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| 14. |
- Anzt, Hartwig, et al.
(författare)
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An environment for sustainable research software in Germany and beyond: current state, open challenges, and call for action
- 2020
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Ingår i: F1000 Research. - : F1000 Research Ltd. - 2046-1402. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research software has become a central asset in academic research. It optimizes existing and enables new research methods, implements and embeds research knowledge, and constitutes an essential research product in itself. Research software must be sustainable in order to understand, replicate, reproduce, and build upon existing research or conduct new research effectively. In other words, software must be available, discoverable, usable, and adaptable to new needs, both now and in the future. Research software therefore requires an environment that supports sustainability. Hence, a change is needed in the way research software development and maintenance are currently motivated, incentivized, funded, structurally and infrastructurally supported, and legally treated. Failing to do so will threaten the quality and validity of research. In this paper, we identify challenges for research software sustainability in Germany and beyond, in terms of motivation, selection, research software engineering personnel, funding, infrastructure, and legal aspects. Besides researchers, we specifically address political and academic decision-makers to increase awareness of the importance and needs of sustainable research software practices. In particular, we recommend strategies and measures to create an environment for sustainable research software, with the ultimate goal to ensure that software-driven research is valid, reproducible and sustainable, and that software is recognized as a first class citizen in research. This paper is the outcome of two workshops run in Germany in 2019, at deRSE19 - the first International Conference of Research Software Engineers in Germany - and a dedicated DFG-supported follow-up workshop in Berlin.
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| 15. |
- Gentsch, Norman, et al.
(författare)
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Temperature response of permafrost soil carbon is attenuated by mineral protection
- 2018
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 24:8, s. 3401-3415
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate change in Arctic ecosystems fosters permafrost thaw and makes massive amounts of ancient soil organic carbon (OC) available to microbial breakdown. However, fractions of the organic matter (OM) may be protected from rapid decomposition by their association with minerals. Little is known about the effects of mineral-organic associations (MOA) on the microbial accessibility of OM in permafrost soils and it is not clear which factors control its temperature sensitivity. In order to investigate if and how permafrost soil OC turnover is affected by mineral controls, the heavy fraction (HF) representing mostly MOA was obtained by density fractionation from 27 permafrost soil profiles of the Siberian Arctic. In parallel laboratory incubations, the unfractionated soils (bulk) and their HF were comparatively incubated for 175 days at 5 and 15 degrees C. The HF was equivalent to 70 +/- 9% of the bulk CO2 respiration as compared to a share of 63 +/- 1% of bulk OC that was stored in the HF. Significant reduction of OC mineralization was found in all treatments with increasing OC content of the HF (HF-OC), clay-size minerals and Fe or Al oxyhydroxides. Temperature sensitivity (Q10) decreased with increasing soil depth from 2.4 to 1.4 in the bulk soil and from 2.9 to 1.5 in the HF. A concurrent increase in the metal-to-HF-OC ratios with soil depth suggests a stronger bonding of OM to minerals in the subsoil. There, the younger C-14 signature in CO2 than that of the OC indicates a preferential decomposition of the more recent OM and the existence of a MOA fraction with limited access of OM to decomposers. These results indicate strong mineral controls on the decomposability of OM after permafrost thaw and on its temperature sensitivity. Thus, we here provide evidence that OM temperature sensitivity can be attenuated by MOA in permafrost soils.
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| 16. |
- Turner, Stephanie, et al.
(författare)
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Distinct pattern of nitrogen functional gene abundances in top- and subsoils along a 120,000-year ecosystem development gradient
- 2019
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Ingår i: Soil Biology and Biochemistry. - : Elsevier. - 0038-0717 .- 1879-3428. ; 132, s. 111-119
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Soil microorganisms are key players of the nitrogen cycle and relevant for soil development. While the community structure of nitrogen-cycling microorganisms during initial soil development is already well investigated, knowledge about the patterns during long-term ecosystem development is limited. In this study, nitrogen functional genes of ammonia-oxidizers (amoA), nitrate-reducers (narG), and chitin-degraders (chiA) were determined via quantitative PCR and the functional community composition of archaeal ammonia-oxidizers was analyzed via clone libraries and DNA sequencing (amoA) in soil depth profiles along the 120,000-year Franz Josef chronosequence (New Zealand). The results show that absolute nitrogen functional gene abundances change significantly during long-term soil development. In organic layers, narG and chiA gene abundances were highest in young to intermediate-aged soils and then decreased following progressive and retrogressive development of the vegetation. While relative archaeal amoA gene abundance (proportional to total cell counts) decreased in the oldest phosphorus-limited topsoils, relative narG and chiA gene abundances remained constant. In subsoils, archaeal amoA and narG gene abundances also decreased with ecosystem retrogression that coincided with the increasing content of iron and aluminum oxides as well as other clay-sized minerals. In contrast, subsoil chiA gene abundances were hardly affected by soil age. The analysis of the archaeal amoA community revealed a compositional shift during long-term ecosystem development. Our study provides evidence that the community structure of nitrogen-cycling microorganisms in top- and subsoils is significantly affected by long-term ecosystem development and suggests an important role of the mineral phase in subsoils.
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| 17. |
- Turner, Stephanie, et al.
(författare)
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Microbial utilization of mineral-associated nitrogen in soils
- 2017
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Ingår i: Soil Biology and Biochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0038-0717 .- 1879-3428. ; 104, s. 185-196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In soils, a large portion of organic nitrogen (ON) is associated with minerals and thus, possibly stabilized against biological decay. We therefore tested if mineral-associated N is an important N source for soil microorganisms, and which soil parameters control its bioavailability. Microcosm experiments with mineral-associated organic matter, obtained as heavy fraction (HF) via density fractionation, and bulk soil from mineral topsoil of the Franz Josef chronosequence were conducted for 125 days. We examined the effects of O2 status, soil age (differences in mineralogical properties), as well as cellulose and phosphate additions on the turnover of mineral-associated N. Using a combination of activity measurements and quantitative PCR, microbial N transformation rates and abundances of N-related functional genes (amoA, narG, chiA) were determined. Similar or higher values for microbial N cycling rates and N-related functional abundances in the HF compared to bulk soil indicated that mineral-associated N provides an important bioavailable N source for soil microorganism. The turnover of mineral-associated N was mainly controlled by the O2 status. Besides, soil mineralogical properties significantly affected microbial N cycling and related gene abundances with the effect depending on the N substrate type (ON, NH4+ or NO3−). In contrast, cellulose or phosphate addition hardly enhanced microbial utilization of mineral-associated N. The results of our microcosm study indicate that mineral-associated N is highly bioavailable in mineral topsoils, but effects of the mineral phase differ between N cycling processes.
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| 18. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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- 2011
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swepub:Mat__t (refereegranskat)
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| 19. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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- 2011
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 20. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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- 2012
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swepub:Mat__t (refereegranskat)
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| 21. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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- 2012
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swepub:Mat__t (refereegranskat)
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| 22. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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- 2011
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swepub:Mat__t (refereegranskat)
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| 23. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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swepub:Mat__t (refereegranskat)
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- Aad, G., et al.
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- 2013
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 25. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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- 2013
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Ingår i: New Journal of Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 1367-2630. ; 15
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| 26. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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- 2012
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- 2012
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swepub:Mat__t (refereegranskat)
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| 28. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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- 2012
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Ingår i: The European Physical Journal C. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6052. ; 72:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 29. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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- 2012
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- 2013
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- 2012
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- Aad, G., et al.
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(författare)
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- 2012
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(författare)
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- 2012
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swepub:Mat__t (refereegranskat)
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- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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- 2013
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Ingår i: The European Physical Journal C. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6052. ; 73:1
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| 37. |
- Aad, G., et al.
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- 2013
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