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- Savolainen, S, et al.
(författare)
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Sex specific expression of progesterone receptor in mouse lower urinary tract
- 2005
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Ingår i: Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-8057 .- 0303-7207. ; 230:1-2, s. 17-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Progesterone receptor (PR) was investigated immunohistochemically in the lower urinary tract of the male and female mouse. Estrogen receptor (ER)-subtype-deficient mice (ERKO, BERKO) were used to determine the possible regulation of PR expression in an ER-subtype-specific manner. PR was found to be co-expressed with ERgreek small letter alpha in cell nuclei of urothelium, lamina propria fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells in the female urethra. Only few PR positive cells were seen in female ERKO mice. Ovariectomy reduced and estrogen treatment restored the urethral PR expression in female wild type and BERKO mice. Thus, the expression of PR in the female urethra is estrogen-inducible via ERgreek small letter alpha. In male urethra, PR was co-expressed with ERβ in the rhabdosphincter. In male, no evidence was obtained for the ER-linked control of the PR expression. No PR-positive cells were observed in the body of the bladder of either sex or any strain.
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- Streng, Tomi, et al.
(författare)
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A dose-dependent dual effect of oestrogen on voiding in the male mouse?
- 2005
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Ingår i: BJU International. - 1464-4096. ; 96:7, s. 1126-1130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To explore the effect of different degrees of oestrogenization on male voiding, by treating adult castrated and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-maintained male mice with different doses of oestrogens, as exposure of male mice to excessive amounts of oestrogens can cause bladder outlet obstruction (BOO); in addition, male mice lacking oestrogen receptor (ER)alpha (ERKO) or ER beta (BERKO) were studied to assess the importance of ER subtypes. Castrated, DHT-maintained adult mice were treated with 17 beta-oestradiol (E-2; 50 and 250 mu g/kg) or oestrone (E-1; 5, 50 and 500 mu g/kg) daily for 10 days. Control mice were treated only with the vehicle. BERKO and ERKO mice, and their wild-type littermates used as their controls, remained untreated. Under anaesthesia, the bladder and distal urethra were exposed to record simultaneously the bladder pressure and urinary flow rate from the distal urethra. E-2-treated mice showed obstructive voiding, seen as increased bladder pressure, decreased average flow rate and prolonged micturition time. This was also evident when a high dose (500 mu g/kg) of E-1 was used. After treatment with a dose of 50 mu g/kg, the urodynamic variables were similar to those in the control mice. Surprisingly, after treatment with a low dose (5 mu g/kg) all urodynamic variables improved. There was a minor increase in the bladder pressure in BERKO mice; ERKO mice had a significantly lower urinary flow rate. High doses of oestrogens caused BOO in castrated, DHT-maintained male mice. A small dose of E-1 had a positive effect on voiding, suggesting that oestrogens are needed for normal male voiding. Reduced urinary flow rates in ERKO mice suggest that oestrogen effects on voiding are mediated at least partly via ER alpha.
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- Streng, Tomi, et al.
(författare)
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The role of the rhabdosphincter in female rat voiding
- 2004
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Ingår i: BJU International. - : Wiley. - 1464-4096 .- 1464-410X. ; 94:1, s. 138-142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectves To obtain information on the mechanisms of female rat micturition using a model in which pressure was measured in the bladder and distal part of the urethra corresponding to the location of the rhabdosphincter, providing information on the role of the sphincter in opening and closing the urethral lumen. Materials and Methods A micturition reflex was induced in adult anaesthetized (chloral hydrate and urethane) female rats by filling the bladder with saline. Bladder pressure (BP), urethral pressure (UP), electromyography (EMG) of the middle part of the rhabdosphincter, and urinary flow rate in the distal urethra were simultaneously recorded. Results There were four phases of the micturition contraction, the second characterized by intraluminal pressure high-frequency oscillations (IPHFOs) of BP. When a non-oscillatory micturition contraction started, the BP increased and exceeded UP for the rest of the micturition contraction. Even though the BP increased during this first phase, the urethral lumen stayed closed. Its opening was indicated by a simultaneous decrease in BP and increase of UP as the fluid flowed from the bladder to the urethra. When the rhabdosphincter closed, as indicated by an EMG-burst of the muscle, the UP declined, bladder pressure increased and the flow ceased. Because of momentary contractions of the rhabdosphincter, the UP and urine flow rate had the same periodicity as the IPHFOs of BP. Conclusions The simultaneous recording of the BP, UP, EMG of the rhabdosphincter and urinary flow rate showed the sequence of events during micturition. The rhabdosphincter acts as an 'on-off' switch, causing interruptions in the urinary flow rate.
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