| 1. |
- Pulit, S. L., et al.
(författare)
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Atrial fibrillation genetic risk differentiates cardioembolic stroke from other stroke subtypes
- 2018
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Ingår i: Neurology-Genetics. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 2376-7839. ; 4:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective We sought to assess whether genetic risk factors for atrial fibrillation (AF) can explain cardioembolic stroke risk. We evaluated genetic correlations between a previous genetic study of AF and AF in the presence of cardioembolic stroke using genome-wide genotypes from the Stroke Genetics Network (N = 3,190 AF cases, 3,000 cardioembolic stroke cases, and 28,026 referents). We tested whether a previously validated AF polygenic risk score (PRS) associated with cardioembolic and other stroke subtypes after accounting for AF clinical risk factors. We observed a strong correlation between previously reported genetic risk for AF, AF in the presence of stroke, and cardioembolic stroke (Pearson r = 0.77 and 0.76, respectively, across SNPs with p < 4.4 x 10(-4) in the previous AF meta-analysis). An AF PRS, adjusted for clinical AF risk factors, was associated with cardioembolic stroke (odds ratio [OR] per SD = 1.40, p = 1.45 x 10(-48)), explaining similar to 20% of the heritable component of cardioembolic stroke risk. The AF PRS was also associated with stroke of undetermined cause (OR per SD = 1.07,p = 0.004), but no other primary stroke subtypes (all p > 0.1). Genetic risk of AF is associated with cardioembolic stroke, independent of clinical risk factors. Studies are warranted to determine whether AF genetic risk can serve as a biomarker for strokes caused by AF.
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| 4. |
- Marini, S., et al.
(författare)
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Association of Apolipoprotein E With Intracerebral Hemorrhage Risk by Race/Ethnicity A Meta-analysis
- 2019
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Ingår i: Jama Neurology. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2168-6149 .- 2168-6157. ; 76:4, s. 480-491
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IMPORTANCE Genetic studies of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) have focused mainly on white participants, but genetic risk may vary or could be concealed by differing nongenetic coexposures in nonwhite populations. Transethnic analysis of risk may clarify the role of genetics in ICH risk across populations. OBJECTIVE To evaluate associations between established differences in ICH risk by race/ethnicity and the variability in the risks of apolipoprotein E (APOE) epsilon 4 alleles, the most potent genetic risk factor for ICH. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This case-control study of primary ICH meta-analyzed the association of APOE allele status on ICH risk, applying a 2-stage clustering approach based on race/ethnicity and stratified by a contributing study. A propensity score analysis was used to model the association of APOE with the burden of hypertension across race/ethnic groups. Primary ICH cases and controls were collected from 3 hospital- and population-based studies in the United States and 8 in European sites in the International Stroke Genetic Consortium. Participants were enrolled from January 1, 1999, to December 31, 2017. Participants with secondary causes of ICH were excluded from enrollment. Controls were regionally matched within each participating study. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Clinical variables were systematically obtained from structured interviews within each site. APOE genotype was centrally determined for all studies. RESULTS In total, 13 124 participants (7153 [54.5%] male with a median [interquartile range] age of 66 [56-76] years) were included. In white participants, APOE epsilon 2 (odds ratio [OR], 1.49; 95% CI, 1.24-1.80; P < .001) and APOE epsilon 4 (OR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.23-1.85; P < .001) were associated with lobar ICH risk; however, within self-identified Hispanic and black participants, no associations were found. After propensity score matching for hypertension burden, APOE epsilon 4 was associated with lobar ICH risk among Hispanic (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.03-1.28; P = .01) but not in black (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.98-1.07; P = .25) participants. APOE epsilon 2 and epsilon 4 did not show an association with nonlobar ICH risk in any race/ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE APOE epsilon 4 and epsilon 2 alleles appear to affect lobar ICH risk variably by race/ethnicity, associations that are confirmed in white individuals but can be shown in Hispanic individuals only when the excess burden of hypertension is propensity score-matched; further studies are needed to explore the interactions between APOE alleles and environmental exposures that vary by race/ethnicity in representative populations at risk for ICH.
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| 5. |
- Pulit, SL, et al.
(författare)
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Loci associated with ischaemic stroke and its subtypes (SiGN): a genome-wide association study.
- 2016
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Ingår i: The Lancet. Neurology. - 1474-4465. ; 15:2, s. 174-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The discovery of disease-associated loci through genome-wide association studies (GWAS) is the leading genetic approach to the identification of novel biological pathways underlying diseases in humans. Until recently, GWAS in ischaemic stroke have been limited by small sample sizes and have yielded few loci associated with ischaemic stroke. We did a large-scale GWAS to identify additional susceptibility genes for stroke and its subtypes.To identify genetic loci associated with ischaemic stroke, we did a two-stage GWAS. In the first stage, we included 16851 cases with state-of-the-art phenotyping data and 32473 stroke-free controls. Cases were aged 16 to 104 years, recruited between 1989 and 2012, and subtypes of ischaemic stroke were recorded by centrally trained and certified investigators who used the web-based protocol, Causative Classification of Stroke (CCS). We constructed case-control strata by identifying samples that were genotyped on nearly identical arrays and were of similar genetic ancestral background. We cleaned and imputed data by use of dense imputation reference panels generated from whole-genome sequence data. We did genome-wide testing to identify stroke-associated loci within each stratum for each available phenotype, and we combined summary-level results using inverse variance-weighted fixed-effects meta-analysis. In the second stage, we did in-silico lookups of 1372 single nucleotide polymorphisms identified from the first stage GWAS in 20941 cases and 364736 unique stroke-free controls. The ischaemic stroke subtypes of these cases had previously been established with the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) classification system, in accordance with local standards. Results from the two stages were then jointly analysed in a final meta-analysis.We identified a novel locus (G allele at rs12122341) at 1p13.2 near TSPAN2 that was associated with large artery atherosclerosis-related stroke (first stage odds ratio [OR] 1·21, 95% CI 1·13-1·30, p=4·50×10(-8); joint OR 1·19, 1·12-1·26, p=1·30×10(-9)). Our results also supported robust associations with ischaemic stroke for four other loci that have been reported in previous studies, including PITX2 (first stage OR 1·39, 1·29-1·49, p=3·26×10(-19); joint OR 1·37, 1·30-1·45, p=2·79×10(-32)) and ZFHX3 (first stage OR 1·19, 1·11-1·27, p=2·93×10(-7); joint OR 1·17, 1·11-1·23, p=2·29×10(-10)) for cardioembolic stroke, and HDAC9 (first stage OR 1·29, 1·18-1·42, p=3·50×10(-8); joint OR 1·24, 1·15-1·33, p=4·52×10(-9)) for large artery atherosclerosis stroke. The 12q24 locus near ALDH2, which has previously been associated with all ischaemic stroke but not with any specific subtype, exceeded genome-wide significance in the meta-analysis of small artery stroke (first stage OR 1·20, 1·12-1·28, p=6·82×10(-8); joint OR 1·17, 1·11-1·23, p=2·92×10(-9)). Other loci associated with stroke in previous studies, including NINJ2, were not confirmed.Our results suggest that all ischaemic stroke-related loci previously implicated by GWAS are subtype specific. We identified a novel gene associated with large artery atherosclerosis stroke susceptibility. Follow-up studies will be necessary to establish whether the locus near TSPAN2 can be a target for a novel therapeutic approach to stroke prevention. In view of the subtype-specificity of the associations detected, the rich phenotyping data available in the Stroke Genetics Network (SiGN) are likely to be crucial for further genetic discoveries related to ischaemic stroke.US National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health.
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| 10. |
- Altenburger, R., et al.
(författare)
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Future water quality monitoring - Adapting tools to deal with mixtures of pollutants in water resource management
- 2015
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697. ; 512, s. 540-551
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental quality monitoring of water resources is challenged with providing the basis for safeguarding the environment against adverse biological effects of anthropogenic chemical contamination from diffuse and point sources. While current regulatory efforts focus on monitoring and assessing a few legacy chemicals, many more anthropogenic chemicals can be detected simultaneously in our aquatic resources. However, exposure to chemical mixtures does not necessarily translate into adverse biological effects nor clearly shows whether mitigation measures are needed. Thus, the question which mixtures are present and which have associated combined effects becomes central for defining adequate monitoring and assessment strategies. Here we describe the vision of the international, EU-funded project SOLUTIONS, where three routes are explored to link the occurrence of chemical mixtures at specific sites to the assessment of adverse biological combination effects. First of all, multi-residue target and non-target screening techniques covering a broader range of anticipated chemicals co-occurring in the environment are being developed. By improving sensitivity and detection limits for known bioactive compounds of concern, new analytical chemistry data for multiple components can be obtained and used to characterise priority mixtures. This information on chemical occurrence will be used to predict mixture toxicity and to derive combined effect estimates suitable for advancing environmental quality standards. Secondly, bioanalytical tools will be explored to provide aggregate bioactivity measures integrating all components that produce common (adverse) outcomes even for mixtures of varying compositions. The ambition is to provide comprehensive arrays of effect-based tools and trait-based field observations that link multiple chemical exposures to various environmental protection goals more directly and to provide improved in situ observations for impact assessment of mixtures. Thirdly, effect-directed analysis (EDA) will be applied to identify major drivers of mixture toxicity. Refinements of EDA include the use of statistical approaches with monitoring information for guidance of experimental EDA studies. These three approaches will be explored using case studies at the Danube and Rhine river basins as well as rivers of the Iberian Peninsula. The synthesis of findings will be organised to provide guidance for future solution-oriented environmental monitoring and explore more systematic ways to assess mixture exposures and combination effects in future water quality monitoring. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Kamoun, Aurélie, et al.
(författare)
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A Consensus Molecular Classification of Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Urology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0302-2838. ; 77:4, s. 420-433
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is a molecularly diverse disease with heterogeneous clinical outcomes. Several molecular classifications have been proposed, but the diversity of their subtype sets impedes their clinical application. Objective: To achieve an international consensus on MIBC molecular subtypes that reconciles the published classification schemes. Design, setting, and participants: We used 1750 MIBC transcriptomic profiles from 16 published datasets and two additional cohorts. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: We performed a network-based analysis of six independent MIBC classification systems to identify a consensus set of molecular classes. Association with survival was assessed using multivariable Cox models. Results and limitations: We report the results of an international effort to reach a consensus on MIBC molecular subtypes. We identified a consensus set of six molecular classes: luminal papillary (24%), luminal nonspecified (8%), luminal unstable (15%), stroma-rich (15%), basal/squamous (35%), and neuroendocrine-like (3%). These consensus classes differ regarding underlying oncogenic mechanisms, infiltration by immune and stromal cells, and histological and clinical characteristics, including outcomes. We provide a single-sample classifier that assigns a consensus class label to a tumor sample's transcriptome. Limitations of the work are retrospective clinical data collection and a lack of complete information regarding patient treatment. Conclusions: This consensus system offers a robust framework that will enable testing and validation of predictive biomarkers in future prospective clinical trials. Patient summary: Bladder cancers are heterogeneous at the molecular level, and scientists have proposed several classifications into sets of molecular classes. While these classifications may be useful to stratify patients for prognosis or response to treatment, a consensus classification would facilitate the clinical use of molecular classes. Conducted by multidisciplinary expert teams in the field, this study proposes such a consensus and provides a tool for applying the consensus classification in the clinical setting.
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| 19. |
- Peng, J., et al.
(författare)
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Residual stress gradient analysis by the GIXRD method on CVD tantalum thin films
- 2006
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Ingår i: Surface & Coatings Technology. - : Elsevier. - 0257-8972 .- 1879-3347. ; 200:8, s. 2738-2743
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tantalum thin films have been preferred in case of corrosion protection in the chemical industry in high temperature applications because of their long lifetime. Residual stresses could be generated during thin film deposition and have some important influence on the film properties in use. The residual stress gradient and distribution should be correctly determined. Pseudo-grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) can be used to evaluate the residual stress gradient. A modified method sin2?* has been developed for GIXRD stress analysis with the calculation of geometry adapted real angles ?*. This method allows more practically determination of stress gradients near the surface in specific directions. The developed new technique was applied on three tantalum thin film specimens with different thicknesses (from 0.55 to 2.55 µm) obtained with a CVD process. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Brack, W., et al.
(författare)
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Effect-based methods are key. The European Collaborative Project SOLUTIONS recommends integrating effect-based methods for diagnosis and monitoring of water quality
- 2019
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Ingår i: Environmental Sciences Europe. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2190-4715 .- 2190-4707. ; 31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present monitoring and assessment of the chemical status of water bodies fail to characterize the likelihood that complex mixtures of chemicals affect water quality. The European Collaborative Project SOLUTIONS suggests that this likelihood can be estimated with effect-based methods (EBMs) complemented by chemical screening and/or impact modeling. These methods should be used to identify the causes of impacted water quality and to develop programs of measures to improve water quality. Along this line of reasoning, effect-based methods are recommended for Water Framework Directive (WFD) monitoring to cover the major modes of action in the universe of environmentally relevant chemicals so as to evaluate improvements of water quality upon implementing the measures. To this end, a minimum battery of bioassays has been recommended including short-term toxicity to algae, Daphnia and fish embryos complemented with in vitro and short-term in vivo tests on mode-of-action specific effects as proxies for long-term toxicity. The likelihood of adverse impacts can be established with effect-based trigger values, which differentiate good from poor water quality in close alignment with Environmental Quality Standards for individual chemicals, while taking into account mixture toxicity. The use of EBMs is suggested in the WFD as one avenue to establish the likelihood of adverse effects due to chemical pollution in European water systems. The present paper has been written as one component of a series of policy briefs to support decisions on water quality monitoring and management under the WFD.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Magallon, D, et al.
(författare)
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European expert network for the reduction of uncertainties in severe accident safety issues (EURSAFE)
- 2005
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Ingår i: Nuclear Engineering and Design. - : Elsevier BV. - 0029-5493 .- 1872-759X. ; 235:2-4, s. 309-346
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- EURSAFE thematic network was a concerted action in the sixth framework programme of the European Commission. It established a large consensus among the main actors in nuclear safety on the severe accident issues where large uncertainties still subsist. The conclusions were derived from a first-of-kind phenomena identification and ranking tables (PIRT) on all aspects of severe accident also realised in the frame of the project. Starting from a list of all severe accident phenomena containing approximately 1000 entries and established by the twenty partner organisations, 106 phenomena were retained eventually as both important for safety and still lacking sufficient knowledge. Ultimately, 21 research areas for addressing these phenomena regrouped according to their similarities were identified. A networking structure for implementing and executing the necessary research was proposed, which promotes integration and harmonisation of the different national programmes. A severe accident database structure was proposed to ensure preservation of experimental data and enhanced communication for data exchange and use for severe accident codes assessment. The final product, named EURSAFE, is a website network, http://asa2.jrc.it/eursafe, connecting nodes located at partner sites. As the result of an action involving R&D governmental institutions, regulatory bodies, nuclear industry, utilities and universities from six EU Member States (Finland, France, Germany, Spain, Sweden, UK) plus JRC, three European third countries (Czech Republic, Hungary, Switzerland), and USA, EURSAFE represents a significant step towards harmonisation and credibility of the approaches, and resolution of the remaining severe accident issues.
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| 26. |
- Sehgal, B. R., et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of reactor vessel integrity (ARVI)
- 2003
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Ingår i: Nuclear Engineering and Design. - 0029-5493 .- 1872-759X. ; 221:03-jan, s. 23-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The cost-shared project ARVI (assessment of reactor vessel integrity) involves a total of nine organisations from Europe and USA. The objective of the ARVI Project is to resolve the safety issues that remain unresolved for the melt vessel interaction phase of the in-vessel progression of a severe accident. The work consists of experiments and analysis development. Four tests were performed in the EC-FOREVER Programme, in which failure was achieved in-vessels employing the French pressure vessel steel. The tests were analysed with the commercial code ANSYS-Multiphysics, and the codes SYSTUS+ and PASULA, and quite good agreement was achieved for the failure location. Natural convection experiments in stratified pools have been performed in the SIMECO and the COPO facilities, which showed that much greater heat is transferred downwards for immiscible layers or before layers mix. A model for gap cooling and a set of simplified models for the system codes have been developed. MVITA code calculations have been performed for the Czech and Hungarian VVERs, towards evaluation of the in-vessel melt retention accident management scheme. Tests have been performed at the ULPU facility with organised flow for vessel external cooling. Considerable enhancement of the critical heat flux (CHF) was obtained. The ARVI Project has reached the halfway stage. This paper presents the results obtained thus far from the project.
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| 27. |
- Seiler, Roland, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of Molecular Subtypes in Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer on Predicting Response and Survival after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Urology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0302-2838. ; 72:4, s. 544-554
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: An early report on the molecular subtyping of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) by gene expression suggested that response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) varies by subtype. Objective: To investigate the ability of molecular subtypes to predict pathological downstaging and survival after NAC. Design, setting, and participants: Whole transcriptome profiling was performed on pre-NAC transurethral resection specimens from 343 patients with MIBC. Samples were classified according to four published molecular subtyping methods. We developed a single-sample genomic subtyping classifier (GSC) to predict consensus subtypes (claudin-low, basal, luminal-infiltrated and luminal) with highest clinical impact in the context of NAC. Overall survival (OS) according to subtype was analyzed and compared with OS in 476 non-NAC cases (published datasets). Intervention: Gene expression analysis was used to assign subtypes. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: Receiver-operating characteristics were used to determine the accuracy of GSC. The effect of GSC on survival was estimated by Cox proportional hazard regression models. Results and limitations: The models generated subtype calls in expected ratios with high concordance across subtyping methods. GSC was able to predict four consensus molecular subtypes with high accuracy (73%), and clinical significance of the predicted consensus subtypes could be validated in independent NAC and non-NAC datasets. Luminal tumors had the best OS with and without NAC. Claudin-low tumors were associated with poor OS irrespective of treatment regimen. Basal tumors showed the most improvement in OS with NAC compared with surgery alone. The main limitations of our study are its retrospective design and comparison across datasets. Conclusions: Molecular subtyping may have an impact on patient benefit to NAC. If validated in additional studies, our results suggest that patients with basal tumors should be prioritized for NAC. We discovered the first single-sample classifier to subtype MIBC, which may be suitable for integration into routine clinical practice. Patient summary: Different molecular subtypes can be identified in muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Although cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy improves patient outcomes, we identified that the benefit is highest in patients with basal tumors. Our newly discovered classifier can identify these molecular subtypes in a single patient and could be integrated into routine clinical practice after further validation. Molecular subtypes in muscle-invasive bladder cancer appear have an impact on patient response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC); namely, patients with basal tumors showed the most benefit from NAC and should be prioritized for NAC. Moreover, these subtypes can be identified in a single sample by our discovered classifier.
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| 28. |
- Backhaus, Thomas, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing the ecological impact of chemical pollution on aquatic ecosystems requires the systematic exploration and evaluation of four lines of evidence
- 2019
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Ingår i: Environmental Sciences Europe. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2190-4707 .- 2190-4715. ; 31:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the European Water Framework Directive is to ensure good ecological status for all European surface waters. However, although current monitoring strategies aim to identify the presence and magnitude of ecological impacts, they provide little information on the causes of an ecosystem impairment. In fact, approaches to establish causal links between chemical pollution and impacts on the ecological status of exposed aquatic systems are largely lacking or poorly described and established. This is, however, crucial for developing and implementing appropriately targeted water management strategies. In order to identify the role of chemical pollution on the ecological status of an aquatic ecosystem, we suggest to systematically combine four lines of evidence (LOEs) that provide complementary evidence on the presence and potential ecological impact of complex chemical pollution: (1) component-based methods that allow a predictive mixture risk modeling; (2) effect-based methods; (3) in situ tests; (4) field-derived species inventories. These LOEs differ systematically in their specificity for chemical pollution, data demands, resources required and ecological relevance. They complement each other and, in their combination, allow to assess the contribution of chemical pollution pressure to impacts on ecological structure and function. Data from all LOEs are not always available and the information they provide is not necessarily consistent. We therefore propose a systematic, robust and transparent approach to combine the information available for a given study, in order to ensure that consensual conclusions are drawn from a given dataset. This allows to identify critical data gaps and needs for future testing and/or options for targeted and efficient water management.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Brannon, A Rose, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular Stratification of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma by Consensus Clustering Reveals Distinct Subtypes and Survival Patterns.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Genes & cancer. - : Sage. - 1947-6027 .- 1947-6019. ; 1:2, s. 152-163
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the predominant RCC subtype, but even within this classification, the natural history is heterogeneous and difficult to predict. A sophisticated understanding of the molecular features most discriminatory for the underlying tumor heterogeneity should be predicated on identifiable and biologically meaningful patterns of gene expression. Gene expression microarray data were analyzed using software that implements iterative unsupervised consensus clustering algorithms to identify the optimal molecular subclasses, without clinical or other classifying information. ConsensusCluster analysis identified two distinct subtypes of ccRCC within the training set, designated clear cell type A (ccA) and B (ccB). Based on the core tumors, or most well-defined arrays, in each subtype, logical analysis of data (LAD) defined a small, highly predictive gene set that could then be used to classify additional tumors individually. The subclasses were corroborated in a validation data set of 177 tumors and analyzed for clinical outcome. Based on individual tumor assignment, tumors designated ccA have markedly improved disease-specific survival compared to ccB (median survival of 8.6 vs 2.0 years, P = 0.002). Analyzed by both univariate and multivariate analysis, the classification schema was independently associated with survival. Using patterns of gene expression based on a defined gene set, ccRCC was classified into two robust subclasses based on inherent molecular features that ultimately correspond to marked differences in clinical outcome. This classification schema thus provides a molecular stratification applicable to individual tumors that has implications to influence treatment decisions, define biological mechanisms involved in ccRCC tumor progression, and direct future drug discovery.
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| 34. |
- Jägerbrand, Annika K., et al.
(författare)
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Uppdatering och nya effektsamband i effektmodellen för viltolyckor
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Viltolyckor i Sverige är ett växande problem som leder till dödade och skadade personer, liksom skador på fordon och dödade djur. Viltolyckor har samhällsekonomiska kostnader som behöver kvantifieras för att man ska kunna räkna ut kostnadsnyttan av åtgärder som förebygger viltolyckor, såsom exempelvis viltstängsel eller passager. Effektmodellen för viltolyckor utvecklades under 1980-talet och ingår i EVA (effekter vid väganalyser) men är idag till vissa delar föråldrad på grund av utvecklingen som skett avseende trafiksäkerhet, viltolyckssammansättning, datasystem, kunskap och forskning. Den existerande effektmodellen bygger på risk för viltolyckor per km väg per län i tre trafikflödesklasser för älg och summerat ihop för rådjur/ren. Detta projekt har haft som mål att uppdatera effektmodellen för viltolyckor genom att inkludera aktuella data på viltolycksfördelningar och mörkertal, beakta flera viltslag (älg, rådjur, hjort och vildsvin) och involvera flera variabler som kan vara av betydelse för olyckorna: t.ex. viltets populationsstorlek, vägstandard, trafikarbete, hastighet, viltstängsel, landskapstyp och viltets populationsstorlek. Arbetet har delats upp i tre huvudsakliga delar. Den första delen omfattade att ta fram ny kunskap om sambanden mellan viltolyckor, trafikarbete, och viltpopulationer där också landskapsvariabler ingår samt kostnadsberäkningar baserat på olika typer av prognoser på längre sikt. En annan del omfattade att ta fram ny viltolycksstatistik baserat på GIS-analyser för uppdaterade effektsamband för viltolyckor (olycksfrekvens per km väg), ÅDT1 , vägstandard och stängsel samt nya skattningar av mörkertal. Den tredje delen omfattade att ta fram nya värden för skadeföljd och skadekonsekvenser för olika viltslag för 2010–2016. Resultaten från första delen av projektet visar att utifrån ett oförändrat jakttryck kommer viltolyckorna att öka med 12% från 2015 fram till 2030, mestadels på grund av en fördubbling av vildsvinsolyckor medan risken för olycka med älg och rådjur minskar något. Vid minskat jakttryck under samma period visar resultaten att det är teoretiskt möjligt att viltolyckorna istället kommer att öka med 50%. Beräknade kostnader för viltolyckor år 2030 (ASEK 6) varierar mellan 1 707 och 7 556 miljoner kronor beroende på antaganden om jakttryck och skadekostnader. Olyckor med rådjur svarar för den största delen av olyckorna under hela perioden, men olyckor med vildsvin ökar mest under samtliga scenarier. Prognos för kostnadsberäkningar av viltolyckor för Västra Götaland och Skåne inkluderas som exempel. Data från 2010–2016 visar att viltolyckorna ökat mer eller mindre konstant sen 2003 och att ökningen i olyckstal över åren sker med snabbare takt än ökningen i trafikarbetet. På mindre vägar tilltar olycksfrekvenser med ökande trafikarbete fram till en genomsnittlig trafikvolym av omkring 5 000 ÅDT. På större vägar avtar däremot olycksfrekvensen med stigande trafik. Olycksfrekvensen är högst på mellanstora vägar men avtar på trafiktunga vägar och på vägar med hög hastighet. Uppdaterade värden för skadeföljd och skadekonsekvens baserades på uttag ur STRADA2 och NVR3 2010–2016 och endast polisrapporterade olyckor (förutom för RPMI4 värden där även sjukhusrapporter ingick). Skadeföljden visar att dödade och skadade personer i älg- och rådjur/hjortolyckor har minskat och justeringar i de nya värdena har gjorts. För skadekonsekvenser föreslås nya värden för älgolyckor medan föregående värden behållits för rådjur/hjort och även föreslås för vildsvin. Nya värden för skadeföljd föreslås för rådjur/hjort och vildsvin. Slutligen diskuteras antagande i effektmodellen och resultat utifrån trafiksäkerhetsutvecklingen, relevanta viltolycksfrågor, samt några utvalda aspekter inför effektmodellens implementering.
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| 35. |
- Karlson, Mårten, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of fauna passages and landscape characteristics on barrier mitigation success
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Transport infrastructure can impose significant barriers to movements to many, if not most terrestrial animals. Barrier effects can lead to increased isolation of wildlife populations, which in turn might have demographic effects and even increase genetic differentiation between neighbouring populations. This study attempted to clarify the role of fauna passages and generic landscape patterns for connectivity in fragmented landscapes, and to improve the theoretical basis for future experimental approaches to evaluate the effectiveness of barrier mitigation strategies. Specifically, the issue of whether it would be more effective to construct a single large rather than several small crossing structures (SLOSS) was addressed by this study. Three hypotheses were formulated on the relationship between habitat connectivity, as a prerequisite for genetic exchange, and habitat aggregation and contrast between habitat types. Random landscapes with different combinations of aggregation, contrast and number and size of fauna passages were created in a GIS. Connectivity was then quantified as a function of movement resistance using circuit theory and related methods, and measurements from the random landscapes were statistically analysed. The results indicate that in any landscape, it would be more effective to construct several small fauna passages instead of a single large one to mitigate the effect of a barrier. The level of aggregation appeared to have no influence per se on connectivity, and increasing the level of contrast increased the variance in the results. Results indicate that the effectiveness of a fauna passage will to a large extent rely on the location of a fauna passage relative to how the mitigation target species perceive the landscape in terms of contrast between different habitat types. A predefined interval between fauna passages could therefore result in highly ineffective mitigation, in a situation where a fauna passage would be located in habitat perceived as of high resistance. It is recommended that barrier effect mitigation strategies focus on the location and design of several small fauna passages rather than a single large one. Future research should focus on the development of dispersal and movement models for a set focal species that perceive a minimum degree of contrast between habitat types.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Roa-Seiler, Nena, et al.
(författare)
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Virtual mirror
- 2010
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2010 international conference on The Interaction Design.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 40. |
- Schmitz, M., et al.
(författare)
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Demonstration of an aggregated biomarker response approach to assess the impact of point and diffuse contaminant sources in feral fish in a small river case study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697. ; 804
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The assessment of the exposure of aquatic wildlife to complex environmental mixtures of chemicals originating from both point and diffuse sources and evaluating the potential impact thereof constitutes a significant step towards mitigating toxic pressure and the improvement of ecological status. In the current proof-of-concept study, we demonstrate the potential of a novel Aggregated Biomarker Response (ABR) approach involving a comprehensive set of biomarkers to identify complex exposure and impacts on wild brown trout (Salmo trutta fario). Our scenario used a small lowland river in Germany (Holtemme river in the Elbe river catchment) impacted by two wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) and diffuse agricultural runoff as a case study. The trout were col-lected along a pollution gradient (characterised in a parallel study) in the river. Compared to fish from the refer-ence site upstream of the first WWTP, the trout collected downstream of the WWTPs showed a significant increase in micronucleus formation, phase I and II enzyme activities, and oxidative stress parameters in agree-ment with increasing exposure to various chemicals. By integrating single biomarker responses into an aggre-gated biomarker response, the two WWTPs' contribution to the observed toxicity could be clearly differentiated. The ABR results were supported by chemical analyses and whole transcriptome data, which re-vealed alterations of steroid biosynthesis and associated pathways, including an anti-androgenic effect, as some of the key drivers of the observed toxicity. Overall, this combined approach of in situ biomarker responses complemented with molecular pathway analysis allowed for a comprehensive ecotoxicological assessment of fish along the river. This study provides evidence for specific hazard potentials caused by mixtures of agricultural and WWTP derived chemicals at sublethal concentrations. Using aggregated biomarker responses combined with chemical analyses enabled an evidence-based ranking of sites with different degrees of pollution according to toxic stress and observed effects. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 41. |
- SEILER, A, et al.
(författare)
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BADGER ABUNDANCE AND ACTIVITY IN RELATION TO FRAGMENTATION OF FORAGING BIOTOPES
- 1995
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Ingår i: ANNALES ZOOLOGICI FENNICI. - : FINNISH ZOOLOGICAL BOTANICAL PUBLISHING BOARD. - 0003-455X. ; 32:1, s. 37-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Eurasian badgers (Meles meles) living in the southern boreal forest of Sweden prefer to forage in patches of agricultural land (AL). In two adjacent areas with different proportion AL, capture-recapture studies from spring 1989 and 1991, and track-board s
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Seiler, N., et al.
(författare)
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Cfd Simulation Benchmark on Thermal-Hydraulic Behaviour of Light Metal Layer
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering "Nuclear, Thermal, and Renewables: United to Provide Carbon Neutral Power", ICONE 2023. - : American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the framework of the IAEA Coordinated Research Project on In-Vessel Melt Retention, a benchmark of CFD simulations, devoted to thermal-hydraulic behavior of the light metal layer involves several research organizations: KTH of Sweden, SSTC NRS of Ukraine, ÚJV Řež of Czech Republic and CEA of France. This work aims at better simulating the focusing effect phenomenon leading to a heat flux peak along the height of the light metal layer, which is formed above the oxide layer in a stratified corium pool configuration during a PWR severe accident. This is a known safety issue compromising the reactor vessel integrity. The first benchmark step provides a solid foundation to the CFD schemes (physical models, meshes) by comparing the results of CFD simulations with thermal-hydraulic experimental data obtained using water as simulating fluid in a representative and quite laminar configuration. Then a similar but highly turbulent case, of higher height, is considered for more complex validation of the numerical simulation approach. Results with different turbulent models are compared against experimental data. On the strength of this encouraging work, a simulation of the same height configuration but considering steel fluid under severe accident conditions is foreseen at the final stage of this benchmark.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Wagner, Margareta, et al.
(författare)
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Resolving the Structure of a Well-Ordered Hydroxyl Overlayer on In2O3(111) : Nanomanipulation and Theory
- 2017
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Ingår i: ACS Nano. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1936-0851 .- 1936-086X. ; 11:11, s. 11531-11541
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Changes in chemical and physical properties resulting from water adsorption play an important role in the characterization and performance of device-relevant materials. Studies of model oxides with well-characterized surfaces can provide detailed information that is vital for a general understanding of water-oxide interactions. In this work, we study single crystals of indium oxide, the prototypical transparent contact material that is heavily used in a wide range of applications and most prominently in optoelectronic technologies. Water adsorbs dissociatively already at temperatures as low as 100 K, as confirmed by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), photoelectron spectroscopy, and density functional theory. This dissociation takes place on lattice sites of the defect-free surface. While the In2O3(111)-(1 × 1) surface offers four types of surface oxygen atoms (12 atoms per unit cell in total), water dissociation happens exclusively at one of them together with a neighboring pair of 5-fold coordinated In atoms. These O-In groups are symmetrically arranged around the 6-fold coordinated In atoms at the surface. At room temperature, the In2O3(111) surface thus saturates at three dissociated water molecules per unit cell, leading to a well-ordered hydroxylated surface with (1 × 1) symmetry, where the three water OWH groups plus the surface OSH groups are imaged together as one bright triangle in STM. Manipulations with the STM tip by means of voltage pulses preferentially remove the H atom of one surface OSH group per triangle. The change in contrast due to strong local band bending provides insights into the internal structure of these bright triangles. The experimental results are further confirmed by quantitative simulations of the STM image corrugation.
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| 46. |
- Wagner, Margareta, et al.
(författare)
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Well-ordered in adatoms at the In2 O3 (111) surface created by Fe deposition
- 2016
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007. ; 117:20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metal deposition on oxide surfaces usually results in adatoms, clusters, or islands of the deposited material, where defects in the surface often act as nucleation centers. Here an alternate configuration is reported. After the vapor deposition of Fe on the In2O3(111) surface at room temperature, ordered adatoms are observed with scanning tunneling microscopy. These are identical to the In adatoms that form when the sample is reduced by heating in ultrahigh vacuum. Density functional theory calculations confirm that Fe interchanges with In in the topmost layer, pushing the excess In atoms to the surface where they arrange as a well-ordered adatom array.
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