| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 3. |
- Cederholm, Tommy, et al.
(författare)
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ESPEN guidelines on definitions and terminology of clinical nutrition
- 2017
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Ingår i: Clinical Nutrition. - 0261-5614 .- 1532-1983. ; 36:1, s. 49-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundA lack of agreement on definitions and terminology used for nutrition-related concepts and procedures limits the development of clinical nutrition practice and research.ObjectiveThis initiative aimed to reach a consensus for terminology for core nutritional concepts and procedures.MethodsThe European Society of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) appointed a consensus group of clinical scientists to perform a modified Delphi process that encompassed e-mail communication, face-to-face meetings, in-group ballots and an electronic ESPEN membership Delphi round.ResultsFive key areas related to clinical nutrition were identified: concepts; procedures; organisation; delivery; and products. One core concept of clinical nutrition is malnutrition/undernutrition, which includes disease-related malnutrition (DRM) with (eq. cachexia) and without inflammation, and malnutrition/undernutrition without disease, e.g. hunger-related malnutrition. Over-nutrition (overweight and obesity) is another core concept. Sarcopenia and frailty were agreed to be separate conditions often associated with malnutrition. Examples of nutritional procedures identified include screening for subjects at nutritional risk followed by a complete nutritional assessment. Hospital and care facility catering are the basic organizational forms for providing nutrition. Oral nutritional supplementation is the preferred way of nutrition therapy but if inadequate then other forms of medical nutrition therapy, i.e. enteral tube feeding and parenteral (intravenous) nutrition, becomes the major way of nutrient delivery.ConclusionAn agreement of basic nutritional terminology to be used in clinical practice, research, and the ESPEN guideline developments has been established. This terminology consensus may help to support future global consensus efforts and updates of classification systems such as the International Classification of Disease (ICD). The continuous growth of knowledge in all areas addressed in this statement will provide the foundation for future revisions.
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| 4. |
- Rosen, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Ab initio studies of adsorption and migration surface processes on an α-Al2O3 surface
- 2005
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Ingår i: Solid State Communications. - : Elsevier BV. - 0038-1098 .- 1879-2766. ; 135:1-2, s. 90-94
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surface processes on α-Al2O3 (0001) have been investigated theoretically using density functional theory. Ion–surface interactions prior to collision were investigated by means of ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, showing an adsorbate trajectory towards a preferred adsorption site. Furthermore, the adsorption process at different surface sites was investigated, together with calculations of barriers for migration between these sites. Although the equilibrium (bulk) adsorption site was energetically favourable, the presence and magnitude of the migration barriers indicate that activation energy is necessary to form the equilibrium surface structure. These results are of importance for a fundamental understanding of ion–surface interactions.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Bergenfelz, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of autofluorescence for detection of parathyroid glands during thyroidectomy on postoperative parathyroid hormone levels: parallel multicentre randomized clinical trial
- 2023
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Ingår i: The British journal of surgery. - 1365-2168 .- 0007-1323. ; 110:12, s. 1824-1833
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Techniques for autofluorescence have been introduced to visualize the parathyroid glands during surgery and to reduce hypoparathyroidism after thyroidectomy. METHODS: This parallel multicentre RCT investigated the use of Fluobeam® LX to visualize the parathyroid glands by autofluorescence during total thyroidectomy compared with no use. There was no restriction on the indication for surgery. Patients were randomized 1 : 1 and were blinded to the group allocation. The hypothesis was that autofluorescence enables identification and protection of the parathyroid glands during thyroidectomy. The primary endpoint was the rate of low parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels the day after surgery. RESULTS: Some 535 patients were randomized, and 486 patients received an intervention according to the study protocol, 246 in the Fluobeam® LX group and 240 in the control group. Some 64 patients (26.0 per cent) in the Fluobeam® LX group and 77 (32.1 per cent) in the control group had low levels of PTH after thyroidectomy (P = 0.141; relative risk (RR) 0.81, 95 per cent c.i. 0.61 to 1.07). Subanalysis of 174 patients undergoing central lymph node clearance showed that 15 of 82 (18 per cent) in the Fluobeam® LX group and 31 of 92 (33 per cent) in the control group had low levels of PTH on postoperative day 1 (P = 0.021; RR 0.54, 0.31 to 0.93). More parathyroid glands were identified during operation in patients who had surgery with Fluobeam® LX, and fewer parathyroid glands in the surgical specimen on definitive histopathology. No specific harm related to the use of Fluobeam® LX was reported. CONCLUSION: The use of autofluorescence during thyroidectomy did not reduce the rate of low PTH levels on postoperative day 1 in the whole group of patients. It did, however, reduce the rate in a subgroup of patients.
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| 8. |
- Berglund, David, et al.
(författare)
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Isolation, expansion and functional assessment of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells and Tr1 cells from uremic patients awaiting kidney transplantation
- 2012
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Ingår i: Transplant Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0966-3274 .- 1878-5492. ; 26:1, s. 27-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The immunosuppressive properties of regulatory T cells have emerged as an attractive tool for the development of immunotherapies in various disease contexts, e.g. to treat transplantation induced immune reactions. This paper focuses on the process of obtaining and functionally characterizing CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells and Tr1 cells from uremic patients awaiting kidney transplantation. Methods: From October 2010 to March 2011 uremic patients awaiting living donor kidney transplantation, and their corresponding kidney donors, were enrolled in the study. A total of seven pairs were included. Isolation of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells was performed by magnetic activated cell sorting of peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from the uremic patients. Donor specific Tr1 cells were differentiated by repetitive stimulation of immature CD4+ T cells with immature dendritic cells, with the T cells coming from the future kidney recipients and the dendritic cells from the corresponding kidney donors. Cells were then expanded and functionally characterized by the one-way mixed leukocyte reaction and assessment of IL-10 production. Phenotypic analysis was performed by flow cytometry. Results: The fraction of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells after expansion varied from 39.1 to 50.4% and the cells retained their ability to substantially suppress the mixed leukocyte reaction in all but one patient (3.8–19.2% of the baseline stimulated leukocyte activity, p<0.05). Tr1 cells were successfully differentiated from all but one patient and produced high levels of IL-10 when stimulated with immature dendritic cells (1,275–11,038% of the baseline IL-10 secretion, pb0.05). Conclusion: It is practically feasible to obtain and subsequently expand CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells and Tr1 cells from uremic patients without loss of function as assessed by in vitro analyses. This forms a base for adoptive regulatory T cell therapy in the setting of living donor kidney transplantation.
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| 9. |
- Birgegård, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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High incidence of iron depletion and restless leg syndrome (RLS) in regular blood donors : intravenous iron sucrose substitution more effective than oral iron
- 2010
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Ingår i: Vox Sanguinis. - : Wiley. - 0042-9007 .- 1423-0410. ; 99:4, s. 354-361
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and objectives Iron depletion is common in regular blood donors. The objective of the study was to investigate the frequency and severity of iron depletion in regular blood donors and whether IV iron is more effective than oral to avoid iron depletion and symptoms thereof, especially restless legs syndrome (RLS). Method One hundred and twenty blood donors with at least five previous whole blood donations were randomized to receive either IV iron sucrose (Venofer (R), RenaPharma/Vifor, Uppsala, Sweden), 200 mg, or to 20 x 100 mg of oral iron sulphate (Duroferon (R), GlaxoSmithKline, Stockholm, Sweden), after each blood donation during 1 year. Iron status and RLS incidence and severity were investigated. Results Iron status was generally poor among regular blood donors, especially in women, with a high incidence of iron depletion (> 20%) and RLS (18%). The IV iron group increased storage iron to a greater extent than the oral iron group after 12 months (P = 0 center dot 0043). Female donors were more responsive to IV iron sucrose compared to oral iron sulphate, particularly female donors below 50 years of age. RLS severity scores were significantly lower in the IV iron group. The two treatments were safe. Conclusion Iron status is poor in regular blood donors, restless legs syndrome is common, and the routine iron supplementation is insufficient. IV iron sucrose substitutes iron loss in blood donors more efficiently compared with oral iron sulphate, especially in women. Iron substitution to blood donors should be individualized and based on P-ferritin monitoring.
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| 10. |
- Bourelius, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Öppna digitala resurser (OER)
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nyheter & Debatt. - 1651-3363. ; :3, s. 4-4
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Lärande sker i sociala sammanhang. Genom nätet är klassrummet idag globalt. Tusentals universitet, skolor och lärare i världen delar idag med sig av kursmaterial, föreläsningar, experiment, reportage och bilder så att andra kan återanvända materialet i sin undervisning.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Faraci, M., et al.
(författare)
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Gonadal Function after Busulfan Compared with Treosulfan in Children and Adolescents Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant
- 2019
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Ingår i: Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation. - : Elsevier BV. - 1083-8791. ; 25:9, s. 1786-1791
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gonadal impairment is an important late effect with a significant impact on quality of life of transplanted patients. The aim of this study was to compare gonadal function after busulfan (Bu) or treosulfan (Treo) conditioning regimens in pre- and postpubertal children. This retrospective, multicenter study included children transplanted in pediatric European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) centers between 1992 and 2012 who did not receive gonadotoxic chemoradiotherapy before the transplant. We evaluated 137 patients transplanted in 25 pediatric EBMT centers. Median age at transplant was 11.04 years (range, 5 to 18); 89 patients were boys and 48 girls. Eighty-nine patients were prepubertal at transplant and 48 postpubertal. One hundred eighteen children received Bu and 19 Treo. A higher proportion of girls treated with Treo in the prepubertal stage reached spontaneous puberty compared with those treated with Bu (P = .02). Spontaneous menarche was more frequent after Treo than after Bu (P < .001). Postpubertal boys and girls treated with Treo had significantly lower luteinizing hormone levels (P = .03 and P = .04, respectively) compared with the Bu group. Frequency of gonadal damage associated with Treo was significantly lower than that observed after Bu. These results need to be confirmed in a larger population. © 2019
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Heiri, Oliver, et al.
(författare)
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Palaeoclimate records 60-8 ka in the Austrian and Swiss Alps and their forelands
- 2014
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Ingår i: Quaternary Science Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 0277-3791 .- 1873-457X. ; 106, s. 186-205
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European Alps and their forelands provide a range of different archives and climate proxies for developing climate records in the time interval 60-8 thousand years (ka) ago. We review quantitative and semi-quantitative approaches for reconstructing climatic variables in the Austrian and Swiss sector of the Alpine region within this time interval. Available quantitative to semi-quantitative climate records in this region are mainly based on fossil assemblages of biota such as chironomids, cladocerans, co-leopterans, diatoms and pollen preserved in lake sediments and peat, the analysis of oxygen isotopes in speleothems and lake sediment records, the reconstruction of past variations in treeline altitude, the reconstruction of past equilibrium line altitude and extent of glaciers based on geomorphological evidence, and the interpretation of past soil formation processes, dust deposition and permafrost as apparent in loess-palaeosol sequences. Palaeoclimate reconstructions in the Alpine region are affected by dating uncertainties increasing with age, the fragmentary nature of most of the available records, which typically only incorporate a fraction of the time interval of interest, and the limited replication of records within and between regions. Furthermore, there have been few attempts to cross-validate different approaches across this time interval to confirm reconstructed patterns of climatic change by several independent lines of evidence. Based on our review we identify a number of developments that would provide major advances for palaeoclimate reconstruction for the period 60-8 ka in the Alps and their forelands. These include (1) the compilation of individual, fragmentary records to longer and continuous reconstructions, (2) replication of climate records and the development of regional reconstructions for different parts of the Alps, (3) the cross-validation of different proxy-types and approaches, and (4) the reconstruction of past variations in climate gradients across the Alps and their forelands. Furthermore, the development of downscaled climate model runs for the Alpine region 60-8 ka, and of forward modelling approaches for climate proxies would expand the opportunities for quantitative assessments of climatic conditions in Europe within this time-interval.
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| 15. |
- Hiesmayr, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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The Patient- And Nutrition-Derived Outcome Risk Assessment Score (PANDORA) : Development of a Simple Predictive Risk Score for 30-Day In-Hospital Mortality Based on Demographics, Clinical Observation, and Nutrition
- 2015
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 10:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To develop a simple scoring system to predict 30 day in-hospital mortality of in-patients excluding those from intensive care units based on easily obtainable demographic, disease and nutrition related patient data. Methods Score development with general estimation equation methodology and model selection by P-value thresholding based on a cross-sectional sample of 52 risk indicators with 123 item classes collected with questionnaires and stored in an multilingual online database. Setting Worldwide prospective cross-sectional cohort with 30 day in-hospital mortality from the nutritionDay 2006-2009 and an external validation sample from 2012. Results We included 43894 patients from 2480 units in 32 countries. 1631(3.72%) patients died within 30 days in hospital. The Patient-And Nutrition-Derived Outcome Risk Assessment (PANDORA) score predicts 30-day hospital mortality based on 7 indicators with 31 item classes on a scale from 0 to 75 points. The indicators are age (0 to 17 points), nutrient intake on nutritionDay (0 to 12 points), mobility (0 to 11 points), fluid status (0 to 10 points), BMI (0 to 9 points), cancer (9 points) and main patient group (0 to 7 points). An appropriate model fit has been achieved. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for mortality prediction was 0.82 in the development sample and 0.79 in the external validation sample. Conclusions The PANDORA score is a simple, robust scoring system for a general population of hospitalised patients to be used for risk stratification and benchmarking.
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| 16. |
- Izdebski, Adam, et al.
(författare)
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Realising consilience : How better communication between archaeologists, historians and natural scientists can transform the study of past climate change in the Mediterranean
- 2016
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Ingår i: Quaternary Science Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 0277-3791 .- 1873-457X. ; 136, s. 5-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reviews the methodological and practical issues relevant to the ways in which natural scientists, historians and archaeologists may collaborate in the study of past climatic changes in the Mediterranean basin. We begin by discussing the methodologies of these three disciplines in the context of the consilience debate, that is, attempts to unify different research methodologies that address similar problems. We demonstrate that there are a number of similarities in the fundamental methodology between history, archaeology, and the natural sciences that deal with the past (palaeoenvironmental sciences), due to their common interest in studying societal and environmental phenomena that no longer exist. The three research traditions, for instance, employ specific narrative structures as a means of communicating research results. We thus present and compare the narratives characteristic of each discipline; in order to engage in fruitful interdisciplinary exchange, we must first understand how each deals with the societal impacts of climatic change. In the second part of the paper, we focus our discussion on the four major practical issues that hinder communication between the three disciplines. These include terminological misunderstandings, problems relevant to project design, divergences in publication cultures, and differing views on the impact of research. Among other recommendations, we suggest that scholars from the three disciplines should aim to create a joint publication culture, which should also appeal to a wider public, both inside and outside of academia.
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| 17. |
- Kehoe, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Make EU trade with Brazil sustainable
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 364:6438, s. 341-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Michelo, Charles, et al.
(författare)
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Working towards inclusive, socially accountable and resilient community health systems : an introduction to a special issue
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Health Policy and Management. - : Maad Rayan Publishing Company. - 2322-5939. ; 11:1, s. 1-4
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This editorial introduces the eleven papers in the special issue titled: The multiple lenses on the community health system: implications for research and action. Our editorial begins by describing the collaboration that led to the special issue, and then gives an overview of the contents of the special issue, which include two framing papers and nine empirical contributions from researchers in Zambia, Tanzania, Sweden, South Africa, India, and Australia. We conclude by considering how these papers collectively speak to the theme of resilience.
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| 20. |
- Mumba Zulu, Joseph, 1980-
(författare)
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Integration of national community-based health worker programmes in health systems : Lessons learned from Zambia and other low and middle income countries
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: To address the huge human resources for health (HRH) crisis that Zambia and other low and middle income countries (LMICs) are experiencing, most LMICs have engaged the services of small scale community-based health worker (CBHW) programmes. However, several challenges affect the CBHWs’ ability to deliver services. Integration of national CBHW programmes into health systems is an emerging innovative strategy for addressing the challenges. Integration is important because it facilitates recognition of CBHWs in the national primary health care system. However, the integration process has not been optimal, and a more comprehensive understanding of the factors that shape the integration process is lacking. This study aimed at addressing this gap by analysing the integration process of national CBHW programmes in health systems in LMICs, with a special emphasis on Zambia.Methodology: This was a qualitative study that used case study and systematic review study designs. The case study focused on Zambia and analysed the integration processes of Community Health Assistants (CHAs) into the health system at district level (Papers I-III). Data collected using key informant interviews, participant observation, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions were analysed using thematic analysis. The systematic review analysed, using thematic and pathways analysis, the integration process of national CBHWs into health systems in LMICs (Brazil, Ethiopia, India and Pakistan)-(Paper IV). The framework on the integration of health innovations into health systems guided the overall analysis.Results: Factors that facilitated the integration of CHAs into the health system in Zambia included the HRH crisis which triggered the willingness by the Ministry of Health to develop and support implementation of the integration strategy-the CHA strategy. In addition, the attributes of the CHA strategy, such as the perceived competence of CHAs compared to other CBHWs, enhanced the community’s confidence in the CHA services. Involvement of the community in selecting CHAs also increased the community’s sense of programme ownership. However, health system characteristics such as limited support by some support staff, supply shortages as well as limited integration of CHAs into the district governance system affected CHAs’ ability to deliver services. In other LMICs, as in Zambia, the HRH problems necessitated the development of integration strategies. In addition, the perceived relative advantage of national CBHWs with regard to delivering health services compared to the other CBHWs also facilitated the integration process. Furthermore, the involvement of community members and some politicians in programme processes enhanced the perceived legitimacy, credibility and relevance of programmes in other LMICs. Finally, the integration process within the existing health systems enhanced programme compatibility with health system elements such as financing. However, a rapid scale-up process, resistance from other health workers, ineffective incentive structures, and discrimination of CBHWs based on social, gender and economic status inhibited the integration process of national CBHWs into the health systems.Conclusion: Strengthening the integration process requires fully integrating the programme into the district health governance system; being aware of the factors that can influence the integration process such as incentives, supplies and communication systems; clear definition of tasks and work relationships; and adopting a stepwise approach to integration process.
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| 21. |
- Nene, Vishvanath, et al.
(författare)
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Genome sequence of Aedes aegypti, a major arbovirus vector.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Science (New York, N.Y.). - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1095-9203 .- 0036-8075. ; 316:5832, s. 1718-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a draft sequence of the genome of Aedes aegypti, the primary vector for yellow fever and dengue fever, which at approximately 1376 million base pairs is about 5 times the size of the genome of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. Nearly 50% of the Ae. aegypti genome consists of transposable elements. These contribute to a factor of approximately 4 to 6 increase in average gene length and in sizes of intergenic regions relative to An. gambiae and Drosophila melanogaster. Nonetheless, chromosomal synteny is generally maintained among all three insects, although conservation of orthologous gene order is higher (by a factor of approximately 2) between the mosquito species than between either of them and the fruit fly. An increase in genes encoding odorant binding, cytochrome P450, and cuticle domains relative to An. gambiae suggests that members of these protein families underpin some of the biological differences between the two mosquito species.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Rieke, Johanna Magdalena, et al.
(författare)
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SLC20A1Is Involved in Urinary Tract and Urorectal Development
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology. - : FRONTIERS MEDIA SA. - 2296-634X. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies in developingXenopusand zebrafish reported that the phosphate transporterslc20a1ais expressed in pronephric kidneys. The recent identification ofSLC20A1as a monoallelic candidate gene for cloacal exstrophy further suggests its involvement in the urinary tract and urorectal development. However, little is known of the functional role ofSLC20A1in urinary tract development. Here, we investigated this using morpholino oligonucleotide knockdown of the zebrafish orthologslc20a1a. This caused kidney cysts and malformations of the cloaca. Moreover, in morphants we demonstrated dysfunctional voiding and hindgut opening defects mimicking imperforate anus in human cloacal exstrophy. Furthermore, we performed immunohistochemistry of an unaffected 6-week-old human embryo and detectedSLC20A1in the urinary tract and the abdominal midline, structures implicated in the pathogenesis of cloacal exstrophy. Additionally, we resequencedSLC20A1in 690 individuals with bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex (BEEC) including 84 individuals with cloacal exstrophy. We identified two additional monoallelicde novovariants. One was identified in a case-parent trio with classic bladder exstrophy, and one additional novelde novovariant was detected in an affected mother who transmitted this variant to her affected son. To study the potential cellular impact ofSLC20A1variants, we expressed them in HEK293 cells. Here, phosphate transport was not compromised, suggesting that it is not a disease mechanism. However, there was a tendency for lower levels of cleaved caspase-3, perhaps implicating apoptosis pathways in the disease. Our results suggestSLC20A1is involved in urinary tract and urorectal development and implicateSLC20A1as a disease-gene for BEEC.
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| 24. |
- Rosén, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Ab initio molecular dynamics study of hydrogen removal by ion–surface interactions
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter. ; 17, s. L137-L142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The energy dependence of surface reactions has been investigated through ab initio MD simulations for collisions between Al1+ and a gibbsite surface. No change in surface composition was observed for 0 eV initial kinetic energy of Al1+. An increase in energy to 3.5 eV resulted in extended surface migration of hydrogen, subsequent H2 formation and desorption from the surface. These results may be understood based on thermodynamics and an increase in entropy upon H2 formation. They are of fundamental importance for an increased understanding of thin film growth through the correlation between ion energy and film composition. They may also indicate a pathway to affect impurity incorporation during film growth.
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| 25. |
- Rosen, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Ab initio molecular dynamics study of ion-surface interactions
- 2005
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Ingår i: Solid State Communications. - : Elsevier BV. - 0038-1098 .- 1879-2766. ; 134, s. 333-336
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ion-surface collisions have been investigated theoretically using ab initio molecular dynamics within density functional theory. The temporal evolution of the position of the bombarding ion, as well as its nearest neighbors, was studied for initial kinetic energies of 0 and 3.5 eV (0 and 5 km/s, respectively). Also investigated was the ion-surface interaction prior to collision and the following energy transfer, as indicated by changes in ion velocity. At 3.5 eV collision energy, the calculation results suggest the formation of local structural disorder within the simulation time frame studied. These results are of fundamental importance for an increased understanding of the ion-surface interaction during a collision event, with resulting changes in atomic level structure.
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| 26. |
- Rosen, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Reducing the impurity incorporation from residual gas by ion bombardment during high vacuum magnetron sputtering
- 2006
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 88, s. 191905-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of ion energy on the hydrogen incorporation has been investigated for alumina thin films, deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering in an Ar/O2/H2O environment. Ar+ with an average kinetic energy of ~5 eV was determined to be the dominating species in the plasma. The films were analyzed with x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and elastic recoil detection analysis, demonstrating evidence for amorphous films with stoichiometric O/Al ratio. As the substrate bias potential was increased from –15 V (floating potential) to –100 V, the hydrogen content decreased by ~70%, from 9.1 to 2.8 at. %. Based on ab initio calculations, these results may be understood by thermodynamic principles, where a supply of energy enables surface diffusion, H2 formation, and desorption [Rosén et al., J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 17, L137 (2005)]. These findings are of importance for the understanding of the correlation between ion energy and film composition and also show a pathway to reduce impurity incorporation during film growth in a high vacuum ambient.
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| 27. |
- Rosen, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Thin Film Growth Related Adsorption Study of Al and O Ions on an -Al2O3 Surface
- 2004
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Ingår i: J. Phys. Chem. B. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). ; 108, s. 19320-19324
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The surface reactivity of -Al2O3 (0001) has been investigated theoretically using density functional theory. The adsorption process of Al+, Al2+, Al3+, and O+ were studied to identify possible preferential adsorption sites during thin film growth. Differences in near surface atomic displacements (e.g., adsorption-induced surface reconstructions), energies, and bonding character have been evaluated. The adsorption energies for the metallic ions showed a strong dependence on both initial charge and adsorption site. The O+ ions showed no site dependence, but adsorption energies similar to those calculated for Al+. The results indicate that the adsorption of O+ and Al3+ may favor the formation of an amorphous structure, which is consistent with experimental observations. The results are of fundamental importance for the understanding of thin film microstructure evolution.
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| 28. |
- Schindler, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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How nutritional risk is assessed and managed in European hospitals : a survey of 21,007 patients findings from the 2007-2008 cross-sectional nutritionDay survey
- 2010
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Ingår i: Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0261-5614 .- 1532-1983. ; 29:5, s. 552-559
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND & AIMS: Recognition and treatment of undernutrition in hospitalized patients are not often a priority in clinical practice.OBJECTIVES: We investigated how the nutritional risk of patients is determined and whether such assessment influences daily nutritional care across Europe and in Israeli hospitals.METHODS: 1217 units from 325 hospitals in 25 countries with 21,007 patients participated in a longitudinal survey "nutritionDay" 2007/2008 undertaken in Europe and Israel. Screening practice, the type of tools used and whether energy requirements and intake are assessed and monitored were surveyed using standardized questionnaires.RESULTS: Fifty-two percent (range 21-73%) of the units in the different regions reported a screening routine which was most often performed with locally developed methods and less often with national tools, the Nutrition Risk Screening-2002, or the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool. Twenty-seven percent of the patients were subjectively classified as being "at nutritional risk", with substantial differences existing between regions. Independent factors influencing the classification of nutritional risk included age, BMI <18.5 kg/m(2), unintentional weight loss, reduced food intake in the previous week and on nutritionDay (for all parameters, p < 0.0001). The energy goal was defined as >=1500 kcal in 76% of the patients, but 43% of patients did not reach this goal.CONCLUSIONS: The process of nutrition risk assessment varied between units and countries. Additionally, energy goals were frequently not met. More effort is needed to implement current guidelines within daily clinical practice.
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| 29. |
- Schindler, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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To eat or not to eat? Indicators for reduced food intake in 91,245 patients hospitalized on nutritionDays 2006-2014 in 56 countries worldwide : a descriptive analysis
- 2016
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - Bethesda, USA : American Society for Nutrition. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 104:5, s. 1393-1402
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Inadequate nutrition during hospitalization is strongly associated with poor patient outcome, but ensuring adequate food intake is not a priority in clinical routine worldwide. This lack of priority results in inadequate and unbalanced food intake in patients and huge amounts of wasted food.Objectives: We evaluate the main factors that are associated with reduced meal intake in hospitalized patients and the differences between geographical regions.Design: We conducted a descriptive analysis of data from 9 consecutive, annual, and cross-sectional nutritionDay samples (2006-2014) in a total of 91,245 adult patients in 6668 wards in 2584 hospitals in 56 countries. A general estimation equation methodology was used to develop a model for meal intake, and P-value thresholding was used for model selection.Results: The proportion of patients who ate a full meal varied widely (24.7-61.5%) across world regions. The factors that were most strongly associated with reduced food intake on nutritionDay were reduced intake during the previous week (OR: 0.20; 95% CI: 0.17, 0.22), confinement to bed (OR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.44, 0.55), female sex (OR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.5, 0.56), younger age (OR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.64, 0.85) and older age (OR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.74; 0.88), and low body mass index (OR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.79, 0.90). The pattern of associated factors was homogenous across world regions.Conclusions: A set of factors that are associated with full meal intake was identified and is applicable to patients hospitalized in any region of the world. Thus, the likelihood for reduced food intake is easily estimated through access to patient characteristics, independent of world regions, and enables the easy personalization of food provision. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02820246.
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| 30. |
- Schneider, Helen, et al.
(författare)
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The governance of local health systems in the era of Sustainable Development Goals : reflections on collaborative action to address complex health needs in four country contexts
- 2019
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Ingår i: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 4:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This analysis reflects on experiences and lessons from four country settings-Zambia, India, Sweden and South Africa-on building collaborations in local health systems in order to respond to complex health needs. These collaborations ranged in scope and formality, from coordinating action in the community health system (Zambia), to a partnership between governmental, nongovernmental and academic actors (India), to joint planning and delivery across political and sectoral boundaries (Sweden and South Africa). The four cases are presented and analysed using a common framework of collaborative governance, focusing on the dynamics of the collaboration itself, with respect to principled engagement, shared motivation and joint capacity. The four cases, despite their differences, illustrate the considerable challenges and the specific dynamics involved in developing collaborative action in local health systems. These include the coconstruction of solutions (and in some instances the problem itself) through engagement, the importance of trust, both interpersonal and institutional, as a condition for collaborative arrangements, and the role of openly accessible information in building shared understanding. Ultimately, collaborative action takes time and difficulty needs to be anticipated. If discovery, joint learning and developing shared perspectives are presented as goals in themselves, this may offset internal and external expectations that collaborations deliver results in the short term.
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| 31. |
- Schneider, Helen, et al.
(författare)
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The Multiple Lenses on the Community Health System : Implications for Policy, Practice and Research
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Health Policy and Management. - : Kerman University of Medical Science. - 2322-5939. ; 11:1, s. 9-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Community health systems (CHSs) have historically been approached from multiple perspectives, with different purposes and methodological and disciplinary orientations. The terrain is, on the one hand, vast and diverse. On the other hand, under the banner of universal health coverage (UHC) and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a streamlined version of 'community health' is increasingly being consolidated in global health and donor communities. With the view to informing debate and practice, this paper seeks to synthesise approaches to the CHS into a set of 'lenses,' drawing on the collective and multi-disciplinary knowledge (both formal and experiential) of the authors, a collaborative network of 23 researchers from seven institutions across six countries (spanning low, middle and high income). With a common view of the CHS as a complex adaptive system, we propose four key lenses, referred to as programmatic, relational, collective action and critical lenses. The lenses represent different positionalities in community health, encompassing macro-level policy-maker, front-line and community vantage points, and purposes ranging from social justice to instrumental goals. We define and describe the main elements of each lens and their implications for thinking about policy, practice and research. Distilling a set of key lenses offers a way to make sense of a complex terrain, but also counters what may emerge as a dominant, single narrative on the CHS in global health. By making explicit and bringing together different lenses on the CHS, the limits and possibilities of each may be better appreciated, while promoting integrative, systems thinking in policy, practice and research.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Sjöberg Wester, Elisabet, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic basis of the K phenotype in the Swedish population.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Transfusion. - : Wiley. - 1537-2995 .- 0041-1132. ; 45:4, s. 545-549
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract in Undetermined BACKGROUND: The absence of all Kell blood group antigens (K0 phenotype) is very rare. K0 persons, however, can produce clinically significant anti-Ku (K5) after transfusion and/or pregnancy and require K0 blood for transfusion. Ten alleles giving rise to the K0 phenotype have been reported: different populations were studied although none from Scandinavia. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Three K0 samples were identified by blood banks in Sweden (Uppsala,Umeå, and Linköping) during a 20-year period. Kell antigen typing was performed with standard serologic techniques by the respective blood banks and K 0 status was confirmed by the International Blood GroupReference Laboratory in Bristol, England. Polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing of the KEL coding region (exons 1-19) was performed on genomic DNA. RESULTS:The Uppsala K0 was homozygous for a 1540C>T substitution in exon 13, leading to an immediate stop codon. The Umeå K0 was homozygous for 1023delG in exon 8 that results in a frameshift and a premature stop codon in exon 9. In the Linköping K0, a previously reported mutation g>a at +1 of intron 3 was found. CONCLUSION: Two novel and one previously reported null alleles at the KEL locus are described. The identified nonsense mutations abolish expression of the Kell glycoprotein and are thus responsible for the K0 phenotype in these Swedish families.
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| 35. |
- Tadokoro, K., et al.
(författare)
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Problems with irradiators
- 2010
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Ingår i: Vox Sanguinis. - : Wiley. - 0042-9007 .- 1423-0410. ; 98:1, s. 78-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 36. |
- Tetui, Moses, et al.
(författare)
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Strengthening Research and Practice in Community Health Systems : A Research Agenda and Manifesto
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Health Policy and Management. - : Kerman University of Medical Sciences. - 2322-5939. ; 11:1, s. 17-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While there have been increased calls for strengthening community health systems (CHSs), key priorities for this field have not been fully articulated. This paper seeks to fill this gap, presenting a collaboratively defined research agenda, accompanied by a 'manifesto' on strengthening research and practice in the CHS. The CHS research agenda domains were developed through a modified concept mapping process with a team of 33 experts on the CHS including policy-makers, implementers and researchers from institutions in six countries: Uganda, Guatemala, South Africa, Sweden, Tanzania and Zambia. The process began remotely with brainstorming research priorities and concluded in a one-week workshop that was held in Zambia where priorities for strengthening CHS were discussed, grouped into domains, interpreted, and drafted into a collective declaration. Eight domains of research priorities for CHSs were identified: clarifying the purpose and values of the CHS, ensure inclusivity; design, implementation and monitoring of strategies to strengthen the CHS; social, political and historical contexts of CHS; community health workers (CHWs); social accountability; the interface between the CHS and the broader health system; governance and stewardship; and finally, the ethical methodologies forresearching the CHS. By harnessing a set of diverse and rich experiences and perspectives on CHS through a structured process, a multifaceted research agenda and manifesto that transcend context, disciplines and time were developed. We posit this as an entry into greater debate and diversity in the field as we continue to find ways to strengthen research and practice in the CHS.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Wesslander, Karin, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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On the carbon dioxide air-sea flux balance in the Baltic Sea.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Continental Shelf Research. - 0278-4343. ; 30:14, s. 1511-1521
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We estimated the net annual air–sea exchange of carbondioxide (CO2) using monitoring data from the East Gotland Sea, Bornholm Sea, and Kattegat for the 1993–2009 period. Wind speed and the sea surface partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2w), calculated from pH, total alkalinity, temperature, and salinity, were used for the flux calculations. We demonstrate that regions in the central Baltic Sea and the Kattegat alternate between being sinks (-) and sources (+) of CO2 within the -4.2 to+5.2molm-2 y-1 range. On average,forthe1994–2008 period, the East Gotland Sea was a source of CO2 (1.64molm-2 yr-1), the Bornholm Sea was a source (2.34 molm-2 yr-1), and the Kattegat was a sink (-1.16 molm-2 yr-1). Large inter-annual and regional variations in the air–sea balance were observed. We used two parameterizations for the gas transfer velocity (k) and the choice varied the air–sea exchange by a factor of two. Inter-annual variations in pCO2w between summers were controlled by the maximum concentration of phosphate in winter. Inter-annual variations in the CO2 flux and gas transfer velocity were larger between winters than between summers. This indicates that the inter-annual variability in the total flux was controlled by winter conditions. The large differences between the central Baltic Sea and Kattegat were considered to depend partly on the differences in the mixed layer depth.
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| 39. |
- Zulu, Joseph M., et al.
(författare)
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Integrating community health assistant-driven sexual and reproductive health services in the community health system in Nyimba district in Zambia : mapping key actors, points of integration, and conditions shaping the process
- 2019
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Ingår i: Reproductive Health. - : BioMed Central. - 1742-4755. ; 16:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Although large scale public sector community health worker programs have been key in providing sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services in low- and middle-income countries, their integration process into community health systems is not well understood. This study aimed to identify the conditions and strategies through which Community Health Assistants (CHAs) gained entry and acceptability into community health systems to provide SRH services to youth in Zambia. The country's CHA program was launched in 2010.Methodology: A phenomenological design was conducted in Nyimba district. All nine CHAs deployed in Nyimba district were interviewed in-depth on their experiences of navigating the introduction of SRH services for youth in community settings, and the data obtained analyzed thematically.Results: In delivering SRH services targeting youth, CHAs worked with a range of community actors, including other health workers, safe motherhood action groups, community health workers, neighborhood health committees, teachers, as well as political, traditional and religious leaders. CHAs delivered SRH education and services in health facilities, schools, police stations, home settings, and community spaces. They used their health facility service delivery role to gain trust and entry into the community, and they also worked to build relationships with other community level actors by holding regular joint meetings, and acting as brokers between the volunteer health workers and the Ministry of Health. CHAs used their existing social networks to deliver SRH services to adolescents. By embedding the provision of information about SRH into general life skills at community level, the topic's sensitivity was reduced and its acceptability was enhanced. Further, support from community leaders towards CHA-driven services promoted the legitimacy of providing SRH for youth. Factors limiting the acceptability of CHA services included the taboo of discussing sexuality issues, a gender discriminatory environment, competition with other providers, and challenges in conducting household visits.Conclusion: Strengthening CHAs' ability to negotiate and navigate and gain acceptability in the community health system as they deliver SRH, requires support from both the formal health system and community networks. Limitations to the acceptability of CHA-driven SRH services are a product of challenges both in the community and in the formal health system.
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