| 2. |
- Kanwischer, Marion, et al.
(författare)
-
Substances of emerging concern in Baltic Sea water: Review on methodological advances for the environmental assessment and proposal for future monitoring
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 51, s. 1588-1608
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Baltic Sea is among the most polluted seas worldwide. Anthropogenic contaminants are mainly introduced via riverine discharge and atmospheric deposition. Regional and international measures have successfully been employed to reduce concentrations of several legacy contaminants. However, current Baltic Sea monitoring programs do not address compounds of emerging concern. Hence, potentially harmful pharmaceuticals, UV filters, polar pesticides, estrogenic compounds, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, or naturally produced algal toxins are not taken into account during the assessment of the state of the Baltic Sea. Herein, we conducted literature searches based on systematic approaches and compiled reported data on these substances in Baltic Sea surface water and on methodological advances for sample processing and chemical as well as effect-based analysis of these analytically challenging marine pollutants. Finally, we provide recommendations for improvement of future contaminant and risk assessment in the Baltic Sea, which revolve around a combination of both chemical and effect-based analyses.
|
|
| 3. |
- Liess, Antonia, et al.
(författare)
-
Light, nutrients and grazing interact to determine diatom species richness via changes to productivity, nutrient state and grazer activity
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Journal of Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0022-0477 .- 1365-2745. ; 97:2, s. 326-336
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 1. Productivity and grazing pressure interact in determining autotroph diversity, because high productivity increases the capability of a plant community to compensate for grazing losses. However, further factors may play a role in shaping diversity, including primary producer nutrient stoichiometry and grazer activity. 2. Our study focuses on the interactions between light, nutrients and grazing in determining species richness and evenness of stream diatoms. By measuring primary producer productivity and nutrient content as well as grazer activity, we attempt to disentangle the different pathways by which the three factors affect diatom species richness and evenness. 3. We hypothesized that high light intensities and nutrient addition would increase species richness by increasing primary productivity and that higher levels of light and nutrients would compensate for negative grazer effects on species richness of primary producers. We also hypothesized that high light intensities would decrease the nutrient content of primary producers, especially when nutrients are limiting, whereas nutrient addition would increase primary producer nutrient content. Last, in addition to changing primary producer nutrient content, light and nutrients would also change grazer activity, thus modifying the interactions between light, nutrients and grazing. 4. We used periphyton and gastropod grazers in an experiment with circular stream channels with four nutrient, two light and four grazing levels to determine individual and combined effects on benthic diatom richness and evenness. After 3 weeks, we determined algal biomass, periphyton nutrient content, diatom species richness and evenness as well as grazer activity. 5. Our results showed that light and nutrients increased species richness and primary producer productivity and nutrient content. Grazing decreased species richness but only at low light levels, possibly because high light levels reduced grazer activity. Evenness was not affected by any single factor alone, but was influenced by nutrient-light and grazing-light interactions. 6. Synthesis. Light, nutrients and grazing interacted in determining primary producer species richness. Their effects were mainly mediated through changes in productivity but primary producer nutrient content and grazer activity also played important roles.
|
|
