| 1. |
- Barth, Joachim, et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of the thermoelectric properties of LiAlSi and LiAlGe
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Electronic Materials. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1543-186X .- 0361-5235. ; 39:9, s. 1856-1860
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The compounds LiAlSi and LiAlGe were synthesized and their thermoelectric properties and temperature stability were investigated. The samples were synthesized by arc melting of the constituent elements. For the determination of the structure type and the lattice parameter, x-ray powder diffraction was used. Both compounds were of the C1 b structure type. The stability of the compounds was investigated by differential thermal analysis and thermal gravimetry. The Seebeck coefficient and the electrical resistivity were determined in the temperature range from 2 K to 650 K. All compounds showed p-type behavior. The thermal conductivity was measured from 2 K to 400 K. The evaluation of the thermal conductivity yielded values as low as 2.4 W m -1 K -1 at 400 K for LiAlGe. The low values are ascribed to high mass fluctuation scattering and a possible rattling effect of the Li atoms.
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| 2. |
- Erneman, J., et al.
(författare)
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Comparison between quantitative metallography and modeling of sigma-phase particle growth in AISI 347 stainless steel
- 2005
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Ingår i: Metallurgical and Materials Transactions. A. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1073-5623 .- 1543-1940. ; 36A:10, s. 2595-2600
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A comparison was made between two experimental methods to determine the (T-phase volume fraction and three methods to model a-phase growth in a niobium-stabilized stainless steel (AISI 347). The a-phase volume fraction and precipitate size were determined in material statically aged and creep deformed at 700 degrees C with both KOH etched specimens using bright field optical microscopy (OM/BF) (conventional method) and specimens etched with oxalic acid using scanning electron microscopy and backscattered electrons (SEM/BSE) (new method). Both experimental methods used manual thresholding together with digital image analysis. The calculations were made with DICTRA software, using both the TCFE database and the SSOL database with some modification concerning the effect of silicon on the stability of sigma-phase particles. The modeled sigma-phase volume- fractions showed rather good agreement with the measured results from statically aged material using the new method. It was found that the stabilizing effect of silicon on sigma phase should be included in the thermodynamic database used for modeling.
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| 6. |
- Erneman, J., et al.
(författare)
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Precipitation reactions caused by nitrogen uptake during service at high temperatures of a niobium stabilised austenitic steel
- 2004
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Ingår i: Acta Materialia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-6454 .- 1873-2453. ; 52:14, s. 4337-4350
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Precipitation phenomena in type 347 austenitic stainless steels have been investigated after long-term heat treatment and creep in air at 700 and 800 degreesC. Nitrogen uptake was observed during long-term creep testing at 800 degreesC. No such effect was observed at 700 degreesC although times up to about 70,000 h were used. The major phases precipitated after long time exposure at 800 degreesC were primary Nb(C,N), Z-phase, Cr2N and M23C6, while primary Nb(C,N), secondary Nb(C,N) and sigma-phase were the major phases at 700 degreesC. Z-phase precipitated in both intragranular and intergranular form at 800 degreesC. Large precipitates exhibiting a core/rim structure showed a rim of Z-phase surrounding undissolved primary Nb(C,N). The microstructural evolution during creep deformation in air at 800 degreesC was modelled thermodynamically. The model satisfactorily predicts nitrogen uptake and the essential features of the evolution of the microstructure with time. The precipitation sequence could be qualitatively described, although it was not possible to model the formation of all precipitates.
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| 7. |
- Kaplan, Bartek, et al.
(författare)
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Thermodynamic calculations and experimental verification in the WC-Co-Cr cemented carbide system
- 2015
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Ingår i: International journal of refractory metals & hard materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0263-4368. ; 48, s. 257-262
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tungsten carbide and cobalt have always been, and still are, the foundation of cemented carbides. Modem grades include several other alloying elements, apart from just WC-Co, added for several different purposes. For example, by adding chromium it is possible to produce extremely fine grained grades compared to straight WC-Co grades and thus the freedom to tailor the properties of the material is increased. By applying thermodynamic calculations it is possible to design the material and also avoid some of the costly trial-and-error procedures. However, there is also a need for experimental verification in order to have confidence in the predictive calculations. The present work concerns the application of thermodynamic calculations to some relevant compositions together with experimental verification in the WC-Co-Cr system. Special focus is given to the limiting conditions for precipitation of unwanted phases with regards to the Cr-content in the binder, C-content and melting temperatures. No regard is taken to the presumable Cr-solubility in the WC phase itself. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
- Kaplan, Bartek, et al.
(författare)
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Thermodynamic calculations and experimental verification in the WC-Co-Cr cemented carbide system (Reprint of Int. Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials vol 48, pg 257-262, 2015)
- 2015
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Ingår i: International journal of refractory metals & hard materials. - : Elsevier. - 0263-4368. ; 49, s. 400-405
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tungsten carbide and cobalt have always been, and still are, the foundation of cemented carbides. Modem grades include several other alloying elements, apart from just WC-Co, added for several different purposes. For example, by adding chromium it is possible to produce extremely fine grained grades compared to straight WC-Co grades and thus the freedom to tailor the properties of the material is increased. By applying thermodynamic calculations it is possible to design the material and also avoid some of the costly trial-and-error procedures. However, there is also a need for experimental verification in order to have confidence in the predictive calculations. The present work concerns the application of thermodynamic calculations to some relevant compositions together with experimental verification in the WC-Co-Cr system. Special focus is given to the limiting conditions for precipitation of unwanted phases with regards to the Cr-content in the binder, C-content and melting temperatures. No regard is taken to the presumable Cr-solubility in the WC phase itself.
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