| 1. |
- Houle, Brian, et al.
(author)
-
Sexual behavior and HIV risk across the life course in rural South Africa : trends and comparisons
- 2018
-
In: AIDS Care. - : ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 0954-0121 .- 1360-0451. ; 30:11, s. 1435-1443
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is limited information about sexual behavior among older Africans, which is problematic given high HIV rates among older adults. We use a population-based survey among people aged 15-80+ to examine the prevalence of sexual risk and protective behaviors in the context of a severe HIV epidemic. We focus on variation across the life course, gender and HIV serostatus to compare the similarities and differences of young, middle aged, and older adults. Younger adults continue to be at risk of HIV, with potential partners being more likely to have been diagnosed with an STI and more likely to have HIV, partner change is high, and condom use is low. Middle aged and older adults engage in sexual behavior that makes them vulnerable at older ages, including extramarital sex, low condom use, and cross-generational sex with people in age groups with the highest rates of HIV. We find insignificant differences between HIV positive and negative adults' reports of recent sexual activity. This study provides new information on sexual behavior and HIV risk across the life course in rural South Africa to inform HIV prevention and treatment programing.
|
|
| 2. |
- Madhavan, Sangeetha, et al.
(author)
-
Child mobility, maternal status, and household composition in rural South Africa
- 2012
-
In: Demography. - : Duke University Press. - 0070-3370 .- 1533-7790. ; 49:2, s. 699-718
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article examines the influence of maternal status, socioeconomic status of the household, and household composition on the mobility of children aged 0-14 in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa, from 1999 to 2008. Using data from the Agincourt Health and Demographic Surveillance System, we found that children whose mothers were temporary migrants, living elsewhere, or dead had higher odds of moving than children whose mothers were coresident. Older children and children living in richer households faced lower odds of mobility. For children whose mothers were coresident, there was no effect of maternal substitutes on child mobility. However, among children whose mothers were temporary migrants or living elsewhere, the presence of prime-aged and elderly females lowered the odds of mobility. For maternal orphans, the presence of elderly women in the household lowered their odds of mobility. The results underscore the importance of examining the conditions under which children move in order to strengthen service delivery targeted at safeguarding children's well-being.
|
|
| 3. |
- Ralston, Margaret, et al.
(author)
-
Who Benefits-Or Does not-From South Africa's Old Age Pension? : evidence from Characteristics of Rural Pensioners and Non-Pensioners
- 2016
-
In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 13:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Social protection grants play a critical role in survival and livelihoods of elderly individuals in South Africa. Rarely is it possible to assess how well a social program reaches its target population. Using a 2010 survey and Agincourt Health Demographic Surveillance System census data we conduct multivariate logistic regression to predict pension receipt in rural South Africa. We find only 80% of age-eligible individuals report pension receipt. Pension non-recipients tend to be male, have poor socio-economic status, live in smaller households, be of Mozambican origin, and have poorer physical function; while older persons living in households receiving other grants are more likely to report pension receipt. We conclude that a reservoir of older persons exists who meet eligibility criteria but who are not yet receiving pensions. Ensuring that they and their households are properly linked to all available social services-whether for child or old-age social grants-is likely to have beneficial and synergistic effects.
|
|
| 4. |
- Sartorius, Kurt, et al.
(author)
-
Rural poverty dynamics and refugee communities in South Africa : a spatial-temporal model
- 2013
-
In: Population, Space and Place. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1544-8444 .- 1544-8452. ; 19:1, s. 103-123
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The assimilation of refugees into their host community economic structures is often problematic. The paper investigates the ability of refugees in rural South Africa to accumulate assets over time relative to their host community. Bayesian spatial-temporal modelling was employed to analyse a longitudinal database that indicated that the asset accumulation rate of former Mozambican refugee households was similar to their host community; however, they were unable to close the wealth gap. A series of geo-statistical wealth maps illustrate that there is a spatial element to the higher levels of absolute poverty in the former refugee villages. The primary reason for this is their physical location in drier conditions that are established further away from facilities and infrastructure. Neighbouring South African villages in close proximity, however, display lower levels of absolute poverty, suggesting that the spatial location of the refugees only partially explains their disadvantaged situation. In this regard, the results indicate that the wealth of former refugee households continues to be more compromised by higher mortality levels, poorer education, and less access to high-return employment opportunities. The long-term impact of low initial asset status appears to be perpetuated in this instance by difficulties in obtaining legal status in order to access state pensions, facilities, and opportunities. The usefulness of the results is that they can be used to sharpen the targeting of differentiated policy in a given geographical area for refugee communities in rural Africa.
|
|
| 5. |
- Schatz, Enid, et al.
(author)
-
Dependent or Productive? : A New Approach to Understanding the Social Positioning of Older South Africans Through Living Arrangements
- 2015
-
In: Research on Aging. - : SAGE Publications. - 0164-0275 .- 1552-7573. ; 37:6, s. 581-605
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- South Africa’s population is aging. Most of the older Black South Africans continue to live in extended household structures with children, grandchildren, and other kin. They also constitute a source of income through a means-tested noncontributory state-funded pension available at age 60. Using census data from the Agincourt Health and Demographic Surveillance System in 2000, 2005, and 2010, we develop a typology of living arrangements that is reflective of the social positioning of elderly persons as dependent or productive household members and analyze changes in the distribution over time. Older persons, in general, live in large, complex, and multigenerational households. Multigenerational households with “productive” older persons are increasing in proportion over the period, although there are few differences by gender or pension eligibility at any time point.
|
|
| 6. |
- Schatz, Enid, et al.
(author)
-
Living Arrangements, Disability and Gender of Older Adults Among Rural South Africa
- 2018
-
In: The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences. - : Oxford University Press. - 1079-5014 .- 1758-5368. ; 73:6, s. 1112-1122
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: A limited understanding exists of the relationship between disability and older persons' living arrangements in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). We examine the associations between living arrangements, disability, and gender for individuals older than 50 years in rural South Africa.Method: Using the Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) survey and Agincourt Health and socio-Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) data, we explore older persons' self-reported disability by living arrangements and gender, paying particular attention to various multigenerational arrangements.Results: Controlling for past disability status, a significant relationship between living arrangements and current disability remains, but is moderated by gender. Older persons in households where they may be more "productive" report higher levels of disability; there are fewer differences in women's than men's reported disability levels across living arrangement categories.Discussion: This study underscores the need to examine living arrangements and disability through a gendered lens, with particular attention to heterogeneity among multigenerational living arrangements. Some living arrangements may take a greater toll on older persons than others. Important policy implications for South Africa and other LMICs emerge among vibrant debates about the role of social welfare programs in improving the health of older individuals.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
