Bangladesh. In conclusion, this review highlights the importance and necessity for more in-depth studies as well as more effective arsenic mitigation action plans to reduce arsenic incorporation in the food chain of Bangladesh.
11.	Sandhi, Arifin, et al. (författare) Arsenic levels in soil, water, and rice in Southeastern region of Bangladesh 2010 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The presence of high level of arsenic (As) in soil and water is one of the most significant environmental disasters in the world and most affected countries are located in South Asia specifically in the Bengal Delta region. In Bangladesh the source of arsenic in soil is geogenic and dependence on well water for irrigation leads to an increase in the level of arsenic in food stuffs also. This study presents the preliminary overview of As level in soil, water and rice in the Matlab located southeastern region of Bangladesh. During this study, an evaluation of the irrigation water sources, soils and food stuffs are analyzed in the laboratory and questionnaire system for dietary survey has been followed. The level of arsenic in irrigation well water ranged from (6 – 513 µg/L As, n = 10) and correlated with their depth. In contrary compared to irrigation water high level of arsenic (1.85 - 5.02 mg/kg As, n =36) present in agricultural soil. Cultivation on contaminated sediment and application of arsenic contained water, expand arsenic pathway towards food chain. The amount of arsenic in rice significantly depends on the husk of rice grain, those collected from local fields, found (0.01 to 0.15 mg/kg As, n =20) and 0.02 mg/kg of As in with husk and without husk grain respectively. The analysis of As in soil, water and rice was done with help of hydride generation atomic absorption spectrophotometry and field As test kit. Based on the results of the questionnaire survey, inhabitants of Matlab area are exposed to 0.2 to 0.4 mg of As/day and 0.01 to 0.16 mg/kg As through drinking water and rice consumption respectively. It is important to note that the level of As intake through drinking water is higher than the exposure of As due to the consumption of food stuffs in Bangladesh. Llong term future research initiatives are needed for understanding the dynamics of As in the soil-water system and food chain of the community in As affected areas coupled with the execution of various mitigation strategies.
12.	Sandhi, Arifin, 1986- (författare) ARSENIC REMOVAL BY PHYTOFILTRATION AND SILICON TREATMENT : A POTENTIAL SOLUTION FOR LOWERING ARSENIC CONCENTRATIONS IN FOOD CROPS 2017 Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Use of arsenic-rich groundwater for crop irrigation can increase the arsenic (As) content in food crops and act as a carcinogen, compromising human health. Using aquatic plant based phytofiltration is a potential eco-technique for removing arsenic from water. The aquatic moss species Warnstorfia fluitans grows naturally in mining areas in northern Sweden, where high concentrations of arsenic occur in lakes and rivers. This species was selected as a model for field, climate chamber and greenhouse studies on factors governing arsenic removal and arsenic phytofiltration of irrigation water. The arsenic and silicon (Si) concentrations in soil, water and plant samples were measured by AAS (atomic absorption spectrophotometry), while arsenite and arsenate species were determined using AAS combined with high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with an anion exchange column. The arsenic content in grains of hybrid and local aromatic rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars with differing arsenic accumulation factor (AF) values was investigated in an arsenic hotspot in Bangladesh. The results showed that arsenic AF was important in identifying arsenic-safer rice cultivars for growing in an arsenic hotspot. The study based on silicon effect on arsenic uptake in lettuce showed that arsenic accumulation in lettuce (Lactuca sativa) could be reduced by silicon addition. The aquatic moss had good phytofiltration capacity, with fast arsenic removal of up to 82% from a medium with low arsenic concentration (1 µM). Extraction analysis showed that inorganic arsenic species were firmly bound inside moss tissue. Absorption of arsenic was relatively higher than adsorption in the moss. Regarding effects of different abiotic factors, plants were stressed at low pH (pH 2.5) and arsenic removal rate was lower from the medium, while arsenic efflux occurred in arsenate-treated medium at low (12°C) and high (30°C) temperature regimes. Besides these factors, low oxygenation increased the efficiency of arsenic removal from the medium. Finally, combining W. fluitans as a phytofilter with a lettuce crop on a constructed wetland significantly reduced the arsenic content in edible parts (leaves) of lettuce. Thus W. fluitans has great potential for use as an arsenic phytofilter in temperate regions.
13.	Sandhi, Arifin, 1986-, et al. (författare) Effect of pH, temperature, and oxygenation on arsenic phytofiltration by aquatic moss (Warnstorfia fluitans) 2018 Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 2213-3437. ; 6:4, s. 3918-3925 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Phytofiltration of arsenic (As)-contaminated water could reduce As in irrigation and surface water. In a previous study, we found that the aquatic moss Warnstorfia fluitans efficiently removes arsenic from water contaminated with arsenate and arsenite. This work investigates how factors such as pH, temperature, and oxygenation influence As removal, since these factors vary in the environment. Plants were grown in a medium with 5 or 10 μM arsenite or arsenate and: 1) a pH of 2.5, 6.5, or 9.5; 2) a temperature of 12, 20, or 30 °C; and 3) oxygenation of <2 or 13 mg O2 L−1. Removal of As was monitored over 48–96 h, and the content and speciation of As were analysed in moss plants at the termination of the experiments. Results indicate that As removal was faster in arsenite than arsenate solutions. Arsenic removal from arsenite solution was the fastest, i.e., 80–90% within 2 h, at pH 6.5 and 9.5 and at 20 and 30 °C. At pH 2.5, plants were stressed and the net removal was low throughout the treatment period. Arsenic removal was more efficient at low than high oxygenation levels. Besides this, no As net efflux process was seen in the water system except after 48 h in arsenate-treated medium in high-temperature (30 °C) regimes. Regardless of As species added, usually only arsenite was found in the plants after treatment. Most internal As, i.e., 95% in the arsenate and 85% in the arsenite treatments, was firmly bound to the tissue. The study found that at 20 °C, neutral pH, and low oxygenation, this aquatic moss has great potential for As phytofiltration.
14.	Sandhi, Arifin, et al. (författare) Growing Salix spp. on heavy metal contaminated sediment (Oskarshamn, Sweden) as a joint phytoremediation and circular economy approach 2023 Ingår i: Environmental Advances. - : Elsevier. - 2666-7657. ; 14 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The sediments of rivers or harbours have always been considered sinks for numerous heavy metals, pesticides, chemicals and contaminants of anthropogenic origin. The eco-friendly management of contaminated sediment have received attention due to their large-scale presence in harbour areas. Application of bioenergy crop species, such as Salix spp., have shown a strong potential for reducing heavy metals from the contaminated sediment. The aim of this study was to investigate the application of Salix spp. on contaminated dredged sediment and heavy metal accumulation and translocation patterns in different parts of plants. Two Salix cultivars (Wilhelm and Ester; commercially available in Sweden) were cultivated in contaminated sediment for 5 weeks in a field setting. Heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni and Zn) content in different plant parts (root, cutting, shoot and leaves) were analysed by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The result indicated that the root biomass production was negatively affected for both cultivars due to the contaminated sediment medium, even though no morphological symptoms were present. Both Cd and Cu net accumulation were found to be significantly higher in Ester cultivars. The low translocation of heavy metals in Salix spp. hints that accumulated heavy metals are stored in the root parts. Low translocation of heavy metals from contaminated sediments gives a strong potential for using a growth medium to utilize phosphorus (P) in the sediment from a circular economy and bioeconomy perspective.
15.	Sandhi, Arifin, et al. (författare) Mercury Toxicity : Plant Response and Tolerance 2023 Ingår i: Heavy Metal Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 9781119906469 - 9781119906483 - 9781119906506 - 9781119906476 ; , s. 349-372 Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract Heavy Metal Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants provides a comprehensive overview of the physiological, biochemical, and molecular basis of heavy metal tolerance and functional omics that allow for a deeper understanding of using heavy metal tolerance for deliberate manipulation of plants. Through the authors’ unique approach, the text enables researchers to develop strategies to enhance metal toxicity and deficiency tolerance as well as crop productivity under stressful conditions, in order to better utilize natural resources to ensure future food security.The text presents the basic knowledge of plant heavy metal/metalloid tolerance using modern approaches, including omics, nanotechnology, and genetic manipulation, and covers molecular breeding, genetic engineering, and approaches for high yield and quality under metal toxicity or deficiency stress conditions.With a collection of 26 chapters contributed by the leading experts in the fields surrounding heavy metal and metalloids toxicity and tolerance in crop plants, Heavy Metal Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants includes further information on:Advanced techniques in omics research in relation to heavy metals/metalloids toxicity and toleranceHeavy metals/metalloids in food crops and their implications for human healthMolecular mechanisms of heavy metals/metalloids toxicity and tolerance in plantsMolecular breeding approaches for reducing heavy metals load in the edible plant partsHormonal regulation of heavy metals toxicity and toleranceApplications of nanotechnology for improving heavy metals stress toleranceGenetic engineering for heavy metals/metalloids stress tolerance in plantsWith comprehensive coverage of the subject, Heavy Metal Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants is an essential reference for researchers working on developing plants tolerant to metals/metalloids stress and effective strategies for reducing the risk of health hazards.
16.	Sandhi, Arifin, et al. (författare) Moss based constructed wetland system : is it possible to use aquatic moss (warnstorfia fluitans) for removal of as in an eco-friendly approach? 2018 Ingår i: Book of Abstracts. - Kalmar, Växjö : Linnaeus university. - 9789188898289 ; , s. 17- Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The heavy metal and metalloid contaminated groundwater is considered as one of the major global environmental disasters that need sustainable solutions. One sustainable environment-friendly solution is using plant-based remediation, or phytoremediation. For contaminated water aquatic plant based phytofiltration could be applied. A Swedish aquatic moss species (Warnstorfia fluitans) have been discovered to accumulate high levels of As (arsenic) from the water. In a number of areas in Sweden, the As content in the groundwater is high due to mining activities and geochemical conditions. Our hypothesis was that since this moss species could accumulate As from contaminated water it would be possible to apply in constructed wetland system for removal of As from water. The aim of this study was to investigate the removal of As from the outlet water by using W. fluitans in constructed mesocosm type wetland systems with various water flow speeds under greenhouse conditions. Besides these, As content in the vegetables (lettuce, Latuca sativa) grown in this outlet water was also analysed. The total As concentration was analysed with hydride generated atomic absorption spectrophotometry (HG-AAS). Results showed that W. fluitans could reduce the As concentration in the water with 36 and 56% from initial As concentration at high (5 mL/min) and low (1.5 mL/min) water flow rate, respectively. The As concentration in the vegetables was also lower when low flow outlet has been applied as irrigation water. In conclusion, the result fits our hypothesis that aquatic moss could be used in the constructed wetland system to reduce As content in irrigation water and by that also in the irrigated vegetables.
17.	Sandhi, Arifin, et al. (författare) Municipal solid waste management in Scandinavia and key factors for improved waste segregation : A review 2024 Ingår i: Cleaner Waste Systems. - : Elsevier. - 2772-9125. ; 8 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The generation of solid waste, more specifically municipal solid waste (MSW), has been considered one of the major global environmental problems since urbanization started. Among Scandinavian states, Denmark and Norway have placed in the top positions (1 and 2 respectively) for high MSW production. Sweden has a steady plan for MSW management/treatments by practising material recycle, biological treatment and energy recovery. The aim of this review is to compare municipal waste generation between Sweden and the rest of Scandinavia. A systematic literature review was performed by screening academic and public articles to assess factors for better MSW management based on technological solutions. Key results include the importance of new tariffs and legislations, producer responsibilities for electronic products, municipality involvement, distribution of responsibilities, and infrastructure developments for better MSW management in Sweden. The application of modern technologies have also been considered for MSW management in Sweden. Societal participation (willingness, awareness and concern) in Sweden also plays a significant role in MSW management. A better packaging system, application of interactive visualization (gamification) in waste sorting, public awareness, and infrastructure development could significantly improve the waste sorting process and conversion of waste management from a linear economy towards a circular economy.
18.	Sandhi, Arifin, 1986-, et al. (författare) Phytofiltration of arsenic by aquatic moss (Warnstorfia fluitans) 2017 Ingår i: Environmental Pollution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0269-7491 .- 1873-6424. Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This work investigates whether aquatic moss (Warnstorfia fluitans) originating from an arsenic (As)-contaminated wetland close to a mine tailings impoundment may be used for phytofiltration of As. The aim was to elucidate the capacity of W. fluitans to remove As from arsenite and arsenate contaminated water, how nutrients affect the As uptake and the proportion of As adsorption and absorption by the moss plant, which consists of dead and living parts.Arsenic removal from 0, 1, or 10% Hoagland nutrient solution containing 0–100 μM arsenate was followed over 192 h, and the total As in aquatic moss after treatment was analysed. The uptake and speciation of As in moss cultivated in water containing 10 μM arsenate or arsenite were examined as As uptake in living (absorption + adsorption) and dead (adsorption) plant parts.Results indicated that W. fluitans removed up to 82% of As from the water within one hour when 1 μM arsenate was added in the absence of nutrients. The removal time increased with greater nutrient and As concentrations. Up to 100 μM As had no toxic effect on the plant biomass. Both arsenite and arsenate were removed from the solution to similar extents and, independent of the As species added, more arsenate than arsenite was found in the plant. Of the As taken up, over 90% was firmly bound to the tissue, a possible mechanism for resisting high As concentrations. Arsenic was both absorbed and adsorbed by the moss, and twice as much As was found in living parts as in dead moss tissue. This study revealed that W. fluitans has potential to serve as a phytofilter for removing As from As-contaminated water without displaying any toxic effects of the metalloid.
19.	Sandhi, Arifin, et al. (författare) Phytostablization of arsenic : Is it possible by growing Salix spp. in the contaminated sites? 2012 Ingår i: Understanding the Geological and Medical Interface of Arsenic, As 2012 - 4th International Congress: Arsenic in the Environment. - 9780415637633 ; , s. 328-329 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Presence of high level of Arsenic (As) in soil and groundwater is considered as one of the major global environmental problems. Using plant-based phytoremediation technology could be an eco-friendly, economic alternative for cleaning up the contaminated areas. The aim of this study was to screen the possibility of local grown Salix spp. for phytostablization of As in a mine area located in Pezinok, Slovakia. A hydroponic experiment with arsenate and arsenite treatment was performed in a controlled climate chamber. After measurement of total As concentration in different parts of Salix spp., it was found that major portion of As bound in its root part and As translocation rate was low. This study suggested it could be possible to use native Salix spp. for phytostabilization of As in the mining areas to decrease the availability of As without creating conflict with other organisms in the local ecosystem.
20.	Vithanage, M., et al. (författare) Arsenic uptake by plants and possible phytoremediation applications : A brief overview 2012 Ingår i: Environmental Chemistry Letters. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1610-3653 .- 1610-3661. ; 10:3, s. 217-224 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract This review focuses the behaviour of arsenic in plant-soil and plant-water systems, arsenic-plant cell interactions, phytoremediation, and biosorption. Arsenate and arsenite uptake by plants varies in different environment conditions. An eco-friendly and low-cost method for arsenic removal from soil-water system is phytoremediation, in which living plants are used to remove arsenic from the environment or to render it less toxic. Several factors such as soil redox conditions, arsenic speciation in soils, and the presence of phosphates play a major role. Translocation factor is the important feature for categorising plants for their remediation ability. Phytoremediation techniques often do not take into account the biosorption processes of living plants and plant litter. In biosorption techniques, contaminants can be removed by a biological substrate, as a sorbent, bacteria, fungi, algae, or vascular plants surfaces based on passive binding of arsenic or other contaminants on cell wall surfaces containing special active functional groups. Evaluation of the current literature suggests that understanding molecular level processes, and kinetic aspects in phytoremediation using advanced analytical techniques are essential for designing phytoremediation technologies with improved, predictable remedial success. Hence, more efforts are needed on addressing the molecular level behaviour of arsenic in plants, kinetics of uptake, and transfer of arsenic in plants with flowing waters, remobilisation through decay, possible methylation, and volatilisation.

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