| 1. |
- Chirapatpimol, K, et al.
(författare)
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Precision Measurement of the p(e,e′p)π0 Reaction at Threshold
- 2015
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 114:19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- New results are reported from a measurement of π^{0} electroproduction near threshold using the p(e,e^{'}p)π^{0} reaction. The experiment was designed to determine precisely the energy dependence of s- and p-wave electromagnetic multipoles as a stringent test of the predictions of chiral perturbation theory (ChPT). The data were taken with an electron beam energy of 1192 MeV using a two-spectrometer setup in Hall A at Jefferson Lab. For the first time, complete coverage of the ϕ_{π}^{*} and θ_{π}^{*} angles in the pπ^{0} center of mass was obtained for invariant energies above threshold from 0.5 up to 15 MeV. The 4-momentum transfer Q^{2} coverage ranges from 0.05 to 0.155 (GeV/c)^{2} in fine steps. A simple phenomenological analysis of our data shows strong disagreement with p-wave predictions from ChPT for Q^{2}>0.07 (GeV/c)^{2}, while the s-wave predictions are in reasonable agreement.
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| 2. |
- Schick-Makaroff, K., et al.
(författare)
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Electronic patient-reported outcomes in clinical kidney practice (ePRO Kidney): a process evaluation of educational support for clinicians
- 2023
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Ingår i: Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease. - 2040-6223. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are increasingly mandated in kidney care to incorporate patients' perspectives.Objectives: We assessed whether educational support for clinicians using electronic (e)PROs could enhance person-centered care. Design: A process evaluation, using a mixed methods longitudinal comparative concurrent design was undertaken of educational support to clinicians on routine use of ePROs. In two urban home dialysis clinics in Alberta, Canada, patients completed ePROs. At the implementation site, clinicians were provided with ePROs and clinician-oriented education via voluntary workshops. At the non-implementation site, neither were provided. Person-centered care was measured using the Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care-20 (PACIC-20).Methods: Longitudinal structural equation models (SEMs) compared change in overall PACIC scores. The interpretive description approach, using thematic analysis of qualitative data, further evaluated processes of implementation.Results: Data were collected from questionnaires completed by 543 patients, 4 workshops, 15 focus groups, and 37 interviews. There was no overall difference in person-centered care throughout the study, including after delivery of workshops. The longitudinal SEMs revealed substantial individual-level variability in overall PACIC trajectories. However, there was no improvement at the implementation site and no difference between the sites during both the pre-and post-workshop periods. Similar results were obtained for each PACIC domain. Qualitative analysis provided insights into why there was no substantial difference between sites: (1) clinicians wanted to see kidney symptoms, not quality of life, (2) workshops were tailored to clinicians' educational needs, not patients' needs, and (3) variable use of ePRO data by clinicians.Conclusion: Training clinicians on use of ePROs is complex and likely only part of what is required to enhance person-centered care.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- van Elp, J, et al.
(författare)
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Electronic structure of MnO
- 1991
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Ingår i: Phys Rev B. ; 44:4, s. 1530-1537
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The electronic structure of MnO has been investigated using high-energy spectroscopies. An experimental gap of 3.9 eV is found. By comparing the experimental results to a configuration-interaction cluster model, values for the different parameters in a model Hamiltonian are found.
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| 5. |
- Kwon, J. Y., et al.
(författare)
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Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement in Radiation Oncology: Interpretation of Individual Scores and Change over Time in Clinical Practice
- 2022
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Ingår i: Current Oncology. - : MDPI AG. - 1198-0052 .- 1718-7729. ; 29:5, s. 3093-3103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tools for measuring patients' perceived health and quality of life, such as patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), inform clinical decisions for patients requiring radiation therapy. However, there may be inconsistencies in how patients interpret and respond to PROMs due to cultural, environmental, personal, or experiential factors. Differential item functioning (DIF) and response shift (RS) refer to differences in the meaning of PROMs between patients or over time (respectively). DIF and RS can threaten the accurate interpretation and use of PROMs, potentially resulting in erroneous conclusions about effectiveness, and flawed individual-level clinical decision-making. Given the empirical evidence of DIF and RS, we aim to review clinical implications and solutions for addressing DIF and RS by providing vignettes from collaborative examinations with workshop participants, as well as the literature. By making these methodological concepts accessible and relevant, for practice, clinicians may feel more confident to ask clarifying questions of patients when PROM scores and the contextual patient information do not align. PROM scores need to be interpreted via dialogue with the patient to avoid misinterpretation due to DIF and RS, which could diminish patient-clinician communication and impede shared decision-making. This work is part of an interdisciplinary knowledge translation initiative focused on the interpretation of PROM scores by clinically-oriented audiences.
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| 6. |
- M. A. Hossain, B. Bohnenbuck, Y. D. Chuang, M. W. Haverkort, I. S. Elfimov, A.Tanaka, A. G. Cruz Gonzalez, Z. Hu, H.-J. Lin, C. T. Chen, R. Mathieu, Y. Tokura, Y. Yoshida, L. H. Tjeng, Z. Hussain, B. Keimer, G. A. Sawatzky and A. Damascelli
(författare)
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Mott versus Slater-type metal-insulator transition in Mn-substituted Sr3Ru2O7
- 2012
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Ingår i: Physical Review B Condensed Matter. - 0163-1829 .- 1095-3795. ; 86, s. 041102(R)-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Santana, M. J., et al.
(författare)
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Improving the quality of person-centred healthcare from the patient perspective: development of person-centred quality indicators
- 2020
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Ingår i: Bmj Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 10:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Importance International efforts are being made towards a person-centred care (PCC) model, but there are currently no standardised mechanisms to measure and monitor PCC at a healthcare system level. The use of metrics to measure PCC can help to drive the changes needed to improve the quality of healthcare that is person centred. Objective To develop and validate person-centred care quality indicators (PC-QIs) measuring PCC at a healthcare system level through a synthesis of the evidence and a person-centred consensus approach to ensure the PC-QIs reflect what matters most to people in their care. Methods Existing indicators were first identified through a scoping review of the literature and an international environmental scan. Focus group discussions with diverse patients and caregivers and interviews with clinicians and experts in quality improvement allowed us to identify gaps in current measurement of PCC and inform the development of new PC-QIs. A set of identified and newly developed PC-QIs were subsequently refined by Delphi consensus process using a modified RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method. The international consensus panel consisted of patients, family members, community representatives, clinicians, researchers and healthcare quality experts. Results From an initial 39 unique evidence-based PC-QIs identified and developed, the consensus process yielded 26 final PC-QIs. These included 7 related to structure, 16 related to process, 2 related to outcome and 1 overall global PC-QI. Conclusions The final 26 evidence-based and person-informed PC-QIs can be used to measure and evaluate quality incorporating patient perspectives, empowering jurisdictions to monitor healthcare system performance and evaluate policy and practice related to PCC.
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| 9. |
- Sawatzky, Richard, et al.
(författare)
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Implications of response shift for micro-, meso-, and macro-level healthcare decision-making using results of patient-reported outcome measures
- 2021
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Ingår i: Quality of Life Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0962-9343 .- 1573-2649. ; 30:12, s. 3343-3357
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose Results of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are increasingly used to inform healthcare decision-making. Research has shown that response shift can impact PROM results. As part of an international collaboration, our goal is to provide a framework regarding the implications of response shift at the level of patient care (micro), healthcare institute (meso), and healthcare policy (macro). Methods Empirical evidence of response shift that can influence patients' self-reported health and preferences provided the foundation for development of the framework. Measurement validity theory, hermeneutic philosophy, and micro-, meso-, and macro-level healthcare decision-making informed our theoretical analysis. Results At the micro-level, patients' self-reported health needs to be interpreted via dialogue with the clinician to avoid misinterpretation of PROM data due to response shift. It is also important to consider the potential impact of response shift on study results, when these are used to support decisions. At the meso-level, individual-level data should be examined for response shift before aggregating PROM data for decision-making related to quality improvement, performance monitoring, and accreditation. At the macro-level, critical reflection on the conceptualization of health is required to know whether response shift needs to be controlled for when PROM data are used to inform healthcare coverage. Conclusion Given empirical evidence of response shift, there is a critical need for guidelines and knowledge translation to avoid potential misinterpretations of PROM results and consequential biases in decision-making. Our framework with guiding questions provides a structure for developing strategies to address potential impacts of response shift at micro-, meso-, and macro-levels.
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| 10. |
- Sawatzky, Richard, et al.
(författare)
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Response shift results of quantitative research using patient-reported outcome measures: a descriptive systematic review
- 2024
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Ingår i: Quality of Life Research. - 0962-9343. ; 33:2, s. 293-315
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeThe objective of this systematic review was to describe the prevalence and magnitude of response shift effects, for different response shift methods, populations, study designs, and patient-reported outcome measures (PROM)s.MethodsA literature search was performed in MEDLINE, PSYCINFO, CINAHL, EMBASE, Social Science Citation Index, and Dissertations & Theses Global to identify longitudinal quantitative studies that examined response shift using PROMs, published before 2021. The magnitude of each response shift effect (effect sizes, R-squared or percentage of respondents with response shift) was ascertained based on reported statistical information or as stated in the manuscript. Prevalence and magnitudes of response shift effects were summarized at two levels of analysis (study and effect levels), for recalibration and reprioritization/reconceptualization separately, and for different response shift methods, and population, study design, and PROM characteristics. Analyses were conducted twice: (a) including all studies and samples, and (b) including only unrelated studies and independent samples.ResultsOf the 150 included studies, 130 (86.7%) detected response shift effects. Of the 4868 effects investigated, 793 (16.3%) revealed response shift. Effect sizes could be determined for 105 (70.0%) of the studies for a total of 1130 effects, of which 537 (47.5%) resulted in detection of response shift. Whereas effect sizes varied widely, most median recalibration effect sizes (Cohen's d) were between 0.20 and 0.30 and median reprioritization/reconceptualization effect sizes rarely exceeded 0.15, across the characteristics. Similar results were obtained from unrelated studies.ConclusionThe results draw attention to the need to focus on understanding variability in response shift results: Who experience response shifts, to what extent, and under which circumstances?
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| 11. |
- Schick-Makaroff, K., et al.
(författare)
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An Evidence-Based Theory About PRO Use in Kidney Care: A Realist Synthesis
- 2022
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Ingår i: Patient-Patient Centered Outcomes Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1178-1653 .- 1178-1661. ; 15, s. 21-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background There is international interest on the use of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in nephrology. Objectives Our objectives were to develop a kidney-specific program theory about use of PROs in nephrology that may enhance person-centered care, both at individual and aggregated levels of care, and to test and refine this theory through a systematic review of the empirical literature. Together, these objectives articulate what works or does not work, for whom, and why. Methods Realist synthesis methodology guided the electronic database and gray literature searches (in January 2017 and October 2018), screening, and extraction conducted independently by three reviewers. Sources included all nephrology patients and/or practitioners. Through a process of extraction and synthesis, each included source was examined to assess how contexts may trigger mechanisms to influence specific outcomes. Results After screening 19,961 references, 84 theoretical and 34 empirical sources were used. PROs are proposed to be useful for providing nephrology care through three types of use. The first type is use of individual-level PRO data at point of care, receiving the majority of theoretical and empirical explorations. Clinician use to support person-centered care, and patient use to support patient engagement, are purported to improve satisfaction, health, and quality of life. Contextual factors specific to the kidney care setting that may influence the use of PRO data include the complexity of kidney disease symptom burden, symptoms that may be stigmatized, comorbidities, and time or administrative constraints in dialysis settings. Electronic collection of PROs may facilitate PRO use given these contexts. The second type is use of aggregated PRO data at point of care, including public reporting of PROs to inform decisions at point of care and improve quality of care, and use of PROs for treatment decisions. The third type is use of aggregated PRO data by organizations, including publicly available PRO data to compare centers. In single-payer systems, regular collection of PROs by dialysis centers can be achieved through economic incentives. Both the second and third types of PRO use include pressures that may trigger quality improvement processes. Conclusion The current state of the evidence is primarily theoretical. There is pressing need for empirical research to improve the evidence-base of PRO use at individual and aggregated levels of nephrology care.
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| 12. |
- Schick-Makaroff, K., et al.
(författare)
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Strategies for incorporating patient-reported outcomes in the care of people with chronic kidney disease (PRO kidney): a protocol for a realist synthesis
- 2019
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Ingår i: Systematic Reviews. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2046-4053. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Patient-reported outcomes and experience measures (jointly referred to here as PROs) are internationally recognized as a means for patients to provide information about their quality of life, symptoms, and experiences with care. Although increasingly recognized as key to improving the quality of healthcare at individual (e.g., patients, caregivers, and providers) and aggregate (e.g., government, policy/system-wide decision-making) levels, there are important knowledge gaps in our understanding of how PROs are, and can be, used across different settings, particularly in nephrology to enhance person-centered care. This knowledge is needed for developing strategies to guide optimal use of PROs in nephrology care. Currently, no strategies exist. The purpose of this review is to address this knowledge gap by answering the following realist question: How can PROs be used to enhance person-centered nephrology care, both at individual and aggregate levels? Methodology: Realist synthesis is an explanatory approach to data synthesis that aims to explain how context and mechanisms influence the outcome of an intervention. An initial program theory will be developed through the systematic search of the published literature in bibliographic databases (Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, EBSCOhost CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus) on existing theories explaining how PROs are used in healthcare settings. This initial program theory will then be tested and refined through the process of realist synthesis, using context-mechanism-outcome configurations. A kidney-specific program theory will then be created to address the utilization of PROs in nephrology across individual and aggregate levels to augment person-centered care. Searching will be iterative and refined as data is extracted and analyzed using a pilot-tested context + mechanism = outcome heuristic. Throughout, we will consult methodological experts, research team practitioners, and the Patient Advisory Committee to help refine the theories. Last, we will develop and disseminate knowledge translation products widely to knowledge user groups. Discussion: The utilization of PROs remains a challenge in nephrology. The findings from this synthesis will provide a framework to guide both policy makers and practitioners on how to enhance person-centered care through successful utilization of PROs across individual and aggregate levels in nephrology.
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| 13. |
- Schick-Makaroff, K., et al.
(författare)
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Using Patient- and Family-Reported Outcome and Experience Measures Across Transitions of Care for Frail Older Adults Living at Home: A Meta-Narrative Synthesis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Gerontologist. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0016-9013. ; 61:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Objectives: Our aim was to create a "storyline" that provides empirical explanation of stakeholders' perspectives underlying the use of patient- and family-reported outcome and experience measures to inform continuity across transitions in care for frail older adults and their family caregivers living at home. Research Design and Methods: We conducted a meta-narrative synthesis to explore stakeholder perspectives pertaining to use of patient-reported outcome and experience measures (PROMs and PREMs) across micro (patients, family caregivers, and healthcare providers), meso (organizational managers/executives/programs), and macro (decision-/policy-makers) levels in healthcare. Systematic searches identified 9,942 citations of which 40 were included based on full-text screening. Results: PROMs and PREMS (54 PROMs; 4 PREMs; 1 with PROM and PREM elements; 6 unspecified PROMs) were rarely used to inform continuity across transitions of care and were typically used independently, rarely together (n = 3). Two overarching traditions motivated stakeholders' use. The first significant motivation by diverse stakeholders to use PROMs and PREMs was the desire to restore/support independence and care at home, predominantly at a micro-level. The second motivation to using PROMs and PREMs was to evaluate health services, including cost-effectiveness of programs and hospital discharge (planning); this focus was rarely at a macro-level and more often split between micro- and meso-levels of healthcare. Discussion and Implications: The motivations underlying stakeholders' use of these tools were distinct, yet synergistic between the goals of person/family-centered care and healthcare system-level goals aimed at efficient use of health services. There is a missed opportunity here for PROMs and PREMs to be used together to inform continuity across transitions of care.
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| 14. |
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