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- Jidling, Carl, et al.
(författare)
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Screening for Chagas disease from the electrocardiogram using a deep neural network
- 2023
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Ingår i: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1935-2727 .- 1935-2735. ; 17:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chagas disease (ChD) is a neglected tropical disease, and the diagnosis relies on blood testing of patients from endemic areas. However, there is no clear recommendation on how to select patients for testing in endemic regions. Since most cases of Chronic ChD are asymptomatic, the diagnostic rates are low, preventing patients from receiving adequate treatment.The Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a widely available, low-cost exam, often available in primary care settings. We present an Artificial intelligence (AI) model for automatically detecting ChD from the ECG. AI algorithms have allowed the detection of hidden conditions on the ECG and, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that does it for ChD. We utilize large cohorts of patients from the relevant population of all-comers in affected regions in Brazil to develop a model for ChD detection that is then validated on datasets with ground truth labels obtained directly from the patients’ serological status.Our findings demonstrate a promising AI-ECG-based model for discriminating patients with chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC). The capacity of detecting ChD patients without CCC is still limited. But we believe this can be improved with the addition of epidemiological questions, and that such models can become useful tools for pre-selecting patients for further testing.
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- Rebbling, Anders, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Prediction of slag related problems during fixed bed combustion of biomass by application of a multivariate statistical approach on fuel properties and burner technology
- 2020
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Ingår i: Biomass and Bioenergy. - : Elsevier. - 0961-9534 .- 1873-2909. ; 137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Slag is related to the melting properties of ash and is affected by both the chemical composition of the fuel ash and the combustion parameters. Chemical analysis of slag from fixed bed combustion of phosphorus-poor biomass show that the main constituents are Si, Ca, K, O (and some Mg, Al, and Na), which indicates that the slag consists of different silicates. Earlier research also points out viscosity and fraction of the ash that melts, as crucial parameters for slag formation. To the authors’ knowledge, very few of the papers published to this day discuss slagging problems of different pelletized fuels combusted in multiple combustion appliances. Furthermore, no comprehensive classification of both burner technology and fuel ash parameters has been presented in the literature so far. The objective of the present paper was therefore to give a first description of a qualitative model where ash content, concentrations of main ash forming elements in the fuel and type of combustion appliance are related to slagging behaviour and potential operational problems of a biomass fuel in different small- and medium scale fixed bed appliances.Based on the results from the combustion of a wide range of pelletized biomass fuels in nine different burners, a model is presented for amount of slag formed and expected severity of operational problems. The model was validated by data collected from extensive combustion experiments and it can be concluded that the model predicts qualitative results.
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- Tobias, Deirdre K, et al.
(författare)
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Second international consensus report on gaps and opportunities for the clinical translation of precision diabetes medicine
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Medicine. - 1546-170X. ; 29:10, s. 2438-2457
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Precision medicine is part of the logical evolution of contemporary evidence-based medicine that seeks to reduce errors and optimize outcomes when making medical decisions and health recommendations. Diabetes affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide, many of whom will develop life-threatening complications and die prematurely. Precision medicine can potentially address this enormous problem by accounting for heterogeneity in the etiology, clinical presentation and pathogenesis of common forms of diabetes and risks of complications. This second international consensus report on precision diabetes medicine summarizes the findings from a systematic evidence review across the key pillars of precision medicine (prevention, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis) in four recognized forms of diabetes (monogenic, gestational, type 1, type 2). These reviews address key questions about the translation of precision medicine research into practice. Although not complete, owing to the vast literature on this topic, they revealed opportunities for the immediate or near-term clinical implementation of precision diabetes medicine; furthermore, we expose important gaps in knowledge, focusing on the need to obtain new clinically relevant evidence. Gaps include the need for common standards for clinical readiness, including consideration of cost-effectiveness, health equity, predictive accuracy, liability and accessibility. Key milestones are outlined for the broad clinical implementation of precision diabetes medicine.
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- Wöhler, Marius, et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of real life operation of biomass room heating appliances - Results of a European survey
- 2016
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Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 169, s. 240-249
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wood combustion is the main renewable heating source for European households and responsible for a large portion of the particle matter in the atmosphere. Firewood operated small-scale residential wood combustion units such as firewood stoves and tiled stoves are the most widespread wood combustion appliances in households. Next to purely technological reasons (i.e. type and age of appliance) and installation conditions (i.e. natural draft of chimney system), user behavior which includes all influences caused by the user during operation has a considerable effect on the combustion performance of room heating appliances. User behavior includes fuel related factors, different ways to ignite the fire, combustion air settings, as well as frequency and intensity of use. The objective of this work is to investigate user behavior by means of a survey. The survey aims to provide an overview as to how room heating appliances in European countries are used in real life. We performed a 28 question, multi-lingual online survey over a 14-week period. 1980 responses from 16 European countries were received. Most respondents are from Italy (35%), Germany (34%), Austria (12%) and Sweden (11%). Results were separated by heating appliance type (firewood stove, tiled stove, cooker and other firewood stove), and by country. The results show a unique and detailed glimpse as to how room heating appliances are used in real life. They include the ignition procedure including used fire starters, point of fuel recharging, combustion air regulation and frequency of use. Results related to the fuel used (i.e. type of fuel, fuel conditions) are given in this paper, too. The results are crucial for further research and complement existing knowledge about the effects of the individual user and fuel related parameters on emissions and efficiency of room heating appliances.
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