| 1. |
- Allwood, Carl Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Social and creative decision making
- 2001
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Ingår i: Decision making: Social and creative dimensions. - 0792368622 ; , s. 3-11
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this introductory chapter the authors summarize the chapters in the book by identifying and describing a number of dimensions on which the various chapters, and descriptions of decision making processes more generally, can be located. These dimensions include: individual or institutional perspective, theoretical tradition, theoretical or empirical focus and types of creative aspects of the decision making process and the decision product elucidated.
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| 2. |
- Boe, Ole, et al.
(författare)
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Does the Use of Decision Heuristics Influence Impulse Buying?
- 2001
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present study a survey was performed in order to investigate if the use of heuristics in decision-making has an influence on the impulse buying tendency. Another aim of the study was to see if there were any age differences with regard to the use of heuristics and the impulse buying tendency. The study was conducted with students from Göteborg University and Karlstad University in Sweden (n = 69), with different educational backgrounds. Participants filled out a booklet of questions divided in two parts. One part measured impulse buying tendencies, and the second part measured the use of heuristics in decision-making. One hypothesis was that impulse buyers would use heuristics to a higher degree than planned buyers. It was also hypothesized that young participants would be more impulsive buyers because they use heuristics more than older participants. The results gave no support to the hypothesis that impulse buyers would use heuristics to a higher degree than planned buyers. Support for the second hypothesis was received as 20-24 year old high achievers on the heuristics test were found to be significantly more impulsive buyers than low achievers in the same age group.
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| 3. |
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Decision making: Social and creative dimensions
- 2001
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This volume presents research that relates decision making to creativity with a focus on the social context in which these processes occur. Social and creative aspects have, to some extent, been neglected in previous behavioral decision research. The chapters complement research that have been presented under different headings such as ’naturalistic decision making’, ’distributed decision making’, and ’applied creativity’. Most of the authors are from psychology, others come from management science, health science, education, policy and planning, and informatics. Several of the chapters address basic and general issues with regard to the social and creative dimensions of decision making. Other chapters deal with personal decision making and different aspects of decision making in organizations.
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| 4. |
- Eek, Daniel, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of evaluation dimension and social comparison on choices of allocation principles.
- 2004
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A group of 49 undergraduate business school and 46 undergraduate psychology students and a group of 95 employees at different companies responded to a number of case-based organizational allocation tasks. Imagining themselves as employees in the organizations described, participants chose the fairest and the best out of four allocations in either a collectively or an individually framed organizational culture. Furthermore, social comparisons between different groups in the organizations were salient for half of the participants. It was predicted that evaluations on the fairness dimension, social comparison, and a collectively oriented organizational culture would increase choices of an equal allocation. It was also predicted that evaluations on the preference dimension, non-social comparison, and an individually oriented organizational culture would increase choices of non-equality distributions (i.e., maximization, pro-self, or pro-other). Results supported all predictions except those for organizational culture.
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| 5. |
- Eek, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Is there a pro-self component behind the prominence effect? : Individual resource allocation decisions with communities as potential beneficiaries
- 2005
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Ingår i: International Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.. - 0020-7594 .- 1464-066X. ; 40:6, s. 429-440
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An important problem for decision-makers in society deals with the efficient and equitable allocation of scarce resources to individuals and groups. The significance of this problem is rapidly growing since there is a rising demand for scarce resources all over the world. Such resource dilemmas belong to a conceptually broader class of situations known as social dilemmas. In this type of dilemma, individual choices that appear "rational" often result in suboptimal group outcomes. In this article we study how people make monetary allocation decisions between the community where they live and a neighbouring community, with the aim of finding out to what extent these decisions are subject to biased over-weighting. The manuscript reports four experiments that deal with the way individuals make such allocation decisions when the potential beneficiaries are such communities. The specific goal of these experiments is to gauge the amount of bias in the weights that people assign to the various beneficiaries. Taken together, the results from all the four experiments suggest that making the gain of the neighbouring community prominent to a higher extent de-biases the outcomes (the prominence effect) compared to when own community gain is made prominent. Place identity is discussed as a potentially important factor in this connection. Hence, it may be argued that there seems to be some kind of a pro-self component that is able to explain a large part of the variance observed for the prominence effect. Connections between such a factor and in-group favouritism are discussed. A strength of the study was that these major results appeared to be quite robust when considered as task effects, as the salience of the manipulated context factors in the studies (in terms of reliable main or interaction effects) did not distort them.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Selart, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Reward on Self-regulation, Intrinsic Motivation and Creativity
- 2008
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research. - 0031-3831 .- 1470-1170. ; 52:5, s. 439-458
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article evaluates the effects of two types of rewards (performance-contingent versus engagement-contingent) on self-regulation, intrinsic motivation and creativity. Forty-two undergraduate students were randomly assigned to three conditions; i.e. a performance-contingent reward group, an engagement-contingent reward group and a control group. Results provide little support for the negative effects of performance rewards on motivational components. However, they do indicate that participants in the engagement-contingent reward group and the control group achieved higher rated creativity than participants in the performance-contingent reward group. Alternative explanations for this finding are discussed. Keywords: Rewards; Self-Regulation; Creativity; Intrinsic Motivation
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| 9. |
- Selart, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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Is there a pro-self component behind the prominence
- 2005
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Ingår i: International Journal of Psychology. ; , s. 429-440
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An important problem for decision-makers in society deals with the efficient and equitable allocation of scarce resources to individuals and groups. The signifi-cance of this problem is rapidly growing since there is a rising demand for scarce resources all over the world. Such resource dilemmas belong to a conceptually broader class of situations known as social dilemmas. In this type of dilemma, individual choices that appear rational often result in suboptimal group out-comes. In this article we study how people make monetary allocation decisions between the community where they live and a neighbouring community, with the aim of finding out to what extent these decisions are subject to biased over-weighting. The manuscript reports four experiments that deal with the way indi-viduals make such allocation decisions when the potential beneficiaries are such communities. The specific goal of these experiments is to gauge the amount of bias in the weights that people assign to the various beneficiaries. Taken to-gether, the results from all the four experiments suggest that making the gain of the neighbouring community prominent to a higher extent de-biases the out-comes (the prominence effect) compared to when own community gain is made prominent. Place identity is discussed as a potentially important factor in this connection. Hence, it may be argued that there seems to be some kind of a pro-self component that is able to explain a large part of the variance observed for the prominence effect. Connections between such a factor and in-group favouritism are discussed. A strength of the study was that these major results appeared to be quite robust when considered as task effects, as the salience of the manipu-lated context factors in the studies (in terms of reliable main or interaction ef-fects) did not distort them.
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| 10. |
- Selart, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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The effects of community identity on weighting in resource allocation decisions
- 2003
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Ingår i: Paper presented at The 19th subjective probability, utility, and decision making (SPUDM) conference, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In four studies, own community gain (Studies 1 and 2) and neighboring community gain (Studies 3 and 4) were manipulated in a series of resource allocation decisions. It was predicted that making own community gain (community identity) a prominent attribute would result in a biased preference for a pro-own community alternative among participants (Studies 1 and 2). It was also predicted that making neighboring community gain a prominent attribute in Studies 3 and 4 would result in a biased preference for an alternative that maximized the joint gain of the own community and the neighboring one (place identity). As predicted the results revealed that participants predominantly preferred the pro-own community alternative in Studies 1 and 2. In Studies 3 and 4, the alternative that maximized joint community gain was preferred. Making neighboring community gain prominent thus tended to result in more unbiased resource allocation preferences, since participants made more trade-offs between own and neighboring community gain
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Strömbäck, Camilla, 1989-
(författare)
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Self-Control, Financial Well-Being, and Motivated Reasoning : Essays in Behavioral Finance
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The objective of this thesis is to improve our understanding of how individual differences in intuitive and analytic decision making are associated with people’s behavior as well as their well-being. The first three essays investigate, in turn, how self-control—a typical System 2 driven ability—correlates with financial behavior, financial well-being, and affective forecasting ability. The fourth essay leverages an experimental design, in which a randomized treatment attempts to inhibit the use of System 2 processing by individuals by setting them under time pressure, while measuring how they interpret numerical information.The first essay, Does Self-Control Predict Financial Behavior and Financial Well-Being?, describes how variation in self-reported individual differences in self-control, optimism and deliberativeness predicts financial behavior and financial well-being. Data was collected by means of an online survey distributed to a representative, adult Swedish sample. Results indicate that individuals with better self-control were more likely to engage in sound financial behaviors, were less anxious about financial matters, and felt more secure in their current and future financial situation than individuals displaying lower levels of self-control.The second essay, Subjective Self-Control but Not Objective Measures of Executive Functions Predicts Financial Behavior and Well-Being, is a follow-up study of the first essay. Apart from using the same self-reported measures of self-control, optimism, and deliberativeness as essay one does, this analysis additionally includes an extensive test battery of objective performance measures of executive functions and intelligence. Findings suggest that, while self-reported self-control predicts both financial behavior and subjective financial well-being, neither of the executive functions, nor intelligence do so. This indicates that an ability to form good habits and avoid temptation is more important for sound financial behavior and financial well-being than actual inhibitory control.The third essay, Better Self-Control Does Not Imply Fewer Affective Forecasting Errors, explores whether individual-level differences in self-control can explain observed variation in affective forecasting ability. Moreover, it assesses whether participants with strong self-control are more likely to make “optimal choices” in an intertemporal choice task: i.e. choices that maximize their own expected happiness. To test this, the study leveraged a laboratory experiment with a student sample in Linköping and Stockholm. Study results uncover no evidence of self-control predicting affective forecasting ability. Equally, self-control seemingly had no effect on the probability of individuals’ choosing happiness maximizing options.The fourth essay, Motivated Reasoning, Fast and Slow, investigates whether prior beliefs may hinder individuals from interpreting information about immigration and gender quotas correctly: a process commonly referred to as motivated reasoning. In general terms, motivated reasoning can be conceptualized as an intuitive or analytic process. Testing the prevalence of this form of sense-making, we ran an online experiment where half the respondents were tasked to interpret numeric information under time constraints, and the rest without said constraints. Findings provide clear evidence of the existence of motivated reasoning with regards to issues of both immigration and gender quotas. Numeric ability seemingly reduced the probability of individuals to engage in motivated reasoning, while time pressure had no effect on said likelihood. Hence, results suggest that motivated reasoning is an intuitive, rather than an analytic process.
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| 13. |
- Sundgren, Mats, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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- 2005
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Ingår i: R &D Management. - : Wiley. - 0033-6807 .- 1467-9310. ; 35:4, s. 359-374
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A path model of organizational creativity was presented; it conceptualized the influences of information sharing, learning culture, motivation, and networking on creative climate. A structural equation model was fitted to data from the pharmaceutical industry to test the proposed model. The model accounted for 86% of the variance in the creative climate-dependent variable. Information sharing had a positive effect on learning culture, which in turn had a positive effect on creative climate, while there were negative direct effects of information sharing on creative climate and on intrinsic motivation. This study suggests that information sharing and intrinsic motivation are important drivers for organizational creativity in a complex R&D environment in the pharmaceutical industry. Implications of the model are discussed.
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| 14. |
- Sundgren, Mats, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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- 2005
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Ingår i: R and D Management. - : Wiley. - 0033-6807 .- 1467-9310. ; 35:4, s. 359-374
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A path model of organizational creativity was presented; it conceptualized the influences of information sharing, learning culture, motivation, and networking on creative climate. A structural equation model was fitted to data from the pharmaceutical industry to test the proposed model. The model accounted for 86% of the variance in the creative climate-dependent variable. Information sharing had a positive effect on learning culture, which in turn had a positive effect on creative climate, while there were negative direct effects of information sharing on creative climate and on intrinsic motivation. This study suggests that information sharing and intrinsic motivation are important drivers for organizational creativity in a complex R&D environment in the pharmaceutical industry. Implications of the model are discussed.
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