| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Ahlm, Clas, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
-
Nephropathia epidemica (hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome) in children : clinical characteristics.
- 1994
-
Ingår i: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. - 0891-3668 .- 1532-0987. ; 13:1, s. 45-9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The clinical characteristics of serologically verified nephropathia epidemica, the Scandinavian form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, were studied in Swedish children who were < 15 years of age. In 1990 to 1992, 14 cases were prospectively followed. A retrospective survey during 1984 to 1990 disclosed another 18 cases. Among the 32 cases (20 boys, 12 girls, 3 to 15 years of age; median age, 11 years), the most common symptoms were fever (100%), headache (100%), abdominal pain (93%), vomiting (91%) and back pain (76%). Laboratory findings included elevated serum creatinine concentration (19 of 28) and thrombocytopenia (7 of 22). Urinalysis showed proteinuria (31 of 31 patients) and hematuria (24 of 30). Six children had mild hemorrhagic manifestations (epistaxis, metrorrhagia, and petechiae). No severe complications occurred. The clinical symptoms of children with nephropathia epidemica seem to be similar to those found among adult nephropathia epidemica cases.
|
|
| 4. |
- Ahlm, Clas, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
-
Prevalence of serum antibodies to hantaviruses in northern Sweden as measured by recombinant nucleocapsid proteins.
- 1997
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5548 .- 1651-1980. ; 29:4, s. 349-54
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on recombinant nucleocapsid protein (rN delta) (aa 1-117) of Hantaan, Seoul, Dobrava, Sin Nombre and Puumala hantaviruses was used to determine the prevalence of antibodies among randomized and stratified individuals from northern Sweden. In total, 137/1533 individuals (8.9%) had specific serum IgG antibodies to Puumala virus, the only hantavirus known to occur in the region. The prevalence of antibodies to Puumala virus (8.9%) was determined to be higher than previously reported (5.4%) in the same serum material, by use of immunofluorescence assay. As expected, sera reactive to Puumala virus rN delta did frequently cross-react with Sin Nombre virus protein. Unexpectedly, 21/1533 (1.4%) individuals recognized the Sin Nombre virus rN delta exclusively. Another 8 subjects showed reactivity in the ELISA to Hantaan, Seoul, or Dobrava virus-derived rN delta but not Puumala virus or Sin Nombre virus rN delta. The present demonstration in some individuals of antibodies specifically recognizing the Sin Nombre, Dobrava, Hantaan and Seoul virus protein justifies an awareness of the possibility that hantaviruses antigenically different from Puumala virus might occur in the region.
|
|
| 5. |
- Ahlm, Clas, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
-
Prevalence of serum IgG antibodies to Puumala virus (haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome) in northern Sweden.
- 1994
-
Ingår i: Epidemiology and Infection. - 0950-2688 .- 1469-4409. ; 113:1, s. 129-36
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A stratified and randomly-selected population sample was identified in 1990 in order to study the seroprevalence of nephropathia epidemica (haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome) in Northern Sweden. Sera from 1538 subjects (750 men, 788 women), 25-64 years of age, were analysed for the presence of Puumala virus (PUV) specific-IgG by the indirect immunofluorescence antibody test. Specific IgG was detected in sera from 83 subjects (5.4%). Men and women had similar seroprevalence rates. The highest seroprevalences were found in subjects 55 years or older (8.0%) and among farmers and forestry workers (15.9%). The geographic distribution of seropositive individuals was uneven and there were significantly more seropositive persons in rural than in urban areas (P < 0.05).
|
|
| 6. |
- Alexeyev, O A, et al.
(författare)
-
Elevated levels of total and Puumala virus-specific immunoglobulin E in the Scandinavian type of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.
- 1994
-
Ingår i: Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology. - 1071-412X. ; 1:3, s. 269-72
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a previous study, it was reported that the total immunoglobulin E (IgE) level was increased in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). The aim of the present study was to investigate whether specific IgE is synthesized during the course of the disease. For this purpose, an epsilon-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed. A total of 72 patients with HFRS caused by Puumala virus were studied. Three different control groups were included: 20 blood donors, 20 patients with other viral diseases (influenza A and B virus, acute Epstein-Barr virus, and acute cytomegalovirus infections), and 5 subjects with high levels of total IgE (median, 1,070 kU/liter; range, 773 to 5,740 kU/liter). The levels of total IgE were significantly higher during the acute phase of HFRS than those of blood donors (P < 0.01) and of patients with other viral diseases (P < 0.001). All patients developed a specific IgE response (median, 55 arbitrary units; range 24 to 123 arbitrary units) in the acute phase of the disease, whereas in the different control groups no specific IgE was detectable. Both total and specific IgE levels decreased during convalescence compared with those during the acute phase of HFRS (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). In conclusion, we have shown that both total and specific IgE levels are increased in patients with HFRS compared with levels in patients with other viral diseases. The possible pathogenetic role of the specific IgE response in HFRS is discussed.
|
|
| 7. |
- Alexeyev, O A, et al.
(författare)
-
Hantavirus antigen detection using human serum immunoglobulin M as the capturing antibody in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
- 1996
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. - 0002-9637 .- 1476-1645. ; 54:4, s. 367-71
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to detect different hantavirus antigens in cell culture; i.e. Puumala (PUU), Hantaan (HTN), and Dobrava (DOB) viruses. The assay was based on binding human serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies to the solid phase by use of goat anti-IgM antibodies. The captured IgM antibodies were present in the acute phase serum from two patients: one infected in Sweden and the other in Bosnia. Antigens being bound to the solid phase by the human anti-PUU and anti-DOB/HTN IgM antibodies were detected by a broadly reacting polyclonal rabbit anti PUU-recombinant nucleocapsid protein antiserum. The IgM isotype was proven to be at least five times more efficient than IgG when used as the capturing antibody. The sensitivity of the PUU antigen ELISA was approximately 0.5 ng/ml, as measured by titration with a PUU recombinant nucleoprotein antigen. Cell-associated PUU antigen in tissue culture was seen after 48 hr by the PUU-ELISA and after 96 hr by immunofluorescent assay. When tested for capacity to discriminate between PUU, DOB, and HTN viruses, significant differences were found: the Swedish serum detected PUU antigen at high titers, whereas no reactivity was found against DOB and HTN; the Bosnian serum detected both DOB and HTN at high titers but had a low reactivity to PUU. The method was also tested for its usefulness in detecting PUU antigen in bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus) lungs. Of 59 animals captured from the surroundings of patients with nephropathia epidemica, three became positive with a high activity in the PUU-ELISA, but with low reactivity in the DOB/HTN-ELISA. It is concluded that a sensitive ELISA has been developed to detect different hantaviruses in cell culture and lungs of bank voles.
|
|
| 8. |
- Linderholm, Mats, et al.
(författare)
-
A Swedish fatal case of nephropathia epidemica.
- 1991
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - 0036-5548 .- 1651-1980. ; 23:4, s. 501-2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A previously healthy 55-year-old man with nephropathia epidemica (NE) developed disseminated intravascular coagulation, anuria and shock and died on day 6 of his disease. By use of indirect immunofluorescence technique and ELISA, specific serum IgM antibodies against Puumala virus could be detected, thus confirming the clinical diagnosis. This case demonstrates that NE in Scandinavia is a potentially lethal disease.
|
|
| 9. |
- Linderholm, Mats, et al.
(författare)
-
Elevated plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, soluble TNF receptors, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10 in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.
- 1996
-
Ingår i: Journal of Infectious Diseases. - 0022-1899 .- 1537-6613. ; 173:1, s. 38-43
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plasma levels of cytokines were measured by EIA in 15 subjects hospitalized with nephropathia epidemica, a European form of hantavirus-induced hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. Concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-6 were increased in all patients at admission, and the concentration of IL-10 was increased in most. TNF-alpha concentrations were still increased 1 week after onset of disease; levels of IL-6 and IL-10 were normalized. TNF-alpha was undetectable by the WEHI cell assay in serum samples obtained throughout the acute phase of disease. Serum levels of the two soluble TNF receptors p55 and p75 correlated with levels of the cytokine, indicating that receptor binding may be the reason for lack of bioactivity in vitro. TNF-alpha is known to induce pathophysiologic and clinical changes similar to those seen in nephropathia epidemica and in diseases caused by other hantaviruses.
|
|
| 10. |
- Linderholm, Mats, et al.
(författare)
-
Local host response in the lower respiratory tract in nephropathia epidemica
- 1993
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-1980 .- 0036-5548. ; 25:5, s. 639-646
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Various lines of evidence suggest a respiratory route of transmission of nephropathia epidemica (NE). To study the response of the respiratory tract in NE, fiberoptic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed in 5 patients in the acute phase of the disease. Compared to a reference group of 15 healthy individuals, BAL fluid of NE patients contained significantly higher total numbers of cells (p < 0.05) and significantly higher numbers of lysozyme-positive macrophages (p < 0.01), CD8+ T cells (p < 0.01), and natural killer (NK) cells (p < 0.01). There was no significant difference in numbers of CD4+ T cells, B cells, or neutrophils. When blood samples of 16 patients were examined at various intervals after onset of NE, a significant decrease in the number of NK cells (p < 0.01) was found in the acute phase of the disease. The findings are compatible with the presence of a local host response in the lower respiratory tract to NE virus infection.
|
|
| 11. |
- Nived, Per, et al.
(författare)
-
Methotrexate reduces circulating Th17 cells and impairs plasmablast and memory B cell expansions following pneumococcal conjugate immunization in RA patients
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 11:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Methotrexate (MTX) impairs antibody response after pneumococcal vaccination. We aimed to investigate differences in phenotypes of circulating B and T cells after pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients on MTX (MTX group), RA without disease-modifying drugs (0DMARD), and controls (HC). MTX group (n = 11), 0DMARD (n = 12) and HC (n = 13) were studied. Blood samples were collected: before MTX, ≥ 4 weeks on stable MTX dose (prevaccination), and 7 days postvaccination (MTX group), and pre- and 7 days postvaccination (0DMARD and HC). Phenotypes of B- and T cell subsets were determined using flow cytometry. Serotype-specific IgG were quantified using multiplex bead assay, pre- and 4–6 weeks postvaccination. Concentrations of plasmablasts and switched memory B cells increased after PCV in HC (both p = 0.03) and the 0DMARD group (p = 0.01 and p = 0.02), but not in the MTX group. Postimmunization plasmablasts were lower in MTX group, compared to the 0DMARD group and HC (p = 0.002 and p < 0.001). Th17 cells decreased after MTX start (p = 0.02), and increased in HC after immunization (p = 0.01). Postimmunization plasmablasts correlated with mean antibody response ratio in all RA patients (R = 0.57, p = 0.035). Methotrexate reduced Th17 cells and blocked activation of plasmablasts and switched memory B cells following polysaccharide-protein conjugate antigen challenge in RA.
|
|
| 12. |
- Nived, Per, et al.
(författare)
-
Prime-boost vaccination strategy enhances immunogenicity compared to single pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in patients receiving conventional DMARDs, to some extent in abatacept but not in rituximab-treated patients
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Arthritis Research & Therapy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1478-6354 .- 1478-6362. ; 22:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To explore whether a prime-boost vaccination strategy, i.e., a dose of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) and a dose of 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23), enhances antibody response compared to single PCV dose in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases treated with different immunosuppressive drugs and controls. METHODS: Patients receiving rituximab (n = 30), abatacept (n = 23), monotherapy with conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (cDMARDs, methotrexate/azathioprine/mycophenolate mofetil, n = 27), and controls (n = 28) were immunized with a dose PCV followed by PPV23 after ≥ 8 weeks. Specific antibodies to 12 serotypes included in both vaccines were determined using a multiplex microsphere immunoassay in blood samples before and 4-8 weeks after each vaccination. Positive antibody response was defined as ≥ 2-fold increase from pre- to postvaccination serotype-specific IgG concentration and putative protective level as IgG ≥ 1.3 μg/mL. The number of serotypes with positive antibody response and IgG ≥ 1.3 μg/mL, respectively, after PCV and PCV + PPV23 were compared within each treatment group and to controls. Opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) assay was performed for serotypes 6B and 23F. RESULTS: Compared to single-dose PCV, prime-boost vaccination increased the number of serotypes with positive antibody response in patients with abatacept, cDMARDs, and controls (p = 0.02, p = 0.01, and p = 0.01), but not in patients on rituximab. After PCV + PPV23, the number of serotypes with positive antibody response was significantly lower in all treatment groups compared to controls but lowest in rituximab, followed by the abatacept and cDMARD group (p < 0.001). Compared to PCV alone, the number of serotypes with putative protective levels after PCV + PPV23 increased significantly only in patients in cDMARDs (p = 0.03) and controls (p = 0.001). Rituximab treatment was associated with large reduction (coefficient - 8.6, p < 0.001) and abatacept or cDMARD with moderate reductions (coefficients - 1.9 and - 1.8, p = 0.005, and p < 0.001) in the number of serotypes with positive antibody response to PCV + PPV23 (multivariate linear regression model). OPA was reduced in rituximab (Pn6B and Pn23F, p < 0.001), abatacept (Pn23F, p = 0.02), and cDMARD groups (Pn6B, p = 0.02) compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS: Prime-boost strategy enhances immunogenicity compared to single pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases receiving cDMARDs, to some extent in abatacept but not in patients on rituximab. Pneumococcal vaccination should be encouraged before the initiation of treatment with rituximab. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03762824. Registered on 4 December 2018, retrospectively registered.
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
- Settergren, Bo, et al.
(författare)
-
Pathogenetic and clinical aspects of the renal involvement in hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.
- 1997
-
Ingår i: Renal failure. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0886-022X .- 1525-6049. ; 19:1, s. 1-14
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome is the most common clinical manifestation of hantavirus infection. The main target organ is the kidney, resulting in an interstitial hemorrhagic nephritis and sometimes acute tubular necrosis. The pathogenesis is still largely unknown, but several recent studies indicate an important role for immune mechanisms including increased expression of cytokines, for example, tumor necrosis factor. Immunohistochemical studies of kidney biopsies have revealed deposits of IgG, IgM, and C3, but deposits were significantly less numerous than in chronic immune complex disease. Since hantaviruses are not cytolytic, a direct detrimental effect of the infecting virus is less likely. The long-term prognosis of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome seems to be favorable, but there are reports that previous hantavirus infection is associated with an increased risk of hypertensive renal disease. Prospective longitudinal studies addressing this issue are underway.
|
|
| 16. |
- Waldeck, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
-
Surveillance of tick-borne encephalitis in emerging risk areas in southern Sweden : a retrospective case finding study
- 2023
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0934-9723 .- 1435-4373. ; 42:1, s. 13-22
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is an emerging infection causing CNS infection of various severity. Good knowledge of the incidence in the population and defined risk areas is important in risk communication and vaccination recommendations. The aim of this study was to investigate potential underreporting by retrospectively diagnose TBE among patients with viral CNS infections of unknown etiology in a region with emerging risk areas for TBE, and define variables associated with performed TBE serology at the time of infection. Epidemiological data and microbiological diagnostics of cases with viral CNS infection of unknown etiology treated at departments of infectious diseases and pediatrics in Skåne County during 2000–2012 were investigated. Analyses to evaluate variables associated with performed TBE serology at the time of infection were performed. Retrospective TBE serology was performed on stored blood samples when available. TBE serology was already performed at the time of CNS infection in 193 out of 761 cases. Department, type of clinical manifestation, time period of illness, and whether Borrelia serology had been performed were independent variables associated with having had TBE serology performed or not at the time of illness. Only one of 137 cases, where samples could be retrospectively analyzed for TBE, turned out positive. This study shows a low frequency of TBE sampling among patients with meningoencephalitis in a region with emerging risk for TBE. A higher awareness of TBE as differential diagnosis could contribute to earlier detection of new risk areas and adequate preventive advice to the public.
|
|
| 17. |
- Westling, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
-
Bartonella henselae antibodies after cat bite
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Emerging Infectious Diseases. - : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). - 1080-6040 .- 1080-6059. ; 14:12, s. 1943-1944
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 18. |
- Wiström, Johan, 1949-, et al.
(författare)
-
Booster vaccination with recombinant hepatitis B vaccine four years after priming with one single dose
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Vaccine. - 0264-410X .- 1873-2518. ; 17:17, s. 2162-2165
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We here studied the antibody response to a booster dose four years after the administration of one single dose of recombinant HB vaccine. Before receiving the booster dose, levels of protective antibodies (anti-HBs) were generally low and 24/41 (59%) individuals lacked detectable antibodies (< 1 IU/L). Within 14 d of booster vaccination, 36/38 (95%) vaccinees showed levels of antibodies > 100 IU/L. Notably, these levels were at least as high as those of a reference group 12 months after initiation of vaccination according to the standard three-dose vaccination at intervals of 0, 1 and 6 months. In conclusion, one single dose of HB vaccine seemed to confer on young healthy individuals a well preserved B cell memory, disclosed as a rapid and strong antibody response to a second dose four years later.
|
|
