| 1. |
- Selander, John, et al.
(författare)
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Internal locus of control and vocational rehabilitation
- 2008
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Ingår i: Work. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 30:2, s. 149-155
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In previous studies, internal locus of control (ILC) has been pointed out as a key factor for return to work after vocational rehabilitation. The aim of the current study was to gain a deeper understanding of the concept of ILC in a Swedish vocational rehabilitation context. The study was based on data from 347 long-term sick-listed clients collected at the onset of vocational rehabilitation. A first bi-variate analysis showed that ILC was positively associated with physical functioning and general health, and negatively associated with bodily pain. The analysis also showed that women, more than men, reported high internal locus of control. After a second multivariate analysis, only bodily pain remained associated. It is concluded that there exist a strong and negative association between bodily pain and internal locus of control. Clients with severe pain often also suffer from low internal locus of control. This should be kept in mind when providing vocational rehabilitation.
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| 2. |
- Asplund, Ragnar, et al.
(författare)
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Nocturia in relation to somatic health, mental health and pain in adult men and women
- 2005
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Ingår i: BJU International. - 1464-4096 .- 1464-410X. ; 95:6, s. 816-819
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship of nocturia to somatic health, mental health and bodily pain. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A randomly selected group of men and women aged 20-64 years, living in three small municipalities in northern Sweden, or in the city of Ostersund or in Stockholm, were sent a postal questionnaire containing questions on somatic and mental health, satisfaction with life, pain, nocturnal voiding, work and sick-listing from work. RESULTS: Reports (from 1948 respondents) on poor somatic and mental health and on pain all increased in parallel with increasing frequency of nocturnal voids. In a multiple logistic regression analysis with sex, age, somatic health, mental health and bodily pain as the independent variables, significant independent correlates (odds ratios, confidence intervals) of nocturnal micturition (two or more episodes vs none or one) were: age 45-59 vs 20-44 years, 1.9 (1.3-2.7), > or =60 vs 20-44 years, 3.8 (2.4-6.0); somatic health, poor vs good, 2.3 (1.4-3.7); mental health, poor vs good, 1.9 (1.2-3.0); pain, rather mild vs very mild or none, 1.5 (1.0-2.3); rather severe vs very mild or none, 1.9 (1.1-3.2); and very severe vs very mild or none, 6.0 (2.5-14.0). Gender was deleted by the logistic model. Sick-listing for > or = 60 days during the past year was reported by 4.9%, 10.6%, 5.6% and 38.9% of the men with none, one, two or > or = three nocturnal voids, respectively, and by 10%, 12.4%, 23% and 46.7% (both P < 0.001) of the corresponding women, respectively. Life satisfaction decreased in parallel with increased nocturia. CONCLUSION: The impairment of both somatic and mental health was associated with increased nocturnal voiding. Pain was associated with a substantial increase in nocturia after adjusting for age and somatic and mental health. Sick-leave was more common in association with more nocturnal voids.
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| 3. |
- Asplund, Ragnar, et al.
(författare)
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Place of residence as a correlate of sickness absence in Sweden
- 2007
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Ingår i: International Journal of Rehabilitation Research. - 0342-5282 .- 1473-5660. ; 30:2, s. 147-151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A postal questionnaire was sent to 1500 randomly selected men and women aged 20-64 years living in three sparsely populated municipalities in northern Sweden with high rates of sickness absence, and to 1000 corresponding inhabitants in the Swedish capital Stockholm with a low rate of sickness absence. The proportion of participants aged >or=45 years was higher and incomes were lower in municipalities with high rates of sickness absence. In multiple logistic regression analyses with age, education, income, somatic health, mental health, pain and place of residence as independent variables, significant correlates of sick listing in men were: age >or=45 years (odds ratio 5.0; 95% confidence interval 2.4-10.3), poor somatic health (5.4; 2.6-11.0) and severe musculoskeletal pain (4.7; 2.4-9.1); and in women: age >or=45 years (2.6; 1.5-4.8), poor somatic health (12.2; 6.1-24.4), poor mental health (4.5; 2.0-10.1) and severe musculoskeletal pain (5.4; 2.7-10.5). Mental health was deleted by the logistic model for men, and income, education and place of residence for both sexes. We conclude that no support was found for the assumption that factors attributable to place of residence could explain the regional differences in sickness absence.
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| 4. |
- Asplund, Ragnar, 1950-, et al.
(författare)
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Sleep in relation to sickness absence, unemployment and place of residence
- 2005
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Ingår i: Sleep and hypnosis. - 1302-1192. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study, a questionnaire survey, was undertaken to assess the influence of sickness absence and unemployment on sleep in a randomly selected group of men and women in five Swedish municipalities with very different demographic conditions, living conditions and health profiles. The survey comprised 1,948 randomly selected persons (47.7% men) of ages 20–64 years. Poor sleep was reported by 17.0% of the men and 18.5% of the women (NS). Poor sleep was 5.5 (3.5–8.6) times more common in sick listed men and 6.8 (4.7–9.9) times more common is such women than in men and women, respectively, who were not sick-listed. The proportion reporting poor sleep increased in parallel with increasing numbers of days on sickness benefit during the last year. In a multiple logistic regression analysis significant independent correlates of poor sleep in men were: being on sickness benefit (OR 2.1; 95%CI 1.1–3.8), poor somatic health (3.6; 2.0–6.3) and poor mental health (7.0; 4.0–12.3). The corresponding correlates in women were: being on sickness benefit (2.5; 1.4–4.3), poor somatic health (3.2; 1.8–5.8) and poor mental health (5.5; 3.3–9.2). Age, marital status, employment status and the place of residence were deleted by the logistic model for both sexes. It is concluded that poor sleep increased in men and women on sickness benefit but not those who were unemployed after adjustment for age, health, marital status and place of residence.
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| 5. |
- Asplund, Ragnar, et al.
(författare)
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Sleep in relation to somatic health, mental health and pain
- 2004
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Ingår i: Sleep and Hypnosis. - 1302-1192. ; 6:4, s. 148-154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study, a questionnaire survey, was undertaken to assess the influence of somatic health, mental health, pain and age on sleep in a group of men and women. The survey comprised 1948 randomly selected persons (47.7% men) of ages 20-64 years. Poor somatic health was reported by 12.5% of the men and 15.3% of the women and poor mental health by 8.7% of the men and 10.6% of the women. Among the men very good sleep was reported by 34.7% and rather good, rather poor and very poor sleep by 52.8%, 10.9%, and 1.6%, respectively. The corresponding frequencies in women were 32.7%, 51.9%, 12.9% and 2.5%, respectively (NS). No or very light pain was reported by 50.7% of the men and rather light, rather severe or very severe pain by 35.7%, 12.0%, and 1.6%, respectively. The corresponding frequencies in women were 48.1%, 35.4%, 14.1% and 2.4%, respectively (NS). A forward stepwise regression analysis showed that in men, more severe sleep disturbances were associated with poorer mental health (R2=0.227), pain (R2=0.292) and poorer somatic health (R2=0.304). Correspondingly, more severe sleep disturbances were associated with poorer somatic health (R2 = 0.218), poorer mental health (R2=0.280) and pain (R2=0.326) in women. Age, education, being gainfully employed and income were deleted by the regression model in both sexes. It is concluded that poor mental health exerts the most detrimental influence on sleep in men, somatic health in women, and that age does not independently affect sleep at all.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Björk, Annette, et al.
(författare)
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Health, lifestyle habits, and physical fitness among adults with ADHD compared with a random sample of a Swedish general population
- 2018
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Ingår i: Society, health and vulnerability. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2002-1518. ; 9:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Persons with Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) represent a high-risk population according to health and lifestyles. In the present study, 48 adults with ADHD were recruited to a forthcoming lifestyle intervention. The ADHD sample was matched to a random sample of 42 persons from a Swedish general population that was selected from LIV (a Lifestyle-Performance-Health project).Objective: To identify potential differences in health, lifestyle habits, and physical fitness between adults with and without ADHD.Method: Self-reported questionnaires and physical fitness tests.Results: The ADHD group show worse health outcomes with higher odds ratios for bad general health (OR;13 CI; (3,4–50)), and poorer lifestyle habits with higher odds ratios for low weekly exercise (OR; 3,8 CI; (1,2–13)). When adjusting for education, employment status, and cash margin, the ADHD sample did not show decreased aerobic fitness (OR; 0,9 CI; (0,8–1,0), but lower odds ratios for doing less sit-ups (OR; 0,6 CI; (0,4–0,9)) compared to the general population group.Conclusion: It is not possible to prove that the ADHD diagnosis itself cause the worse health and lifestyle. Other lifestyle factors may have negative consequences of adult ADHD, such as lower levels of education, less succeed in working life, and minor financial margins.
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| 8. |
- Björk, Annette, et al.
(författare)
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Perspectives on Everyday Suffering among People with Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Concurrent Mental Disorders
- 2017
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Ingår i: Open Journal of Nursing. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 2162-5336 .- 2162-5344. ; 7, s. 583-598
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to describe the perceptions of everyday suffering among adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and comorbid mental disease. Directed content analysis guided by Eriksson’s theory on human suffering was performed on data from 20 individual interviews. Expressions of both suffering and well-being were identified; the former centred on loneliness and related to life, illness, and care, which supported Eriksson’s theory, whereas expressions of well-being related to ADHD diagnosis and supportive social relationships. Nevertheless, results indicate the need to expand those expressions in order to better contribute to developing a supportive rehabilitation regimen that can provide more interpersonal care.
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| 9. |
- Buys, Nicholas J., et al.
(författare)
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Employee experience of workplace supervisor contact and support during long-term sickness absence
- 2019
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Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 41:7, s. 808-814
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Workplace support is an important factor in promoting successful return to work. The purpose of this article is to examine relationships between supervisor contact, perceived workplace support and demographic variables among employees on long-term sickness absence.Materials and method: Data were collected from 204 public employees at a municipality in Sweden who had been on long term sickness absence (60 days or more) using a 23 question survey instrument that collected information on demographic variables, supervisor contact and perceived workplace support.Results: Most injured employees (97%) reported having contact with their supervisors during their sickness absence, with a majority (56%) reporting high levels of support, including early (58.6%) and multiple (70.7%) contacts. Most were pleased with amount of contact (68.9%) and the majority had discussed workplace accommodations (68.1%). Employees who self-initiated contact, felt the amount of contact was appropriate, had a personal meeting with their supervisors and discussed workplace adjustments reported experiencing higher levels of support from supervisors.Conclusions: Employees on long-term sickness absence appreciate contact from their supervisors and this is associated with perceived workplace support. However, the amount and employee experience of this contact is important. It needs to be perceived by employees as supportive, which includes a focus on strategies (e.g., work adjustment) to facilitate a return to work. Supervisor training is required in this area to support the return to work process.Implications for RehabilitationContact and support from workplace supervisors is important to workers on long-term sickness absence.Employees appreciate frequent contact from supervisors during long-terms sickness absence.Employees appreciate a personal meeting with supervisors and the opportunity to discuss issues related to return to work such as work adjustment.Employers should provide training to supervisors on how to communicate and assist employees on long-term sickness absence.
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| 10. |
- Ekberg, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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Sociala kontakter - på gott eller ont?
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- SyfteStudien syftade till att studera om sociala kontakter med arbetsplatsens aktörer under en sjukskrivning har betydelse för förväntningar om att kunna komma tillbaka i arbeteMetodStudien genomfördes som en enkätstudie till anställda som varit sjukskrivna i mellan 60 och 90 dagar, vilka identifierades via Försäkringskassans register. Totalt svarade 534 individer (48%). Enkätstudien kombinerades med en fördjupad intervjustudie med sjukskrivna, arbetsledare och arbetskollegor.ResultatMajoriteten av de sjukskrivna hade kontakter med arbetsledare och arbetskamrater. Sjukskrivna med sämre hälsotillstånd, sjukskrivna i psykiska besvär och utlandsfödda hade färre kontakter med arbetsledare och arbetskamrater. Multipel logistisk regressionsanalys visar att främst kvaliteten i kontakterna, mätt som stödjande, konstruktiva och engagerade kontakter, med både arbetsledaren och arbetskamraterna, mer än fördubblade chansen att den sjukskrivne har goda förväntningar om att kunna återgå i arbete och att kunna kvarstå i arbete.Intervjustudien understödjer resultaten från enkätstudien i betydelsen av kvaliteten på de sociala kontakterna för en framgångsrik rehabilitering tillbaka till arbete. Förutsättningarna för hur en arbetsledare förhåller sig till den sjukskrivne medarbetaren påverkas av arbetsledarens egen situation. Det är vanligt att chefer är rörliga i arbetslivet, en långvarigt sjukskriven medarbetare kan därför ställas inför situationen att det är en helt ny chef som hon eller han förväntas kommunicera med, och den nye chefen har ingen personlig relation till medarbetaren. I det föränderliga arbetslivet kan en arbetsledares arbetssituation vara tidspressad och det blir lätt att prioritera bort det egna ansvaret för att hålla kontakten, arbetsledare betonar ömsesidigheten i ansvaret.KonklusionerKvaliteten i kontakterna mellan sjukskrivna och deras arbetsledare och arbetskamrater är viktigare än demografiska faktorer och självskattad hälsa och arbetsförmåga för den sjukskrivnes förväntan om att kunna återgå och kvarstå i arbete. Det förekommer sociodemografiska skillnader i frekvensen av kontakter med arbetsledare och arbetskamrater, sjukskrivna med sämre hälsotillstånd, med psykiska besvär eller är utlandsfödda har färre kontakter.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Höglund, Joel, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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AutoPKI : public key infrastructure for IoT with automated trust transfer
- 2024
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Ingår i: International Journal of Information Security. - : Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. - 1615-5262 .- 1615-5270.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IoT deployments grow in numbers and size, which makes questions of long-term support and maintainability increasingly important. Without scalable and standard-compliant capabilities to transfer the control of IoT devices between service providers, IoT system owners cannot ensure long-term maintainability, and risk vendor lock-in. The manual overhead must be kept low for large-scale IoT installations to be economically feasible. We propose AutoPKI, a lightweight protocol to update the IoT PKI credentials and shift the trusted domains, enabling the transfer of control between IoT service providers, building upon the latest IoT standards for secure communication and efficient encodings. We show that the overhead for the involved IoT devices is small and that the overall required manual overhead can be minimized. We analyse the fulfilment of the security requirements, and for a subset of them, we demonstrate that the desired security properties hold through formal verification using the Tamarin prover.
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| 13. |
- Höglund, Joel, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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AutoPKI: Public Key Infrastructure for IoT with Automated Trust Transfer
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- IoT deployments grow in numbers and size which makes questions of long-time support and maintainability increasingly important. By offering standard-compliant capabilities to transfer the control of IoT devices between service providers, maintainability is improved and vendor lock-in can be prevented. We propose AutoPKI, a protocol for transferring control between IoT service providers. We show that the overhead for the involved IoT devices is small and that the overall required manual overhead can be minimized. We analyse the fulfilment of the security requirements, and for a subset of them, we demonstrate that the desired security properties hold through formal verification in the Tamarin prover.
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| 14. |
- Höglund, Rikard, et al.
(författare)
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Secure Communication for the IoT : EDHOC and (Group) OSCORE Protocols
- 2024
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Ingår i: IEEE Access. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 2169-3536. ; 12, s. 49865-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Communication security of an Internet-of-Things (IoT) product depends on the variety of protocols employed throughout its lifetime. The underlying low-power radio communication technologies impose constraints on maximum transmission units and data rates. Surpassing maximum transmission unit thresholds has an important effect on the efficiency of the solution: transmitting multiple fragments over low-power IoT radio technologies is often prohibitively expensive. Furthermore, IoT communication paradigms such as one-to-many require novel solutions to support the applications executing on constrained devices. Over the last decade, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has been working through its various Working Groups on defining lightweight protocols for Internet-of-Things use cases. “Lightweight” refers to the minimal processing overhead, memory footprint and number of bytes in the air, compared to the protocol counterparts used for non-constrained devices in the Internet. This article overviews the standardization efforts in the IETF on lightweight communication security protocols. It introduces EDHOC, a key exchange protocol, OSCORE and Group OSCORE, application data protection protocols adapted for securing IoT applications. The article additionally highlights the design considerations taken into account during the design of these protocols, an aspect not present in the standards documents. Finally, we present an evaluation of these protocols in terms of the message sizes and compare with the non-constrained counterpart, the (D)TLS protocol. We demonstrate that the novel key exchange protocol EDHOC achieves ×5 reduction over DTLS 1.3 authenticated with pre-shared keys in terms of total number of bytes transmitted over the air, while keeping the benefits of authentication with asymmetric credentials.
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| 15. |
- Höglund, Rikard, et al.
(författare)
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Secure Communication for the IoT : EDHOC and (Group) OSCORE Protocols
- 2024
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Ingår i: IEEE Access. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 2169-3536. ; 12, s. 49865-49877
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Communication security of an Internet-of-Things (IoT) product depends on the variety of protocols employed throughout its lifetime. The underlying low-power radio communication technologies impose constraints on maximum transmission units and data rates. Surpassing maximum transmission unit thresholds has an important effect on the efficiency of the solution: transmitting multiple fragments over low-power IoT radio technologies is often prohibitively expensive. Furthermore, IoT communication paradigms such as one-to-many require novel solutions to support the applications executing on constrained devices. Over the last decade, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has been working through its various Working Groups on defining lightweight protocols for Internet-of-Things use cases. “Lightweight” refers to the minimal processing overhead, memory footprint and number of bytes in the air, compared to the protocol counterparts used for non-constrained devices in the Internet. This article overviews the standardization efforts in the IETF on lightweight communication security protocols. It introduces EDHOC, a key exchange protocol, as well as OSCORE and Group OSCORE, application data protection protocols adapted for securing IoT applications. The article additionally highlights the design considerations taken into account during the design of these protocols, an aspect not present in the standards documents. Finally, we present an evaluation of these protocols in terms of the message sizes, and we compare them with the non-constrained counterpart, the (D)TLS protocol. We demonstrate that the novel key exchange protocol EDHOC achieves ×5 reduction over DTLS 1.3 authenticated with pre-shared keys in terms of total number of bytes transmitted over the air, while keeping the benefits of authentication with asymmetric credentials.
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| 16. |
- Jakobsson, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Improved co-operation in vocational rehabilitation with systematic rehabilitation group meetings.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 24:14, s. 734-740
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: The present aim was to investigate the communicative pattern in two rehabilitation groups. The rehabilitation group consisted of the client, a supervisor, an employer representative, an occupational health physician, a rehabilitation counsellor from the national social insurance office and a support person. METHOD: Participatory observation of 22 rehabilitation meetings. The communication was tape-recorded and transcribed word for word. The transcripts were coded and analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The client made the most utterances in the groups, but most often in the form of answers to questions from the other actors. Following the client, the physician made the next most frequent utterances, most often as questions. The subjects most discussed concerned the client's situation regarding work, health and material support. None of the "professionals" dominated the meetings, although one picture that emerged was that the physician and employer representative played more prominent roles as takers of initiative and as coordinators while the client was more passive than the other actors. The discussions were calm and much latitude was allowed for the participants to put forward their own requirements, thoughts and feelings. The rehabilitation group may be viewed as a meeting place for "experts" and clients. The further management of the rehabilitation was by the actor the client most immediately needed. In this, rehabilitation in the rehabilitation group differs from the "case management" common in the rehabilitation field.
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| 17. |
- Klockmo, Carolina, et al.
(författare)
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Important components to create personal working alliances with clients in the mental health sector to support the recovery process
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Rehabilitation Research. - 0342-5282 .- 1473-5660. ; 37:1, s. 40-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Personligt ombud (PO) is a Swedish version of case management that aims to support individuals with psychiatric disabilities. Guidelines to the PO service emphasize the different role that the PO plays with respect to the relationship with clients. The aim of this study was to investigate the components that POs found to be important in the relationship with clients. Telephone interviews with 22 POs across Sweden were carried out. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The relationship with each client was described as the foundation of the POs' work; it was the only 'tool' they had. The findings were reflected in a main theme, which showed the importance of creating personal working alliances with each client where POs put the client at the center of the work and adjusted their support according to the client's needs at the time. Important components were that the PO and the client trusted each other, that the power between the PO and the client was balanced, and to be a personal support. Many of the components that POs found to be important are shown as essential in recovery-oriented services. POs followed the client in the process and remained as long as necessary and this is one way of bringing hope to the client's recovery process. However, the personal tone can be fraught with difficulties and to maintain professionalism, it is necessary to reflect, through discussions with colleagues, with the leader and in supervision.
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| 18. |
- Klockmo, Carolina
(författare)
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The role of personligt ombud in supporting the recovery process for people with psychiatric disabilities
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aim was to explore the experiences and knowledge of Personligt Ombud (PO) (a Swedish version of Case Management) and how they relate to the client's recovery as well as their own role of supporting clients in the recovery process. The thesis consists of four original papers (I-IV), and both quantitative and qualitative methods were used. Paper I showed that there were differences in knowledge and attitude toward recovery between three personnel groups: psychiatric outpatient services (POPS), the supported housing team (SHT) and the PO service, where the POs showed greater knowledge about recovery than both POPS and SHT. The results also indicated that university education and training in recovery was positive related to knowledge and attitudes towards recovery. Findings from papers II - IV showed that the clients' choices permeated all of the work that the POs and clients did together. The strategies used by the POs put the client in an active changing process, where he/she became involved in every aspect of the process. The work of the PO included discussions and collaboration with clients. The relationship with the client was the foundation of the work, and it was important to build a working alliance, which also involved a personal dimension. The findings also showed that POs experienced their role as unbounded, where they didn't have to consider any organizational frames, and POs solely represent the client. However, the free role was also connected with responsibilities concerning their work, and POs had to be able to work independently. The role as POs also enables to get a holistic view to both the client as well as to the welfare system. However, the freestanding role demanded legitimacy, and the POs had to work for this. It was important for the PO service to develop good platforms for cooperation with other actors in the society. In conclusion, it is interesting and leads to the question of whether POs and personnel in POPS can relate to two different kinds of recovery: personal vs. clinical. It may be important to consider the need for university education and training in recovery developing recovery-oriented practices. Findings showed that the PO service has developed a method in accordance to the NBHW guidelines, which in many cases, may benefit the clients' recovery process; however, there were aspects the PO service needed to develop. They seemed to use a problem-oriented approach, and they need to change this and look at the clients' strengths, both individual and environmental, and use them in order to support the client to reach goals in life. In Strengths Model Case Management, the Strengths assessment exists, that may be useful. The POs' service also needs to strengthen their organization and possibly develop support among colleagues.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Lundholm, N., et al.
(författare)
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Induction of domoic acid production in diatoms-Types of grazers and diatoms are important
- 2018
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Ingår i: Harmful Algae. - : Elsevier BV. - 1568-9883. ; 79, s. 64-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Grazers can induce toxin (domoic acid, DA) production in diatoms. The toxic response has been observed in two species of Pseudo-nitzschia and was induced by Calanus copepods. In this study, interactions between diatoms and copepods were further explored using different species of diatoms and copepods. All herbivorous copepods induced toxin production, whereas exposure to carnivorous copepods did not. In line with this, increasing the number of herbivorous copepods resulted in even higher toxin production. The induced response is thus only elicited by copepods that pose a real threat to the responding cells, which supports that the induced toxin production in diatoms evolved as an inducible defense. The cellular toxin content in Pseudo-nitzschia was positively correlated to the concentration of a group of specific polar lipids called copepodamides that are excreted by the copepods. This suggests that copepodamides are the chemical cues responsible for triggering the toxin production. Carnivorous copepods were found to produce less or no copepodamides. Among the diatoms exposed to grazing herbivorous copepods, only two of six species of Pseudo-nitzschia and none of the Nitzschia or Fragilariopsis strains responded by producing DA, indicating that not all Pseudo-nitzschia species/strains are able to produce DA, and that different diatom species might have different strategies for coping with grazing pressure. Growth rate was negatively correlated to cellular domoic acid content indicating an allocation cost associated with toxin production. Long-term grazing experiments showed higher mortality rates of grazers fed toxic diatoms, supporting the hypothesis that DA production is an induced defense mechanism.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Marnetoft, Sven-Uno, et al.
(författare)
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A comparison of perceived health, attitudes to work, leisure time, and social welfare systems among people in a rural area in the north of Sweden and among people in the city of Stockholm
- 2007
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Ingår i: Work. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 28:2, s. 153-164
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A problem attracting considerable attention in Sweden today is the substantial regional differences in sickness absence. The aim of the study was to investigate and compare how people, from a random sample of the population in both a rural area in the north of Sweden and the Swedish capital Stockholm, perceive their health, and what their attitudes are to work, leisure time and social welfare systems. Results showed that a larger proportion of those answering in Stockholm considered their health status to be "very good", compared with those in the rural area (p<0.0001). A majority in the rural area compared to the city of Stockholm reported a high or very high level of aches/pain (p<0.0001) and that work causes them physical problems p<0.0001). The population in both Stockholm and the rural area is of the opinion that the increase in sickness absence is mainly due to deterioration in the work environment. Almost half of the individuals in both the rural area and in Stockholm are of the opinion that many of those sick-listed are not actually ill. It may be that in the rural area in north Sweden people are more inclined to put their opinions to practice than those in Stockholm are
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| 23. |
- Marnetoft, Sven Uno, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term effects of early versus delayed vocational rehabilitation - a four-year follow-up
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 24:14, s. 741-745
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose : The aim of this study was to investigate whether early vocational rehabilitation is more effective than rehabilitation initiated at a later stage. Method : The study was based on a sample of 612 individuals on long-term sick leave (90 days or more) who had received vocational rehabilitation. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate whether time before start of rehabilitation was associated with the outcome. Results : The study supports the hypothesis that early interventions are more effective than late, but only for women, and more so for the younger woman than for the older.
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| 24. |
- Marnetoft, Sven-Uno, et al.
(författare)
-
Multidisciplinary vocational rehabilitation focusing on work training and case management for unemployed sick-listed people
- 2000
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Rehabilitation Research. - 0342-5282 .- 1473-5660. ; 23:4, s. 271-279
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Twenty-four unemployed sick-listed people were referred during 1996 and 1997 to a multidisciplinary vocational rehabilitation programme with additional work training and case management. Twelve months after the programme, 54.2% in the study group had lowered their benefit levels compared with those at the start while 26.1% in the control group - who underwent a conventional rehabilitation programme - had lowered their benefit levels (p = 0.050, Chi-squared test). There were no significant differences regarding fewer sick days three and 12 months after the programme between the study group and the control group. Regarding self-assessed quality of life, there were no significant differences within or between the groups. We conclude that this multidisciplinary vocational rehabilitation programme with work training and case-management affected the outcome positively regarding lowered level of benefits 12 months after termination of programme compared with level at start. Studies of the long-term effect of the programme should, however, be performed with more subjects in both study group and control group.
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| 25. |
- Nordenmark, Mikael, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
-
Self-rated health among young Europeans not in employment, education or training - with a focus on the conventionally unemployed and the disengaged
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Society, health & vulnerability. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 2002-1518. ; 6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- NEET is an acronym for Not in Employment, Education or Training. For the year 2010, it is estimated that 12.5% of all young people aged 15-24 in the OECD countries could be categorised as NEETs. Within this group, various subgroups of NEET are identified. Our study, which was conducted using cross-sectional data collected through the European Social Survey, focuses on the category of people who are assumed to be most marginalised and inactive: "the disengaged.'' Participants in the study were men and women aged 18-30, originating from 33 European countries. The results show that disengaged NEETs reported poorer health than both young people who were conventionally unemployed and those in employment or studying. It is also shown that "the disengaged'' scored worse on other social and welfare variables, for example, trust and social activity. Being disengaged is discussed in relation to the gross domestic products of the different countries.
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| 26. |
- Persson Waye, Kerstin, 1959, et al.
(författare)
-
Adopting a child perspective for exposome research on mental health and cognitive development - Conceptualisation and opportunities.
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Environmental research. - 0013-9351 .- 1096-0953. ; 239:Pt 1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mental disorders among children and adolescents pose a significant global challenge. The exposome framework covering the totality of internal, social and physical exposures over a lifetime provides opportunities to better understand the causes of and processes related to mental health, and cognitive functioning. The paper presents a conceptual framework on exposome, mental health, and cognitive development in children and adolescents, with potential mediating pathways, providing a possibility for interventions along the life course. The paper underscores the significance of adopting a child perspective to the exposome, acknowledging children's specific vulnerability, including differential exposures, susceptibility of effects and capacity to respond; their susceptibility during development and growth, highlighting neurodevelopmental processes from conception to young adulthood that are highly sensitive to external exposures. Further, critical periods when exposures may have significant effects on a child's development and future health are addressed. The paper stresses that children's behaviour, physiology, activity pattern and place for activities make them differently vulnerable to environmental pollutants, and calls for child-specific assessment methods, currently lacking within today's health frameworks. The importance of understanding the interplay between structure and agency is emphasized, where agency is guided by social structures and practices and vice-versa. An intersectional approach that acknowledges the interplay of social and physical exposures as well as a global and rural perspective on exposome is further pointed out. To advance the exposome field, interdisciplinary efforts that involve multiple scientific disciplines are crucial. By adopting a child perspective and incorporating an exposome approach, we can gain a comprehensive understanding of how exposures impact children's mental health and cognitive development leading to better outcomes.
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| 27. |
- Rinaldo, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
-
Return to work after vocational rehabilitation for sick-listed workers with long-term back, neck and shoulder problems : A follow-up study of factors involved
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Work. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 55:1, s. 115-131
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Absence from work due to musculoskeletal disorders is a significant problem from a number of perspectives, and there is a great need to identify factors that facilitate return to work (RTW). OBJECTIVE: To identify factors related to RTW after vocational rehabilitation for sick-listed workers with long-term back, neck and/or shoulder problems, and to compare the results with those from a previous literature review based on studies from 1980 to 2000. METHODS: A literature review based on studies published 2001-2014 in PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, ERIC and the Cochrane Library. RESULTS: Major risk factors for not returning to work are: higher age, factors related to pain such as higher levels of pain and pain related fear, avoidance of activity, high distress and depression. Facilitating factors for RTW are: lower functional disability, gaining control over one's own condition, believing in RTW and work-related factors such as occupational training, and having a job coach or an RTW coordinator. Compared with the results from the previous review, the present review shows less of a focus on sociodemographic factors and more on psychological factors. Both studies highlight risk factors such as older age, higher levels of pain, depression and less internal locus of control. CONCLUSION: Psychosocial and work-related factors are important and should be included in interventions for the RTW of people with long-term back, neck and/or shoulder problems.
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| 28. |
- Saha, M., et al.
(författare)
-
Using chemical language to shape future marine health
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. - : Wiley. - 1540-9295 .- 1540-9309. ; 17:9, s. 530-537
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- "Infochemicals" (information-conveying chemicals) dominate much of the underwater communication in biological systems. They influence the movement and behavior of organisms, the ecological interactions between and across populations, and the trophic structure of marine food webs. However, relative to their terrestrial equivalents, the wider ecological and economic importance of marine infochemicals remains understudied and a concerted, cross-disciplinary effort is needed to reveal the full potential of marine chemical ecology. We highlight current challenges with specific examples and suggest how research on the chemical ecology of marine organisms could provide opportunities for implementing new management solutions for future "blue growth" (the sustainable use of ocean resources) and maintaining healthy marine ecosystems.
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| 29. |
- Selander, Göran, et al.
(författare)
-
Object Security for Constrained RESTful Environments (OSCORE)
- 2019
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This document defines Object Security for Constrained RESTful Environments (OSCORE), a method for application-layer protection of the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP), using CBOR Object Signing and Encryption (COSE). OSCORE provides end-to-end protection between endpoints communicating using CoAP or CoAP-mappable HTTP. OSCORE is designed for constrained nodes and networks supporting a range of proxy operations, including translation between different transport protocols.
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| 30. |
- Selander, John, et al.
(författare)
-
Case-Management in Vocational Rehabilitation : A case study with promising results
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Work. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 24, s. 297-304
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: The aim of the current study was to investigate whether Case Management and the strengths model could be a successful method in vocational rehabilitation of unemployed people on long term sick leave in Sweden. An additional aim was to further highlight the actual rehabilitation process. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Ten clients, five men and five women aged between 35 and 40, were included in the project. All ten were at the project start both long-term unemployed (2-13 years) and on long term sick leave (2-6 years). The project was evaluated from four perspectives: Quality of life (SF 36), sickness absence, and contact with working life were investigated before and after the project. The rehabilitation process was investigated during and after the project. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The result from the study was positive. Of the 10 clients who participated in the project, six have improved their quality of life, seven have a diminished sickness absence and seven have a closer contact to working life after the project than before. With regards to the rehabilitation process, the results here also impart a positive picture. It should be noted, however, that the study is small and not based on a random sample. The results should not be generalized, but recognized instead as a positive indication.
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| 31. |
- Selander, John, et al.
(författare)
-
Contact With the Workplace During Long-Term Sickness Absence and Worker Expectations of Return to Work
- 2015
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Disability Mangement Research. - Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. - 1833-8550 .- 1834-4887. ; 10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since long-term sickness absence constitutes a problem in most western countries, research that can facilitate return to work (RTW) is important. Today there is evidence that the social context at the workplace has a significant impact on return to work. The dual aims of the study was firstly to investigate the pattern and quality of contact between employees on long-term sick leave and different actors at the workplace, and secondly to investigate whether contacts with the workplace were associated with expectations regarding return to work. An explorative method and descriptive design was used for the first aim. For the second aim, the data was analysed in a multivariate logistic regression model. The results show that employees had frequent and, in most cases, appreciated contact with their supervisor and co-workers. Contact with other workplace actors; that is, the occupational health unit, the union representative, and the human resources department, were less frequent. Employees who experienced the contact as supportive and constructive were far more positive and optimistic than others regarding return to work. It is concluded that supervisors and co-workers should be aware that they play a significant role in the return-to-work process, and that quality of contact is what matters.
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| 32. |
- Selander, John
(författare)
-
Economic Incentives for Return to Work in Sweden : In Theory and in Practice
- 2006
-
Ingår i: International journal of Disability Management Research. - 1833-8550. ; 1:1, s. 107-113
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A significant problem in Sweden is the large number of people on long-term sickness absence and disability pension. To prevent long-term absenteeism, increased focus has been put on employers and disability management (DM). Effective DM, however, also requires a motivated employee. One way to motivate employees to return to work (RTW), is to provide economic incentives. The aim of the current study was to investigate the occurrence of economic incentives for people in Sweden to RTW after long-term sickness absence. The study is based on three fictitious cases. The results show that only marginal economic incentives presently exist in the Swedish RTW system. The necessity for economic incentives in the RTW process can, of course, be usefully debated. Research suggests, however, that such incentives play a part in the RTW process. With stronger economic incentives for the employee, the effectiveness of DM and prospects of job return would, arguably, be enhanced
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| 33. |
- Selander, John, professor, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
-
Interrelated Factors for Return to Work of Sick-Listed Employees in Sweden
- 2021
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Disability Mangement Research. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1833-8550 .- 1834-4887. ; 15
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Long-term sickness absence is a significant human and economic cost in many countries, including Sweden making research on factors which impact on return to work (RTW) relevant. This study has two aims: (1) provide an overview of factors that impact RTW expectations in a national sample of Swedish workers on long-term sickness absence; and (2) gain an understanding of the interrelationships among these factors using a socioecological framework and decision tree analysis. Method: A survey, designed to capture information about demographic variables, health and work ability, workplace contact, supervisor support and expectations of return to work, was mailed to 1,112 randomly selected sick-listed people in Sweden and completed by 534, representing a response rate of 48%. Results: The most important factors affecting RTW expectations were work ability and burnout. Employees reporting high levels of work ability were more likely to expect to RTW compared to those reporting low levels, and this was dependent on their relative burnout score. Those with a high burnout score were less likely to expect to RTW, while for those with a low burnout score RTW expectations were dependent on age, country of birth, and supervisor support. For young employees reporting low work ability and low burnout score, RTW expectations were lower. Conclusions: Our results suggest a more nuanced approach to delivery of RTW services is required, whereby practitioners need to understand the socioecology of the range of factors that impact RTW expectations. The use of decision tree analysis facilitates this understanding by describing the interrelationships between these factors.
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| 34. |
- Selander, John, 1964-
(författare)
-
Is Employer-Based Disability Management Necessary in a Social-Democratic Welfare State like Sweden?
- 2016
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Disability Mangement Research. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 1833-8550 .- 1834-4887. ; 11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article the need for employer-based disability management (DM) in a modern welfare state is discussed. The article is not a traditional research article, but rather a conceptual article with a purpose to discuss and reflect over existing perspectives, and argue for a stronger focus on welfare state issues in DM research. Focus is set on Sweden and it is concluded that much of the thought behind DM is indeed built into the comprehensive welfare system. In addition to the employer's responsibilities regarding ill-health prevention, the Acts and regulations of the governmental social insurance agency's responsibilities regarding return to work are comprehensive. As can be seen, however, this is no guarantee that the established process will work in practice. In too many cases, the system in Sweden is suffering from organisational and case-level related problems. Against this background, it is suggested that current responsibilities put on the social insurance agency can be removed and instead be put on the employer. The answer to the main question stated in this article (i.e., ‘Is employer-based DM necessary in a social-democratic welfare state like Sweden?’) is obviously yes.
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| 35. |
- Selander, John, et al.
(författare)
-
Locus of control and regional differences in sickness absence in Sweden.
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 27:16, s. 925-928
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate if there are differences in locus of control (LOC), at a societal level, between two residential areas in Sweden with substantial differences in sickness absence. METHOD: A postal questionnaire was sent to 1500 randomly selected men and women aged 20 - 64 years. Five hundred questionnaires were sent to people living in Stromsund (a sparsely populated municipality in northern Sweden with high rates of sickness absence) and 1000 questionnaires to people in the Swedish capital of Stockholm, which has a low rate of sickness absence. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A comparison of LOC in the two study areas supported our hypothesis to a certain extent, external locus being more prominent in Stromsund. When physical and mental health and income were considered, however, the differences disappeared. Consequently, this study did not support the opinion that differences in sickness absence can be explained by LOC at a societal level
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| 36. |
- Selander, John, et al.
(författare)
-
Predictors for successful vocational rehabilitation for clients with back pain problems
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - Abingdon : Informa UK Limited. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 29:3, s. 215-220
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to identify predicting factors for successful vocational rehabilitation for people with back pain problems. METHOD: The study was based on data from 347 long-term sick-listed clients collected at the onset of vocational rehabilitation. The outcome was measured 6 months after the conclusion of rehabilitation. RESULTS: In a first bi-variate analysis, a considerable number of variables were associated with the rehabilitation outcome. In a second multivariate analysis, only four associations remained. These were age, general health, vitality and internal locus of control. Young vital clients in good general health, with a high internal locus of control were more likely than others to return to work. CONCLUSION: The findings regarding age, general health and vitality are well in line with previous studies. The findings regarding internal locus of control are more unique.
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| 37. |
- Selander, John, et al.
(författare)
-
Return to work following vocational rehabilitation for neck, back and shoulder problems : Risk factors reviewed
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 24:14, s. 704-712
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: The present aim was an overview of factors associated with return to work following vocational rehabilitation for problems in the neck, back, and shoulders. METHOD: Studies were identified through a systematic keyword search in databases. For inclusion, return to work had to be in focus and studies to have been published between 1980 and 2000. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A great number of demographic, psychological, social, medical, rehabilitation-related, workplace-related and benefit-system-related factors are associated with return to work. The different types of risk factor are associated in many ways. People with greater chances of job return after vocational rehabilitation are younger, native, highly educated, have a steady job and high income, are married and have stable social networks, are self-confident, happy with life, not depressed, have low level of disease severity and no pain, high work seniority, long working history and an employer that cares and wishes them back to the work place. Unfortunately, people with the above profile are seldom found among the long-term sick.
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| 38. |
- Selander, John, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
-
Sickness absence as an indicator of health in Sweden
- 2010
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Disability Mangement Research. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 1833-8550 .- 1834-4887. ; 5, s. 40-47
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For many years Sweden has experienced high rates of sickness absence among employees. Sickness absence is often regarded as an indicator of health in a population, with low rates of absence associated with good health and high degrees of absence associated with poor health. The aim of this article is to examine this hypothesis — that the high rates of sickness absence in Sweden is an indicator of poor health. Sickness absence and health data was obtained from official government statistics in order to compare Sweden with six other European countries and a number of health-related variables. The hypothesis was not supported by the results of this study. While Sweden has a high rate of sickness absence, it ranks highly on a range of health variables when compared to other European countries. Instead, sickness absence may be more strongly associated with rates of unemployment. In times of high unemployment, sickness absence is low, and in times low unemployment, sickness absence is high. While public health programs are essential components of primary health care initiatives, the evidence from this study indicates that they are unlikely to have significant impact on sickness absence in Sweden. Instead more effort should be made to intervene early following sickness absence through providing timely vocational rehabilitation and disability management programs.
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| 39. |
|
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| 40. |
- Selander, John, professor, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
-
The athletic work force : Sport as a key to employment for people with intellectual disabilities?
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Work. - : IOS Press. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 76, s. 1407-1417
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: People with disabilities are employed at lower rates than non-disabled individuals and, among people with disabilities, those with intellectual disabilities have most difficulty finding and keeping employment. The reasons for the low labour participation among people with intellectual disabilities are many. Sport participation has a number of positive effects for the individual, and it is reasonable to hypothesise that sport participation favours labour-force participation for individuals with intellectual disabilities. OBJECTIVE: The dual aim of the current study was to investigate labour market participation among Swedish athletes with intellectual disabilities attending Special Olympics Invitational Games, and to investigate these athletes’ experiences regarding the effect of sport participation on finding and keeping a job. METHOD: The study design includes two parallel data collections, a survey and an interview study. The survey was analysed using descriptive statistics and the interviews were analysed using content analysis. RESULTS: The major result of the survey was the large number of individuals with intellectual disabilities who were in work: among men, 72% and, among women, 44%. This result was encouraging and differs from previous statistics on employment among Swedes with intellectual disabilities. The content analysis resulted in a first step in the categories manual work , individual sports and team sports , and in a second step, where the relation between sports and work was analysed, in two categories, namely indirect and direct relations between sport and work . CONCLUSION: To improve chances for individuals with intellectual disabilities to find and keep a job, sports participation should be encouraged.
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| 41. |
- Selander, John
(författare)
-
Unemployed sick-leavers and vocational rehabilitation : a person-level study based on a national social insurance material
- 1999
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In Sweden and in many other western countries, the great number of long-term sick and disability pensioners represents a problem. To reintroduce sick and injured people to the labour market increasing emphasis has been put on vocational rehabilitation. However, many long-term sick are also unemployed. The primary aim of this study, therefore, was to investigate the unemployed long-term sicklisted and their vocational rehabilitation. The study is based on a sample of 3073 long-term sick-leave cases reported sick at social insurance offices in an urban area in Sweden. Unemployed people, especially men, were heavily overrepresented among the long-term sick. Among the men, more than one fourth of the cases were unemployed when reporting sick. Mental diagnoses were more frequent among the unemployed (45%) than among the employed (16%), especially among the younger men (54% vs. 18%). Unemployed people had to wait longer before rehabilitation started (367 vs. 271 days) and also more often moved on to temporary disability pensions. The study partly supports the hypothesis that unemployed people are disregarded in vocational rehabilitation: rehabilitation plans at the social insurance offices are more seldom drawn up for the unemployed. A more important finding, however, was the indication of major problems in vocational rehabilitation as a whole, irrespective of employment status. Neither the employer nor the social insurance office seem to fulfil their statuary obligations: vocational rehabilitation activities seem far too few and are initiated unnecessarily late. The effect of vocational rehabilitation on later sick-leave and disability pension was investigated. A pretest-posttest study without controls showed overall positive effects, while a study with matched controls only partly did so. Unemployed women were indicated as particularly difficult to rehabilitate. This finding could be explained by unemployed women having more complex problems than others, a hypothesis supported in the study. A finding was also that people receiving vocational rehabilitation, regardless of sex and employment status, had less complex problems than people without vocational rehabilitation. In a further analysis using stepwise logistic regression, factors associated with rehabilitation outcome were investigated. For employed men and women age, income and days on sick-leave before vocational rehabilitation measure were identified as factors associated with rehabilitation outcome: employed people of low age, high income and fewer days before rehabilitation were more likely than others to return to the labour-market; for employed men, education was also identified as more effective than other measures. Associates among the unemployed were days on sick-leave before vocational rehabilitation measure (only for men) and age (only for women). The study supports the hypothesis that early vocational rehabilitation is more effective than late.
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| 42. |
- Selander, Staffan, et al.
(författare)
-
The discursive formation of health. A study of printed health education material used in primary care
- 1997
-
Ingår i: Patient Education and Counseling. - 0738-3991. ; 31:3, s. 181-189
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study analyses printed educational material on cholesterol, food and health-related lifestyle changes used in primary care in southern Sweden. Two theoretically grounded perspectives are used: orientation of knowledge and rhetoric. According to the first one, the material contained many examples of abstract and detailed knowledge, such as tables of energy contents, and a little less of action-oriented and detailed knowledge, such as food recipes. We also found a few examples of comprehensive, abstract knowledge, such as theoretic explanations. Action-oriented and comprehensive knowledge, relating health to-lifestyle, were rare. The rhetoric style of the material was generally dominated by plain facts, without any identified voice (i.e. sender) or any emotional orientation. Overall, information was not related to 'the voice of the life-world' but to 'the voice of medicine', and it was in character more general than specific.
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| 43. |
- Skoglund, Wilhelm, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
-
The Swedish alcohol monopoly : A bottleneck for microbrewers in Sweden?
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Cogent Social Sciences. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2331-1886. ; 7:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The evolution of the craft beer sector has been gaining traction around the world since the 1980s, developing from factors such as an increased demand for alternative and locally distinct flavours in beer, increased interest in pairing food with the right type of beer, and increased income levels. Meanwhile, the economic and political contexts for establishing and running craft breweries differ between cities, regions, and nations. This study takes its point of departure from the producer perspective of the craft beer sector in the alcohol monopoly of Sweden, where the interest in craft breweries has also developed quickly over the last decades. The main purpose of the study is to contribute to the understanding of producer perspectives on operating in an alcohol monopoly, and how this effects development opportunities. The study has an explorative, mixed methods approach and is based on a survey encompassing all Swedish craft brewers as well as qualitative data from northern Sweden, including interviews with craft beer producers, site visits, and document analysis. The conclusions provide a complex picture of the Swedish alcohol monopoly and its impact on the craft brewers, and hence the development of the craft beer sector. However, the critical dimensions are more pronounced among the producers, suggesting that the Swedish organisation favours large-scale breweries, creates uncertain market conditions, leads to quick and unexpected decisions, and creates logistical difficulties. From an international comparative dimension, this indicates that the craft beer sector in Sweden could benefit from and grow even stronger with modifications to the market conditions according to the situation in other geographical contexts.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Tjulin, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
-
An International Online Work Disability Policy Course : How A University Partnership Became A Facilitator
- 2019
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- So what?Our Masters and PhD students within the field of work disability prevention are part of a global economy where challenges and commonalities between nations need to be addressed. International learning collaborations can facilitate student movement from theory (e.g. about different social security systems) to praxis, through interactive knowledge exchange amongst peers (Loisel et al, 2009).An international on-line course can facilitate participation without the need for travel and additional related expenses is a way to foster student equity in higher education.What is the innovation?Our annual 10-week course, “What is fair? International perspectives on equity on work and health”, was first implemented in January 2019.The course, based on cooperation between Mid-Sweden University, University of Waterloo and Mälardalen University in Sweden and Canada, provides the students with unique learning opportunities to work with international peers on course work and group activities while learning about international systems and policy in relation to health, work and equity.Our partnership (with aims to expand) goes beyond the intention to provide an international learning environment; it also includes knowledge exchange between the universities. That is, the partnership includes co-operative development not only between faculty members, but also among pedagogical developers, international relations office administrators and librarians.The outcome?When we meet at the conference, we will have more to tell you about the specific course and experiences gained from faculty members, administrative members but foremost students who have undertaken the course.
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| 46. |
- Tjulin, Åsa, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
-
Learning experiences in return-to-work among workplace actors
- 2015
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Disability Management. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 1833-8550 .- 1834-4887. ; 10, s. 1-8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The objective of this article was to investigate how individual learning emerges among workplace actors during the return-to-work process, and whether the prerequisites for collective learning at the workplace are present and managed by the actors. Learning in this context is viewed as a change in the preconceptions, experience or competence of the individual as a result of interactions in the workplace due to the return-to-work process. Method: A qualitative method was used, consisting of open-ended interviews with 19 individuals across 11 workplaces in the public and private sector. Inductive content analysis was performed. Results: The key findings from this study are that individual learning emerges in the returnto-work process due to previous experience, communication with other workplace actors, or insights into what works for the individual. However, the individual learning that occurs in the return-to-work process is not carried over into workplace learning due to barriers in understanding the needs and opportunities that may be present in the process. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that individual learning occurs within social practices through social interaction between the actors involved (workers on sickness absence supervisors and colleagues) and individual experiences. A greater knowledge of the factors that contribute to workplace learning could facilitate biopsychosocial and ecological return-to-work interventions, which allow workplace actors to draw on previous experiences from one return-to-work process to another.
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| 47. |
- Tjulin, Åsa, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
-
Virtual Internationalization – we did it our way
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Högre Utbildning. - Oslo : Nordic Open Access Scholarly Publishing. - 2000-7558. ; 11:2, s. 1-13
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using virtual internationalization as a key concept, this article adds to the body of experience-based knowledge on how to build partnerships and develop courses within higher education. The purpose of this article is to disseminate knowledge about the collaborative process that took place when Swedish and Canadian universities created an international online course focused on work and health. The article presents the challenges and mitigating strategies during course implementation and preconditions that enabled the co-production of the course. The conclusion provides critical reflections, questions and lessons learned that arose from the instructors reflections in relation to virtual internationalization. The self-reflexive experiences were analysed through the lens of internationalization in higher education and virtual internationalization literature, and the theory of social coordination and bureaucracy to enable an understanding of how we did it our way.
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| 48. |
- van Kamp, Irene, et al.
(författare)
-
Early environmental quality and life-course mental health effects: The Equal-Life project
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Environmental Epidemiology. - 2474-7882. ; 6:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: There is increasing evidence that a complex interplay of factors within environments in which children grows up, contributes to children's suboptimal mental health and cognitive development. The concept of the life-course exposome helps to study the impact of the physical and social environment, including social inequities, on cognitive development and mental health over time. Methods: Equal-Life develops and tests combined exposures and their effects on children's mental health and cognitive development. Data from eight birth-cohorts and three school studies (N = 240.000) linked to exposure data, will provide insights and policy guidance into aspects of physical and social exposures hitherto untapped, at different scale levels and timeframes, while accounting for social inequities. Reasoning from the outcome point of view, relevant stakeholders participate in the formulation and validation of research questions, and in the formulation of environmental hazards. Exposure assessment combines GIS-based environmental indicators with omics approaches and new data sources, forming the early-life exposome. Statistical tools integrate data at different spatial and temporal granularity and combine exploratory machine learning models with hypothesis-driven causal modeling. Conclusions: Equal-Life contributes to the development and utilization of the exposome concept by (1) integrating the internal, physical and social exposomes, (2) studying a distinct set of life-course effects on a child's development and mental health (3) characterizing the child's environment at different developmental stages and in different activity spaces, (4) looking at supportive environments for child development, rather than merely pollutants, and (5) combining physical, social indicators with novel effect markers and using new data sources describing child activity patterns and environments.
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- Vinberg, Stig, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Jämlikhet och hälsa med fokus på arbetslivet : Erfarenheter från en internationell hälsovetenskaplig kurs
- 2020
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Ingår i: Socialmedicinsk Tidskrift. - 0037-833X. ; 97:2, s. 314-323
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Artikelns syfte är att utifrån granskning av studentuppgifter i en internationell kurs belysa betydelsen av hälsa och arbetsvillkor i relation till jämlikhets- och rättviseaspekter. Studenterna pekar på komplexitet när det gäller arbetslivsfrågor och att det finns en potential till förstärkta hälsofrämjande insatseri arbetslivet, vilket har stor betydelse i ett folkhälsopolitiskt perspektiv. De pekar även på betydelsen av att anlägga ett intersektionellt perspektiv då ojämlikhet i arbetslivet analyseras och att prioritera hälso- och arbetsmiljö-förbättrande insatser för personer med krävande arbetsförhållanden och begynnande ohälsa. Studenternas engagemang i den web-baserade kursen, som drivits av två svenska och ett kanadensiskt universitet, tyder på att den positivt bidragit till utbyte mellan studenter från olika länder.
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