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- Bull, JR, et al.
(författare)
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Real-world menstrual cycle characteristics of more than 600,000 menstrual cycles
- 2019
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Ingår i: NPJ digital medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2398-6352. ; 2, s. 83-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of apps that record detailed menstrual cycle data presents a new opportunity to study the menstrual cycle. The aim of this study is to describe menstrual cycle characteristics observed from a large database of cycles collected through an app and investigate associations of menstrual cycle characteristics with cycle length, age and body mass index (BMI). Menstrual cycle parameters, including menstruation, basal body temperature (BBT) and luteinising hormone (LH) tests as well as age and BMI were collected anonymously from real-world users of the Natural Cycles app. We analysed 612,613 ovulatory cycles with a mean length of 29.3 days from 124,648 users. The mean follicular phase length was 16.9 days (95% CI: 10–30) and mean luteal phase length was 12.4 days (95% CI: 7–17). Mean cycle length decreased by 0.18 days (95% CI: 0.17–0.18, R2 = 0.99) and mean follicular phase length decreased by 0.19 days (95% CI: 0.19–0.20, R2 = 0.99) per year of age from 25 to 45 years. Mean variation of cycle length per woman was 0.4 days or 14% higher in women with a BMI of over 35 relative to women with a BMI of 18.5–25. This analysis details variations in menstrual cycle characteristics that are not widely known yet have significant implications for health and well-being. Clinically, women who wish to plan a pregnancy need to have intercourse on their fertile days. In order to identify the fertile period it is important to track physiological parameters such as basal body temperature and not just cycle length.
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- Bull, J, et al.
(författare)
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Typical use effectiveness of Natural Cycles: postmarket surveillance study investigating the impact of previous contraceptive choice on the risk of unintended pregnancy
- 2019
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Ingår i: BMJ open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 9:3, s. e026474-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To investigate the association between contraceptive effectiveness of Natural Cycles and users’ previous choice of contraceptive, and to evaluate the impact of shifting from other methods to Natural Cycles on the risk of unintended pregnancy.SettingNatural Cycles mobile application.Participants16 331 Natural Cycles users in Sweden for the prevention of pregnancy.Outcome measuresRisk of unintended pregnancy.Study designReal world evidence was collected from Natural Cycles users regarding contraceptive use prior to using Natural Cycles and sexual activity while using Natural Cycles. We calculated the typical use 1-year Pearl Index (PI) and 13-cycle failure rate of Natural Cycles for each cohort. The PI was compared with the population PI of their stated previous methods.ResultsFor women who had used condoms before, the PI of Natural Cycles was the lowest at 3.5±0.5. For women who had used the pill before, the PI of Natural Cycles was the highest at 8.1±0.6. The frequency of unprotected sex on fertile days partially explained some of the observed variation in PI between cohorts. 89% of users switched to Natural Cycles from methods with higher or similar reported PIs.ConclusionThe effectiveness of Natural Cycles is influenced by previous contraceptive choice and this should be considered when evaluating the suitability of the method for the individual. We estimate that Natural Cycles usage can reduce the overall likelihood of having an unintended pregnancy by shifting usage from less effective methods.
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- Lundberg, O, et al.
(författare)
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Fertility awareness-based mobile application
- 2018
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Ingår i: The European journal of contraception & reproductive health care : the official journal of the European Society of Contraception. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1473-0782. ; 23:2, s. 166-168
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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- Scherwitzl, EB, et al.
(författare)
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Fertility awareness-based mobile application for contraception
- 2016
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Ingår i: The European journal of contraception & reproductive health care : the official journal of the European Society of Contraception. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1473-0782. ; 21:3, s. 234-241
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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