| 1. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
-
A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
-
Ingår i: eLIFE. - 2050-084X. ; 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.522.7) and 16.5 cm (13.319.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
|
|
| 2. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
-
A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
-
Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Zhou, Bin, et al.
(författare)
-
Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: A pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4.4 million participants
- 2016
-
Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 387:10027, s. 1513-1530
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: One of the global targets for non-communicable diseases is to halt, by 2025, the rise in the age standardised adult prevalence of diabetes at its 2010 levels. We aimed to estimate worldwide trends in diabetes, how likely it is for countries to achieve the global target, and how changes in prevalence, together with population growth and ageing, are aff ecting the number of adults with diabetes.Methods: We pooled data from population-based studies that had collected data on diabetes through measurement of its biomarkers. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in diabetes prevalence-defined as fasting plasma glucose of 7.0 mmol/L or higher, or history of diagnosis with diabetes, or use of insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs-in 200 countries and territories in 21 regions, by sex and from 1980 to 2014. We also calculated the posterior probability of meeting the global diabetes target if post-2000 trends continue.Findings: We used data from 751 studies including 4372000 adults from 146 of the 200 countries we make estimates for. Global age-standardised diabetes prevalence increased from 4.3% (95% credible interval 2.4-17.0) in 1980 to 9.0% (7.2-11.1) in 2014 in men, and from 5.0% (2.9-7.9) to 7.9% (6.4-9.7) in women. The number of adults with diabetes in the world increased from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014 (28.5% due to the rise in prevalence, 39.7% due to population growth and ageing, and 31.8% due to interaction of these two factors). Age-standardised adult diabetes prevalence in 2014 was lowest in northwestern Europe, and highest in Polynesia and Micronesia, at nearly 25%, followed by Melanesia and the Middle East and north Africa. Between 1980 and 2014 there was little change in age-standardised diabetes prevalence in adult women in continental western Europe, although crude prevalence rose because of ageing of the population. By contrast, age-standardised adult prevalence rose by 15 percentage points in men and women in Polynesia and Micronesia. In 2014, American Samoa had the highest national prevalence of diabetes (>30% in both sexes), with age-standardised adult prevalence also higher than 25% in some other islands in Polynesia and Micronesia. If post-2000 trends continue, the probability of meeting the global target of halting the rise in the prevalence of diabetes by 2025 at the 2010 level worldwide is lower than 1% for men and is 1% for women. Only nine countries for men and 29 countries for women, mostly in western Europe, have a 50% or higher probability of meeting the global target.Interpretation: Since 1980, age-standardised diabetes prevalence in adults has increased, or at best remained unchanged, in every country. Together with population growth and ageing, this rise has led to a near quadrupling of the number of adults with diabetes worldwide. The burden of diabetes, both in terms of prevalence and number of adults aff ected, has increased faster in low-income and middle-income countries than in high-income countries.
|
|
| 5. |
- Danaei, Goodarz, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of diabetes definition on global surveillance of diabetes prevalence and diagnosis: a pooled analysis of 96 population-based studies with 331288 participants
- 2015
-
Ingår i: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology. - 2213-8595 .- 2213-8587. ; 3:8, s. 624-637
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Diabetes has been defined on the basis of different biomarkers, including fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h plasma glucose in an oral glucose tolerance test (2hOGTT), and HbA(1c). We assessed the effect of different diagnostic definitions on both the population prevalence of diabetes and the classification of previously undiagnosed individuals as having diabetes versus not having diabetes in a pooled analysis of data from population-based health examination surveys in different regions. Methods We used data from 96 population-based health examination surveys that had measured at least two of the biomarkers used for defining diabetes. Diabetes was defined using HbA(1c) (HbA(1c) >= 6 . 5% or history of diabetes diagnosis or using insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs) compared with either FPG only or FPG-or-2hOGTT definitions (FPG >= 7 . 0 mmol/L or 2hOGTT >= 11 . 1 mmol/L or history of diabetes or using insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs). We calculated diabetes prevalence, taking into account complex survey design and survey sample weights. We compared the prevalences of diabetes using different definitions graphically and by regression analyses. We calculated sensitivity and specificity of diabetes diagnosis based on HbA1c compared with diagnosis based on glucose among previously undiagnosed individuals (ie, excluding those with history of diabetes or using insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs). We calculated sensitivity and specificity in each survey, and then pooled results using a random-effects model. We assessed the sources of heterogeneity of sensitivity by meta-regressions for study characteristics selected a priori. Findings Population prevalence of diabetes based on FPG- or-2hOGTT was correlated with prevalence based on FPG alone (r= 0 . 98), but was higher by 2-6 percentage points at different prevalence levels. Prevalence based on HbA(1c) was lower than prevalence based on FPG in 42 . 8% of age-sex-survey groups and higher in another 41 . 6%; in the other 15 . 6%, the two definitions provided similar prevalence estimates. The variation across studies in the relation between glucose-based and HbA(1c)-based prevalences was partly related to participants' age, followed by natural logarithm of per person gross domestic product, the year of survey, mean BMI, and whether the survey population was national, subnational, or from specific communities. Diabetes defined as HbA(1c) 6 . 5% or more had a pooled sensitivity of 52 . 8% (95% CI 51 . 3-54 . 3%) and a pooled specificity of 99 . 74% (99 . 71-99 . 78%) compared with FPG 7 . 0 mmol/L or more for diagnosing previously undiagnosed participants; sensitivity compared with diabetes defined based on FPG-or-2hOGTT was 30 . 5% (28 . 7-32 . 3%). None of the preselected study-level characteristics explained the heterogeneity in the sensitivity of HbA(1c) versus FPG. Interpretation Different biomarkers and definitions for diabetes can provide different estimates of population prevalence of diabetes, and differentially identify people without previous diagnosis as having diabetes. Using an HbA(1c)-based definition alone in health surveys will not identify a substantial proportion of previously undiagnosed people who would be considered as having diabetes using a glucose-based test.
|
|
| 6. |
- Kattge, Jens, et al.
(författare)
-
TRY plant trait database - enhanced coverage and open access
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 26:1, s. 119-188
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.
|
|
| 7. |
- Anderson, Ian, et al.
(författare)
-
Indigenous and tribal peoples' health (The Lancet-Lowitja Institute Global Collaboration) : a population study
- 2016
-
Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Elsevier. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 388:10040, s. 131-157
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: International studies of the health of Indigenous and tribal peoples provide important public health insights. Reliable data are required for the development of policy and health services. Previous studies document poorer outcomes for Indigenous peoples compared with benchmark populations, but have been restricted in their coverage of countries or the range of health indicators. Our objective is to describe the health and social status of Indigenous and tribal peoples relative to benchmark populations from a sample of countries.Methods: Collaborators with expertise in Indigenous health data systems were identified for each country. Data were obtained for population, life expectancy at birth, infant mortality, low and high birthweight, maternal mortality, nutritional status, educational attainment, and economic status. Data sources consisted of governmental data, data from non-governmental organisations such as UNICEF, and other research. Absolute and relative differences were calculated.Findings: Our data (23 countries, 28 populations) provide evidence of poorer health and social outcomes for Indigenous peoples than for non-Indigenous populations. However, this is not uniformly the case, and the size of the rate difference varies. We document poorer outcomes for Indigenous populations for: life expectancy at birth for 16 of 18 populations with a difference greater than 1 year in 15 populations; infant mortality rate for 18 of 19 populations with a rate difference greater than one per 1000 livebirths in 16 populations; maternal mortality in ten populations; low birthweight with the rate difference greater than 2% in three populations; high birthweight with the rate difference greater than 2% in one population; child malnutrition for ten of 16 populations with a difference greater than 10% in five populations; child obesity for eight of 12 populations with a difference greater than 5% in four populations; adult obesity for seven of 13 populations with a difference greater than 10% in four populations; educational attainment for 26 of 27 populations with a difference greater than 1% in 24 populations; and economic status for 15 of 18 populations with a difference greater than 1% in 14 populations.Interpretation: We systematically collated data across a broader sample of countries and indicators than done in previous studies. Taking into account the UN Sustainable Development Goals, we recommend that national governments develop targeted policy responses to Indigenous health, improving access to health services, and Indigenous data within national surveillance systems.
|
|
| 8. |
- Beukelman, Timothy, et al.
(författare)
-
A survey of national and multi-national registries and cohort studies in juvenile idiopathic arthritis : challenges and opportunities
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Pediatric Rheumatology. - : BIOMED CENTRAL LTD. - 1546-0096. ; 15
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: To characterize the existing national and multi-national registries and cohort studies in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and identify differences as well as areas of potential future collaboration.Methods: We surveyed investigators from North America, Europe, and Australia about existing JIA cohort studies and registries. We excluded cross-sectional studies. We captured information about study design, duration, location, inclusion criteria, data elements and collection methods.Results: We received survey results from 18 studies, including 11 national and 7 multi-national studies representing 37 countries in total. Study designs included inception cohorts, prevalent disease cohorts, and new treatment cohorts (several of which contribute to pharmacosurveillance activities). Despite numerous differences, the data elements collected across the studies was quite similar, with most studies collecting at least 5 of the 6 American College of Rheumatology core set variables and the data needed to calculate the 3-variable clinical juvenile disease activity score. Most studies were collecting medication initiation and discontinuation dates and were attempting to capture serious adverse events.Conclusion: There is a wide-range of large, ongoing JIA registries and cohort studies around the world. Our survey results indicate significant potential for future collaborative work using data from different studies and both combined and comparative analyses.
|
|
| 9. |
- Culina, Antica, et al.
(författare)
-
Connecting the data landscape of long-term ecological studies : The SPI-Birds data hub
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of Animal Ecology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0021-8790 .- 1365-2656. ; 90:9, s. 2147-2160
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The integration and synthesis of the data in different areas of science is drastically slowed and hindered by a lack of standards and networking programmes. Long-term studies of individually marked animals are not an exception. These studies are especially important as instrumental for understanding evolutionary and ecological processes in the wild. Furthermore, their number and global distribution provides a unique opportunity to assess the generality of patterns and to address broad-scale global issues (e.g. climate change). To solve data integration issues and enable a new scale of ecological and evolutionary research based on long-term studies of birds, we have created the SPI-Birds Network and Database ()-a large-scale initiative that connects data from, and researchers working on, studies of wild populations of individually recognizable (usually ringed) birds. Within year and a half since the establishment, SPI-Birds has recruited over 120 members, and currently hosts data on almost 1.5 million individual birds collected in 80 populations over 2,000 cumulative years, and counting. SPI-Birds acts as a data hub and a catalogue of studied populations. It prevents data loss, secures easy data finding, use and integration and thus facilitates collaboration and synthesis. We provide community-derived data and meta-data standards and improve data integrity guided by the principles of Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable (FAIR), and aligned with the existing metadata languages (e.g. ecological meta-data language). The encouraging community involvement stems from SPI-Bird's decentralized approach: research groups retain full control over data use and their way of data management, while SPI-Birds creates tailored pipelines to convert each unique data format into a standard format. We outline the lessons learned, so that other communities (e.g. those working on other taxa) can adapt our successful model. Creating community-specific hubs (such as ours, COMADRE for animal demography, etc.) will aid much-needed large-scale ecological data integration.
|
|
| 10. |
- da Silva Santos, João Manuel, 1992-
(författare)
-
A multiwavelength approach to solar chromospheric heating : New insights from the millimeter continuum
- 2020
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The chromosphere is an intermediate layer of the Sun's atmosphere where radiative equilibrium breaks down. The standard chromospheric diagnostics such as the Mg II h and k and Ca II H and K spectral lines are formed under nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) and they are only partially sensitive to the local conditions. Consequently, the interpretation of their profiles is not straightforward. In contrast, millimeter (mm) continuum radiation is produced by thermal free-free collisional interactions in the chromosphere under most solar conditions, and the observed brightness temperatures are better proxies for plasma temperatures. Observations at these long wavelengths have been recently enabled thanks to the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), but the Sun remains largely unexplored in this spectral range.In this thesis I explore the diagnostic potential of the mm continuum to study the solar chromosphere using inversions and radiation-magnetohydrodynamics (r-MHD) simulations. In particular, this work takes an unprecedented look at solar active-regions in the mm using some of the first solar ALMA observations.In Paper I, we investigated whether the mm continuum helps to constrain temperatures in NLTE inversions of the MgII and CaII resonance lines using synthetic data from a 3D r-MHD simulation. In Paper II, we applied the same inversion technique to observational data in order to constrain temperature and microturbulence in plage, and we detected signatures of wave heating in coordinated observations with the IRIS satellite. In Paper III, we reported the first results of a comprehensive effort to characterize the visibility of small-scale heating events in an active-region using multiwavelength observations from the mm to the extreme-ultraviolet. We detected multiple, dynamic, transient brightenings -- we called them "millimeter bursts", and we investigated magnetic reconnection using a simulation.This thesis shows that ALMA offers a complementary spectral diagnostic to the existing ones at visible and ultraviolet wavelengths and it underscores the importance of mm continuum observations for constraining models of the solar atmosphere.
|
|
| 11. |
- da Silva Santos, João Manuel, et al.
(författare)
-
ALMA observations of transient heating in a solar active region
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 643
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims. We aim to investigate the temperature enhancements and formation heights of solar active-region brightenings such as Ellerman bombs (EBs), ultraviolet bursts (UVBs), and flaring active-region fibrils (FAFs) using interferometric observations in the millimeter (mm) continuum provided by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA).Methods. We examined 3 mm signatures of heating events identified in Solar Dynamics Observatory observations of an active region and compared the results with synthetic spectra from a 3D radiative magnetohydrodynamic simulation. We estimated the contribution from the corona to the mm brightness using differential emission measure analysis.Results. We report the null detection of EBs in the 3 mm continuum at ∼1.2″ spatial resolution, which is evidence that they are sub-canopy events that do not significantly contribute to heating the upper chromosphere. In contrast, we find the active region to be populated with multiple compact, bright, flickering mm-bursts – reminiscent of UVBs. The high brightness temperatures of up to ∼14 200 K in some events have a contribution (up to ∼7%) from the corona. We also detect FAF-like events in the 3 mm continuum. These events show rapid motions of > 10 kK plasma launched with high plane-of-sky velocities (37 − 340 km s−1) from bright kernels. The mm FAFs are the brightest class of warm canopy fibrils that connect magnetic regions of opposite polarities. The simulation confirms that ALMA should be able to detect the mm counterparts of UVBs and small flares and thus provide a complementary diagnostic for localized heating in the solar chromosphere.
|
|
| 12. |
- da Silva Santos, João Manuel, 1992-
(författare)
-
Constraints on the gas temperature in the solaratmosphere from multiwavelength inversions
- 2018
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this Licentiate thesis I review the properties of the solar atmosphere and the diagnostic value ofdifferent spectral lines in the visible and ultraviolet (UV) along with the millimeter (mm) continua in theelectromagnetic spectrum of the Sun.While the solar atmosphere has been routinely observed in high-resolution from ground-based opti-cal telescopes such as the Swedish Solar Telescope (SST), and more recently in the UV from space tele-scopes such as the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS), radio observations lag behind despitetheir great usefulness. This is likely to change thanks to the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA)that only started observing the Sun in 2016 with a few limitations, but the first results are promising.ALMA observations probe the solar chromosphere at different heights by tuning into slightly differentfrequencies at potentially milliarcsecond scales if the full array is able to operate with the longest base-lines. This new spectral window onto the Sun is expected to advance various fields of research suchas wave propagation and oscillations in the chromosphere, thermal structure of filaments/prominences,triggering of flares and microflares, and more generally chromospheric and coronal heating, because themm-intensities can be modelled by simply assuming local-thermodynamic equilibrium.In da Silva Santos et al. (2018) we find that coordinated observations from SST, IRIS and ALMA willpermit us to estimate with greater accuracy the full thermodynamical state of the plasma as a functionof optical depth based on experiments with a snapshot of a three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamicsimulation of the Sun’s atmosphere. Particularly, the mm-continuum improves the accuracy of inferredtemperatures in the chromosphere. Here we expand on the Why and How this can be done. The goal isto better constrain the temperature stratification in the solar atmosphere in order to understand chromo-spheric heating.
|
|
| 13. |
- da Silva Santos, João Manuel, 1992-, et al.
(författare)
-
Heating of the solar chromosphere through current dissipation
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 661
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. The solar chromosphere is heated to temperatures higher than predicted by radiative equilibrium. This excess heating is greater in active regions where the magnetic field is stronger.Aims. We aim to investigate the magnetic topology associated with an area of enhanced millimeter (mm) brightness temperatures in a solar active region mapped by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) using spectropolarimetric co-observations with the 1-m Swedish Solar Telescope (SST).Methods. We used Milne–Eddington inversions, nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium (non-LTE) inversions, and a magnetohydrostatic extrapolation to obtain constraints on the three-dimensional (3D) stratification of temperature, magnetic field, and radiative energy losses. We compared the observations to a snapshot of a magnetohydrodynamics simulation and investigate the formation of the thermal continuum at 3 mm using contribution functions.Results. We find enhanced heating rates in the upper chromosphere of up to ∼5 kW m−2, where small-scale emerging loops interact with the overlying magnetic canopy leading to current sheets as shown by the magnetic field extrapolation. Our estimates are about a factor of two higher than canonical values, but they are limited by the ALMA spatial resolution (∼1.2″). Band 3 brightness temperatures reach about ∼104 K in the region, and the transverse magnetic field strength inferred from the non-LTE inversions is on the order of ∼500 G in the chromosphere.Conclusions. We are able to quantitatively reproduce many of the observed features including the integrated radiative losses in our numerical simulation. We conclude that the heating is caused by dissipation in current sheets. However, the simulation shows a complex stratification in the flux emergence region where distinct layers may contribute significantly to the emission in the mm continuum.
|
|
| 14. |
- da Silva Santos, Joäo Manuel, et al.
(författare)
-
Temperature constraints from inversions of synthetic solar optical, UV, and radio spectra
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 620
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. High-resolution observations of the solar chromosphere at millimeter wavelengths are now possible with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA), bringing with them the promise of tackling many open problems in solar physics. Observations from other ground and space-based telescopes will greatly benefit from coordinated endeavors with ALMA, yet the diagnostic potential of combined optical, ultraviolet and mm observations has remained mostly unassessed. Aims. In this paper we investigate whether mm-wavelengths could aid current inversion schemes to retrieve a more accurate representation of the temperature structure of the solar atmosphere. Methods. We performed several non-LTE inversion experiments of the emergent spectra from a snapshot of 3D radiation-MHD simulation. We included common line diagnostics such as Ca II K, 8542 angstrom and Mg II h and k, taking into account partial frequency redistribution effects, along with the continuum around 1.2 mm and 3 mm. Results. We find that including the mm-continuum in inversions allows a more accurate inference of temperature as function of optical depth. The addition of ALMA bands to other diagnostics should improve the accuracy of the inferred chromospheric temperatures between log tau similar to [-6, -4.5] where the Ca II and Mg II lines are weakly coupled to the local conditions. However, we find that simultaneous multiatom, non-LTE inversions of optical and UV lines present equally strong constraints in the lower chromosphere and thus are not greatly improved by the 1.2 mm band. Nonetheless, the 3 mm band is still needed to better constrain the mid-upper chromosphere.
|
|
| 15. |
- da Silva Santos, Joäo Manuel, et al.
(författare)
-
The multi-thermal chromosphere Inversions of ALMA and IRIS data
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 634
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. Numerical simulations of the solar chromosphere predict a diverse thermal structure with both hot and cool regions. Observations of plage regions in particular typically feature broader and brighter chromospheric lines, which suggests that they are formed in hotter and denser conditions than in the quiet Sun, but also implies a nonthermal component whose source is unclear. Aims. We revisit the problem of the stratification of temperature and microturbulence in plage and the quiet Sun, now adding millimeter (mm) continuum observations provided by the Atacama Large Millimiter Array (ALMA) to inversions of near-ultraviolet Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) spectra as a powerful new diagnostic to disentangle the two parameters. We fit cool chromospheric holes and track the fast evolution of compact mm brightenings in the plage region. Methods. We use the STiC nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) inversion code to simultaneously fit real ultraviolet and mm spectra in order to infer the thermodynamic parameters of the plasma. Results. We confirm the anticipated constraining potential of ALMA in NLTE inversions of the solar chromosphere. We find significant differences between the inversion results of IRIS data alone compared to the results of a combination with the mm data: the IRIS+ALMA inversions have increased contrast and temperature range, and tend to favor lower values of microturbulence (similar to 3-6 km s(-1) in plage compared to similar to 4-7 km s(-1) from IRIS alone) in the chromosphere. The average brightness temperature of the plage region at 1.25 mm is 8500 K, but the ALMA maps also show much cooler (similar to 3000 K) and hotter (similar to 11000 K) evolving features partially seen in other diagnostics. To explain the former, the inversions require the existence of localized low-temperature regions in the chromosphere where molecules such as CO could form. The hot features could sustain such high temperatures due to non-equilibrium hydrogen ionization effects in a shocked chromosphere - a scenario that is supported by low-frequency shock wave patterns found in the MgII lines probed by IRIS.
|
|
| 16. |
- Ercan, Ayse Bahar, et al.
(författare)
-
Clinical and biological landscape of constitutional mismatch-repair deficiency syndrome: an International Replication Repair Deficiency Consortium cohort study.
- 2024
-
Ingår i: The Lancet. Oncology. - 1474-5488. ; 25:5, s. 668-682
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Constitutional mismatch repair deficiency (CMMRD) syndrome is a rare and aggressive cancer predisposition syndrome. Because a scarcity of data on this condition contributes to management challenges and poor outcomes, we aimed to describe the clinical spectrum, cancer biology, and impact of genetics on patient survival in CMMRD.In this cohort study, we collected cross-sectional and longitudinal data on all patients with CMMRD, with no age limits, registered with the International Replication Repair Deficiency Consortium (IRRDC) across more than 50 countries. Clinical data were extracted from the IRRDC database, medical records, and physician-completed case record forms. The primary objective was to describe the clinical features, cancer spectrum, and biology of the condition. Secondary objectives included estimations of cancer incidence and of the impact of the specific mismatch-repair gene and genotype on cancer onset and survival, including after cancer surveillance and immunotherapy interventions.We analysed data from 201 patients (103 males, 98 females) enrolled between June 5, 2007 and Sept 9, 2022. Median age at diagnosis of CMMRD or a related cancer was 8·9 years (IQR 5·9-12·6), and median follow-up from diagnosis was 7·2 years (3·6-14·8). Endogamy among minorities and closed communities contributed to high homozygosity within countries with low consanguinity. Frequent dermatological manifestations (117 [93%] of 126 patients with complete data) led to a clinical overlap with neurofibromatosis type 1 (35 [28%] of 126). 339 cancers were reported in 194 (97%) of 201 patients. The cumulative cancer incidence by age 18 years was 90% (95% CI 80-99). Median time between cancer diagnoses for patients with more than one cancer was 1·9 years (IQR 0·8-3·9). Neoplasms developed in 15 organs and included early-onset adult cancers. CNS tumours were the most frequent (173 [51%] cancers), followed by gastrointestinal (75 [22%]), haematological (61 [18%]), and other cancer types (30 [9%]). Patients with CNS tumours had the poorest overall survival rates (39% [95% CI 30-52] at 10 years from diagnosis; log-rank p<0·0001 across four cancer types), followed by those with haematological cancers (67% [55-82]), gastrointestinal cancers (89% [81-97]), and other solid tumours (96% [88-100]). All cancers showed high mutation and microsatellite indel burdens, and pathognomonic mutational signatures. MLH1 or MSH2 variants caused earlier cancer onset than PMS2 or MSH6 variants, and inferior survival (overall survival at age 15 years 63% [95% CI 55-73] for PMS2, 49% [35-68] for MSH6, 19% [6-66] for MLH1, and 0% for MSH2; p<0·0001). Frameshift or truncating variants within the same gene caused earlier cancers and inferior outcomes compared with missense variants (p<0·0001). The greater deleterious effects of MLH1 and MSH2 variants as compared with PMS2 and MSH6 variants persisted despite overall improvements in survival after surveillance or immune checkpoint inhibitor interventions.The very high cancer burden and unique genomic landscape of CMMRD highlight the benefit of comprehensive assays in timely diagnosis and precision approaches toward surveillance and immunotherapy. These data will guide the clinical management of children and patients who survive into adulthood with CMMRD.The Canadian Institutes for Health Research, Stand Up to Cancer, Children's Oncology Group National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program, Canadian Cancer Society, Brain Canada, The V Foundation for Cancer Research, BioCanRx, Harry and Agnieszka Hall, Meagan's Walk, BRAINchild Canada, The LivWise Foundation, St Baldrick Foundation, Hold'em for Life, and Garron Family Cancer Center.
|
|
| 17. |
- Gato, Jorge, et al.
(författare)
-
Psychosocial Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Mental Health Among LGBTQ plus Young Adults : A Cross-Cultural Comparison Across Six Nations
- 2022
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Sexual Health. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1931-7611 .- 1931-762X. ; 34:Suppl. 1, s. 105-105
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Across the world, people have seen their lives interrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Using an online survey, we explored how the psychosocial effects of the pandemic affected the mental health of LGBTQþ young adults who were confined with their parents during the lockdown period (N ¼ 1,934), from six countries: Portugal, UK, Italy, Brazil, Chile, and Sweden.South American participants experienced more negative psychosocial effects of the pandemic. Depression and anxiety were higher among participants who were younger, not working, living in Europe and who reported feeling more emotionally affected by the pandemic, uncomfortable at home, or isolated from non-LGBTQ friends.Not attending higher education predicted depression while not being totally confined at home, residing habitually with parents, and fearing more future infec-tion predicted anxiety. LGBTQþ community groups, as well as health and educational services should remain particularly attentive to the needs of LGBTQþ young adults during health crises.Conflict of Interest and Disclosure Statement: No conflict of interest
|
|
| 18. |
- Gato, Jorge, et al.
(författare)
-
Psychosocial Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Mental Health among LGBTQ+ Young Adults : A Cross-Cultural Comparison across Six Nations
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of Homosexuality. - : Haworth Press. - 0091-8369 .- 1540-3602. ; 68:4, s. 612-630
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Across the world, people have seen their lives interrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Using an online survey, we explored how the psychosocial effects of the pandemic affected the mental health of LGBTQ+ young adults who were confined with their parents during the lockdown period (N = 1,934), from six countries: Portugal, UK, Italy, Brazil, Chile, and Sweden. South American participants experienced more negative psychosocial effects of the pandemic. Depression and anxiety were higher among participants who were younger, not working, living in Europe and who reported feeling more emotionally affected by the pandemic, uncomfortable at home, or isolated from non-LGBTQ friends. Not attending higher education predicted depression while not being totally confined at home, residing habitually with parents, and fearing more future infection predicted anxiety. LGBTQ+ community groups, as well as health and educational services should remain particularly attentive to the needs of LGBTQ+ young adults during health crises.
|
|
| 19. |
- Hernández-Jiménez, Macaarena, et al.
(författare)
-
APRIL : A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, Phase Ib/IIa clinical study of ApTOLL for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Neurology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-2295. ; 14
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the reperfusion era, a new paradigm of treating patients with endovascular treatment (EVT) and neuroprotective drugs is emerging as a promising therapeutic option for patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). In this context, ApTOLL, a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) antagonist with proven neuroprotective effect in preclinical models of stroke and a very good pharmacokinetic and safety profile in healthy volunteers, is a promising first-in-class aptamer with the potential to address this huge unmet need. This protocol establishes the clinical trial procedures to conduct a Phase Ib/IIa clinical study (APRIL) to assess ApTOLL tolerability, safety, pharmacokinetics, and biological effect in patients with AIS who are eligible for EVT. This will be a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, Phase Ib/IIa clinical study to evaluate the administration of ApTOLL together with EVT in patients with AIS. The study population will be composed of men and non-pregnant women with confirmed AIS with a <6h window from symptoms onset to ApTOLL/placebo administration. The trial is currently being conducted and is divided into two parts: Phase Ib and Phase IIa. In Phase Ib, 32 patients will be allocated to four dose ascending levels to select, based on safety criteria, the best two doses to be administered in the following Phase IIa in which 119 patients will be randomized to three arms of treatment (dose A, dose B, and placebo).
|
|
| 20. |
- Hudson, Lawrence N, et al.
(författare)
-
The database of the PREDICTS (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems) project
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Ecology and Evolution. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2045-7758. ; 7:1, s. 145-188
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The PREDICTS project-Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems (www.predicts.org.uk)-has collated from published studies a large, reasonably representative database of comparable samples of biodiversity from multiple sites that differ in the nature or intensity of human impacts relating to land use. We have used this evidence base to develop global and regional statistical models of how local biodiversity responds to these measures. We describe and make freely available this 2016 release of the database, containing more than 3.2 million records sampled at over 26,000 locations and representing over 47,000 species. We outline how the database can help in answering a range of questions in ecology and conservation biology. To our knowledge, this is the largest and most geographically and taxonomically representative database of spatial comparisons of biodiversity that has been collated to date; it will be useful to researchers and international efforts wishing to model and understand the global status of biodiversity.
|
|
| 21. |
- Kehoe, Laura, et al.
(författare)
-
Make EU trade with Brazil sustainable
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 364:6438, s. 341-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 22. |
|
|
| 23. |
- Otero, Jaime, et al.
(författare)
-
Basin-scale phenology and effects of climate variability on global timing of initial seaward migration of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 20:1, s. 61-75
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Migrations between different habitats are key events in the lives of many organisms. Such movements involve annually recurring travel over long distances usually triggered by seasonal changes in the environment. Often, the migration is associated with travel to or from reproduction areas to regions of growth. Young anadromous Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) emigrate from freshwater nursery areas during spring and early summer to feed and grow in the North Atlantic Ocean. The transition from the freshwater ('parr') stage to the migratory stage where they descend streams and enter salt water ('smolt') is characterized by morphological, physiological and behavioural changes where the timing of this parr-smolt transition is cued by photoperiod and water temperature. Environmental conditions in the freshwater habitat control the downstream migration and contribute to within- and among-river variation in migratory timing. Moreover, the timing of the freshwater emigration has likely evolved to meet environmental conditions in the ocean as these affect growth and survival of the post-smolts. Using generalized additive mixed-effects modelling, we analysed spatio-temporal variations in the dates of downstream smolt migration in 67 rivers throughout the North Atlantic during the last five decades and found that migrations were earlier in populations in the east than the west. After accounting for this spatial effect, the initiation of the downstream migration among rivers was positively associated with freshwater temperatures, up to about 10 °C and levelling off at higher values, and with sea-surface temperatures. Earlier migration occurred when river discharge levels were low but increasing. On average, the initiation of the smolt seaward migration has occurred 2.5 days earlier per decade throughout the basin of the North Atlantic. This shift in phenology matches changes in air, river, and ocean temperatures, suggesting that Atlantic salmon emigration is responding to the current global climate changes.
|
|
| 24. |
- Quaglia, Federica, et al.
(författare)
-
DisProt in 2022 : improved quality and accessibility of protein intrinsic disorder annotation
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Nucleic Acids Research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0305-1048 .- 1362-4962. ; 50:D1, s. D480-D487
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Database of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins (DisProt, URL: https://disprot.org) is the major repository of manually curated annotations of intrinsically disordered proteins and regions from the literature. We report here recent updates of DisProt version 9, including a restyled web interface, refactored Intrinsically Disordered Proteins Ontology (IDPO), improvements in the curation process and significant content growth of around 30%. Higher quality and consistency of annotations is provided by a newly implemented reviewing process and training of curators. The increased curation capacity is fostered by the integration of DisProt with APICURON, a dedicated resource for the proper attribution and recognition of biocuration efforts. Better interoperability is provided through the adoption of the Minimum Information About Disorder (MIADE) standard, an active collaboration with the Gene Ontology (GO) and Evidence and Conclusion Ontology (ECO) consortia and the support of the ELIXIR infrastructure.
|
|
| 25. |
- Santos, Arnoldo, et al.
(författare)
-
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome deteriorates pulmonary vascular efficiency and increases cardiac energy wasting in a porcine model.
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Right ventricle failure worsen outcomes in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, the pathophysiology of right ventricle failure and vascular dysfunction in ARDS is not completely understood. In this study we aim to evaluate the effects of early ARDS on pulmonary vascular efficiency for transmission of flow and pressure in an experimental animal model. Methods: ARDS was induced in 10 pigs (32.5±4.3 kg) combining saline lung-lavages with injurious mechanical ventilation. Pressure and flow sensors were placed at the main pulmonary artery for pulmonary vascular function evaluation, including arterial load parameters, cardiac power and energy transmission ratio.Results: Compared to baseline healthy conditions, ARDS increased pulmonary vascular resistance (199±62 versus 524±154 dyn.s.cm-5, p <0.001), effective arterial elastance (0.65±0.26 versus 1.13±0.36 mmHg/ml, p <0.001) and total hydraulic power (195±60 to 266±87 mW, p =0.015), decreased pulmonary arterial compliance (from 2.34±0.86 to 1.00±0.25 ml/mmHg, p <0.001) and energy transmission ratio (68±15 versus 55±14%, p = 0.014), whereas oscillatory power did not change (17±6 versus 16±6%, p = 0.359).Conclusions: In this experimental ARDS model, an increase in pulmonary arterial load was associated with a higher cardiac power and a decrease in the energy transmission ratio. These results suggest that right ventricle energy consumption is increased and part of this energy is wasted in pulmonary circulation worsening pulmonary vascular efficiency in the early course of ARDS. These findings may help to explain primary mechanisms leading to right ventricle dysfunction in ARDS.
|
|
| 26. |
- Santos, Arnoldo, et al.
(författare)
-
ARDS Decreases Pulmonary Artery Compliance in a Porcine Model
- 2016
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. - 1073-449X .- 1535-4970. ; 93
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rationale: Importance of pulmonary hemodynamic disarrangements in ARDS has been remarked recently. In this study we describe the effect of ARDS on pulmonary artery compliance and the related effect on pulmonary hemodynamics. In this way we highlight the importance of pulsatile hemodynamic evaluation beyond the classic evaluation based only on resistance.Methods: 17 anesthetized and muscle relaxed pigs were monitored with a transonic flow probe and high fidelity micro-tip pressure sensor placed in the pulmonary artery through a small thoracotomy. An experimental model of ARDS was induced in these animals by means of lung saline lavages followed by two hours of injurious mechanical ventilation. Pulmonary artery compliance was measured as the stroke volume divided by the pulse pressure. Waveform analysis of pulmonary artery pressure and flow signal was applied to calculate the following variables: first harmonic impedance magnitude (inversely related with arterial compliance), characteristic impedance, wave reflections (which are affected by arterial compliance) magnitude and peak and foot arrival time (normalized to cardiac period). These variables are related to the pulmonary vessels efficiency to transmit pressure and flow produced by the right ventricle. In addition, pulmonary vascular resistance was evaluated as usual. Variables were evaluated before (Baseline) and after (ARDS) development of the model.Results: Comparing with Baseline, ARDS provoked a decrease in pulmonary artery compliance (3.03±0.99 vs 1.53±0.41 ml/mmHg, p<0.001), and in the wave reflections arrival time of foot (0.18±0.09 vs 0.11±0.05, p<0.001) and peak (0.50±0.12 vs 0.39±0.10, p< 0.001) and an increase in the impedance magnitude of the first harmonic (80±29 vs 145±38 dyn.s.cm-5, p<0.001) and in the pulmonary vascular resistance (230±79 vs 504±129 dyn.s.cm-5, p<0.001). Characteristic impedance and wave reflections magnitude showed no differences.Conclusions: In this porcine model, ARDS provoked a decrease in pulmonary artery compliance. This effect was followed by a deterioration of pulmonary vascular efficiency. Our findings can be relevant for the pathophysiology of right ventricle failure during ARDS. This abstract is funded by: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM), Basic Science Award 2012, the Swedish Heart and Lung foundation and the Swedish Research Council (K2015-99X-22731-01-4)
|
|
| 27. |
- Santos, Arnoldo, et al.
(författare)
-
Cyclic Changes of Pulmonary Vascular Mechanics During mechanical ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome. A porcine experimental model.
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objective: To test the hypothesis that acute respiratory syndrome (ARDS) worsens pulmonary vascular mechanics during the respiratory cycle under mechanical ventilation in an animal model. Design: Experimental study.Setting: Animal research laboratory.Subjects: 6 pigs, 31.7 ± 5.4 kg.Interventions: ARDS was induced by combining saline lung-lavages with injurious mechanical ventilation. Pressure and flow sensors were placed at the main pulmonary artery (PA) and signals were collected simultaneously with airway pressure and flow. Pulmonary vascular mechanics and cardiac function parameters were calculates beat by beat during 2-3 minutes. We designed a novel method to quantify how the calculated variables behave during the whole respiratory cycle, i.e., during expiration and during inspiration. Results are expressed as the mean value during the corresponding phase of the respiratory cycle.Measurements and Main Results: During the whole respiratory cycle and at expiration ARDS decreased SV and arterial compliance while increased mean and pulse PA pressure, effective arterial elastance and Dp/Dtmax when compared to baseline. At baseline and after ARDS, inspiration in positive pressure ventilation caused a decrease in stroke volume (-3±1ml, p<0.001 and -3±1ml, p<0.001), pulmonary mean (-0.5±0.3, p=0.007 and -0.7±0.3mmHg, p=0.002) and pulse pressure (-0.8±0.4, p=0.003 and -1,5±0.7mmHg, p=0.003) and compliance (-0.07±0.04 and -0.04±0.00ml/mmHg, p<0.001) and an increase in resistance (34±13, p=0.001 and 50±32dyn.s.cm-5, p=0.012) and in effective arterial elastance (0.04±0.01, p=0.001 and 0.08±0.04mmHg/ml, p=0.003). ARDS produced a more pronounced inspiratory increase in effective arterial elastance (p=0.041) when compared to baseline. Positive pressure ventilation caused a decrease in Dp/Dtmax at baseline (-15±9mmHg/s, p=0.010) but this was not significant during ARDS (-27±28mmHg/s, p=0.068). Conclusions: We found in this experimental model that MV induced tidal increase in arterial load and that this effect was higher during ARDS. This finding if transferred to patients, might partly explain the high rate of right heart failure clinically in ARDS.
|
|
| 28. |
- Santos, Arnoldo, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects on Pulmonary Vascular Mechanics of Two Different Lung-Protective Ventilation Strategies in an Experimental Model of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Critical Care Medicine. - 0090-3493 .- 1530-0293. ; 45:11, s. e1157-e1164
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To compare the effects of two lung-protective ventilation strategies on pulmonary vascular mechanics in early acute respiratory distress syndrome.DESIGN: Experimental study.SETTING: University animal research laboratory.SUBJECTS: Twelve pigs (30.8 ± 2.5 kg).INTERVENTIONS: Acute respiratory distress syndrome was induced by repeated lung lavages and injurious mechanical ventilation. Thereafter, animals were randomized to 4 hours ventilation according to the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network protocol or to an open lung approach strategy. Pressure and flow sensors placed at the pulmonary artery trunk allowed continuous assessment of pulmonary artery resistance, effective elastance, compliance, and reflected pressure waves. Respiratory mechanics and gas exchange data were collected.MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Acute respiratory distress syndrome led to pulmonary vascular mechanics deterioration. Four hours after randomization, pulmonary vascular mechanics was similar in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network and open lung approach: resistance (578 ± 252 vs 626 ± 153 dyn.s/cm; p = 0.714), effective elastance, (0.63 ± 0.22 vs 0.58 ± 0.17 mm Hg/mL; p = 0.710), compliance (1.19 ± 0.8 vs 1.50 ± 0.27 mL/mm Hg; p = 0.437), and reflection index (0.36 ± 0.04 vs 0.34 ± 0.09; p = 0.680). Open lung approach as compared to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network was associated with improved dynamic respiratory compliance (17.3 ± 2.6 vs 10.5 ± 1.3 mL/cm H2O; p < 0.001), driving pressure (9.6 ± 1.3 vs 19.3 ± 2.7 cm H2O; p < 0.001), and venous admixture (0.05 ± 0.01 vs 0.22 ± 0.03, p < 0.001) and lower mean pulmonary artery pressure (26 ± 3 vs 34 ± 7 mm Hg; p = 0.045) despite of using a higher positive end-expiratory pressure (17.4 ± 0.7 vs 9.5 ± 2.4 cm H2O; p < 0.001). Cardiac index, however, was lower in open lung approach (1.42 ± 0.16 vs 2.27 ± 0.48 L/min; p = 0.005).CONCLUSIONS: In this experimental model, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network and open lung approach affected pulmonary vascular mechanics similarly. The use of higher positive end-expiratory pressures in the open lung approach strategy did not worsen pulmonary vascular mechanics, improved lung mechanics, and gas exchange but at the expense of a lower cardiac index.
|
|
| 29. |
- Santos, Arnoldo, et al.
(författare)
-
Impact of respiratory cycle during mechanical ventilation on beat-to-beat right ventricle stroke volume estimation by pulmonary artery pulse wave analysis
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Intensive Care Medicine Experimental. - : Springer. - 2197-425X. ; 12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The same principle behind pulse wave analysis can be applied on the pulmonary artery (PA) pressure waveform to estimate right ventricle stroke volume (RVSV). However, the PA pressure waveform might be influenced by the direct transmission of the intrathoracic pressure changes throughout the respiratory cycle caused by mechanical ventilation (MV), potentially impacting the reliability of PA pulse wave analysis (PAPWA). We assessed a new method that minimizes the direct effect of the MV on continuous PA pressure measurements and enhances the reliability of PAPWA in tracking beat-to-beat RVSV.Methods: Continuous PA pressure and flow were simultaneously measured for 2-3 min in 5 pigs using a high-fidelity micro-tip catheter and a transonic flow sensor around the PA trunk, both pre and post an experimental ARDS model. RVSV was estimated by PAPWA indexes such as pulse pressure (SVPP), systolic area (SVSystAUC) and standard deviation (SVSD) beat-to-beat from both corrected and non-corrected PA signals. The reference RVSV was derived from the PA flow signal (SVref).Results: The reliability of PAPWA in tracking RVSV on a beat-to-beat basis was enhanced after accounting for the direct impact of intrathoracic pressure changes induced by MV throughout the respiratory cycle. This was evidenced by an increase in the correlation between SVref and RVSV estimated by PAPWA under healthy conditions: rho between SVref and non-corrected SVSD - 0.111 (0.342), corrected SVSD 0.876 (0.130), non-corrected SVSystAUC 0.543 (0.141) and corrected SVSystAUC 0.923 (0.050). Following ARDS, correlations were SVref and non-corrected SVSD - 0.033 (0.262), corrected SVSD 0.839 (0.077), non-corrected SVSystAUC 0.483 (0.114) and corrected SVSystAUC 0.928 (0.026). Correction also led to reduced limits of agreement between SVref and SVSD and SVSystAUC in the two evaluated conditions.Conclusions: In our experimental model, we confirmed that correcting for mechanical ventilation induced changes during the respiratory cycle improves the performance of PAPWA for beat-to-beat estimation of RVSV compared to uncorrected measurements. This was demonstrated by a better correlation and agreement between the actual SV and the obtained from PAPWA.
|
|
| 30. |
- Tontini, Gerson, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
-
How to use spontaneous customer comments to identify nonlinear background of satisfaction with restaurant services
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Benchmarking. - Bingley : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1463-5771 .- 1758-4094. ; 29:2, s. 496-521
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The purpose of this study is to demonstrate how to use customer spontaneous comments to identify which aspects influence the overall customer satisfaction with restaurant services from a nonlinear perspective. Design/methodology/approach: The authors collected data from 399 spontaneous comments about a chain of fast-food restaurants in Brazil. The comments are freely available on the TripAdvisor portal and were extracted and classified according to seven dimensions related to the quality of services: tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, quality of the food and price. Next, the authors combine the critical incident technique (CIT) and the penalty-reward contrast analysis (PRCA) to investigate the nonlinear relationship between service quality assessment and overall customer satisfaction. Findings: The method of integrating CIT with PRCA explains 64.7% of the variation in the customer's assessment of the services provided (R2Adj = 0.647). This shows that spontaneous comments from customers are related to their overall satisfaction with the service provided. Besides, the findings suggest that consumers tend to comment more about positive than negative experiences regarding aspects related to food, attendants' empathy and service assurance, and more negative comments about aspects related to responsiveness and price. However, it was found that negative comments have a stronger influence on overall satisfaction than positive comments. Originality/value: Using comments available for free on the Internet and evaluating how positive and negative comments can jointly influence customer satisfaction, the proposed methodology demonstrates how restaurants can use their customers' spontaneous comments to identify critical aspects to be managed and improved. To the best of authors’ knowledge, this is the first study presenting how restaurants can use customer spontaneous comments, freely available on the internet, to identify the relevance of different aspects of the services provided from a nonlinear perspective. In addition, the present study shows that although customers spontaneously tend to share more positive than negative comments about restaurant services, events related to negative experiences have a stronger influence on overall satisfaction. © 2021, Emerald Publishing Limited.
|
|
| 31. |
- Vázquez, Inês, et al.
(författare)
-
Psychological Adjustment Profiles of LGBTQ+ Young Adults Residing with Their Parents during the COVID-19 Pandemic : An International Study
- 2023
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 20:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with poor mental health symptoms, particularly among vulnerable populations such as LGBTQ+ individuals. In the present study, we aimed to (i) identify different psychological adjustment profiles among LGBTQ+ young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic and compare LGBTQ+ young adults in relation to (ii) sociodemographic characteristics and COVID-19-related experiences and (iii) the internal and external protective resources associated with each adjustment profile. An online questionnaire was administered to 1699 LGBTQ+ young adults from six countries (Brazil, Chile, Italy, Portugal, Sweden, and the UK). A cluster analysis was conducted, and four profiles of psychological adjustment were identified: unchallenged, resilient, distressed, and at-risk. The at-risk cluster scored lowest in social support (particularly from family). The profiles of participants who experienced the highest levels of pandemic adversity (at-risk and resilient) comprised mostly South American participants, those under lockdown at the time of survey completion, those who self-identified as transgender and non-binary, and those with a plurisexual sexual orientation. Interventions should consider strategies to help young adults maintain support systems and reinforce the value of positive family relationships. Specific groups within the LGBTQ+ community that seem to be in a particularly vulnerable situation may need additional tailored support.
|
|
| 32. |
- Vissers, Gregal J. M., et al.
(författare)
-
Active region chromospheric magnetic fields : Observational inference versus magnetohydrostatic modelling
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 662
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. A proper estimate of the chromospheric magnetic fields is thought to improve modelling of both active region and coronal mass ejection evolution. However, because the chromospheric field is not regularly obtained for sufficiently large fields of view, estimates thereof are commonly obtained through data-driven models or field extrapolations, based on photospheric boundary conditions alone and involving pre-processing that may reduce details and dynamic range in the magnetograms.Aims. We investigate the similarity between the chromospheric magnetic field that is directly inferred from observations and the field obtained from a magnetohydrostatic (MHS) extrapolation based on a high-resolution photospheric magnetogram.Methods. Based on Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope Fe I 6173 Å and Ca II 8542 Å observations of NOAA active region 12723, we employed the spatially regularised weak-field approximation (WFA) to derive the vector magnetic field in the chromosphere from Ca II, as well as non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (non-LTE) inversions of Fe I and Ca II to infer a model atmosphere for selected regions. Milne-Eddington inversions of Fe I serve as photospheric boundary conditions for the MHS model that delivers the three-dimensional field, gas pressure, and density self-consistently.Results. For the line-of-sight component, the MHS chromospheric field generally agrees with the non-LTE inversions and WFA, but tends to be weaker by 16% on average than these when larger in magnitude than 300 G. The observationally inferred transverse component is systematically stronger, up to an order of magnitude in magnetically weaker regions, but the qualitative distribution with height is similar to the MHS results. For either field component, the MHS chromospheric field lacks the fine structure derived from the inversions. Furthermore, the MHS model does not recover the magnetic imprint from a set of high fibrils connecting the main polarities.Conclusions. The MHS extrapolation and WFA provide a qualitatively similar chromospheric field, where the azimuth of the former is better aligned with Ca II 8542 Å fibrils than that of the WFA, especially outside strong-field concentrations. The amount of structure as well as the transverse field strengths are, however, underestimated by the MHS extrapolation. This underscores the importance of considering a chromospheric magnetic field constraint in data-driven modelling of active regions, particularly in the context of space weather predictions.
|
|
| 33. |
- Wedemeyer, Sven, et al.
(författare)
-
Prospects and challenges of numerical modeling of the Sun at millimeter wavelengths
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-987X. ; 9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) offers new diagnostic possibilities that complement other commonly used diagnostics for the study of the Sun. In particular, ALMA’s ability to serve as an essentially linear thermometer of the chromospheric gas at unprecedented spatial resolution at millimeter wavelengths and future polarization measurements has great diagnostic potential. Solar ALMA observations are therefore expected to contribute significantly to answering long-standing questions about the structure, dynamics, and energy balance of the outer layers of the solar atmosphere. In this regard, current and future ALMA data are also important for constraining and further developing numerical models of the solar atmosphere, which in turn are often vital for the interpretation of observations. The latter is particularly important given the Sun’s highly intermittent and dynamic nature that involves a plethora of processes occurring over extended ranges in spatial and temporal scales. Realistic forward modeling of the Sun therefore requires time-dependent three-dimensional radiation magnetohydrodynamics that account for non-equilibrium effects and, typically as a separate step, detailed radiative transfer calculations, resulting in synthetic observables that can be compared to observations. Such artificial observations sometimes also account for instrumental and seeing effects, which, in addition to aiding the interpretation of observations, provide instructive tools for designing and optimizing ALMA’s solar observing modes. In the other direction, ALMA data in combination with other simultaneous observations enable the reconstruction of the solar atmospheric structure via data inversion techniques. This article highlights central aspects of the impact of ALMA for numerical modeling of the Sun and their potential and challenges, together with selected examples.
|
|
