| 1. |
- Kattge, Jens, et al.
(författare)
-
TRY plant trait database - enhanced coverage and open access
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 26:1, s. 119-188
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Alviano, Mario, et al.
(författare)
-
The fourth answer set programming competition : Preliminary report
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Logic Programming and Nonmonotonic Reasoning. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer. - 9783642405631 ; , s. 42-53
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Answer Set Programming is a well-established paradigm of declarative programming in close relationship with other declarative formalisms such as SAT Modulo Theories, Constraint Handling Rules, PDDL and many others. Since its first informal editions, ASP systems are compared in the nowadays customary ASP Competition. The fourth ASP Competition, held in 2012/2013, is the sequel to previous editions and it was jointly organized by University of Calabria (Italy) and the Vienna University of Technology (Austria). Participants competed on a selected collection of benchmark problems, taken from a variety of research areas and real world applications. The Competition featured two tracks: the Model& Solve Track, held on an open problem encoding, on an open language basis, and open to any kind of system based on a declarative specification paradigm; and the System Track, held on the basis of fixed, public problem encodings, written in a standard ASP language.
|
|
| 4. |
- Brütt, Katharina, et al.
(författare)
-
Competition and moral behavior: A meta-analysis of forty-five crowd-sourced experimental designs
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS. - : National Academy of Sciences. - 1091-6490 .- 0027-8424. ; 120:23
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Does competition affect moral behavior? This fundamental question has been debated among leading scholars for centuries, and more recently, it has been tested in experimental studies yielding a body of rather inconclusive empirical evidence. A potential source of ambivalent empirical results on the same hypothesis is design heterogeneity-variation in true effect sizes across various reasonable experimental research protocols. To provide further evidence on whether competition affects moral behavior and to examine whether the generalizability of a single experimental study is jeopardized by design heterogeneity, we invited independent research teams to contribute experimental designs to a crowd-sourced project. In a large-scale online data collection, 18,123 experimental participants were randomly allocated to 45 randomly selected experimental designs out of 95 submitted designs. We find a small adverse effect of competition on moral behavior in a meta-analysis of the pooled data. The crowd-sourced design of our study allows for a clean identification and estimation of the variation in effect sizes above and beyond what could be expected due to sampling variance. We find substantial design heterogeneity-estimated to be about 1.6 times as large as the average standard error of effect size estimates of the 45 research designs-indicating that the informativeness and generalizability of results based on a single experimental design are limited. Drawing strong conclusions about the underlying hypotheses in the presence of substantive design heterogeneity requires moving toward much larger data collections on various experimental designs testing the same hypothesis.
|
|
| 5. |
- Oeckl, Patrick, et al.
(författare)
-
Different neuroinflammatory profile in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia is linked to the clinical phase
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0022-3050 .- 1468-330X. ; 90:1, s. 4-10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To investigate the role of neuroinflammation in asymptomatic and symptomatic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) mutation carriers.Methods: The neuroinflammatory markers chitotriosidase 1 (CHIT1), YKL-40 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood samples from asymptomatic and symptomatic ALS/FTD mutation carriers, sporadic cases and controls by ELISA.Results: CSF levels of CHIT1, YKL-40 and GFAP were unaffected in asymptomatic mutation carriers (n=16). CHIT1 and YKL-40 were increased in gALS (p<0.001, n=65) whereas GFAP was not affected. Patients with ALS carrying a CHIT1 polymorphism had lower CHIT1 concentrations in CSF (-80%) whereas this polymorphism had no influence on disease severity. In gFTD (n=23), increased YKL-40 and GFAP were observed (p<0.05), whereas CHIT1 was nearly not affected. The same profile as in gALS and gFTD was observed in sALS (n=64/70) and sFTD (n=20/26). CSF and blood concentrations correlated moderately (CHIT1, r=0.51) to weak (YKL-40, r=0.30, GFAP, r=0.39). Blood concentrations of these three markers were not significantly altered in any of the groups except CHIT1 in gALS of the Ulm cohort (p<0.05).Conclusion: Our data indicate that neuroinflammation is linked to the symptomatic phase of ALS/FTD and shows a similar pattern in sporadic and genetic cases. ALS and FTD are characterised by a different neuroinflammatory profile, which might be one driver of the diverse presentations of the ALS/FTD syndrome.
|
|
| 6. |
- Swift, Imogen J, et al.
(författare)
-
A systematic review of progranulin concentrations in biofluids in over 7,000 people-assessing the pathogenicity of GRN mutations and other influencing factors.
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Alzheimer's Research & Therapy. - 1758-9193. ; 16:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pathogenic heterozygous mutations in the progranulin gene (GRN) are a key cause of frontotemporal dementia (FTD), leading to significantly reduced biofluid concentrations of the progranulin protein (PGRN). This has led to a number of ongoing therapeutic trials aiming to treat this form of FTD by increasing PGRN levels in mutation carriers. However, we currently lack a complete understanding of factors that affect PGRN levels and potential variation in measurement methods. Here, we aimed to address this gap in knowledge by systematically reviewing published literature on biofluid PGRN concentrations.Published data including biofluid PGRN concentration, age, sex, diagnosis and GRN mutation were collected for 7071 individuals from 75 publications. The majority of analyses (72%) had focused on plasma PGRN concentrations, with many of these (56%) measured with a single assay type (Adipogen) and so the influence of mutation type, age at onset, sex, and diagnosis were investigated in this subset of the data.We established a plasma PGRN concentration cut-off between pathogenic mutation carriers and non-carriers of 74.8ng/mL using the Adipogen assay based on 3301 individuals, with a CSF concentration cut-off of 3.43ng/mL. Plasma PGRN concentration varied by GRN mutation type as well as by clinical diagnosis in those without a GRN mutation. Plasma PGRN concentration was significantly higher in women than men in GRN mutation carriers (p=0.007) with a trend in non-carriers (p=0.062), and there was a significant but weak positive correlation with age in both GRN mutation carriers and non-carriers. No significant association was seen with weight or with TMEM106B rs1990622 genotype. However, higher plasma PGRN levels were seen in those with the GRN rs5848 CC genotype in both GRN mutation carriers and non-carriers.These results further support the usefulness of PGRN concentration for the identification of the large majority of pathogenic mutations in the GRN gene. Furthermore, these results highlight the importance of considering additional factors, such as mutation type, sex and age when interpreting PGRN concentrations. This will be particularly important as we enter the era of trials for progranulin-associated FTD.
|
|
| 7. |
- Arriola, Edurne, et al.
(författare)
-
Feasibility and User Experience of Digital Patient Monitoring for Real-World Patients With Lung or Breast Cancer
- 2024
-
Ingår i: The Oncologist. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS. - 1083-7159 .- 1549-490X. ; 29:4, s. e561-e569
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Digital patient monitoring (DPM) tools can facilitate early symptom management for patients with cancer through systematic symptom reporting; however, low adherence can be a challenge. We assessed patient/healthcare professional (HCP) use of DPM in routine clinical practice.Materials and Methods Patients with locally advanced/metastatic lung cancer or HER2-positive breast cancer received locally approved/reimbursed drugs alongside DPM, with elements tailored by F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, on the Kaiku Health DPM platform. Patient access to the DPM tool was through their own devices (eg, laptops, PCs, smartphones, or tablets), via either a browser or an app on Apple iOS or Android devices. Coprimary endpoints were patient DPM tool adoption (positive threshold: 60%) and week 1-6 adherence to weekly symptom reporting (positive threshold: 70%). Secondary endpoints included experience and clinical impact.Results At data cutoff (June 9, 2022), adoption was 85% and adherence was 76%. Customer satisfaction and effort scores for patients were 76% and 82%, respectively, and 83% and 79% for HCPs. Patients spent approximately 10 minutes using the DPM tool and completed approximately 1.0 symptom questionnaires per week (completion time 1-4 minutes). HCPs spent approximately 1-3 minutes a week using the tool per patient. Median time to HCP review for alerted versus non-alerted symptom questionnaires was 19.6 versus 21.5 hours. Most patients and HCPs felt that the DPM tool covered/mostly covered symptoms experienced (71% and 75%), was educational (65% and 92%), and improved patient-HCP conversations (70% and 83%) and cancer care (51% and 71%).Conclusion The DPM tool demonstrated positive adoption, adherence, and user experience for patients with lung/breast cancer, suggesting that DPM tools may benefit clinical cancer care. Digital patient monitoring tools can facilitate early symptom monitoring and management for cancer through systematic symptom reporting; however, low adherence can be a challenge. This study assessed patient and healthcare professional use of such tools in routine clinical practice.
|
|
| 8. |
- Becker, Johannes, et al.
(författare)
-
Bidding for firms with unknown characteristics
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Economics. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0347-0520 .- 1467-9442. ; 121:3, s. 1222-1243
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When a region successfully attracts a firm by offering subsidies, the firm often commits itself to performance targets in terms of employment. In this paper, we interpret these firm-specific targets as a consequence of incomplete information. We analyze a model of two regions that compete for a firm, assuming that the firm's productivity is ex ante unknown. We show that performance targets often induce overemployment in high-productivity firms, and that tax credits are often superior to lump-sum payments. Moreover, when regions differ in wage rates, the low-wage region wins the bid and has a higher surplus than under complete information. Finally, we show that, under incomplete information, bidding might not lead to efficient firm location.
|
|
| 9. |
- Becker, Johannes, et al.
(författare)
-
Taxation of firms with unknown mobility
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Public Economic Theory. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1097-3923 .- 1467-9779. ; 20:2, s. 202-217
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We analyze optimal business tax policy when some firms are able to escape taxation by moving abroad. In contrast to the existing literature, we assume that the true number of mobile firms is ex ante unknown. While the government may learn from the firms' location responses to past tax rate changes, firms may anticipate this and adjust their choices accordingly. We find that incomplete information on mobility substantially affects the properties and the implications of equilibrium policy choices. First, the government may find it optimal to set a tax rate that triggers partial firm migration but full revelation of the true number of mobile firms. Second, we show that, if the firms' outside option is attractive (i.e., relocation cost and foreign tax rates are low), expected tax rates and expected firm migration are higher if the degree of mobility is unknown. Third, there is a positive value of learning, i.e., commitment on future tax rates cannot increase the government's expected revenue. However, if the government can commit to a rule-based learning mechanism, i.e., credibly tie its future tax policy to present policy outcomes, it may obtain a Pareto improvement.
|
|
| 10. |
- Breznau, Nate, et al.
(författare)
-
Observing many researchers using the same data and hypothesis reveals a hidden universe of uncertainty
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 119:44
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explores how researchers analytical choices affect the reliability of scientific findings. Most discussions of reliability problems in science focus on systematic biases. We broaden the lens to emphasize the idiosyncrasy of conscious and unconscious decisions that researchers make during data analysis. We coordinated 161 researchers in 73 research teams and observed their research decisions as they used the same data to independently test the same prominent social science hypothesis: that greater immigration reduces support for social policies among the public. In this typical case of social science research, research teams reported both widely diverging numerical findings and substantive conclusions despite identical start conditions. Researchers expertise, prior beliefs, and expectations barely predict the wide variation in research outcomes. More than 95% of the total variance in numerical results remains unexplained even after qualitative coding of all identifiable decisions in each teams workflow. This reveals a universe of uncertainty that remains hidden when considering a single study in isolation. The idiosyncratic nature of how researchers results and conclusions varied is a previously underappreciated explanation for why many scientific hypotheses remain contested. These results call for greater epistemic humility and clarity in reporting scientific findings.
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
- Crary, John F., et al.
(författare)
-
Primary age-related tauopathy (PART) : a common pathology associated with human aging
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Acta Neuropathologica. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0001-6322 .- 1432-0533. ; 128:6, s. 755-766
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We recommend a new term, "primary age-related tauopathy" (PART), to describe a pathology that is commonly observed in the brains of aged individuals. Many autopsy studies have reported brains with neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) that are indistinguishable from those of Alzheimer's disease (AD), in the absence of amyloid (A beta) plaques. For these "NFT+/A beta-aEuroe brains, for which formal criteria for AD neuropathologic changes are not met, the NFTs are mostly restricted to structures in the medial temporal lobe, basal forebrain, brainstem, and olfactory areas (bulb and cortex). Symptoms in persons with PART usually range from normal to amnestic cognitive changes, with only a minority exhibiting profound impairment. Because cognitive impairment is often mild, existing clinicopathologic designations, such as "tangle-only dementia" and "tangle-predominant senile dementia", are imprecise and not appropriate for most subjects. PART is almost universally detectable at autopsy among elderly individuals, yet this pathological process cannot be specifically identified pre-mortem at the present time. Improved biomarkers and tau imaging may enable diagnosis of PART in clinical settings in the future. Indeed, recent studies have identified a common biomarker profile consisting of temporal lobe atrophy and tauopathy without evidence of A beta accumulation. For both researchers and clinicians, a revised nomenclature will raise awareness of this extremely common pathologic change while providing a conceptual foundation for future studies. Prior reports that have elucidated features of the pathologic entity we refer to as PART are discussed, and working neuropathological diagnostic criteria are proposed.
|
|
| 13. |
- Dircksen, Heinrich, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
-
Genomics, transcriptomics and peptidomics of Daphnia pulex neuropeptides and protein hormones
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Journal of Proteome Research. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1535-3893 .- 1535-3907. ; 10:10, s. 4478-4504
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report 43 novel genes in the water flea Daphnia pulex encoding 73 predicted neuropeptide and protein hormones as partly confirmed by RT-PCR. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry identified 40 neuropeptides by mass matches and 30 neuropeptides by fragmentation sequencing. Single genes encode adipokinetic hormone, allatostatin-A, allatostatin-B, a first crustacean allatotropin, Ala7-CCAP, one CCHamide, Arg7-corazonin, CRF-like (DH52) and calcitonin-like (DH31) diuretic hormones, two ecdysis-triggering hormones, two FIRFamides, one insulin- and one each of three IGF-related peptides, two alternative splice forms of short and long ion transport peptide (ITP), one each of two N-terminally elongated ITPs, myosuppressin, neuroparsin, two neuropeptide-F splice forms, three periviscerokinins (but no pyrokinins), pigment dispersing hormone, proctolin, Met4-proctolin, one novel short neuropeptide-F, three RYamides, SIFamide, two sulfakinins, three tachykinins. Two genes encode orcokinins, three genes different allatostatins-C. Paired gene clusters occur for two novel eclosion hormones; bursicons alpha, beta; glycoproteins GPA2, GPB5; and two of the allatostatin-C genes. Detailed comparisons of genes or their products with those from insects and decapod crustaceans revealed that the D. pulex peptides are often closer to their insect than to their decapod crustacean homologues, confirming that branchiopods, to which Daphnia belongs, are the ancestor group of insects.
|
|
| 14. |
- Drewnick, Frank, et al.
(författare)
-
Measurement of ambient, interstitial, and residual aerosol particles on a mountaintop site in central Sweden using an aerosol mass spectrometer and a CVI
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0167-7764 .- 1573-0662. ; 56:1, s. 1-20
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer (Q-AMS) was coupled with a counterflow virtual impactor (CVI) for the first time to measure cloud droplet residuals of warm tropospheric clouds on Mt. Areskutan in central Sweden in July 2003. Operating the CVI in different operational modes generated mass concentration and species-resolved mass distribution data for non-refractory species of the ambient, interstitial, and residual aerosol. The ambient aerosol measurements revealed that the aerosol at the site was mainly influenced by long-range transport and regional photochemical generation of nitrate and organic aerosol components. Four different major air masses were identified for the time interval of the experiment. While two air masses that approached the site from northeastern Europe via Finland showed very similar aerosol composition, the other two air masses from polar regions and the British Islands had a significantly different composition. During cloud events the larger aerosol particles were found to be activated into cloud droplets. On a mass basis the activation cut-off diameter was approximately 150 nm for nitrate and organics dominated particles and 200 nm for sulfate dominated particles. Generally nitrate and organics were found to be activated into cloud droplets with higher efficiency than sulfate. While a significant fraction of the nitrate in ambient particles was organic nitrates or nitrogen-containing organic species, the nitrate found in the cloud droplet residuals was mainly ammonium nitrate. After passage of clouds the ambient aerosol size distribution had shifted to smaller particle sizes due to the predominantly activation of larger aerosol particles without a significant change in the relative composition of the ambient aerosol.
|
|
| 15. |
- Drielsma, Johannes A., et al.
(författare)
-
Abiotic raw-materials in life cycle impact assessments: An emerging consensus across disciplines
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Resources. - : MDPI. - 2079-9276. ; 5:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper captures some of the emerging consensus points that came out of the workshop "Mineral Resources in Life Cycle Impact Assessment: Mapping the path forward", held at the Natural History Museum London on 14 October 2015: that current practices rely in many instances on obsolete data, often confuse resource depletion with impacts on resource availability, which can therefore provide inconsistent decision support and lead to misguided claims about environmental performance. Participants agreed it would be helpful to clarify which models estimate depletion and which estimate availability, so that results can be correctly reported in the most appropriate framework. Most participants suggested that resource availability will be more meaningfully addressed within a comprehensive Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment framework rather than limited to an environmental Life Cycle Assessment or Footprint. Presentations from each of the authors are available for download [1].
|
|
| 16. |
- Engström, P., et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of electronic cash registers on reported revenue
- 2024
-
Ingår i: International Tax and Public Finance. - : Springer. - 0927-5940 .- 1573-6970.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We assess the impact of a Swedish regulatory change, which required businesses with any business-to-consumer transactions, whether by cash or card, to use a certified electronic cash register (ECR), on reported revenue. To do this, we use administrative data on the monthly reported revenue of all affected firms and a staggered difference-in-differences approach. Our findings indicate that there was an immediate increase of about 2.7–4.3% in reported revenue following the implementation of a certified ECR. However, the effect was temporary and diminished to zero after just a few months, which indicates that firms found innovative methods to underreport their revenue.
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
- Hilbert, Kevin, et al.
(författare)
-
Cortical and Subcortical Brain Alterations in Specific Phobia and Its Animal and Blood-Injection-Injury Subtypes: A Mega-Analysis From the ENIGMA Anxiety Working Group.
- 2024
-
Ingår i: The American Journal of Psychiatry. - 1535-7228.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Specific phobia is a common anxiety disorder, but the literature on associated brain structure alterations exhibits substantial gaps. The ENIGMA Anxiety Working Group examined brain structure differences between individuals with specific phobias and healthy control subjects as well as between the animal and blood-injection-injury (BII) subtypes of specific phobia. Additionally, the authors investigated associations of brain structure with symptom severity and age (youths vs. adults).Data sets from 31 original studies were combined to create a final sample with 1,452 participants with phobia and 2,991 healthy participants (62.7% female; ages 5-90). Imaging processing and quality control were performed using established ENIGMA protocols. Subcortical volumes as well as cortical surface area and thickness were examined in a preregistered analysis.Compared with the healthy control group, the phobia group showed mostly smaller subcortical volumes, mixed surface differences, and larger cortical thickness across a substantial number of regions. The phobia subgroups also showed differences, including, as hypothesized, larger medial orbitofrontal cortex thickness in BII phobia (N=182) compared with animal phobia (N=739). All findings were driven by adult participants; no significant results were observed in children and adolescents.Brain alterations associated with specific phobia exceeded those of other anxiety disorders in comparable analyses in extent and effect size and were not limited to reductions in brain structure. Moreover, phenomenological differences between phobia subgroups were reflected in diverging neural underpinnings, including brain areas related to fear processing and higher cognitive processes. The findings implicate brain structure alterations in specific phobia, although subcortical alterations in particular may also relate to broader internalizing psychopathology.
|
|
| 19. |
- Hou, Liping, et al.
(författare)
-
Genome-wide association study of 40,000 individuals identifies two novel loci associated with bipolar disorder.
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Human molecular genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2083 .- 0964-6906. ; 25:15, s. 3383-94
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bipolar disorder (BD) is a genetically complex mental illness characterized by severe oscillations of mood and behavior. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several risk loci that together account for a small portion of the heritability. To identify additional risk loci, we performed a two-stage meta-analysis of >9 million genetic variants in 9,784 bipolar disorder patients and 30,471 controls, the largest GWAS of BD to date. In this study, to increase power we used ∼2,000 lithium-treated cases with a long-term diagnosis of BD from the Consortium on Lithium Genetics, excess controls, and analytic methods optimized for markers on the X-chromosome. In addition to four known loci, results revealed genome-wide significant associations at two novel loci: an intergenic region on 9p21.3 (rs12553324, p=5.87×10(-9); odds ratio=1.12) and markers within ERBB2 (rs2517959, p=4.53×10(-9); odds ratio=1.13). No significant X-chromosome associations were detected and X-linked markers explained very little BD heritability. The results add to a growing list of common autosomal variants involved in BD and illustrate the power of comparing well-characterized cases to an excess of controls in GWAS.
|
|
| 20. |
- Jansen, Iris E, et al.
(författare)
-
Genome-wide meta-analysis for Alzheimer's disease cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers.
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Acta neuropathologica. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-0533 .- 0001-6322. ; 144:5, s. 821-842
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Amyloid-beta 42 (Aβ42) and phosphorylated tau (pTau) levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) reflect core features of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) more directly than clinical diagnosis. Initiated by the European Alzheimer & Dementia Biobank (EADB), the largest collaborative effort on genetics underlying CSF biomarkers was established, including 31 cohorts with a total of 13,116 individuals (discovery n=8074; replication n=5042 individuals). Besides the APOE locus, novel associations with two other well-established AD risk loci were observed; CR1 was shown a locus for Aβ42 and BIN1 for pTau. GMNC and C16orf95 were further identified as loci for pTau, of which the latter is novel. Clustering methods exploring the influence of all known AD risk loci on the CSF protein levels, revealed 4 biological categories suggesting multiple Aβ42 and pTau related biological pathways involved in the etiology of AD. In functional follow-up analyses, GMNC and C16orf95 both associated with lateral ventricular volume, implying an overlap in genetic etiology for tau levels and brain ventricular volume.
|
|
| 21. |
|
|
| 22. |
- Keramida, Kalliopi, et al.
(författare)
-
Takotsubo syndrome in Heart Failure and World Congress on Acute Heart Failure 2019: highlights from the experts.
- 2020
-
Ingår i: ESC heart failure. - : Wiley. - 2055-5822. ; 7:2, s. 400-406
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Takotsubo syndrome was featured in various sessions and posters at the recent Heart Failure Congress and World Congress on Acute Heart Failure 2019 held in Athens. The importance and increasing recognition of this acute heart failure syndrome is reflected by the growing activity at Heart Failure Association congresses over the last 8 years. Two dedicated sessions to Takotsubo syndrome with comprehensive lectures from experts in the field and several posters highlighted new scientific progress, important aspects of epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk stratification, and management of the syndrome and discussed gaps in knowledge of this intriguing entity. This paper will summarize the topics discussed in these sessions including the most recent data from large registries, clinical, and pre‐clinical studies presented at the meeting.
|
|
| 23. |
- Klose, Johannes, et al.
(författare)
-
Semi-synthetic salinomycin analogs exert cytotoxic activity against human colorectal cancer stem cells
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-291X. ; 495:1, s. 53-59
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Salinomycin, a polyether antibiotic, is a well-known inhibitor of human cancer stem cells. Chemical modification of the allylic C20 hydroxyl of salinomycin has enabled access to synthetic analogs that display increased cytotoxic activity compared to the native structure. The aim of this study was to investigate the activity of a cohort of C20-O-acyl analogs of salinomycin on human colorectal cancer cell lines in vitro. Two human colorectal cancer cell lines (SW480 and SW620) were exposed to three C20-O-acylated analogs and salinomycin. The impact of salinomycin and its analogs on tumor cell number, migration, cell death, and cancer stem cell specifity was analyzed. Exposure of human colorectal cancer cells to the C20-O-acylated analogs of salinomycin resulted in reduced tumor cell number and impaired tumor cell migration at lower concentrations than salinomycin. When used at higher (micromolar) concentrations, these effects were accompanied by induction of apoptotic cell death. Salinomycin analogs further expose improved activity against cancer stem cells compared to salinomycin.
|
|
| 24. |
- Kovacs, Gabor G., et al.
(författare)
-
Aging-related tau astrogliopathy (ARTAG) : harmonized evaluation strategy
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Acta Neuropathologica. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0001-6322 .- 1432-0533. ; 131:1, s. 87-102
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pathological accumulation of abnormally phosphorylated tau protein in astrocytes is a frequent, but poorly characterized feature of the aging brain. Its etiology is uncertain, but its presence is sufficiently ubiquitous to merit further characterization and classification, which may stimulate clinicopathological studies and research into its pathobiology. This paper aims to harmonize evaluation and nomenclature of aging-related tau astrogliopathy (ARTAG), a term that refers to a morphological spectrum of astroglial pathology detected by tau immunohistochemistry, especially with phosphorylation-dependent and 4R isoform-specific antibodies. ARTAG occurs mainly, but not exclusively, in individuals over 60 years of age. Tau-immunoreactive astrocytes in ARTAG include thorn-shaped astrocytes at the glia limitans and in white matter, as well as solitary or clustered astrocytes with perinuclear cytoplasmic tau immunoreactivity that extends into the astroglial processes as fine fibrillar or granular immunopositivity, typically in gray matter. Various forms of ARTAG may coexist in the same brain and might reflect different pathogenic processes. Based on morphology and anatomical distribution, ARTAG can be distinguished from primary tauopathies, but may be concurrent with primary tauopathies or other disorders. We recommend four steps for evaluation of ARTAG: (1) identification of five types based on the location of either morphologies of tau astrogliopathy: subpial, subependymal, perivascular, white matter, gray matter; (2) documentation of the regional involvement: medial temporal lobe, lobar (frontal, parietal, occipital, lateral temporal), subcortical, brainstem; (3) documentation of the severity of tau astrogliopathy; and (4) description of subregional involvement. Some types of ARTAG may underlie neurological symptoms; however, the clinical significance of ARTAG is currently uncertain and awaits further studies. The goal of this proposal is to raise awareness of astroglial tau pathology in the aged brain, facilitating communication among neuropathologists and researchers, and informing interpretation of clinical biomarkers and imaging studies that focus on tau-related indicators.
|
|
| 25. |
- Lestinsky, M., et al.
(författare)
-
Physics book: CRYRING@ESR
- 2016
-
Ingår i: European Physical Journal: Special Topics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1951-6401 .- 1951-6355. ; 225:5, s. 797-882
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The exploration of the unique properties of stored and cooled beams of highly-charged ions as provided by heavy-ion storage rings has opened novel and fascinating research opportunities in the realm of atomic and nuclear physics research. Since the late 1980s, pioneering work has been performed at the CRYRING at Stockholm (Abrahamsson et al. 1993) and at the Test Storage Ring (TSR) at Heidelberg (Baumann et al. 1988). For the heaviest ions in the highest charge-states, a real quantum jump was achieved in the early 1990s by the commissioning of the Experimental Storage Ring (ESR) at GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung (GSI) in Darmstadt (Franzke 1987) where challenging experiments on the electron dynamics in the strong field regime as well as nuclear physics studies on exotic nuclei and at the borderline to atomic physics were performed. Meanwhile also at Lanzhou a heavy-ion storage ring has been taken in operation, exploiting the unique research opportunities in particular for medium-heavy ions and exotic nuclei (Xia et al. 2002).
|
|
| 26. |
- Liao, Lijun, et al.
(författare)
-
Intestinal dysbiosis augments liver disease progression via NLRP3 in a murine model of primary sclerosing cholangitis.
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Gut. - : BMJ. - 1468-3288 .- 0017-5749. ; 68:8, s. 1477-92
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a striking association between human cholestatic liver disease (CLD) and inflammatory bowel disease. However, the functional implications for intestinal microbiota and inflammasome-mediated innate immune response in CLD remain elusive. Here we investigated the functional role of gut-liver crosstalk for CLD in the murine Mdr2 knockout (Mdr2-/-) model resembling human primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC).Male Mdr2-/-, Mdr2-/- crossed with hepatocyte-specific deletion of caspase-8 (Mdr2-/- /Casp8∆hepa) and wild-type (WT) control mice were housed for 8 or 52weeks, respectively, to characterise the impact of Mdr2 deletion on liver and gut including bile acid and microbiota profiling. To block caspase activation, a pan-caspase inhibitor (IDN-7314) was administered. Finally, the functional role of Mdr2-/- -associated intestinal dysbiosis was studied by microbiota transfer experiments.Mdr2-/- mice displayed an unfavourable intestinal microbiota signature and pronounced NLRP3 inflammasome activation within the gut-liver axis. Intestinal dysbiosis in Mdr2-/- mice prompted intestinal barrier dysfunction and increased bacterial translocation amplifying the hepatic NLRP3-mediated innate immune response. Transfer of Mdr2-/- microbiota into healthy WT control mice induced significant liver injury in recipient mice, highlighting the causal role of intestinal dysbiosis for disease progression. Strikingly, IDN-7314 dampened inflammasome activation, ameliorated liver injury, reversed serum bile acid profile and cholestasis-associated microbiota signature.MDR2-associated cholestasis triggers intestinal dysbiosis. In turn, translocation of endotoxin into the portal vein and subsequent NLRP3 inflammasome activation contribute to higher liver injury. This process does not essentially depend on caspase-8 in hepatocytes, but can be blocked by IDN-7314.
|
|
| 27. |
- Lischner, Johannes, et al.
(författare)
-
Accurate determination of the valence band edge in hard x-ray photoemission spectra using GW theory
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 119:16
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We introduce a new method for determining accurate values of the valence-band maximum in x-ray photoemission spectra. Specifically, we align the sharpest peak in the valence-band region of the experimental spectrum with the corresponding feature of a theoretical valence-band density of states curve from ab initio GW theory calculations. This method is particularly useful for soft and hard x-ray photoemission studies of materials with a mixture of valence-band characters, where strong matrix element effects can render standard methods for extracting the valence-band maximum unreliable. We apply our method to hydrogen-terminated boron-doped diamond, which is a promising substrate material for novel solar cell devices. By carrying out photoemission experiments with variable light polarizations, we verify the accuracy of our analysis and the general validity of the method. Published by AIP Publishing.
|
|
| 28. |
- Mattsson, Lars, 1950-, et al.
(författare)
-
Quality assurance and metrology
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Ceramic Processing in Microtechnology. - Dunbeath : Whittles Publishing. - 9781904445845 ; , s. 305-325
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The cost effective large scale production of reliable micro systems for mechanical and tribological applications requires a customized quality assurance. Equipment and procedures established for the characterization of materials and components on the macro scale very often cannot be successfully applied on the micro scale. Therefore in recent years customized techniques were developed for dimensional control, surface topography and roughness characterization as well as for microstructural analysis, mechanical and tribological testing. This chapter overviews the state-of-the-art of research and technological developments on these fields and thereby responds on the necessary fundamentals of metrology, the constraints of the used equipment and technologies as well as the particular problems arising from characterization of micro components made of ceramic materials.
|
|
| 29. |
- Nelson, Peter T., et al.
(författare)
-
Limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE) : consensus working group report
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Brain. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0006-8950 .- 1460-2156. ; 142, s. 1503-1527
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe a recently recognized disease entity, limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE). LATE neuropathological change (LATE-NC) is defined by a stereotypical TDP-43 proteinopathy in older adults, with or without coexisting hippocampal sclerosis pathology. LATE-NC is a common TDP-43 proteinopathy, associated with an amnestic dementia syndrome that mimicked Alzheimer's-type dementia in retrospective autopsy studies. LATE is distinguished from frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 pathology based on its epidemiology (LATE generally affects older subjects), and relatively restricted neuroanatomical distribution of TDP-43 proteinopathy. In community-based autopsy cohorts, similar to 25% of brains had sufficient burden of LATE-NC to be associated with discernible cognitive impairment. Many subjects with LATE-NC have comorbid brain pathologies, often including amyloid-beta plaques and tauopathy. Given that the oldest-old' are at greatest risk for LATE-NC, and subjects of advanced age constitute a rapidly growing demographic group in many countries, LATE has an expanding but under-recognized impact on public health. For these reasons, a working group was convened to develop diagnostic criteria for LATE, aiming both to stimulate research and to promote awareness of this pathway to dementia. We report consensus-based recommendations including guidelines for diagnosis and staging of LATE-NC. For routine autopsy workup of LATE-NC, an anatomically-based preliminary staging scheme is proposed with TDP-43 immunohistochemistry on tissue from three brain areas, reflecting a hierarchical pattern of brain involvement: amygdala, hippocampus, and middle frontal gyrus. LATE-NC appears to affect the medial temporal lobe structures preferentially, but other areas also are impacted. Neuroimaging studies demonstrated that subjects with LATE-NC also had atrophy in the medial temporal lobes, frontal cortex, and other brain regions. Genetic studies have thus far indicated five genes with risk alleles for LATE-NC: GRN, TMEM106B, ABCC9, KCNMB2, and APOE. The discovery of these genetic risk variants indicate that LATE shares pathogenetic mechanisms with both frontotemporal lobar degeneration and Alzheimer's disease, but also suggests disease-specific underlying mechanisms. Large gaps remain in our understanding of LATE. For advances in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, there is an urgent need for research focused on LATE, including in vitro and animal models. An obstacle to clinical progress is lack of diagnostic tools, such as biofluid or neuroimaging biomarkers, for ante-mortem detection of LATE. Development of a disease biomarker would augment observational studies seeking to further define the risk factors, natural history, and clinical features of LATE, as well as eventual subject recruitment for targeted therapies in clinical trials.
|
|
| 30. |
- Nelson, Peter T., et al.
(författare)
-
Reply : LATE to the PART-y
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Brain. - : Oxford University Press. - 0006-8950 .- 1460-2156. ; 142
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 31. |
- Omerovic, Elmir, 1968, et al.
(författare)
-
Pathophysiology of Takotsubo Syndrome - a joint scientific statement from the Heart Failure Association Takotsubo Syndrome Study Group and Myocardial Function Working Group of the European Society of Cardiology - Part 2: vascular pathophysiology, gender and sex hormones, genetics, chronic cardiovascular problems and clinical implications.
- 2022
-
Ingår i: European journal of heart failure. - : Wiley. - 1879-0844 .- 1388-9842. ; 24:2, s. 274-286
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While the first part of the scientific statement on the pathophysiology of Takotsubo syndrome was focused the catecholamines and sympathetic nervous system, in the second part we focus on the vascular pathophysiology including coronary and systemic vascular responses, the role of the central and peripheral nervous systems during the acute phase and abnormalities in the subacute phase, the gender differences and integrated effects of sex hormones, genetics of Takotsubo syndrome including insights from microRNA studies and inducible pluripotent stem cell models of Takotsubo syndrome. We then discuss the chronic abnormalities of cardiovascular physiology in survivors, the limitations of current clinical and preclinical studies, the implications of the knowledge of pathophysiology for clinical management and future perspectives and directions of research. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 32. |
- Pimienta, Pierre, et al.
(författare)
-
Recommendation of RILEM TC 256-SPF on fire spalling assessment during standardised fire resistance tests : complementary guidance and requirements
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Materials and Structures/Materiaux et Constructions. - : Springer Science and Business Media B.V.. - 1359-5997 .- 1871-6873. ; 57:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The recommendation is based on the co-authors’ work organized by the RILEM TC 256-SPF “Spalling of concrete due to fire: testing and modelling”. It aims to provide useful information, guidance and best practices in fire spalling assessment to laboratories that perform large-scale tests based on fire resistance test standards. It provides guidance on the spalling observation techniques during testing, as well as post-test spalling quantification/assessment methods. This document is intended to be used in conjunction with the fire resistance test standards, e.g. EN 1363-1 and ISO 834-1.
|
|
| 33. |
- Pimienta, Pierre, et al.
(författare)
-
Recommendation of RILEM TC 256-SPF on the method of testing concrete spalling due to fire : material screening test
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Materials and Structures/Materiaux et Constructions. - : Springer Science and Business Media B.V.. - 1359-5997 .- 1871-6873. ; 56:9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The recommendation is based on the co-authors’ work organized by the RILEM TC 256-SPF “Spalling of concrete due to fire: testing and modelling”. The Committee has defined two types of screening tests for characterization of concrete propensity to fire spalling: Material screening tests and Product screening tests. Definitions of both types of tests are given in the paper. The following recommendations apply to Material screening tests. The material screening tests described in these recommendations are a set of minimum requirements to test concrete spalling propensity (for example, the minimal specimen size). This document covers the aspects of concrete characterization, specimen geometries, storage conditions, test methods and measured parameters.
|
|
| 34. |
- Richards, Stephen, et al.
(författare)
-
The genome of the model beetle and pest Tribolium castaneum.
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Nature. - 1476-4687. ; 452:7190, s. 949-55
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tribolium castaneum is a representative of earth’s most numerous eukaryotic order, a powerful model organism for the study of generalized insect development, and also an important pest of stored agricultural products. We describe its genome sequence here. This omnivorous beetle has evolved an ability to interact with a diverse chemical environment as evidenced by large expansions in odorant and gustatory receptors, as well as p450 and other detoxification enzymes. Developmental patterns in Tribolium are more representative of other arthropods than those found in Drosophila, a fact represented in gene content and function. For one, Tribolium has retained more ancestral genes involved in cell-cell communication than Drosophila, and some are expressed in the growth zone crucial for axial elongation in short germ development. Systemic RNAi in T. castaneum appears to use mechanisms distinct from those found in C. elegans, but nevertheless offers similar power for the elucidation of gene function and identification of targets for selective insect control.
|
|
| 35. |
- Rosati, Roberto, et al.
(författare)
-
Dark exciton anti-funneling in atomically thin semiconductors
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723 .- 2041-1723. ; 12:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Strain engineering can manipulate the propagation of excitons in atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides. Here, the authors observe an anti-funnelling behavior, i.e., the exciton photoluminescence moves away from high-strain regions, and attribute it to the dominating role of propagating dark excitons. Transport of charge carriers is at the heart of current nanoelectronics. In conventional materials, electronic transport can be controlled by applying electric fields. Atomically thin semiconductors, however, are governed by excitons, which are neutral electron-hole pairs and as such cannot be controlled by electrical fields. Recently, strain engineering has been introduced to manipulate exciton propagation. Strain-induced energy gradients give rise to exciton funneling up to a micrometer range. Here, we combine spatiotemporal photoluminescence measurements with microscopic theory to track the way of excitons in time, space and energy. We find that excitons surprisingly move away from high-strain regions. This anti-funneling behavior can be ascribed to dark excitons which possess an opposite strain-induced energy variation compared to bright excitons. Our findings open new possibilities to control transport in exciton-dominated materials. Overall, our work represents a major advance in understanding exciton transport that is crucial for technological applications of atomically thin materials.
|
|
| 36. |
- Sachpekidis, Christos, et al.
(författare)
-
Artificial intelligence–based, volumetric assessment of the bone marrow metabolic activity in [ 18 F]FDG PET/CT predicts survival in multiple myeloma
- 2024
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. - 1619-7070 .- 1619-7089. ; 51:8, s. 2293-2307
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a highly heterogeneous disease with wide variations in patient outcome. [18F]FDG PET/CT can provide prognostic information in MM, but it is hampered by issues regarding standardization of scan interpretation. Our group has recently demonstrated the feasibility of automated, volumetric assessment of bone marrow (BM) metabolic activity on PET/CT using a novel artificial intelligence (AI)–based tool. Accordingly, the aim of the current study is to investigate the prognostic role of whole-body calculations of BM metabolism in patients with newly diagnosed MM using this AI tool. Materials and methods: Forty-four, previously untreated MM patients underwent whole-body [18F]FDG PET/CT. Automated PET/CT image segmentation and volumetric quantification of BM metabolism were based on an initial CT-based segmentation of the skeleton, its transfer to the standardized uptake value (SUV) PET images, subsequent application of different SUV thresholds, and refinement of the resulting regions using postprocessing. In the present analysis, ten different uptake thresholds (AI approaches), based on reference organs or absolute SUV values, were applied for definition of pathological tracer uptake and subsequent calculation of the whole-body metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG). Correlation analysis was performed between the automated PET values and histopathological results of the BM as well as patients’ progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to investigate the discrimination performance of MTV and TLG for prediction of 2-year PFS. The prognostic performance of the new Italian Myeloma criteria for PET Use (IMPeTUs) was also investigated. Results: Median follow-up [95% CI] of the patient cohort was 110 months [105–123 months]. AI-based BM segmentation and calculation of MTV and TLG were feasible in all patients. A significant, positive, moderate correlation was observed between the automated quantitative whole-body PET/CT parameters, MTV and TLG, and BM plasma cell infiltration for all ten [18F]FDG uptake thresholds. With regard to PFS, univariable analysis for both MTV and TLG predicted patient outcome reasonably well for all AI approaches. Adjusting for cytogenetic abnormalities and BM plasma cell infiltration rate, multivariable analysis also showed prognostic significance for high MTV, which defined pathological [18F]FDG uptake in the BM via the liver. In terms of OS, univariable and multivariable analysis showed that whole-body MTV, again mainly using liver uptake as reference, was significantly associated with shorter survival. In line with these findings, ROC curve analysis showed that MTV and TLG, assessed using liver-based cut-offs, could predict 2-year PFS rates. The application of IMPeTUs showed that the number of focal hypermetabolic BM lesions and extramedullary disease had an adverse effect on PFS. Conclusions: The AI-based, whole-body calculations of BM metabolism via the parameters MTV and TLG not only correlate with the degree of BM plasma cell infiltration, but also predict patient survival in MM. In particular, the parameter MTV, using the liver uptake as reference for BM segmentation, provides solid prognostic information for disease progression. In addition to highlighting the prognostic significance of automated, global volumetric estimation of metabolic tumor burden, these data open up new perspectives towards solving the complex problem of interpreting PET scans in MM with a simple, fast, and robust method that is not affected by operator-dependent interventions.
|
|
| 37. |
- Schneider, Sven, et al.
(författare)
-
Towards the Application of Process Calculi in the Domain of Peer-to-Peer Algorithms
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Autonomous Systems – Self-Organization, Management, and Control. - Dordrecht : Springer Science+Business Media B.V.. ; , s. 97-104
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Peer-to-Peer (p2p) algorithms are nowadays standard. However, their specification and verification is not. Currently, the properties that such algorithms should satisfy are stated informally, and the algorithms themselves are often given as pseudo-code. Because of this, no satisfying methods for modeling, specifying and/or verifying these algorithms have yet been developed. We therefore propose a distributed stochastic process calculus to model such algorithms and to formally state and prove relevant functional and performance properties.
|
|
| 38. |
- Sirocko, Frank, et al.
(författare)
-
Muted multidecadal climate variability in central Europe during cold stadial periods
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Nature Geoscience. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1752-0894 .- 1752-0908. ; 14, s. 651-658
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the last ice age, the Northern Hemisphere experienced a series of abrupt millennial-scale climatic changes linked to variations in the strength of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation and sea-ice extent. However, our understanding of their impacts on decadal-scale climate variability in central Europe has been limited by the lack of high-resolution continental archives. Here, we present a near annual-resolution climate proxy record of central European temperature reconstructed from the Eifel maar lakes of Holzmaar and Auel in Germany, spanning the past 60,000 years. The lake sediments reveal a series of previously undocumented multidecadal climate cycles of around 20 to 150 years that persisted through the last glacial cycle. The periodicity of these cycles suggests that they are related to the Atlantic multidecadal climate oscillations found in the instrumental record and in other climate archives during the Holocene. Our record shows that multidecadal variability in central Europe was strong during all warm interstadials, but was substantially muted during all cold stadial periods. We suggest that this decrease in multidecadal variability was the result of the atmospheric circulation changes associated with the weakening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation and the expansion of North Atlantic sea-ice cover during the coldest parts of the last ice age.
|
|
| 39. |
- Stauffer, Flurin, et al.
(författare)
-
Soft Electronic Strain Sensor with Chipless Wireless Readout: Toward Real-Time Monitoring of Bladder Volume
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Advanced Materials Technologies. - : WILEY. - 2365-709X. ; 3:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sensing mechanical tissue deformation in vivo can provide detailed information on organ functionality and tissue states. To bridge the huge mechanical mismatch between conventional electronics and biological tissues, stretchable electronic systems have recently been developed for interfacing tissues in healthcare applications. A major challenge for wireless electronic implants is that they typically require microchips, which adds complexity and may compromise long-term stability. Here, a chipless wireless strain sensor technology based on a novel soft conductor with high cyclic stability is reported. The composite material consists of gold-coated titanium dioxide nanowires embedded in a soft silicone elastomer. The implantable strain sensor is based on an resonant circuit which consists of a stretchable plate capacitor and a coil for inductive readout of its resonance frequency. Successful continuous wireless readout during 50% strain cycles is demonstrated. The sensor element has a Youngs modulus of 260 kPa, similar to that of the bladder in order to not impair physiological bladder expansion. A proof-of-principle measurement on an ex vivo porcine bladder is presented, which shows the feasibility of the presented materials and devices for continuous, wireless strain monitoring of various tissues and organs in vivo.
|
|
| 40. |
|
|
| 41. |
-
The Seventeenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys : Complete Release of MaNGA, MaStar, and APOGEE-2 Data
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 0067-0049 .- 1538-4365. ; 259:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper documents the seventeenth data release (DR17) from the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys; the fifth and final release from the fourth phase (SDSS-IV). DR17 contains the complete release of the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey, which reached its goal of surveying over 10,000 nearby galaxies. The complete release of the MaNGA Stellar Library accompanies this data, providing observations of almost 30,000 stars through the MaNGA instrument during bright time. DR17 also contains the complete release of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 survey that publicly releases infrared spectra of over 650,000 stars. The main sample from the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS), as well as the subsurvey Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey data were fully released in DR16. New single-fiber optical spectroscopy released in DR17 is from the SPectroscipic IDentification of ERosita Survey subsurvey and the eBOSS-RM program. Along with the primary data sets, DR17 includes 25 new or updated value-added catalogs. This paper concludes the release of SDSS-IV survey data. SDSS continues into its fifth phase with observations already underway for the Milky Way Mapper, Local Volume Mapper, and Black Hole Mapper surveys.
|
|
| 42. |
- Travaglini, Gabriele, et al.
(författare)
-
The SAGEX review on scattering amplitudes
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of Physics A. - : IOP Publishing. - 1751-8113 .- 1751-8121. ; 55:44
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This is an introduction to, and invitation to read, a series of review articles on scattering amplitudes in gauge theory, gravity, and superstring theory. Our aim is to provide an overview of the field, from basic aspects to a selection of current (2022) research and developments.
|
|
| 43. |
- Tzikas, Apostolos, et al.
(författare)
-
Percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion : the Munich consensus document on definitions, endpoints, and data collection requirements for clinical studies
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Europace. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS. - 1099-5129 .- 1532-2092. ; 19:1, s. 4-15
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increasing interest in left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) for ischaemic stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (AF) fuels the need for more clinical data on the safety and effectiveness of this therapy. Besides an assessment of the effectiveness of the therapy in specific patients groups, comparisons with pharmacological stroke prophylaxis, surgical approaches, and other device-based therapies are warranted. This paper documents the consensus reached among clinical experts in relevant disciplines from Europe and North America, European cardiology professional societies, and representatives from the medical device industry regarding definitions for parameters and endpoints to be assessed in clinical studies. Adherence to these definitions is proposed in order to achieve a consistent approach across clinical studies on LAAO among the involved stakeholders and various clinical disciplines and thereby facilitate continued evaluation of therapeutic strategies available.
|
|
| 44. |
- Tzikas, Apostolos, et al.
(författare)
-
Percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion : the Munich consensus document on definitions, endpoints and data collection requirements for clinical studies
- 2016
-
Ingår i: EuroIntervention. - 1774-024X .- 1969-6213. ; 12:1, s. 103-111
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increasing interest in left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) for ischaemic stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (AF) fuels the need for more clinical data on the safety and effectiveness of this therapy. Besides an assessment of the effectiveness of the therapy in specific patient groups, comparisons with pharmacological stroke prophylaxis, surgical approaches and other device-based therapies are warranted. This paper documents the consensus reached among clinical experts in relevant disciplines from Europe and North America, European cardiology professional societies and representatives from the medical device industry regarding defmitions for parameters and endpoints to be assessed in clinical studies. Adherence to these definitions is proposed in order to achieve a consistent approach across clinical studies on LAAO among the involved stakeholders and various clinical disciplines and thereby facilitate continued evaluation of therapeutic strategies available.
|
|
| 45. |
- Zhang, Huan, et al.
(författare)
-
East Asian warm season temperature variations over the past two millennia
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- East Asia has experienced strong warming since the 1960s accompanied by an increased frequency of heat waves and shrinking glaciers over the Tibetan Plateau and the Tien Shan. Here, we place the recent warmth in a long-term perspective by presenting a new spatially resolved warm-season (May-September) temperature reconstruction for the period 1-2000 CE using 59 multiproxy records from a wide range of East Asian regions. Our Bayesian Hierarchical Model (BHM) based reconstructions generally agree with earlier shorter regional temperature reconstructions but are more stable due to additional temperature sensitive proxies. We find a rather warm period during the first two centuries CE, followed by a multi-century long cooling period and again a warm interval covering the 900-1200 CE period (Medieval Climate Anomaly, MCA). The interval from 1450 to 1850 CE (Little Ice Age, LIA) was characterized by cooler conditions and the last 150 years are characterized by a continuous warming until recent times. Our results also suggest that the 1990s were likely the warmest decade in at least 1200 years. The comparison between an ensemble of climate model simulations and our summer reconstructions since 850 CE shows good agreement and an important role of internal variability and external forcing on multi-decadal time-scales.
|
|
