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- Blomstedt, Patric, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of age, gender and severity of tremor on outcome after thalamic and subthalamic DBS for essential tremor
- 2011
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Ingår i: Parkinsonism & Related Disorders. - : Elsevier BV. - 1353-8020 .- 1873-5126. ; 17:8, s. 617-620
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established treatment for essential tremor (ET). The nucleus ventralis intermedius thalami (Vim) is the target of choice, but promising results have been presented regarding DBS in the posterior subthalamic area (PSA). The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible influence of gender, age and severity of disease on the outcome of these procedures. Sixty eight patients (34 Vim, 34 PSA) with ET were included in this non-randomised study. Evaluation using the Essential Tremor Rating Scale (ETRS) was performed before, and one year after surgery concerning PSA DBS, and at a mean of 28 ± 24 months concerning Vim DBS. Items 5/6 and 11-14 (hand tremor and hand function) were selected for analysis of tremor outcome. The efficacy of DBS on essential tremor was not related to age or gender. Nor was it associated with the severity of tremor when the percentual reduction of tremor on stimulation was taken into account. However, patients with a more severe tremor at baseline had a higher degree of residual tremor on stimulation. Tremor in the treated hand and hand function were improved with 70% in the Vim group and 89% in the PSA group.
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| 2. |
- Blomstedt, Patric, et al.
(författare)
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The posterior subthalamic area in the treatment of movement disorders : past, present, and future
- 2009
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Ingår i: Neurosurgery. - 0148-396X .- 1524-4040. ; 64:6, s. 1029-1038
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The introduction of thalamotomy in 1954 led naturally to exploration of the underlying subthalamic area, with the development of such procedures as campotomy and subthalamotomy in the posterior subthalamic area. The most popular of these procedures was the subthalamotomy, which was performed in thousands of patients for various movement disorders. Today, in the deep brain stimulation (DBS) era, subthalamic nucleus DBS is the treatment of choice for Parkinson's disease, whereas thalamic and pallidal DBS are mainly used for nonparkinsonian tremor and dystonia, respectively. The interest in DBS in the posterior subthalamic area has been quite limited, however, with a total of 95 patients presented in 14 articles. During recent years, interest has increased, and promising results have been published concerning both Parkinson's disease and nonparkinsonian tremor. We reviewed the literature to investigate the development of surgery in the posterior subthalamic area from the lesional era to the present.
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| 3. |
- Sandvik, Ulrika, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Quality of life following DBS in the caudal zona incerta in patients with essential tremor
- 2012
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Ingår i: Acta Neurochirurgica. - Wien : Springer. - 0001-6268 .- 0942-0940. ; 154:3, s. 495-499
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Essential tremor (ET) is the most common movement disorder and oftenaffects the quality of life. There are only a few studies evaluating the quality of life after deepbrain stimulation (DBS). Findings: This is a prospective study of 16 patients undergoing deep brain stimulation in thecaudal Zona incerta (cZi). The quality of life was assessed with Quality of Life in EssentialTremor Questionnaire (QUEST) and SF-36 scores and the tremor was evaluated using theessential tremor rating scale (ETRS). Results: In the tremor rating hand tremor on the treated side improved by 95%, hand functionby 78% and activities of daily living improved by 74%. The QUEST score showedstatistically significant improvements in the psychosocial and activities of daily livingsubscores. The SF-36 score did not show any significant improvement. Conclusions: Although very good tremor reduction was achieved, the improvement in thequality of life scores was more modest. This could partly be explained by the quality of lifebeing affected by other factors than the tremor itself.
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| 4. |
- Sandvik, Ulrika, 1978-
(författare)
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Stereotactic functional procedures in the treatment of essential tremor
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Essential tremor (ET) is the most common movement disorder. In cases resistant to pharmacological treatment, functional stereotactic neurosurgery can be an alternative. Lesional surgery has largely been replaced by deep brain stimulation (DBS). The current target of choice is the ventrolateral thalamus (Vim). Vim DBS has generally shown good results, but in some cases it is associated with a suboptimal effect as well as side effects. DBS in the posterior subthalamic area/caudal zona incerta (PSA/cZi) has recently shown promising effects. Recently the role of lesional therapy in selected cases has been discussed.Aim: The aim is to evaluate stereotactic functional procedures in the treatment of ET, with special emphasis on PSA DBS. Further the effects of DBS in the PSA are evaluated. The optimal target is also assessed by evaluating the effect of Vim and PSA DBS in relation to the position of the electrode. An attempt to identify patient-specific factors of prognostic importance for the outcome after DBS will be made. The quality of life (QoL) of patients treated with PSA DBS for ET will be assessed. Finally, the aim is also to analyze retrospectively the long-term outcome of lesional procedures (thalamotomies). Method: The thesis consists of five studies. The optimal electrode location is evaluated in a study analyzing the location of the electrode contact yielding the best effect in Vim DBS and PSA DBS groups. The efficacy of PSA DBS in 21 patients is evaluated in a prospective study. The correlation between outcome, age, tremor grade and gender is established in a prospective study consisting of 68 patients. Finally, the degree of improvement in QoL is determined in 16 patients operated on in the PSA. The very long-term effect of lesional surgery has been investigated in a retrospective study of nine patients who have undergone thalamotomy.Results: In the study of PSA DBS the total score on the Essential Tremor Rating Scale (ETRS) was reduced by 60% compared to the baseline value. Tremor of the arm was improved by 95%. The study evaluating the optimal contact location showed that the best effect was in the PSA in 54% and in the Vim in 12%. The efficacy of DBS was not related to age, gender, or the severity of tremor with regard to the percentage reduction of tremor on stimulation. In patients with a more severe tremor at baseline, a higher degree of residual tremor on stimulation was seen. With regard to QoL, the activities of daily living (ADL) according to the ETRS score were significantly improved, as well as according to the ADL and psychosocial subscores on the Questionnaire for Essential Tremor (QUEST) scale. No significant changes were found on the generic Short Form (SF-36) QoL scale. Thalamotomy had some positive effects, but also a significant amount of side effects that might be attributed to the surgery.Conclusions: The effect of PSA DBS was very satisfying and compares well with the results from Vim DBS. When both Vim and PSA DBS are considered, the optimal target seems to be located in the PSA. PSA DBS shows good results in improving ADL, but the results have been difficult to demonstrate on QoL scales. The efficacy of DBS could not be shown to be associated with gender or age. Nor was it associated with the severity of tremor regarding the percentage of tremor reduction on stimulation. The preoperative severity of tremor was the most important factor regarding outcome following DBS. With regard to thalamotomies, some possible remaining benefit of the surgery could be seen along with some severe side effects.
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| 5. |
- Sandvik, Ulrika, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Thalamic and subthalamic DBS for essential tremor : where is the optimal target?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Neurosurgery. - Philadelphia : Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins/Congress of Neurological Surgeons. - 0148-396X .- 1524-4040. ; 70:4, s. 840-846
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The ventrolateral thalamus (Vim, ventral intermediate nucleus) is the traditional target for neurosurgical treatment of essential tremor (ET). The target has, however, varied substantially among different neurosurgeons.Objective: To evaluate the effect of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the thalamus and posterior subthalamic area (PSA) in relation to electrode location.Methods: 36 (17Vim / 19 PSA) patients, with 44 DBS electrodes, were included in this retrospective study. The effect of stimulation was evaluated with standardized settings for each contact using items from the essential tremor rating scale (ETRS).Results: When each contact was evaluated regarding the treated hand with standardized stimulation, the electrode contact providing the best effect in the individual patient was in 54% located in the zona incerta (Zi) or radiation prelemniscalis (raprl) and in 12 % the Vim. 40 contacts provided a tremor reduction of >90%. Of these, 43% were located in the PSA and 18% in the Vim according to the Schaltenbrandt atlas. 37 of these 40 contacts were found in the PSA group.Conclusion: More contacts yielding an optimal effect were found in the PSA group than in the Vim. Many patients operated upon in the Vim got the best effect in a contact located in the PSA. This might suggest that the PSA is a more efficient target than the Vim.
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| 6. |
- Sandvik, Ulrika, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Thalamotomy for essential tremor : a very long-term follow-up
- 2012
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Ingår i: Open Neurosurgery Journal. - : Bentham Open. - 1876-5297. ; 5, s. 1-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: DBS (deep brain stimulation) is currently the golden standard in the surgical treatment of ET (essential tremor). Despite the benefits of DBS, there remain situations where lesional surgery may provide an alternative.Objective: To perform a very long-term retrospective evaluation of thalamotomies for ET.Methods: Nine patients who underwent thalamotomy for ET during 1972–1999 (follow-up period 20.8 ± 5.2 years) were assessed with regard to tremor scores, side effects, and quality of life, as well as lesion size and location.Results: All patients had tremor recurrence, although hand function remained slightly better on the treated side than on the non-treated side. Side effects that could be attributed to the procedure were frequent and did in some cases result in a disability for the patient. Quality of life was poorer in this group than in an age-adjusted healthy population. No correlation between lesion size, location, and long-term outcome could be established.Conclusions: In this study population the benefits of thalamotomies were limited, while complications were frequent.
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