| 1. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(author)
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Long-range angular correlations on the near and away side in p-Pb collisions at root S-NN=5.02 TeV
- 2013
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In: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 719:1-3, s. 29-41
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Angular correlations between charged trigger and associated particles are measured by the ALICE detector in p-Pb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV for transverse momentum ranges within 0.5 < P-T,P-assoc < P-T,P-trig < 4 GeV/c. The correlations are measured over two units of pseudorapidity and full azimuthal angle in different intervals of event multiplicity, and expressed as associated yield per trigger particle. Two long-range ridge-like structures, one on the near side and one on the away side, are observed when the per-trigger yield obtained in low-multiplicity events is subtracted from the one in high-multiplicity events. The excess on the near-side is qualitatively similar to that recently reported by the CMS Collaboration, while the excess on the away-side is reported for the first time. The two-ridge structure projected onto azimuthal angle is quantified with the second and third Fourier coefficients as well as by near-side and away-side yields and widths. The yields on the near side and on the away side are equal within the uncertainties for all studied event multiplicity and p(T) bins, and the widths show no significant evolution with event multiplicity or p(T). These findings suggest that the near-side ridge is accompanied by an essentially identical away-side ridge. (c) 2013 CERN. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(author)
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Measurement of prompt J/psi and beauty hadron production cross sections at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV
- 2012
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In: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; :11
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The ALICE experiment at the LHC has studied J/psi production at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV through its electron pair decay on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity L-int = 5.6 nb(-1). The fraction of J/psi from the decay of long-lived beauty hadrons was determined for J/psi candidates with transverse momentum p(t) > 1,3 GeV/c and rapidity vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9. The cross section for prompt J/psi mesons, i.e. directly produced J/psi and prompt decays of heavier charmonium states such as the psi(2S) and chi(c) resonances, is sigma(prompt J/psi) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 8.3 +/- 0.8(stat.) +/- 1.1 (syst.)(-1.4)(+1.5) (syst. pol.) mu b. The cross section for the production of b-hadrons decaying to J/psi with p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c and vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9 is a sigma(J/psi <- hB) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 1.46 +/- 0.38 (stat.)(-0.32)(+0.26) (syst.) mu b. The results are compared to QCD model predictions. The shape of the p(t) and y distributions of b-quarks predicted by perturbative QCD model calculations are used to extrapolate the measured cross section to derive the b (b) over bar pair total cross section and d sigma/dy at mid-rapidity.
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| 3. |
- Andersson Arntén, Ann-Christine, 1954, et al.
(author)
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Police Personnel Affective Profiles : Differences in Perceptions of the Work Climate and Motivation
- 2016
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In: Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology. - : Springer. - 0882-0783 .- 1936-6469. ; 31:1, s. 2-14
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The affective profile model was used to investigate individual differences in police personnel perceptions about the working climate and its influences on motivation. The Positive Affect, Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) was used to assign police personnel, sworn and non-sworn (N = 595), to four affective profiles: self-fulfilling, low affective, high affective, and self-destructive. The work climate was assessed using the Learning Climate Questionnaire (Management Relations and Style, Time, Autonomy and Responsibility, Team Style, Opportunities to Develop, Guidelines on How to do the Job, and Contentedness). Motivation was evaluated using a modified version (to refer specifically to the individual’s work situation) of the Situational Motivation Scale (intrinsic motivation, external regulation, identified regulation, and amotivation). Self-fulfilling individuals scored higher on all work climate dimensions compared to the other three groups. Compared to low positive affect profiles, individuals with profiles of high positive affect scored higher in intrinsic motivation and identified regulation. Self-destructive individuals scored higher in amotivation. Different aspects of the work climate were related to each motivation dimension among affective profiles. Police personnel may react to their work environment depending on their affective profile. Moreover, the extent to which the work influences police personnel’s motivation is also related to the affective profile of the individual. © 2015, The Author(s).
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| 4. |
- Andersson Arntén, Ann-Christine, 1954, et al.
(author)
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The Affective Profile Model in Swedish Police Personnel: Work Climate and Motivation
- 2014
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In: 26th Association for Psychological Science Annual Convention. San Francisco, California, USA.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- ABSTRACT The study showed that police personnel perceive the work environment depending on their affective profile, these perceptions in turn influence motivation differently for each profile. A positive view on the work environment and intrinsic motivation being related to an affective profile depicted as high positive affect and low negative affect. SUPPORTING SUMMARY Background: The work climate (i.e., employees’ perceptions of how they are treated and managed in their organization) is important when the organizations try to motivate employees to allocate and enhance their efforts into their work. The affective profile model offers something unique over and above the single dimensional framework of affectivity by taking into account how positive (PA) and negative affectivity (NA) interact; these interaction can be used to investigate individual differences in perceptions about the working climate and its influences on motivation. Method: We used the Positive Affect, Negative Affect Schedule to categorize police personnel (N = 595) in four affective profiles: Self-fulfilling (high PA and low NA), low affective (low PA and low NA), high affective (high PA and high NA), and self-destructive (low PA and high NA). Individuals’ perceptions of the work climate were assessed using the Learning Climate Questionnaire which measures seven dimensions: management relations and style, time, autonomy and responsibility, team style, opportunities to develop, guidelines on how to do the job, and contentedness. Finally, we used the Situational Motivation Scale to measure four motivation dimensions: intrinsic motivation, external regulation, identified regulation, and amotivation. Results: Results show that self-fulfilling individuals scored higher on all work climate compared to the other three groups. Regarding motivation, profiles with high PA (self-fulfilling and high affective) scored higher in internal motivation and identified regulation than the profiles with low PA. Self-destructive individuals scored higher in amotivation compared to the other three profiles. Different aspects of the work climate were related to each motivation dimension among affective profiles. Conclusions: These results suggest that individuals may react to the work environment depending on their affective profile. Moreover, how the work environment influences police personnel’s motivation is also a function of the individuals’ distinct affective profile.
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| 5. |
- Archer, Trevor, 1949, et al.
(author)
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Influence of Physical Exercise on Neuroimmunological Functioning and Health : Aging and Stress
- 2011
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In: Neurotoxicity research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1029-8428 .- 1476-3524. ; 20:1, s. 69-83
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Chronic and acute stress, with associated pathophysiology, are implicated in a variety of disease states, with neuroimmunological dysregulation and inflammation as major hazards to health and functional sufficiency. Psychosocial stress and negative affect are linked to elevations in several inflammatory biomarkers. Immunosenescence, the deterioration of immune competence observed in the aged aspect of the life span, linked to a dramatic rise in morbidity and susceptibility to diseases with fatal outcomes, alters neuroimmunological function and is particularly marked in the neurodegenerative disorders, e.g., Parkinson's disease and diabetes. Physical exercise diminishes inflammation and elevates agents and factors involved in immunomodulatory function. Both the alleviatory effects of life-long physical activity upon multiple cancer forms and the palliative effects of physical activity for individuals afflicted by cancer offer advantages in health intervention. Chronic conditions of stress and affective dysregulation are associated with neuroimmunological insufficiency and inflammation, contributing to health risk and mortality. Physical exercise regimes have induced manifest anti-inflammatory benefits, mediated possibly by brain-derived neurotrophic factor. The epidemic proportions of metabolic disorders, obesity, and diabetes demand attention; several variants of exercise regimes have been found repeatedly to induce both prevention and improvement under both laboratory and clinical conditions. Physical exercise offers a unique non-pharmacologic intervention incorporating multiple activity regimes, e.g., endurance versus resistance exercise that may be adapted to conform to the particular demands of diagnosis, intervention and prognosis inherent to the staging of autoimmune disorders and related conditions.
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| 6. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(author)
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Differences in Happiness- Increasing Strategies Between and Within Affective Profiles
- 2016
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In: Clincal Experimental Psychology. - : OMICS Publishing Group. - 2471-2701. ; 2:3, s. 1-7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: In a recent study, Schütz and colleagues [1] used the affective profile model (i.e., the combination of peoples’ experience of high/low positive/negative affect) to investigate individual differences in intentional happiness-increasing strategies. Here we used a merged larger sample, a person-centered method to create the profiles, and a recent factor validated happiness-increasing strategies scale, to replicate the original findings. Method: The participants were 1,000 (404 males, 596 females) individuals recruited through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk) who answered to the Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule and the Happiness-Increasing Strategies Scales. Participants were clustered in the four affective profiles using the software RopStat (http://www. ropstat.com). Analyses of variance were conducted to discern differences in how frequently the strategies were used among people with different profiles. Results: Individuals with profiles at the extremes of the model (e.g., self-fulfilling vs. self-destructive) differed the most in their use of strategies. The differences within individuals with profiles that diverge in one affectivity dimension while being similar in the other suggested that, for example, decreases in negative affect while positive affect is low (self-destructive vs. low affective) will lead or might be a function of a decrease in usage of both the mental control and the passive leisure strategies. Conclusion: The self-fulfilling experience, depicted as high positive affect and low negative affect, is a combination of agentic (instrumental goal pursuit, active leisure, direct attempts), communal (social affiliation), and spiritual (religion) strategies. Nevertheless, the affective system showed the characteristics of a complex dynamic adaptive system: the same strategies might lead to different profiles (multi-finality) and different strategies might lead to the same profile (equifinality).
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| 7. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(author)
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Differences in Temperament and Character Among Americans and Swedes with Distinct Affective Profiles
- 2023
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In: The Affective Profiles Model. - Cham : Springer. - 9783031242199 - 9783031242205 ; , s. 91-110, s. 91-110
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Conceptualizing affect as two separate signal sensitivity subsystems, defined as high/low positive affect and high/low negative affect, implies that (A) the study of affectivity needs the interaction between these two dimensions in a complex adaptive meta-system composed of combinations beyond the two-system approach and that (B) this meta-system is associated to individual differences in personality dimensions that are responsible for automatic emotional reactions (i.e., temperament) and for conscious goals and values (i.e., character). The affective profiles model coined by Archer and colleagues is a good representation of the affectivity meta-system that has generated a great amount of research for the past 20 years. Nevertheless, most research addressing differences in personality has been conducted among children and adolescents.Aim: We aimed to replicate these past studies in two populations (Americans and Swedes) of adults by investigating differences in personality among individuals with distinct affective profiles. In this way, we want to expand our understanding of how the affectivity meta-system is regulated by automatic emotional responses (temperament) and conscious goals and values (i.e., character) across the lifespan and different cultures.Method: We used data from two published studies consisting of 523 Americans ((Nima et al., PeerJ 8: e9193, 2020) and 524 Swedes (Fahlgren et al., 2015) who reported affect (Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule) and personality (Temperament and Character Inventory). For each population, we combined their percentiles scores in positive affect (high = PA/low = pa) and negative affect (high = NA/low = na) for profiling: Self-fulfilling (PAna), High Affective (PANA), Low Affective (pana), and Self-destructive (paNA). We used paired sample t-tests to compare differences in personality between individuals with profiles that were similar in one affectivity dimension but dissimilar in the other (i.e., matched differences) and we used independent sample t-tests to compare individuals with profiles that were diametrically different in both affectivity dimensions.Results: In both populations, high positive affect was associated to low Harm Avoidance, high Persistence, and high Self-directedness and high negative affect was associated to high Harm Avoidance and low Self-directedness. Americans and Swedes with a self-fulfilling profile reported lower Harm Avoidance, higher Reward Dependence, higher Persistence, higher Self-directedness, and higher Cooperativeness compared to those with a self-destructive profile. In both populations, individuals with a high affective profile reported higher Novelty Seeking, higher Persistence, and higher Self-transcendence compared to those with a low affective profile. Most importantly, certain personality dimensions were associated to positive affect and negative affect depending on the specific affectivity combination and country of origin. For example, high Novelty Seeking was associated to high positive affect among Swedes but associated to high negative affect among Americans and while high Self-Transcendence was associated to high positive affect among Americans, among Swedes it was only associated to high positive affect when negative affect was low.Conclusions: Besides replicating past adolescent studies, throughout person-oriented analyses (i.e., matched comparisons), we deepened our understanding about how and in what conditions specific personality dimensions help us to regulate the affective meta-system. In short, temperament dimensions target most of the times one or both affective subsystems and character dimensions target most of the times both subsystems to bring optimal self-regulation.
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| 8. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(author)
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Happiness-Increasing Strategies among Affective Profiles
- 2015
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In: 4th World Congress on Positive Psychology. Lake Buena Vista, Florida, USA..
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The affective profile model (combinations of high and low positive, PA, and negative affect, NA) was used to investigate differences (N = 1000, age mean = 34.22, sd = 12.73) in Lyubomirsky’s eight clusters of intentional happiness-increasing strategies: Social Affiliation (e.g., “Support and encourage friends”), Partying and Clubbing (e.g., “Drink alcohol”), Mental Control (e.g., “Try not to think about being unhappy”), Instrumental Goal Pursuit (e.g. “Study”), Passive Leisure (e.g. “Surf the internet”), Active Leisure (e.g. “Exercise”), Religion (e.g. “Seek support from faith”), and Direct Attempts (e.g. “Act happy/smile”). The self-fulfilling profile (high PA/low NA) reported more frequent use of Social Affiliation, Instrumental Goal Pursuit, Active Leisure, Religion, and Direct Attempts. The high affective profile (high PA/high NA) reported more frequent use of Social Affiliation (although lower compared to the self-fulfilling profile), Partying and Clubbing, Mental Control, Instrumental Goal Pursuit, Passive Leisure, Active Leisure, Religion, and Direct Attempts (although lower than the self-fulfilling). The low affective profile (low PA/low NA) scored higher, compared to the self-destructive, in Social Affiliation, Active Leisure, and Direct Attempts. The self-destructive profile (low PA/high NA) scored higher in Mental Control (compared to the low affective and self-fulfilling profile) and Passive Leisure (compared to low affective).
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| 9. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(author)
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Resilience Profiles (Harm Avoidance, Persistence, and Self-directedness) among Swedish Clergy
- 2019
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In: 31st Association for Psychological Science Annual Convention. Washington, D.C., USA.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Clergy experience a large number of stressors in their work. In this context, resilience in the face of adversity is the result of low Harm Avoidance, high Persistence and high Self-Directedness. We found that, compared to the general population, only one in four Swedish clergymen/women had this specific personality profile.
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| 10. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(author)
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The “Cold Case” of Individual Differences in Organizational Psychology: Learning Climate and Organizational Commitment Among Police Personnel
- 2023
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In: The Affective Profiles Model - 20 Years of Research and Beyond. - Cham : Springer. ; , s. 269-285, s. 269-285
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Individuals’ perception of their work climate is expected to strongly influence personnel’s organizational commitment. However, the evidence about the association between organizational commitment and important outcomes, such as performance at work and turnover, is mixed. If this was not enough, little attention has been paid to how individual differences in basic personality (e.g., individual’s affective profiles) moderate this relationship. In this context, police organizations have unique obstacles in terms of work climate and when striving to make their personnel genuinely committed to the organization. Aim: Our aim was to investigate the association between learning work climate and organizational commitment among police personnel using the affective profiles model as the framework of our study. Method: Swedish police personnel (N = 353) answered an online survey comprising the Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule, the Learning Climate Questionnaire, and the Three Commitment Scales. We calculated percentiles in positive and negative affect to cluster participants in four affective profiles with high/low positive affect (PA/pa) and high/low negative affect (NA/na): self-fulfilling (PAna), low affective (pana), high affective (PANA), and self-destructive (paNA). Besides correlation analyses and comparisons between police personnel with diametrical opposite profiles (i.e., PAna vs paNA and PANA vs. pana), we focused on within-individual comparisons between police personnel who differed in one affect dimension and matched in the other (i.e., PANA vs. paNA; PAna vs. pana; PAna vs PANA; and paNA vs. pana). Results: The main analyses showed that personnel with a self-fulfilling profile scored higher on almost all learning climate dimensions and affective and normative commitment and lower in continuance commitment. However, while high negative affect was clearly associated with low levels in all learning climate dimensions, some of these dimensions and the commitment dimensions were associated to high positive affect only when negative affect was low. As expected, when considering individual differences, the relationship between work climate and commitment was complex. For instance, affective commitment was predicted by perceiving opportunities to develop for police personnel with either a self-destructive or a self-fulfilling profile but by good management relationships and style for those with a low affective profile. Conclusions: At the general level, to be able to know which specific work climate factors will lead to an adaptive organizational commitment, police organizations and leaders need to be aware of employees’ personality. At the practical level, the promotion of positive affect and the reduction of negative affect at work and life in general might help organizations to increase police personnel’s sense of a good learning climate and their willingness to stay in the organization because they identify with the organization at an emotional, a psychological, and a social level.
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| 11. |
- Guerra, Matheus, et al.
(author)
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Effects of a 10-Week Physical Activity Intervention on Asylum Seekers' Physiological Health
- 2022
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In: Brain Sciences. - : MDPI. - 2076-3425. ; 12:7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: The rise in armed conflicts has contributed to an increase in the number of asylum seekers. Prolonged asylum processes may negatively affect asylum seekers' health and lead to inactivity. Studies show that physical activity interventions are associated with improvements in health outcomes. However, there are a limited number of studies investigating the associations of physical activity on asylum seekers' health. Methods: Participants (263 males and 204 females), mostly from Syria, were assessed before and after a 10-week intervention for VO2 max, body mass index (BMI), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), body fat, and visceral fat. Linear mixed models were used to test differences within groups, and a linear regression model analysis was performed to test whether physiological variables predicted adherence. Results: Participants' VO2 max increased: males by 2.96 mL/min/kg and females 2.57 mL/min/kg. Increased SMM percentages were seen in both genders: females by 0.38% and males 0.23%. Visceral fat area decreased: males by 0.73 cm(2) and females 5.44 cm(2). Conclusions: Participants showed significant increases in VO2 max and SMM and decreased visceral fat. This study provides an insight into asylum seekers' health and serves as a starting point to new interventions in which physical activity is used as a tool to promote and improve vulnerable populations' health.
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| 12. |
- Jimmefors, Alexander, et al.
(author)
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Self-regulation Dimensions and Psychological Well-Being as a Function of Affective Profiles
- 2015
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In: 27th Association for Psychological Science Annual Convention. New York, New York, USA.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- We studied differences in self-regulatory mode between individuals and its relation to psychological well-being. The backdrop of the study was the affective profiles model. The influence of psychological well-being on self- regulatory dimensions was moderated by the individual’s affective profile.
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| 13. |
- Jimmefors, Alexander, et al.
(author)
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Self-regulation, Psychological Well-Being, and Swedish High School Pupils’ Academic Achievement
- 2014
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In: 26th Association for Psychological Science Annual Convention. San Francisco, California, USA.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- ABSTRACT We investigated the relationship between Swedish high school pupils’ grades and self-regulation strategies (i.e., assessment and locomotion) and psychological well-being. We found that a profile consisting of assessment orientation (i.e., assessment, comparison, and appraisal of goals/procedures) combined with self-acceptance and personal growth leads to the best study results. SUPPORTING SUMMARY Background Education plays an important role on a personal level because it is related to personal control, a healthy lifestyle, greater income, employment, interpersonal relations, and social support (Mirowsky & Ross, 2003). Self-regulation is the procedure implemented by an individual striving to reach a goal and consists of two inter-related strategies: (1) the identification of the desired out-come and the appraisal of procedures to reach the desired goal (i.e., assessment), and (2) the selection between available approaches to reach the goal and the commitment to the chosen approaches until the goal is reached (i.e., locomotion) (Kruglanski et al, 2000). Self-regulation plays an essential role in academic achievement (Kruglanski et al 1994, 2000). Psychological well-being is a multi-faceted concept composed of six different intra-personal characteristics that describe the fully functional individual (Ryff, 1989). These factors are: positive relationships with others, self-acceptance, environmental mastery, autonomy, purpose in life, and personal growth. We aimed to study the relationship between academic achievement and self-regulation and psychological well-being in Swedish high school pupils. Method Participants were 160 Swedish high school pupils (111 boys and 49 girls) with an age mean of 17.74 (sd = 1.29). We used the Assessment and Locomotion Scales (Kruglanski et al., 2000) to measure self-regulation and Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scales short version (Clark et al., 2001) to measure well-being. Academic achievement was operationalized through pupils’ final grades in Swedish, Mathematics, English, and Physical Education. The courses take place during either one or two semesters and the grading scale ranges from F = fail to A = pass with distinction. Results Final grades in Swedish were positively related to two psychological well-being scales: self-acceptance (r = .16, p = < .05) and personal growth (r = .21, p = < .01); and to the self-regulation strategy of assessment (r = .18, p = < . 05). Final grades in Mathematics were positively related to three psychological well-being scales: self-acceptance (r = .19, p = < .05), autonomy (r = .23, p = < .01), and personal growth (r = .19, p = < .05); and also to assessment (r = .24, p = < .01). Final grades in English were positively related to one psychological well-being scale: personal growth (r = .17, p = < .05); and also to assessment (r = .27, p = < .001). Final grades in Physical Education were positively related to four psychological well-being scales: environmental mastery (r = .27, p = < .001), self-acceptance (r = .29, p = < .001), autonomy (r = .19, p = < .05), and personal growth (r = .22, p = < .01); and also to the self-regulation strategy of locomotion (r = .21, p = < .01). Conclusions The most consistent finding is that a profile consisting of assessment orientation combined with self-acceptance and personal growth leads to the best study results. This understanding is important when supporting pupils in achieving the best possible results in school and thus lay the formation for a continued successful life.
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| 14. |
- Lindskär, Erik, et al.
(author)
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The Effect of Physical Exercise Interventions on Character among Asylum Seekers in Sweden
- 2018
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In: 9th European Conference on Positive Psychology. Budapest, Hungary.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Background: During 2015, 162,877 people sought asylum in Sweden [1]. The asylum period, which in some cases may last for several years, may impair the physical, mental and social health of individuals, most likely because this period may lead to inactivity; which might increase the effects of trauma or other mental health problems. In this context, physical inactivity is now identified as the fourth leading risk factor for global mortality [2]. For instance, the National Board of Health and Welfare in Sweden [3] estimates that 20-30% of the asylum seekers and refugees suffer from mental illness. A comprehensive meta-analysis from 2015 shows that physical activity is an intervention associated with significant improvements in mental health [4]. Further, results from cross-sectional studies as well as a literature review show that physical activity is associated with better health and that physical activity may reduce the risk of non-communicable disease and premature death [2]. Despite of all these evidence, to the best of our knowledge, there are no studies investigating the effects of training programs on refugee or newcomer populations. Aim: Our aim was to evaluate the effect on mental health of a 10-week training program among a small sample of newcomers, mostly originally from Syria. Method: Participants (33 men, 18 women) answered to the Short Character Inventory [5] and the Satisfaction with Life Scale [6] at the start and at the end of the 10-week training program. Results: Self-directedness, Cooperativeness, and Life Satisfaction had neither increased nor decreased after the physical intervention. Self-transcendence, however, had significantly increased after the intervention (F (1,50) = 7.04, p <.05, partial ƞ2 = 0.12, observed power = 0.74). Worth noticing is that this effect was larger among the women who participated in the intervention. Conclusions: Character is defined as individual differences in values, goals and self-conscious emotions and the ability to adapt and self-regulation. Self-transcendence (i.e., the identification with something bigger than oneself, such as, god, nature, all humanity) [7] was the character dimension that increased the most after the intervention, especially among the female newcomers. In other words, the intervention did not have a negative impact on the mental health of the individuals and, although relatively weak, the effect on Self-transcendence is probably of importance in the participants’ lives. Clinical practice shows that there are three different ways that lead to a downward spiral of mental health [8]. One of them is the decrease in or underdevelopment of Self-transcendence, because low Self-transcendence means that the individual feels disconnected from his environment, impatient, judgmental and sees the world without meaning, which means loss of trust. When we catastrophize, or become impatient and judgmental, we are absorbed in struggling with problems and obstacles that we have no control over, as in post-traumatic stress syndrome [7]. Hence, these preliminary results suggest that physical activity increased the sense of meaning and connectedness to society among this sample of newcomers.
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| 15. |
- Mousavi, Fariba, et al.
(author)
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The Dark Side (Machiavellianism, Narcissism, and Psychopathy) of The Affective Profiles
- 2015
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In: 27th Association for Psychological Science Annual Convention. New York, New York, USA.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- We studied differences in Dark Triad traits among affective profiles. The high positive affect/high negative affect profile scored higher in Machiavellianism, Narcissism, and Psychopathy. Also those with a low positive affect/ high negative affect profile scored higher in Dark Triad traits.
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| 16. |
- Rappe, Catrin, et al.
(author)
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The JobMatchTalent Test and the Big Five Model of Personality
- 2014
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In: 26th Association for Psychological Science Annual Convention. San Francisco, California, USA.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- ABSTRACT The study investigated the relationship between the JobMatchTalent test and the Big Five personality dimensions. The results imply that the Big Five dimensions can be discerned along the work-related characteristics measured by the JobMatchTalent test: Order and Thoughtfulness, Energy and Extraversion, Social Adaptation and Interest, and Emotion Control. SUPPORTING SUMMARY Background Personality measures in recruitment situations need to cover the 5 dimensions in the Big-Five model of personality and focus on the interpersonal requirements of jobs (Hogan, Hogan & Roberts, 1996). In the present study, we investigated the relationship between the JobMatchTalent test (Olsen, 2013) and one of the most common instruments used to operationalize the Big-Five model of personality: the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO PI-R). The JobMatchTalent test was developed to measure individuals’ work-related characteristics and then match these characteristics against specific demands related to specific occupations. The JobMatchTalent test consists of three areas that provide a broad picture of the individual's characteristics: Stability Patterns, Action Patterns, and Relation Patterns. These areas are each divided into 10 scales that provide a deeper picture of the employee; such as the way she/he structures her/his work, stress sensitivity, energy, goal-directedness, and cooperativeness. Method Participants (N = 390) were recruited from the professional network LinkedIn (http://www.linkedin.com) and asked to complete online versions of the NEO PI-R and the JobMatchTalent test. We used correlation analysis to investigate convergent and discriminant validity between both instruments by identifying and analyzing all significant coefficients no lower than ± .30 (i.e., convergent validity) and non-significant correlations (i.e., discriminant validity). Regression analyses were used to investigate the variance of the NEO PI-R dimensions explained by the JobMatchTalent test. Both correlation and regression analysis were conducted in two steps, the JobMatchTalent main scales vs. NEO PI-R dimensions and the JobMatchTalent subscales vs. NEO PI-R dimensions. Results In the first step, the JobMatchTalent test showed considerable overlap with 4 of the 5 NEO PI-R dimensions: (1) Conscientiousness (i.e., Stability Patterns: Work structure and Decision Characteristics, which both are measures of thoughtfulness, planning, order and details); (2) Extraversion (i.e., Stability Patterns: Inner drive; Action Patterns: Activity, Drive, Acting; and Relation Patterns: Communication. All representing different aspects of being energetic and extrovert); (3) Agreeableness (i.e., Relationship Patterns: Tolerance and Social interest, which both measure a person’s interest and ability to adapt in and create social relations); and (4) Neuroticism (i.e., Stability Patterns: Stress Index, which is a measure of emotional stability—the opposite of Neuroticism). In the second step, all 5 NEO PI-R dimensions overlapped with the JobMatchTalent subscales; (5) Openness showed overlap with subscales under Stability Patterns (the optimism subscale under Inner drive), Action Patterns (the vision and development motivation subscales under Drive), and Relation Patterns (the contact creating subscale under Social Interest). Conclusions The results indicate that there is convergent and discriminant validity between the JobMatchTalent test and the NEO PI-R. At the scale level, 4 of the 5 NEO PI-R dimensions can be discerned in a logical categorization along the work-related characteristics measured by the JobMatchTalent test: (1) Order and Thoughtfulness, (2) Energy and Extraversion, (3) Social Adaptation and Interest, and (4) Emotion Control. Moreover, all 5 NEO PI-R dimensions overlapped with the JobMatchTalent subscales. Suggesting substantial overlap between the instruments, but also that the two instruments cannot be considered as equivalent to assess individual differences in recruitment situations.
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| 17. |
- Schütz, Erica, 1977-, et al.
(author)
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Affective state, stress, and Type A-personality as a function of gender and affective profiles
- 2014
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In: International Journal of Research Studies in Psychology. - : Consortia Academia Publishing. - 2243-7681 .- 2243-769X. ; 3:1, s. 51-64
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Three studies were performed to examine positive and negative affect, stress and energy, and Type-A personality as a function of Gender and Affective profiles. In Study I, 304 universitystudents (152 male and 152 female), in Study II, 142 pupils at upper secondary school (95male and 47 female) and in Study III, 166 pupils at upper secondary school (84 male and 82female) completed self-report questionnaires pertaining to Positive affect and Negative affectScales (PANAS), stress and energy (SE), the Type A-personality scale and a Background andHealth questionnaire. The results indicated gender effects by which female participantsexpressed a higher level of negative affect, stress and Type A-personality were found in allthree studies, as well as for energy in Study I. There were marked effects of Affective profilesupon stress, energy and Type A-personality in all three studies. Regression analysis indicatedthat Type A-personality could be predicted from a high level of Negative Affect (Study I, IIand III) as well as from high levels of stress (Study I and II). All three studies indicate a linkbetween negative affectivity, stress and Type A-personality with consequences for themaladaptive behavioral patterns implying health hazards.
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| 18. |
- Schütz, Erica, et al.
(author)
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Character profiles and adolescents' self-reported affect
- 2013
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In: Personality and Individual Differences. - : Elsevier BV. - 0191-8869 .- 1873-3549. ; 54:7, s. 841-844
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cognitive and behavioral changes during adolescence might be understood from the perspective of increased executive functioning that is expressed as gradual maturing character. Character profiles (combinations of low and high scores in three character traits: Self-directedness, Cooperativeness, and Self-transcendence) of 439 Swedish adolescents were used to evaluate the linear and non-linear relationship between character traits and self-reported positive and negative affect. Linear analysis showed that all three character traits were associated to positive and negative affect. Non-linear analysis showed that Self-directedness was associated with high positive affect and low negative affect when Cooperativeness was high. No association of higher Cooperativeness with positive and negative affect was found. Higher Self-transcendence was associated with higher negative affect when both Self-directedness and Cooperativeness were high. Although, Self-directedness, Cooperativeness, and Self-transcendence are associated to adolescents' affective experience, these character traits are not associated to positive and negative affect in the same manner or linearly. Self-directedness's positive relationship to high positive affect and low negative affect was present only when Cooperativeness was high. In other words, an autonomous adolescent (i.e., high Self-directedness) might experience more positive and less negative emotions as long as she/he feels as an integral part of society (i.e., high Cooperativeness). (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 19. |
- Schütz, Erica, et al.
(author)
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JobMatchTalent Scales and Manager-Rated Work Performance
- 2014
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In: 26th Association for Psychological Science Annual Convention. San Francisco, California, USA.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- ABSTRACT We validated the JobMatchTalent scales that predicted supervisor rated productivity, work quality and structure and cooperation at work. Productive behavior was predicted by: Inner Drive, Activity, Drive, Acting, and Communication. Work quality and structure by: Work Structure and Decision Characteristics. Cooperation by: Tolerance, Social Interest, and Communication. SUPPORTING SUMMARY Background The JobMatchTalent test was designed to measure individuals’ work-related personality characteristics in three areas that provide a broad picture of the individual: Stability Patterns, Action Patterns, and Relation Patterns. These three areas are each divided into 10 scales that provide a deeper picture of the worker. Within the occupational psychology field, the JobMatchTalent test is regarded as an instrument for selection, staff development and career planning. More than 25,000 people have done the test since the early 2000s and the test has been continuously developed to best meet the job requirements. One of the theories that form the basis for the JobMatchTalent test is that personality characteristics correspond to different specific requirements in different occupations. The other theoretical basis is "flow"⎯a condition characterized by including intense concentration and an increased level of awareness (Csikszentmihalyi, 1990). Research shows that this condition occurs when individual characteristics match the requirements of a particular activity. The aim of this study was to investigate if and which JobMatchTalent scales predicted employees’ manager ratings on productive behavior, work quality and structure, and cooperation at the work place. Method A total of 95 managers (40 females, 55 males) with an age mean of 47 (sd = 10) were asked to rate employees (N = 258; age mean = 40, sd = 11; 111 females, 147 males) who had been recruited after completing the JobMatchTalent test between 6-24 months earlier. Managers answered to 11 different statements (Likert scale 1 = totally disagree, 7 = totally agree) related to their own employees’ productivity at work, work quality and structure, and cooperation at the work place. Results Productive behavior was associated to scales under Stability Patterns (Inner Drive: r = .20 p < .01), Action Patterns (Activity: r = .36 p < .01, Drive: r = .37 p < .01, and Acting: r = .42 p < .01), and Relation Patterns (Communication: r = .38 p < .01). Rating of work quality and structure were associated to scales under Stability Patterns (Work Structure: r = .49 p < .01 and Decision Characteristics: r = .24 p < .01). Finally, ratings of cooperation at work were associated to Relationship Patterns (Tolerance: r = .42 p < .01, Social Interest: r = .41 p < .01, and Communication: r = -.25 p < .01). Conclusions This study shows that the JobMatchTalent test is a valid instrument in the prediction of work performance related variables. The results also overlap findings showing specific personality dimensions as predictors of performance at work.
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| 20. |
- Schütz, Erica
(author)
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The Affective Profile Model: ill-being and well-being
- 2015
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Positive and negative affect have emerged as significant independent dimensions in studies of affective structure. Seeing affect as composed of two systems that can be categorized in high and low enables the possibility of four different combinations (i.e. affective profiles), “Self-fulfilling” (high positive affect, low negative affect), “Low affective” (low positive affect, low negative affect), “High affective” (high positive affect, high negative affect) and “Self-destructive” (low positive affect, high negative affect). The affective profiles offer a unique approach by taking into account how positive affect and negative affect interact. The aim of the present thesis was to validate the affective profiles as health profiles through investigating the role of affectivity and its relation to various personal attributes (personality characteristics and character profiles) and markers of ill- and well-being, such as somatic and psychological stress, stress and energy, depression, happiness, life satisfaction, happiness- increasing strategies, coping and Type A-personality in the light of the affective profiles and gender. This thesis comprises 4 different studies based on self-report of 2637 adolescents and adults from Sweden and the United States of America. The self-fulfilling individuals compared to all the other affective profiles, expressed a higher level of responsibility, emotional stability, better personal relations, vigor, more cognitive coping, more physical coping, more social coping, emotional coping, and total coping (Study I) as well as significantly higher level of energy (Study I and II), significantly higher scores on happiness-increasing strategies (Study III), significantly lowest level of stress and Type A-personality (Study II), in the context of character profiles, relating to agentic (selfdirectedness), communal (cooperation) and spiritual (self-transcendence) values, self-directedness was positive related to the self-fulfilling profile, only when cooperativeness was high (Study IV). The selfdestructive individuals, compared to all the other affective profiles, expressed significantly more stress, as well as psychological and somatic stress (Study I), significantly higher levels of depression and lower level of happiness and life satisfaction as well as lower scores in all happiness-increasing strategies with the exception for mental control, which is an ambivalent strategy of rumination and repression of negative events (Study III). The high affective and low affective individuals showed a mix of this pattern. There were also significant marked gender differences pertaining to personal attributes and markers of ill- and well-being. The female participants expressed a significantly higher level of responsibility, vigor, more psychological stress, more emotional coping (Study I), higher level of stress, Type A-personality (Study II), higher level of negative affect (Study II and III), higher level of happiness, social affiliation, instrumental goal pursuit, religion, passive leisure, direct attempts (Study III). The results suggest that the pursuit of happiness through agentic, communal, and spiritual values leads to a self-fulfilling experience defined as frequently experiencing positive emotions and infrequently experiencing negative emotions. In conclusion psychological health is a complex state and the results from this thesis points in the direction that it seems to be the various combinations of positive and negative affect offered in the affective profiles (namely the interaction of both dimensions of positive and negative affect) that offers the widest and detailed health profile. The results suggests, that high positive affect seems to be a more important component than both high and low negative affect for having continuous good health, happiness and well-being (i.e. being a protector against damaging influences such as stress, anxiety, depression, type A-personality, coping styles on health). An understanding of personality development, conscious strategies (i.e. growth in self-awareness) could offer a positive health profile model in providing a systematic way to promote and combine state of physical, mental, social, and spiritual well-being. Further, while agency and communion (cooperation) seems to lead to happiness and health, spiritual values might be necessary for becoming a self-fulfilled individual that lives in harmony with the changing world.
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| 21. |
- Schütz, Erica, et al.
(author)
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The affective profiles in the USA : happiness, depression, life satisfaction, and happiness-increasing strategies
- 2013
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In: PeerJ. - : PeerJ. - 2167-8359. ; 1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background. The affective profiles model categorizes individuals as self-fulfilling (high positive affect, low negative affect), high affective (high positive affect, high negative affect), low affective (low positive affect, low negative affect), and self-destructive (low positive affect, high negative affect). The model has been used extensively among Swedes to discern differences between profiles regarding happiness, depression, and also life satisfaction. The aim of the present study was to investigate such differences in a sample of residents of the USA. The study also investigated differences between profiles with regard to happiness-increasing strategies. Methods. In Study I, 900 participants reported affect (Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule; PANAS) and happiness (Happiness-Depression Scale). In Study II, 500 participants self-reported affect (PANAS), life satisfaction (Satisfaction With Life Scale), and how often they used specific strategies to increase their own happiness (Happiness-Increasing Strategies Scales). Results. The results showed that, compared to the other profiles, self-fulfilling individuals were less depressed, happier, and more satisfied with their lives. Nevertheless, self-destructive individuals were more depressed, unhappier, and less satisfied than all other profiles. The self-fulfilling individuals tended to use strategies related to agentic (e. g., instrumental goal-pursuit), communal (e. g., social affiliation), and spiritual (e. g., religion) values when pursuing happiness. Conclusion. These differences suggest that promoting positive emotions can positively influence a depressive-to-happy state as well as increasing life satisfaction. Moreover, the present study shows that pursuing happiness through strategies guided by agency, communion, and spirituality is related to a self-fulfilling experience described as high positive affect and low negative affect.
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