| 1. |
- Kanai, M, et al.
(författare)
-
- 2023
-
swepub:Mat__t
|
|
| 2. |
- Niemi, MEK, et al.
(författare)
-
- 2021
-
swepub:Mat__t
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Hudson, Lawrence N, et al.
(författare)
-
The database of the PREDICTS (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems) project
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Ecology and Evolution. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2045-7758. ; 7:1, s. 145-188
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The PREDICTS project-Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems (www.predicts.org.uk)-has collated from published studies a large, reasonably representative database of comparable samples of biodiversity from multiple sites that differ in the nature or intensity of human impacts relating to land use. We have used this evidence base to develop global and regional statistical models of how local biodiversity responds to these measures. We describe and make freely available this 2016 release of the database, containing more than 3.2 million records sampled at over 26,000 locations and representing over 47,000 species. We outline how the database can help in answering a range of questions in ecology and conservation biology. To our knowledge, this is the largest and most geographically and taxonomically representative database of spatial comparisons of biodiversity that has been collated to date; it will be useful to researchers and international efforts wishing to model and understand the global status of biodiversity.
|
|
| 10. |
- Dahmen, J., et al.
(författare)
-
Osteochondral Lesions of the Tibial Plafond and Ankle Instability With Ankle Cartilage Lesions: Proceedings of the International Consensus Meeting on Cartilage Repair of the Ankle
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Foot & Ankle International. - : SAGE Publications. - 1071-1007 .- 1944-7876. ; 43:3, s. 448-452
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: An international consensus group of experts was convened to collaboratively advance toward consensus opinions based on the best available evidence on key topics within cartilage repair of the ankle. The purpose of this article is to present the consensus statements on osteochondral lesions of the tibial plafond (OLTP) and on ankle instability with ankle cartilage lesions developed at the 2019 International Consensus Meeting on Cartilage Repair of the Ankle. Methods: Forty-three experts in cartilage repair of the ankle were convened and participated in a process based on the Delphi method of achieving consensus. Questions and statements were drafted within 4 working groups focusing on specific topics within cartilage repair of the ankle, after which a comprehensive literature review was performed and the available evidence for each statement was graded. Discussion and debate occurred in cases where statements were not agreed on in unanimous fashion within the working groups. A final vote was then held. Results: A total of 11 statements on OLTP reached consensus. Four achieved unanimous support and 7 reached strong consensus (greater than 75% agreement). A total of 8 statements on ankle instability with ankle cartilage lesions reached consensus during the 2019 International Consensus Meeting on Cartilage Repair of the Ankle. One achieved unanimous support, and seven reached strong consensus (greater than 75% agreement). Conclusions: These consensus statements may assist clinicians in the management of these difficult clinical pathologies.
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
- Murawski, Christopher D., et al.
(författare)
-
Terminology for osteochondral lesions of the ankle: proceedings of the International Consensus Meeting on Cartilage Repair of the Ankle
- 2022
-
Ingår i: JOURNAL OF ISAKOS JOINT DISORDERS & ORTHOPAEDIC SPORTS MEDICINE. - : Elsevier BV. - 2059-7754 .- 2059-7762. ; 7:2, s. 62-66
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The evidence supporting best practice guidelines in the field of cartilage repair of the ankle is based on both low quality and low levels of evidence. Therefore, an international consensus group of experts was convened to collaboratively advance toward consensus opinions based on the best available evidence on key topics within cartilage repair of the ankle. The purpose of this article is to report the consensus statements on "terminology for osteochondral lesions of the ankle" developed at the 2019 International Consensus Meeting on Cartilage Repair of the Ankle. Methods: Forty-three international experts in cartilage repair of the ankle representing 20 countries were convened and participated in a process based on the Delphi method of achieving consensus. Questions and statements were drafted within four working groups focusing on specific topics within cartilage repair of the ankle, after which a comprehensive literature review was performed, and the available evidence for each state-ment was graded. Discussion and debate occurred in cases where statements were not agreed on in unanimous fashion within the working groups. A final vote was then held, and the strength of consensus was characterised as follows: consensus, 51%-74%; strong consensus, 75%-99%; unanimous, 100%. Results: A total of 11 statements on terminology and classification reached consensus during the 2019 Interna-tional Consensus Meeting on Cartilage Repair of the Ankle. Definitions are provided for osseous, chondral and osteochondral lesions, as well as bone marrow stimulation and injury chronicity, among others. An osteochondral lesion of the talus can be abbreviated as OLT. Conclusions: This international consensus derived from leaders in the field will assist clinicians with the appro-priate terminology for osteochondral lesions of the ankle.
|
|
| 14. |
- Hallström, J., et al.
(författare)
-
Worldwide comparison of lightning impulse voltage measuring systems at the 400-kV level
- 2007
-
Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement. - 0018-9456 .- 1557-9662. ; 56:2, s. 388-391
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An international comparison of lightning and switching impulse voltage measuring systems was arranged and coordinated by the Helsinki University of Technology (MIKES-TKK), Espoo, Finland, between 1999 and 2002. The number of participants was 26, including the coordinator. This paper summarizes the results obtained by those eight National Metrology Institutes that participated in the comparison. A 400-kV transfer reference measuring system for measuring lightning impulse voltages was prepared by the coordinator. In addition, a 1-kV impulse voltage calibrator system, including calibrators for both standard lightning and switching impulses, was circulated. © 2007 IEEE.
|
|
| 15. |
- Schon, M P, et al.
(författare)
-
Mucosal T lymphocyte numbers are selectively reduced in integrin alpha E (CD103)-deficient mice
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Journal of Immunology. - 1550-6606. ; 162:11, s. 6641-6649
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mucosal lymphocyte integrin alpha E(CD103)beta 7 is thought to be important for intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) localization or function. We cloned the murine integrin gene encoding alpha E, localized it to chromosome 11, and generated integrin alpha E-deficient mice. In alpha E-/- mice, intestinal and vaginal IEL numbers were reduced, consistent with the known binding of alpha E beta 7 to E-cadherin expressed on epithelial cells. However, it was surprising that lamina propria T lymphocyte numbers were diminished, as E-cadherin is not expressed in the lamina propria. In contrast, peribronchial, intrapulmonary, Peyer's patch, and splenic T lymphocyte numbers were not reduced in alpha E-deficient mice. Thus, alpha E beta 7 was important for generating or maintaining the gut and vaginal T lymphocytes located diffusely within the epithelium or lamina propria but not for generating the gut-associated organized lymphoid tissues. Finally, the impact of alpha E deficiency upon intestinal IEL numbers was greater at 3-4 wk of life than in younger animals, and affected the TCR alpha beta+ CD8+ T cells more than the gamma delta T cells or the TCR alpha beta+ CD4+CD8- population. These findings suggest that alpha E beta 7 is involved in the expansion/recruitment of TCR alpha beta+ CD8+ IEL following microbial colonization. Integrin alpha E-deficient mice will provide an important tool for studying the role of alpha E beta 7 and of alpha E beta 7-expressing mucosal T lymphocytes in vivo.
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
- Evans, Marie, et al.
(författare)
-
Glomerular filtration rate-estimating equations for patients with advanced chronic kidney disease
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2385 .- 0931-0509. ; 28:10, s. 2518-2526
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Renal function is often estimated using one of several glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimating equations. However, there is no consensus which estimating equation performs best in patients with advanced renal failure. We compared the performance of five different estimated GFR (eGFR) equations [Cockcroft-Gault, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD), Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Epidemiology collaboration (CKD-EPI) and Mayo Clinic and Lund-Malm] with measured GFR (plasma iohexol clearance) in 2098 referred CKD patients with mGFR 30 mL/min/1.73 m(2). There were 398 patients with an mGFR 10 mL/min/1.73 m(2), 1974 with a measured GFR (mGFR) 1120 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and 749 patients with mGFR 2130 mL/min/1.73 m(2). Across the entire range, the median bias of eGFR was lowest for the Lund-Malm equation (0.7 mL/min/1.73 m(2)), followed by the CKD-EPI (1.2 mL/min/1.73 m(2)), the MDRD (1.6 mL/min/1.73 m(2)), Mayo Clinic equation (1.7 mL/min/1.73 m(2)) and Cockcroft-Gault equation (4.6 mL/min/1.73 m(2)). The best accuracy within 30 of mGFR was also for Lund-Malm (76), while it was similar for CKD-EPI, MDRD and Mayo (6567). The Cockcroft-Gault had the worst accuracy of only 54.The median bias was stable across mGFR categories, while the accuracy within 30 of mGFR became worse with decreasing mGFR. All equations performed best among patients with hereditary kidney diseases and tubulointerstitial disease. Accuracy was generally worse for patients 65 years of age and for those with diabetic nephropathy. In patients with advanced renal failure, the GFR-estimating equations show reasonably good performance on the population level. On the individual patient level, they are inaccurate, especially in elderly patients and those with diabetic nephropathy.
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
- Mikhail, A. I., et al.
(författare)
-
A prospective observational study of iron isomaltoside in haemodialysis patients with chronic kidney disease treated for iron deficiency (DINO)
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Bmc Nephrology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2369. ; 20
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundIron deficiency is frequent in haemodialysis (HD) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and intravenous iron is an established therapy for these patients. This study assessed treatment routine, effectiveness, and safety of iron isomaltoside (IIM) 5% (Diafer (R)) in a HD cohort.MethodsThis prospective observational study included 198 HD patients converted from iron sucrose (IS) and treated with IIM according to product label and clinical routine. Data for IIM were compared to historic data for IS in 3-month intervals. The primary endpoint was to show non-inferiority for IIM versus IS in haemoglobin (Hb) maintenance.ResultsMost patients (>60%) followed a fixed low-dose iron treatment protocol. Three minutes were required for preparation and administration of IIM. Erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) was used in >80% of patients during both IIM and IS phases. The maintenance of Hb was similar with both iron drugs; the mean Hb level was 11g/dL, and the mean change of 0.3g/dL (95% confidence interval: 0.1, 0.5) for IIM 0-3months compared to IS demonstrated non-inferiority. Nine adverse drug reactions were reported in 2% of patients administered IIM. All patients had uneventful recoveries. The frequency of metallic taste was higher with IS compared to IIM (34% versus 0.5%, p<0.0001).ConclusionsIIM is effective and well tolerated by CKD patients on HD. IIM was non-inferior to IS in maintenance of Hb, and had similar ESA requirements. The fast-push injection of IIM may enable logistical benefits in clinical practice, and the low frequency of metallic taste contributes to patient convenience.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02301026, study registered November 25, 2014.
|
|
| 20. |
- Pacheco-Contreras, R., et al.
(författare)
-
Determination of the energy landscape of Pd12Pt1 using a combined genetic algorithm and threshold energy method
- 2013
-
Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2046-2069. ; 3:29, s. 11571-11579
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work we present a thorough exploration of the potential energy surface (PES) of Pd-Pt bimetallic nanoparticles at the specific composition Pd12Pt1, using the combination of a genetic algorithm and the threshold method for global optimization and exploration of the barrier structure, employing the semi-empirical Gupta many-body potential for modeling the interatomic interactions. The structural and energetic analysis of Pd12Pt1 nanoparticles, including binding energies (E-b), symmetries and common-neighbor analysis (CNA) allowed us to identify a large set of representative structures of local minima, with an icosahedral motif found to be the putative global minimum for Pd12Pt1. A detailed study of the icosahedral motif was carried out by an exhaustive exploration of low energy isomers, in order to understand qualitatively structural interconversion. 2-D tree (disconnectivity) graphs are plotted to map the structures of minima on the PES of Pd12Pt1. DFT calculations were performed on representative structures to establish the energetic hierarchy and structural stability.
|
|
| 21. |
- Pacheco-Contreras, R., et al.
(författare)
-
Tetrahelix Conformations and Transformation Pathways in Pt1Pd12 Clusters
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry A. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1089-5639 .- 1520-5215. ; 116:21, s. 5235-5239
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The threshold method is used to explore the potential energy surface of the Pt1Pd12 bimetallic cluster, defined by the Gupta semiempirical potential. A set of helical structures, which follow a Bernal tetrahelix pattern, correspond to local minima for the Pt1Pd12 cluster, characterizing the region of the energy landscape where these structures are present. Both right-handed and left-handed chiral forms were discovered in our searches. Energetic and structural details of each of the tetrahelices are reported as well as the corresponding transition probabilities between these structures and with respect to the icosahedron-shaped global minimum structure via a disconnectivity graph analysis.
|
|
| 22. |
- van de Luijtgaarden, Moniek W. M., et al.
(författare)
-
Trends in dialysis modality choice and related patient survival in the ERA-EDTA Registry over a 20-year period
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS. - 0931-0509 .- 1460-2385. ; 31:1, s. 120-128
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Although previous studies suggest similar patient survival for peritoneal dialysis (PD) and haemodialysis (HD), PD use has decreased worldwide. We aimed to study trends in the choice of first dialysis modality and relate these to variation in patient and technique survival and kidney transplant rates in Europe over the last 20 years. Methods. We used data from 196 076 patients within the European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association (ERA-EDTA) Registry who started renal replacement therapy (RRT) between 1993 and 2012. Trends in the incidence rate and prevalence on Day 91 after commencing RRT were quantified with Joinpoint regression. Crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for 5-year dialysis patient and technique survival were calculated using Cox regression. Analyses were repeated using propensity score matching to control for confounding by indication. Results. PD prevalence dropped since 2007 and HD prevalence stabilized since 2009. Incidence rates of PD and HD decreased from 2000 and 2009, respectively, while the incidence of kidney transplantation increased from 1993 onwards. Similar 5-year patient survival for PD versus HD patients was found in 1993-97 [adjusted HR: 1.02, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.98-1.06], while survival was higher for PD patients in 2003-07 (HR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.88-0.95). Both PD (HR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.91-1.00) and HD technique survival (HR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.87-0.99) improved in 2003-07 compared with 1993-97. Conclusions. Although initiating RRT on PD was associated with favourable patient survival when compared with starting on HD treatment, PD was often not selected as initial dialysis modality. Over time, we observed a significant decline in PD use and a stabilization inHD use. These observations were explained by the lower incidence rate of PD and HD and the increase in pre-emptive transplantation.
|
|
| 23. |
|
|
| 24. |
- Akhiani, Aliasghar, 1957, et al.
(författare)
-
Helicobacter pylori-Specific Antibodies Impair the Development of Gastritis, Facilitate Bacterial Colonization, and Counteract Resistance against Infection
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Journal of Immunology. - 1550-6606. ; 172:8, s. 5024-5033
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, Abs have been considered a correlate rather than an effector of resistance against Helicobacter pylori infection. However, it is still poorly understood to what extent Ab production correlates with gastric immunopathology. Here we report that Abs not only are dispensable for protection, but they are detrimental to elimination of the bacteria and appear to impair gastric inflammatory responses. We found that the initial colonization with H. pylori bacteria was normal in the B cell-deficient ( micro MT) mice, whereas at later times (>8 wk) most of the bacteria were cleared, concomitant with the development of severe gastritis. In contrast, wild-type (WT) mice exhibited extensive bacterial colonization and only mild gastric inflammation, even at 16 wk after inoculation. Oral immunizations with H. pylori lysate and cholera toxin adjuvant stimulated comparable levels of protection in micro MT and WT mice. The level of protection in both strains correlated well with the severity of the postimmunization gastritis. Thus, T cells were responsible for the gastritis, whereas Abs, including potentially host cell cross-reactive Abs, were not involved in causing the gastritis. The T cells in micro MT and WT mice produced high and comparable levels of IFN-gamma to recall Ag at 2 and after 8 wk, whereas IL-4 was detected after 8 wk only, indicating that Th1 activity dominated the early phase of protection, whereas later a mixed Th1 and Th2 activity was seen.
|
|
| 25. |
- Akhiani, Aliasghar, 1957, et al.
(författare)
-
Protection against Helicobacter pylori infection following immunization is IL-12-dependent and mediated by Th1 cells
- 2002
-
Ingår i: J Immunol. ; 169:12, s. 6977-84
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The regulatory roles of Th1 and Th2 cells in immune protection against Helicobacter infection are not clearly understood. In this study, we report that a primary H. pylori infection can be established in the absence of IL-12 or IFN-gamma. However, IFN-gamma, but not IL-12, was involved in the development of gastritis because IFN-gamma(-/-) (GKO) mice exhibited significantly less inflammation as compared with IL-12(-/-) or wild-type (WT) mice. Both IL-12(-/-) and GKO mice failed to develop protection following oral immunization with H. pylori lysate and cholera toxin adjuvant. By contrast, Th2-deficient, IL-4(-/-), and WT mice were equally well protected. Mucosal immunization in the presence of coadministered rIL-12 in WT mice increased Ag-specific IFN-gamma-producing T cells by 5-fold and gave an additional 4-fold reduction in colonizing bacteria, confirming a key role of Th1 cells in protection. Importantly, only protected IL-4(-/-) and WT mice demonstrated substantial influx of CD4(+) T cells in the gastric mucosa. The extent of inflammation in challenged IL-12(-/-) and GKO mice was much reduced compared with that in WT mice, indicating that IFN-gamma/Th1 cells also play a major role in postimmunization gastritis. Of note, postimmunization gastritis in IL-4(-/-) mice was significantly milder than WT mice, despite a similar level of protection, indicating that immune protection is not directly linked to the degree of gastric inflammation. Only protected mice had T cells that produced high levels of IFN-gamma to recall Ag, whereas both protected and unprotected mice produced high levels of IL-13. We conclude that IL-12 and Th1 responses are crucial for H. pylori-specific protective immunity.
|
|
| 26. |
- Bergman, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Intercomparison of AC peak voltage measurement
- 1999
-
Ingår i: IEE Conference Publication. - : IEE. - 0852967195 ; , s. 1.9.S1-1.12.S1
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- An intercomparison on the measurement of high voltage peak value has been carried out between the National Metrology Institutes of Sweden and Germany in 1995 and between Finland and Sweden in 1996. The results show a very satisfactory agreement between the participants. It seems that part of the discrepancies found may be due to the loose definition of peak voltage in IEC 60060-1.
|
|
| 27. |
|
|
| 28. |
|
|
| 29. |
- Grdic, D, et al.
(författare)
-
Splenic marginal zone dendritic cells mediate the cholera toxin adjuvant effect : Dependence on the ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of the holotoxin
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Journal of Immunology. - 0022-1767 .- 1550-6606. ; 175:8, s. 5192-5202
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The in vivo mechanisms of action of most vaccine adjuvants are poorly understood. In this study, we present data in mice that reveal a series of critical interactions between the cholera toxin (CT) adjuvant and the dendritic cells (DC) of the splenic marginal zone (MZ) that lead to effective priming of an immune response. For the first time, we have followed adjuvant targeting of MZ DC in vivo. We used CT-conjugated OVA and found that the Ag selectively accumulated in MZ DC following i.v. injections. The uptake of Ag into DC was GM1 ganglioside receptor dependent and mediated by the B subunit of CT (CTB). The targeted MZ DC were quite unique in their phenotype: CD11c(+), CD8 alpha(-), CD11b(-), B220(-), and expressing intermediate or low levels of MHC class II and DEC205. Whereas CTB only delivered the Ag to MZ DC, the ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of CT was required for the maturation and migration of DC to the T cell zone, where these cells distinctly up-regulated CD86, but not CD80. This interaction appeared to instruct Ag-specific CD4(+) T cells to move into the B cell follicle and strongly support germinal center formations. These events may explain why CT-conjugated Ag is substantially more immunogenic than Ag admixed with soluble CT and why CTB-conjugated Ag can tolerize immune responses when given orally or at other mucosal sites.
|
|
| 30. |
- Heard, Christopher, 1988, et al.
(författare)
-
Energy Landscape Exploration of Sub-Nanometre Copper-Silver Clusters
- 2015
-
Ingår i: ChemPhysChem. - : Wiley. - 1439-7641 .- 1439-4235. ; 16:7, s. 1461-1469
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The energy landscapes of sub-nanometre bimetallic coinage metal clusters are explored with the Threshold Algorithm coupled with the Birmingham Cluster Genetic Algorithm. Global and energetically low-lying minima along with their permutational isomers are located for the Cu4Ag4 cluster with the Gupta potential and density functional theory (DFT). Statistical tools are employed to map the connectivity of the energy landscape and the growth of structural basins, while the thermodynamics of interconversion are probed, based on probability flows between minima. Asymmetric statistical weights are found for pathways across dividing states between stable geometries, while basin volumes are observed to grow independently of the depth of the minimum. The DFT landscape is found to exhibit significantly more frustration than that of the Gupta potential, including several open, pseudo-planar geometries which are energetically competitive with the global minimum. The differences in local minima and their transition barriers between the two levels of theory indicate the importance of explicit electronic structure for even simple, closed shell clusters.
|
|
| 31. |
|
|
| 32. |
- Lichtenberg, Elinor M., et al.
(författare)
-
A global synthesis of the effects of diversified farming systems on arthropod diversity within fields and across agricultural landscapes
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 23:11, s. 4946-4957
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Agricultural intensification is a leading cause of global biodiversity loss, which can reduce the provisioning of ecosystem services in managed ecosystems. Organic farming and plant diversification are farm management schemes that may mitigate potential ecological harm by increasing species richness and boosting related ecosystem services to agroecosystems. What remains unclear is the extent to which farm management schemes affect biodiversity components other than species richness, and whether impacts differ across spatial scales and landscape contexts. Using a global metadataset, we quantified the effects of organic farming and plant diversification on abundance, local diversity (communities within fields), and regional diversity (communities across fields) of arthropod pollinators, predators, herbivores, and detritivores. Both organic farming and higher in-field plant diversity enhanced arthropod abundance, particularly for rare taxa. This resulted in increased richness but decreased evenness. While these responses were stronger at local relative to regional scales, richness and abundance increased at both scales, and richness on farms embedded in complex relative to simple landscapes. Overall, both organic farming and in-field plant diversification exerted the strongest effects on pollinators and predators, suggesting these management schemes can facilitate ecosystem service providers without augmenting herbivore (pest) populations. Our results suggest that organic farming and plant diversification promote diverse arthropod metacommunities that may provide temporal and spatial stability of ecosystem service provisioning. Conserving diverse plant and arthropod communities in farming systems therefore requires sustainable practices that operate both within fields and across landscapes.
|
|
| 33. |
|
|
| 34. |
|
|
| 35. |
- Melin, L.G., et al.
(författare)
-
Fatigue testing and buckling characteristics of impacted composite specimens
- 2002
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Fatigue. - 0142-1123 .- 1879-3452. ; 24:2-4, s. 263-272
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fatigue testing has been performed in constant amplitude tension-compression loading on impact damaged carbon fibre/epoxy composite laminates. Two layups were tested. The shape and the amplitude of the buckles were measured using an optical whole field measurement technique. The experimental conditions were chosen to be representative of damages in aircraft structures. The R-value was found to have a small influence on the fatigue life indicating that the compressive part of the load cycle has more importance than the tensile part, this because the compressive load caused local buckling around the damage zone. The buckling was inward on the impact side and outward on the backside with larger buckles on the backside. Also the backside buckles showed a larger growth. Fatigue lives were compared with an analytical model that was found to give conservative predictions. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 36. |
- Murin, YA, et al.
(författare)
-
A scintillator based time-of-flight hodoscope with a new type of emitter follower divider
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5087 .- 0168-9002. ; 533:3, s. 361-369
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A high precision, time-of-flight hodoscope has been constructed to analyse the secondary pion beam at GSI, Darmstadt. The hodoscope comprises three scintillator planes with the individual scintillator rods read out by photomultipliers in both ends. A new active base of the emitter follower type has been developed for stabilization of voltages at the last dynodes of the photomultiplier. The time resolution of this system was found to be sigma less than or equal to 150 ps for counting rates up to 2 MHz.
|
|
| 37. |
- Nmezi, Bruce, et al.
(författare)
-
An oligodendrocyte silencer element underlies the pathogenic impact of lamin B1 structural variants
- 2023
-
Ingår i: bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology. - : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press (CSHL).
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of non-coding regulatory elements and how they might contribute to tissue type specificity of disease phenotypes is poorly understood. Autosomal Dominant Leukodystrophy (ADLD) is a fatal, adult-onset, neurological disorder that is characterized by extensive CNS demyelination. Most cases of ADLD are caused by tandem genomic duplications involving the lamin B1 gene ( LMNB1 ) while a small subset are caused by genomic deletions upstream of the gene. Utilizing data from recently identified families that carry LMNB1 gene duplications but do not exhibit demyelination, ADLD patient tissues, CRISPR modified cell lines and mouse models, we have identified a novel silencer element that is lost in ADLD patients and that specifically targets overexpression to oligodendrocytes. This element consists of CTCF binding sites that mediate three-dimensional chromatin looping involving the LMNB1 and the recruitment of the PRC2 repressor complex. Loss of the silencer element in ADLD identifies a previously unknown role for silencer elements in tissue specificity and disease causation.
|
|
| 38. |
- Nyman, T., et al.
(författare)
-
Equivalent damage and residual strength for impact damaged composite structures
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Journal of reinforced plastics and composites (Print). - 0731-6844 .- 1530-7964. ; 19:6, s. 428-448
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Determining structural durability and damage tolerance of aircraft-composite structures is an important task, not only in the design process but also when the aircraft is in operational use. There are many sources and types of damage, e.g., fatigue cracking, environmental degradation, or damage introduced by foreign objects. When occurring, all types of damage need immediate attention for determination of the effect on aircraft performance or functionality. There is a need in other words for simplified predictive methods for rapid assessment of occurring damage, where impact damage is the most important damage mode. In this paper two residual strength models are presented, the so-called soft inclusion and delamination buckling theory, and compared to experimental results on impact damaged composite structures. Those experiments span a variety of impact events, from 8 J to 55 J and different layups. The investigation has been supported by FE-technique for determination of the stress distribution in the buckled state and for characterization of the damaged region. It can be concluded that for low-energy impact, through conservative assumptions on stiffness reduction, that the soft inclusion is unconservative for residual strength prediction. In contrast the delamination buckling theory shows good agreement for various impact energy levels, thicknesses and layups. The importance of repeated loading for composite structures with artificial delaminations is also demonstrated. If repeated loaded, the local buckling strain is strongly reduced as compared to a non-repeated loaded structure. It can also be shown that artificial delaminations, though deep-lying, can grow in a stable manner if pre-buckled.
|
|
| 39. |
- Schon, J, et al.
(författare)
-
A numerical and experimental investigation of delamination behaviour in the DCB specimen
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Composites Science And Technology. - 0266-3538 .- 1879-1050. ; 60:2, s. 173-184
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An extensive numerical and experimental investigation has been carried out on the fracture mechanical properties of DCB specimens. Static and cyclic properties were studied for different interfaces (0 degrees/0 degrees, 45 degrees/45 degrees and 90 degrees/90 degrees) and for several materials, IM7/ 8552, HTA7/6376 and T300/914. Different data-analysis methods have been compared and two beam models have been compared to a FE solution. Basic studies undertaken include modelling and experimental observation of delamination growth in DCB specimens. Slate of the art FE analyses are described and the energy release rate of the specimens is calculated. Two beam models are compared with the FE results and it is found that the more advanced beam model is more accurate. Experimental results are interpreted in terms of usefulness for applications to real structures. Toughness measurements on DCB specimens show that nonzero interfaces have a plateau value roughly four times higher than the onset value, which is almost the same as for the zero interface. Higher toughness values are probably due to the fact that the initial crack deviates from the original symmetrical crack plane. The experimental data collection methods corrected beam theory and Berry's method give similar results. Numerically predicted curved crack front for zero-interface could be verified experimentally. The delamination growth rate during fatigue increased rapidly with increasing applied energy release rate and the 0 degrees/0 degrees interface had the highest growth rate. The specimen with a 90 degrees/90 degrees interface has the flattest energy release rate distribution and the specimen with a 45 degrees/45 degrees interface the most uneven one. The material systems IM7/8552 and HTA7/6376 have higher critical energy release rates than T300/914. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 40. |
- Schon, J., et al.
(författare)
-
Numerical and experimental investigation of a composite ENF-specimen
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Engineering Fracture Mechanics. - 0013-7944 .- 1873-7315. ; 65:4, s. 405-433
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An extensive numerical and experimental investigation has been carried out regarding fracture mechanical properties for the end notch flexure (ENF) specimens. Static and cyclic properties were studied for different interfaces and for several graphite/epoxy composites. State of the art numerical analyses are described and experimental results are interpreted in terms of usefulness for applications to real structures. The FEM results were compared with beam models and it was found that for the specimen with a zero interface the beam models were acceptable whereas for the specimens with non-zero interface they did show a large error. Numerically, it was found that the effect of friction lowers the energy release rate by a few percent. Experimental results showed that for specimens with non-zero interfaces the delamination crack changed interface. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 41. |
- Schon, J., et al.
(författare)
-
Spectrum fatigue of composite bolted joints
- 2002
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Fatigue. - 0142-1123 .- 1879-3452. ; 24:2-4, s. 273-279
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The new Swedish fighter JAS39 Gripen has a large number of primary structures made of composites. On those structures a large number of bolted joints are used which during the aircraft's service life will be subjected to spectrum fatigue loading. Consequently it is important to study the spectrum fatigue life of bolted joints. Specimens with a double-lap configuration and six bolts have been fatigue loaded at the load ratios R=-0.2 and R=-5. Specimens were also fatigue loaded with a vertical fin spectrum which had different amounts of elimination of load cycles. A linear damage rule, Miner's rule, was used to predict the spectrum fatigue life. The experimental results show that the shortest fatigue life occurs for specimens loaded at R=-1 followed by specimens loaded at R=-0.2. The longest fatigue life occurred for specimens loaded at R=-5. It was found that 50% elimination of load cycles in the spectrum can be used without affecting the fatigue life. The Miner's rule predictions appeared to overestimate the spectrum fatigue life. From bolt failure it was found that the first bolt row transfers the largest amount of load in the specimens. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 42. |
|
|
| 43. |
|
|
| 44. |
- Werngren, J., et al.
(författare)
-
Reevaluation of the Critical Concentration for Drug Susceptibility Testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis against Pyrazinamide Using Wild-Type MIC Distributions and pncA Gene Sequencing
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. - 1098-6596. ; 56:3, s. 1253-1257
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pyrazinamide (PZA) is a potent first-line agent for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB) with activity also against a significant part of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. Since PZA is active only at acid pH, testing for susceptibility to PZA is difficult and insufficiently reproducible. The recommended critical concentration for PZA susceptibility (MIC, 100 mg/liter) used in the Bactec systems (460 and MGIT 960) has not been critically evaluated against wild-type MIC distributions in clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Using the Bactec MGIT 960 system, we determined the PZA MICs for 46 clinical M. tuberculosis isolates and compared the results to pncA sequencing and previously obtained Bactec 460 data. For consecutive clinical isolates (n = 15), the epidemiological wild-type cutoff (ECOFF) for PZA was 64 mg/liter (MIC distribution range, <= 8 to 64 mg/liter), and no pncA gene mutations were detected. In strains resistant in both Bactec systems (n = 18), the PZA MICs ranged from 256 to >= 1,024 mg/liter. The discordances between pncA sequencing, susceptibility results in Bactec 460, and MIC determinations in Bactec MGIT 960 were mainly observed in strains with MICs close to or at the ECOFF. We conclude that in general, wild-type and resistant strains were clearly separated and correlated to pncA mutations, although some isolates with MICs close to the ECOFF cause reproducibility problems within and between methods. To solve this issue, we suggest that isolates with MICs of <= 64 mg/liter be classified susceptible, that an intermediary category be introduced at 128 mg/liter, and that strains with MICs of >= 128 mg/liter be classified resistant.
|
|
