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- Almon, Ricardo, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Association of the European lactase persistence variant (LCT-13910 C > T Polymorphism) with obesity in the Canary Islands
- 2012
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - San Francisco : Public Library Science. - 1932-6203. ; 7:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: European lactose tolerance genotype (LCT -13910 C>T, rs4988234) has been positively associated to body mass indexes (BMI) in a meta-analysis of 31,720 individuals of northern and central European descent. A strong association of lactase persistence (LP) with BMI and obesity has also been traced in a Spanish Mediterranean population. The aim of this study was to analyze a potential association of LP compared to lactase non-persistence (LNP) with BMI in inhabitants of the Canary Islands of Spain using Mendelian randomization.Methods: A representative, randomly sampled population of adults belonging to the Canary Islands Nutrition Survey (ENCA) in Spain, aged 18-75 years (n = 551), was genotyped for the LCT - 13910 C>T polymorphism. Milk consumption was assessed by a validated questionnaire. Anthropometric variables were directly measured. WHO classification of BMI was used.Results: LP individuals were significantly more obese than LNP subjects (chi(2) = 10.59; p < 0.005). LP showed in a multivariate linear regression analysis showed a positive association of LP with BMI compared to LNP, (beta = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.08-1.85, p = 0.033). In a multinomial logistic regression analysis normal range weight LP subjects showed an odds ratio for obesity of 2.41; 95% CI 1.39-418, (p = 0.002) compared to LNP.Conclusions: The T-13910 of the allele LCT-13910 C>T polymorphism is positively associated with BMI. LP increases significantly the risk to develop obesity in the studied population. The LCT-13910 C>T polymorphism stands proxy for the lifetime exposure pattern, milk intake, that may increase susceptibility to obesity and to obesity related pathologies.
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| 4. |
- Almon, Ricardo, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between lactase persistence and the metabolic syndrome in a cross-sectional study in the Canary Islands
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Journal of Nutrition. - Heidelberg, Germany : Springer. - 1436-6207 .- 1436-6215. ; 49:3, s. 141-146
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) LCT -13910 C>T, associated with genetically determined phenotypes of lactase persistence (LP) or non-persistence (LNP), was studied in relation to the metabolic syndrome (MS).AIim of the study: The aim was to determine if milk intake and MS are associated. We applied Mendelian randomization (MR). The SNP, LCT -13910 C>T, with the genotypes LP (TT/CT) and LNP (CC), was taken as a proxy for milk consumption.Methods: A representative sample of adults belonging to the Canary Islands Nutrition Survey (ENCA) in Spain aged 18-75 years (n = 551) was genotyped for the LCT -13910 C>T polymorphism. We used the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria to define MS. RESULTS: 60% of the population was LP and 40% LNP. One hundred seven LP subjects (35.0%) and 53 LNP subjects (25.6%) showed MS (chi (2) = 5.04, p = 0.025). LP subjects showed a significantly higher odds ratio (OR) for MS than LNP subjects computed for the whole population: both the crude OR (1.56; 95% CI 1.06-2.31) and adjusted OR for sex, age, daily energy intake, physical activity and educational level (1.57; 95% CI 1.02-2.43). Adjusted OR for women with LP was 1.93; 95% CI 1.06-3.52.Conclusions: The T allele of the SNP might constitute a nutrigenetic factor increasing the susceptibility of LP subjects, especially women, to develop MS in the Canary Islands.
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| 6. |
- Kelly, Bridget, et al.
(författare)
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Television food advertising to children: a global perspective
- 2010
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Ingår i: American Journal of Public Health.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives. We compared television food advertising to children in several countries. Methods. We undertook a collaboration among 13 research groups in Australia, Asia, Western Europe, and North and South America. Each group recorded programming for 2 weekdays and 2 weekend days between 6:00 and 22:00, for the 3 channels most watched by children, between October 2007 and March 2008. We classified food advertisements as core (nutrient dense, low in energy), noncore (high in undesirable nutrients or energy, as defined by dietary standards), or miscellaneous. We also categorized thematic content (promotional characters and premiums). Results. Food advertisements composed 11% to 29% of advertisements. Noncore foods were featured in 53% to 87% of food advertisements, and the rate of noncore food advertising was higher during children's peak viewing times. Most food advertisements containing persuasive marketing were for noncore products. Conclusions. Across all sampled countries, children were exposed to high volumes of television advertising for unhealthy foods, featuring child-oriented persuasive techniques. Because of the proven connections between food advertising, preferences, and consumption, our findings lend support to calls for regulation of food advertising during children's peak viewing times.
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| 7. |
- Nilsson, Torbjörn K., 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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A folate receptor alpha double-mutated haplotype 1816delC-1841A is distributed throughout Eurasia and associated with lower erythrocyte folate levels
- 2012
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Ingår i: Molecular Biology Reports. - Dordrecht, Netherlands : Springer. - 0301-4851 .- 1573-4978. ; 39:4, s. 4471-4478
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Folate is crucial for various cellular functions. Several transport mechanisms allow folate to enter the intracellular compartment with folate receptor-alpha being the major high-affinity receptor. Rare genetic variations in exons of the FR-alpha gene, FOLR1, were recently shown to cause severe folate deficiency accompanied by neurological and other disturbances. So far, similar effects by genetic variation in noncoding parts of the FOLR1 gene have not been identified. The aim of our study was to determine biochemically the haplotype structure of two linked polymorphisms in the FOLR1 gene, 1816delC and 1841G > A, the prevalences of the mutated alleles across Eurasia, and their possible effects on physiological folate levels in vivo. For this purpose we employed allele-specific PCR and Pyrosequencing technology and performed genotyping in 738 subjects from Spain, 387 from Sweden, 952 from Estonia, and 47 from Korea. We demonstrate the presence of an ancient double-mutated haplotype 1816delC-1841A in the FOLR1 gene, with the prevalence of the mutated allele being highest among Koreans (q = 0.074), lower in Estonians (q = 0.017), Spaniards (q = 0.0061), and the lowest among Swedes (q = 0.0026). Erythrocyte folate levels were studied in the Spanish population sample, where subjects carrying the double-mutated FOLR1 haplotype had significantly reduced levels by 27% (P = 0.039), adjusted for serum vitamin B-12 levels and MTHFR 677C > T genotype, while the mean serum folate levels were only 20% lower among the carriers (P = 0.11). Plasma homocysteine and cobalamin levels did not differ. Thus, we have demonstrated by molecular haplotyping an ancient double-mutated haplotype 1816delC-1841A in the FOLR1 gene, spread over the whole Eurasian continent, which may be of functional importance for uptake of folate in red blood cells.
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| 8. |
- Nilsson, Torbjörn K., et al.
(författare)
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MTHFR polymorphisms and serum cobalamin affect plasma homocysteine concentrations differentially in females and males
- 2014
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Ingår i: Molecular Medicine Reports. - : Spandidos Publications. - 1791-2997 .- 1791-3004. ; 10:5, s. 2706-2712
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A total of 523 subjects (297 females and 226 males) from the Canary Islands Nutrition Study (ENCA) were studied in order to examine the effect of the MTHFR 677C>T, 1298A>C and 1793G>A polymorphisms, adjusted for age, serum (5)-folate and S-cobalamin levels, on total plasma homocysteine concentrations (tHcy). Genotyping was performed with Pyrosequencing(R) technology. The MTHFR 677T-allele was associated with increased tHcy concentrations only in males (P=0.005). The MTHFR 1298C-allele was found to be associated with higher tHcy levels but similarly, only in males (P=0.025). The MTHFR 1793A-allele was associated with decreased tHcy concentrations in the younger males (P=0.042). A haplotype-based approach was marginally superior in explaining the genetic interaction of the MTHFR polymorphisms on tHcy plasma levels (R-2 0.352 vs. 0.342 for a simple genotype-based approach). A nutrigenetic interaction between the MTHFR 677C>T genotype and S-cobalamin on tHcy levels was demonstrated in both genders. The increase in tHcy was more pronounced with decreasing S-cobalamin quintiles in 677TT homozygotes (P=0.005 for males and P=0.015 for females) than with decreasing S-folate quintiles (P for trend not significant). It was concluded that gene-nutrient interactions may differ depending on the sex and age of the subjects. The transferability of gene-nutrient interactions from one community to others may therefore be limited not only by different food patterns but also by different ages, genders and genotype distributions.
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- Yngve, Agneta, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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The Women's Health Initiative. What is on trial : nutrition and chronic disease? Or misinterpreted science, media havoc and the sound of silence from peers?
- 2006
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Ingår i: Public Health Nutrition. - 1368-9800 .- 1475-2727. ; 9:2, s. 269-272
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The first results of the Women's Health Initiative dietary intervention trial were published in the USA in February. This is a colossal intervention designed to see if diets lower in fat and higher in fruits, vegetables and grains than is usual in high-income countries reduce the incidence of breast cancer, colorectal cancer, heart disease and other chronic diseases, in women aged 50-79 years. As interpreted by US government media releases, the results were unimpressive. As interpreted by a global media blitz, the results indicate that food and nutrition has little or nothing to do with health and disease. But the trial was in key respects not reaching its aims, was methodologically controversial, and in any case has not produced the reported null results. What should the public health nutrition profession do about such messes?
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