| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Eckerberg, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Varför brister politikerna när det gäller miljömålen?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Dagens Nyheter. - 1101-2447.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vad ska vi svara? Politikernas ambitiösa miljömål uppfylls sällan eller aldrig. När våra elever frågar oss varför blir vi ofta svaret skyldiga. Om politikerna inte vill att väljarna ska dra slutsatsen att de har misslyckats, måste de ange en realistisk väg att nå de uppsatta målen. Det skulle väcka respekt, skriver ledande forskare och samhällsplanerare.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Ehrmann, Steffen, et al.
(författare)
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Habitat properties are key drivers of Borrelia burgdorferi (s.l.) prevalence in Ixodes ricinus populations of deciduous forest fragments
- 2018
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Ingår i: Parasites & Vectors. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1756-3305. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThe tick Ixodes ricinus has considerable impact on the health of humans and other terrestrial animals because it transmits several tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) such as B. burgdorferi (sensu lato), which causes Lyme borreliosis (LB). Small forest patches of agricultural landscapes provide many ecosystem services and also the disservice of LB risk. Biotic interactions and environmental filtering shape tick host communities distinctively between specific regions of Europe, which makes evaluating the dilution effect hypothesis and its influence across various scales challenging. Latitude, macroclimate, landscape and habitat properties drive both hosts and ticks and are comparable metrics across Europe. Therefore, we instead assess these environmental drivers as indicators and determine their respective roles for the prevalence of B. burgdorferi in I. ricinus.MethodsWe sampled I. ricinus and measured environmental properties of macroclimate, landscape and habitat quality of forest patches in agricultural landscapes along a European macroclimatic gradient. We used linear mixed models to determine significant drivers and their relative importance for nymphal and adult B. burgdorferi prevalence. We suggest a new prevalence index, which is pool-size independent.ResultsDuring summer months, our prevalence index varied between 0 and 0.4 per forest patch, indicating a low to moderate disservice. Habitat properties exerted a fourfold larger influence on B. burgdorferi prevalence than macroclimate and landscape properties combined. Increasingly available ecotone habitat of focal forest patches diluted and edge density at landscape scale amplified B. burgdorferi prevalence. Indicators of habitat attractiveness for tick hosts (food resources and shelter) were the most important predictors within habitat patches. More diverse and abundant macro and microhabitat had a diluting effect, as it presumably diversifies the niches for tick-hosts and decreases the probability of contact between ticks and their hosts and hence the transmission likelihood.ConclusionsDiluting effects of more diverse habitat patches would pose another reason to maintain or restore high biodiversity in forest patches of rural landscapes. We suggest classifying habitat patches by their regulating services as dilution and amplification habitat, which predominantly either decrease or increase B. burgdorferi prevalence at local and landscape scale and hence LB risk. Particular emphasis on promoting LB-diluting properties should be put on the management of those habitats that are frequently used by humans. In the light of these findings, climate change may be of little concern for LB risk at local scales, but this should be evaluated further.
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| 5. |
- Groth, Sanne Krogh, et al.
(författare)
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Togets Stemmer
- 2019
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Ingår i: ETN:TÅG. - 1653-1361. ; 9, s. 106-111
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
- Gunnarsson, Josefin, et al.
(författare)
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Så kan företag arbeta med EPD – fördelar, råd och regelverk
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport är den första av två leveranser från ett forskningsprojekt som finansierats av Trä- och Möbelföretagen (TMF) och Stiftelsen IVL.I projektet har denna vägledning skapats som syftar till att pedagogiskt beskriva EPD, hur de skapas och hur informationen i dem kan tillämpas. Vägledningen riktar sig främst till företag som planerar eller nyligen påbörjat sitt arbete med EPD. Under projektet har även två webinarium anordnats som syftat till att ge grundläggande kunskap om LCA och EPD och där innehållet i vägledningen varit i fokus.
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| 7. |
- Hendry, Alexandra, et al.
(författare)
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Atypical Development of Attentional Control Associates with Later Adaptive Functioning, Autism and ADHD Traits
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of autism and developmental disorders. - : Springer Nature. - 0162-3257 .- 1573-3432. ; 50:11, s. 4085-4105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autism is frequently associated with difficulties with top-down attentional control, which impact on individuals’ mental health and quality of life. The developmental processes involved in these attentional difficulties are not well understood. Using a data-driven approach, 2 samples (N = 294 and 412) of infants at elevated and typical likelihood of autism were grouped according to profiles of parent report of attention at 10, 15 and 25 months. In contrast to the normative profile of increases in attentional control scores between infancy and toddlerhood, a minority (7–9%) showed plateauing attentional control scores between 10 and 25 months. Consistent with pre-registered hypotheses, plateaued growth of attentional control was associated with elevated autism and ADHD traits, and lower adaptive functioning at age 3 years.
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| 8. |
- Ivarsson, Tord, 1946, et al.
(författare)
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Remission and Relapse Across Three Years in Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Following Evidence-Based Treatments
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. - 0890-8567 .- 1527-5418. ; 63:5, s. 519-527
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To examine relapse rates following remission in a 3-year follow-up study in pediatric patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) treated with cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) in a first step, and either continued CBT or sertraline (randomized selection) in a second step. Method: Participants (N = 269) fulfilled DSM-IV OCD criteria with a mean severity on the Children's Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS) of 24.6 (SD = 5.1) and were included in analyses according to intent-to-treat principles. CBT used manualized exposure and response prevention (ERP) during both steps 1 and 2, and step 2 sertraline medication used flexible dosing. The follow-up schedules were timed to 6, 12, 24, and 36 months following step 1 CBT. Remission was defined as a CY-BOCS score ≤10 and relapse as an elevated CY-BOCS score ≥16 in those who had remitted. Results: A good third of our patients were in stable and full remission at all examinations (n = 98, 36.4%). Further, some in remission following treatment (n = 36, 13.4%) had mild OCD at some examinations. Relapses during follow-up were not uncommon (n = 28, 10.4%), but in many patients these improved again (n = 10, 3.7%) and were in remission at the final 3-year follow-up. Furthermore, a considerable proportion (n = 50, 18.6%) of the patients were initial non-remitters to the treatment but achieved remission at some point during the follow-up. In addition, 11.5% (n = 31) had persistent OCD but reached remission by the last follow-up. Finally, a smaller segment of our sample (9.7%, n = 26), did not attain remission at any point during the study. Conclusion: Our outcome paints a more promising picture of pediatric OCD long-term outcome than previous studies have done. However, both relapse rates and the presence of initial non-remitters and persistent OCD show that treatments need improvement, particularly for those who respond slowly, partially, or not at all. The lack of a general psychiatric interview at follow-up is a marked limitation. Clinical trial registration information: Nordic Long-term Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) Treatment Study; https://www.isrctn.com; ISRCTN66385119
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| 9. |
- Jensen, Sanne, et al.
(författare)
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The Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale's auxiliary items: Long-term outcome
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders. - : Elsevier BV. - 2211-3649 .- 2211-3657. ; 27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2020 Elsevier Inc. Objective: Standard assessment of pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients includes ratings of insight, avoidance, indecisiveness, sense of responsibility, pervasive slowness, pathological doubting, and obsession-free intervals. The present study aims to identify pre-treatment associations of these clinical features to symptom severity and symptom dimensions as well as to describe and analyze the long-term levels and distribution in different treatment responder groups. Method: Severity ratings as well as clinical feature ratings were evaluated in 268 pediatric OCD patients using the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS) at seven time points before, during, and up to three years after first-line cognitive-behavioral therapy. The CY-BOCS auxiliary items were evaluated on the basis of three symptom severity trajectory classes: acute, slow, and limited responders. Results: Insight, avoidance, pervasive slowness, and obsession-free intervals were positively associated with pre-treatment symptom severity. Symptom dimensions were associated with different auxiliary items. At three-year follow-up, the limited responder class had higher scores than the acute and slow responder classes on all items except for responsibility. Conclusion: The CY-BOCS auxiliary items are closely related to symptom dimensions and partly to symptom severity. The features appear to be dynamic concepts prone to change, yet, less so in patients showing limited long-term treatment response.
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| 10. |
- Karheiding, Carl, et al.
(författare)
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Life CyclePractitioners -Education fromcradle to grave
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Life cycle practitioners of tomorrow will be a more diverse group of professionals than the first generation. A couple of decades ago Life Cycle Thinking (LCT) was the concern of a limited group of experts in academia, research institutes and a few larger companies. Most members of the LC-community were known to each other and the field was limited in terms of job opportunities. Today the field has grown substantially. LC-experts are found in a range of positions in industry, consultancy, and governmental authorities. Many non-experts also come across the LC-concept at various stages in their professional life. While life cycle education for many years was a niche concern for specifically interested students, the dispersion of the LC-concept now raises different needs for education and training. Swedish Life Cycle Center, which aims at credible and applied LCT, has as one of its ambitions to meet these new needs by supporting education and training actions among its partners. The aim of our conference contribution is to describe how ongoing educational and training efforts in Sweden contribute to meet the needs.15-20 dedicated LCA courses and a multitude of courses integrating the LC-perspective are given at Swedish universities. This gives opportunities of collegial exchange among teachers. Co-operation with industry in master degree projects is important and lays the ground for industry to recruit new colleagues.PhD students benefit from courses where they not only learn from senior researchers but also interact with each other. Such courses gives PhD students an overview of previous and present LCA-related research. This contributes to making research more scientific in the sense that the accumulation of knowledge will be more systematic. It helps establish a network of researchers that benefit their research and careers.Industry and authorities are in need to understand the LC-perspective. Not only environmental experts, but also several functions such as procurement, product development and marketing. It is important to offer education for professionals where they learn the basics of LCT, identify what value chain they are part of and how they can influence its performance.LC-practitioners needs to continue receiving updates and learn about new findings within the field. Seminars, webinars, newsletters and working groups are ways to stay up to date.There is a need to spread LCT within each organization, educate media via easily available information and inform citizens about the LC-perspective to ensure the regrowth of LC-experts of tomorrow.
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| 11. |
- Melin, Karin, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment Gains Are Sustainable in Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Three-Year Follow-Up From the NordLOTS
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. - Amsterdam : Elsevier BV. - 0890-8567 .- 1527-5418. ; 59:2, s. 244-253
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2019 American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Objective: This study evaluated the long-term outcomes of a stepped care treatment for pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and investigated whether response to first-step cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is an important indicator of 3-year outcomes. Method: This study is a part of the Nordic Long-term OCD Treatment Study (NordLOTS), in which 269 children and adolescents were treated with CBT. Nonresponders to CBT were randomized to extended treatment with continued CBT or pharmacotherapy with sertraline. Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS) scores no higher than 15 and no higher than 10 were defined as treatment response and remission, respectively. Participants were assessed 2 and 3 years after first-step CBT. Linear mixed-effects models were used to analyze the outcomes. Results: Intent-to-treat analyses showed a significant decrease in CY-BOCS total score from baseline (24.6) to 3-year follow-up (5.0; p = .001), with a mean decrease of 5.9 from after treatment to 3-year follow-up. Three years after treatment, 90% (n = 242) of participants were rated as responders and 73% were in clinical remission. The duration of treatment did not influence the symptom level at 3-year follow-up (p = .998) and no significant difference was found (p = .169) between the extended treatment conditions. Conclusion: The results suggest that evidence-based treatment for pediatric OCD has long-term positive effects, whether a first step of manual-based CBT or extended treatment with CBT or sertraline. The improvements were maintained, and the symptoms decreased further during follow-up and were, after 3 years, similarly independent of treatment duration and form of extended treatment. Clinical trial registration information: Nordic Long-term Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Treatment Study; www.controlled-trials.com; ISRCTN66385119.
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| 12. |
- Palander, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Learnings of national application of Environmental Footprint in Companies and Organizations
- 2021
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Ingår i: Abstract to LCM 2021 The 10th International Conference on Life Cycle Management 2021, September 2021.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Companies are working with life cycle thinking for different purposes such as marketing, purchasing, investments and strategies, with the objective to reduce the environmental impact from their products and services. In recent years, LCT has also been important for public policymaking and in public procurement. Methods for environmental footprinting of products and services have been and are being developed all over the world. In its communication Single Market for Green Products1 (SMGP, April 2013), the European Commission proposed actions to overcome problems on the internal market caused by this proliferation of initiatives. The SMGP established two methods, the Product Environmental Footprint (PEF) and the Organisation Environmental Footprint (OEF) to ensure quality and increase transparency of environmental information and to facilitate comparisons between products’, services’ and organizations’ environmental performance. Swedish Life Cycle Center (SLC) has during the years followed and influenced the Environmental Footprint process, through participation in pilots and in the Technical Advisory Board. SLC provides an arena for industry, authorities, research institutes and universities for Roundtable dialogue on methodology aspects, possible implementation and aspects where we want to influence based on Sweden and Nordic conditions and experiences. This dialogue has resulted in research projects, public seminars, conferences and a national coordination between experts. One of the SLC project, Environmental footprint in Sweden, aims to engage Swedish actors in PEF to better understand how the implementation of PEF as well as related requirements and suggested legislation and directives will affect their work. Case studies are being performed to investigate different methodology aspects from a national perspective, communication learnings and recommendations in order to influence the PEF methodologies. A survey has been performed to identify the current situation for the actual implementation of PEF. Also, EPD and PEF similarities and differences are being investigated, which might lead to increased harmonization.The project will also be strengthening the most important outcomes of PEF; increased knowledge about LCA and products’ environmental impacts and increased collaboration within and between sectors.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Rådholm, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Use of the waist-to-height ratio to predict cardiovascular risk in patients with diabetes: Results from the ADVANCE-ON study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Diabetes, obesity and metabolism. - : WILEY. - 1462-8902 .- 1463-1326. ; 20:8, s. 1903-1910
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims Patients with type 2 diabetes have a high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Central obesity has been particularly associated with this risk relationship. We aimed to evaluate waist to height ratio (WHtR) as a predictor of risk in such patients. Methods WHtR was evaluated as a predictor of the risk of CVD and mortality amongst 11125 participants with type 2 diabetes in the ADVANCE and ADVANCE-ON studies, and was compared with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and waist hip ratio (WHR). Primary outcome was a composite of death from CVD, non-fatal myocardial infarction or non-fatal stroke. Secondary outcomes were myocardial infarction, stroke, cardiovascular death and death from any cause. Cox models were used, with bootstrapping to compare associations between anthropometric measures for the primary outcome. Results Median follow-up time was 9.0 years. There was a positive association between WHtR and adverse outcomes. The hazard ratio (HR) (confidence interval), per SD higher WHtR, was 1.16 (1.11-1.22) for the primary endpoint, with no heterogeneity by sex or region, but a stronger effect in individuals aged 66 years or older. The other 3 anthropometric measurements showed similar associations, although there was evidence that WHtR marginally outperformed BMI and WHR. Based on commonly used BMI cut-points, the equivalent WHtR cut-points were estimated to be 0.55 and 0.6, with no evidence of a difference across subgroups. Conclusions In patients with diabetes, WHtR is a useful indicator of future adverse risk, with similar effects in different population subgroups.
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| 15. |
- Smárason, Orri, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term functional impairment in pediatric OCD after and during treatment: An analysis of distinct trajectories.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Psychiatry research. - 1872-7123. ; 324
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study aimed to: (a) identify latent class trajectories of OCD-related functional impairment, before, during and over three years after stepped-care treatment in children and adolescents with OCD; (b) describe these classes according to pretreatment characteristics; (c) identify predictors of trajectory class membership and (d) examine the relationship of functional impairment trajectory classes with OCD symptom severity trajectory classes. The sample consisted of 266 children and adolescents (aged 7-17 years) with OCD, participating in the Nordic long-term OCD treatment study. Latent class growth analysis was conducted using Child Obsessive-Compulsive Impact Scale-Revised (COIS-R) data from children and parents on seven assessment points over a three-year period. A 3-class solution was identified. The largest class (70.7%) initiated treatment with lower functional impairment and obtained moderate reduction which was maintained over time. The second class (24.4%) initiated with higher functional impairment which rapidly diminished over time. The third and smallest class (4.9%), initiated with moderate functional impairment which remained stable over time. The classes differed on measures of OCD severity and comorbid symptoms. Most participants improved with treatment and maintained low levels of impairment. However, a subgroup distinguished by higher levels of ADHD symptoms, remained at pretreatment levels of impairment throughout.
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| 16. |
- Smith, Sanne, et al.
(författare)
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Foam fractionation for removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances: Towards closing the mass balance
- 2023
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 871
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Foam fractionation has recently attracted attention as a low-cost and environmentally benign treatment technology for water contaminated with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). However, data on the mass balance over the foam fractionation process are scarce and when available, gaps in the mass balance are often identified. This study verified the high treatment efficiency of a pilot-scale foam fractionation system for removal of PFAS from industrial water contaminated with aqueous film-forming foam. ΣPFAS removal reached up to 84 % and the removal of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) up to 97 %, but the short-chain perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) was only removed with a mean efficiency of 1.5 %. In general, mobile short-chain PFAS were removed less efficiently when the perfluorocarbon chain length was below six for carboxylic acids and below five for sulfonic acids. Fluctuations in treatment efficiency due to natural variations in the chemistry of the influent water were minor, confirming the robustness of the technology, but significant positive correlations between PFAS removal and influent metal concentration and conductivity were observed. Over all experiments, the mass balance closure did not differ significantly from 100 %. Nonetheless, PFAS sorption to the walls of the reactor was measured, as well as high PFAS emissions by the air exiting the reactor. PFAS emissions in aerosols correlated positively with mass balance closure. The elevated aerial PFAS concentrations measured in the experimental facility have implications for worker safety and prevention of PFAS-emissions to the atmosphere, and demonstrate the importance of installing appropriate filters on the air outlet of foam fractionation systems.
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| 17. |
- Smith, Sanne J., et al.
(författare)
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Electrochemical Oxidation for Treatment of PFAS in Contaminated Water and Fractionated Foam─A Pilot-Scale Study
- 2023
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Ingår i: ACS - ES & T Water. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2690-0637. ; 3:4, s. 1201-1211
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent synthetic contaminants that are present globally in water and are exceptionally difficult to remove during conventional water treatment processes. Here, we demonstrate a practical treatment train that combines foam fractionation to concentrate PFAS from groundwater and landfill leachate, followed by an electrochemical oxidation (EO) step to degrade the PFAS. The study combined an up-scaled experimental approach with thorough characterization strategies, including target analysis, PFAS sum parameters, and toxicity testing. Additionally, the EO kinetics were successfully reproduced by a newly developed coupled numerical model. The mean total PFAS degradation over the designed treatment train reached 50%, with long- and short-chain PFAS degrading up to 86 and 31%, respectively. The treatment resulted in a decrease in the toxic potency of the water, as assessed by transthyretin binding and bacterial bioluminescence bioassays. Moreover, the extractable organofluorine concentration of the water decreased by up to 44%. Together, these findings provide an improved understanding of a promising and practical approach for on-site remediation of PFAS-contaminated water.
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| 18. |
- Smith, Sanne, et al.
(författare)
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Pilot-Scale Continuous Foam Fractionation for the Removal of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) from Landfill Leachate
- 2022
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Ingår i: ACS ES&T water. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2690-0637. ; 2, s. 841-851
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are of concern for their ubiquity in the environment combined with their persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic properties. Landfill leachate is often contaminated with these chemicals, and therefore, the development of cost-efficient water treatment technologies is urgently needed. The present study investigated the applicability of a pilot-scale foam fractionation setup for the removal of PFAS from natural landfill leachate in a novel continuous operating mode. A benchmark batch test was also performed to compare treatment efficiency. The ΣPFAS removal efficiency plateaued around 60% and was shown to decrease for the investigated process variables air flow rate (Qair), collected foam fraction (%foam) and contact time in the column (tc). For individual long-chain PFAS, removal efficiencies above 90% were obtained, whereas the removal for certain short-chain PFAS was low (<30%). Differences in treatment efficiency between enriching mode versus stripping mode as well as between continuous versus batch mode were negligible. Taken together, these findings suggest that continuous foam fractionation is a highly applicable treatment technology for PFAS contaminated water. Coupling the proposed cost- and energy-efficient foam fractionation pretreatment to an energy-intensive degradative technology for the concentrated foam establishes a promising strategy for on-site PFAS remediation.
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| 19. |
- Snir, Omri, et al.
(författare)
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Antibodies to several citrullinated antigens are enriched in the joints of rheumatoid arthritis patients
- 2010
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Ingår i: Arthritis and Rheumatism. - : Wiley. - 0004-3591 .- 1529-0131. ; 62:1, s. 44-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- MCV and CCP positivity represent a similar subset of RA patients, whereas ACPAs with different fine specificities fall into subgroups of anti-CCP+/anti-MCV+ patients. The levels of all specific ACPAs were elevated in synovial fluid, suggesting that there is local antibody production and/or retention of ACPAs at the site of inflammation governed by RA-predisposing genes.
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