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- Isomura, Kayoko, et al.
(författare)
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Insomnia in Tourette Syndrome and Chronic Tic Disorder
- 2022
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Ingår i: Movement Disorders. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0885-3185 .- 1531-8257. ; 37:2, s. 392-400
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Insomnia is common in Tourette syndrome (TS) and chronic tic disorder (CTD), but precise prevalence estimates are lacking.OBJECTIVE: In this Swedish register-based cohort study, we estimated the prevalence of insomnia in TS/CTD and quantified the magnitude of this association, accounting for familial confounders and relevant somatic and psychiatric comorbidities.METHODS: Of 10,444,702 individuals living in Sweden during the period from 1997 to 2013, 5877 had a diagnosis of TS/CTD and were compared to unexposed individuals from the general population on the presence of insomnia using logistic regression models.RESULTS: Individuals with TS/CTD had a period prevalence of insomnia of 32.16%, compared to 13.70% of the unexposed population. This translated into a 6.7-fold increased likelihood of insomnia in TS/CTD (odds ratio adjusted [aOR] for sex, birth year, birth country, and somatic disorders = 6.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.37-7.15). A full sibling comparison, designed to adjust for shared familial factors, attenuated the estimates (aOR = 5.41; 95% CI, 4.65-6.30). When individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and pervasive developmental disorders were excluded, the association was also attenuated, whereas exclusion of other psychiatric comorbidities had minimal impact. Having persistent TS/CTD, comorbid ADHD, and taking ADHD medication greatly increased the likelihood of insomnia.CONCLUSIONS: Insomnia is significantly associated with TS/CTD, independently from somatic disorders, familial factors or psychiatric comorbidities, although familial factors, neurodevelopmental comorbidities, and ADHD/ADHD medication may explain part of the association. Insomnia should be routinely assessed and managed in TS/CTD, particularly in chronic patients and in those with comorbid ADHD. Other sleep disorders require further study. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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| 2. |
- Sevilla-Cermeño, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Insomnia in obsessive-compulsive disorder : A Swedish population-based cohort study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Affective Disorders. - : Elsevier. - 0165-0327 .- 1573-2517. ; 266, s. 413-416
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The association between specific psychiatric disorders and insomnia is well established, but the prevalence of insomnia in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is unknown. This population-based study examined the prevalence of insomnia in patients with OCD compared to unaffected individuals from the general population and to their unaffected full siblings, and evaluated the contribution of psychiatric comorbidities to this association.METHODS: Individuals diagnosed with OCD (31,856) were identified from a cohort of 13,017,902 individuals living in Sweden anytime during 1973 and 2013. Logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the odds of insomnia in individuals with OCD, compared to the general population and their unaffected full siblings. Sensitivity analyses were performed in subgroups from which all individuals with comorbid psychiatric conditions were excluded, one at a time.RESULTS: Individuals with OCD had almost 7-fold increased odds of receiving an insomnia diagnosis or being dispensed a drug with specific indication for insomnia, compared to unaffected individuals from the general population (42.2% vs. 11.0%, respectively; OR=6.92 [95% CI, 6.76-7.08]). Familiar factors shared with siblings and comorbid conditions did not fully explain this association, but when individuals with comorbid depression and anxiety disorders were excluded, the odds of insomnia were significantly reduced (OR=4.97 [95% CI, 4.81-5.14] and OR=4.51 [95% CI, 4.33-4.69], respectively).LIMITATIONS: Due to the intrinsic coverage issues of the registers, results may not be generalizable to milder forms of the disorder and to individuals who do not seek help.CONCLUSIONS: Insomnia should be systematically evaluated and managed in individuals with OCD, particularly in those with comorbid anxiety and depression.
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| 3. |
- Vilaplana-Pérez, Alba, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Educational Achievement in Sweden.
- 2020
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Ingår i: JAMA Network Open. - : American Medical Association. - 2574-3805. ; 3:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Importance: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been associated with impaired educational performance. Previous studies on the disorder could not control for important measured and unmeasured confounders.Objective: To prospectively investigate the association between PTSD and objective indicators of educational attainment across the life span, controlling for familial factors shared by full siblings, psychiatric comorbidity, and general cognitive ability.Design, Setting, and Participants: This population-based cohort study included 2 244 193 individuals born in Sweden between January 1, 1973, and December 31, 1997, who were followed-up until December 31, 2013. Clusters of full siblings were used to account for familial factors. Data analyses were conducted between December 2018 and May 2020.Exposure: International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision and International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision diagnoses of PTSD in the Swedish National Patient Register.Main Outcomes and Measures: Eligibility to access upper secondary education after finishing compulsory education, finishing upper secondary education, starting a university degree, and finishing a university degree.Results: Of the final cohort of 2 244 193 individuals (1 151 414 [51.3%] men) included in the analysis, 1 425 326 were assessed for finishing compulsory education (919 with PTSD), 2 001 944 for finishing upper secondary education (2013 with PTSD), and 1 796 407 and 1 356 741 for starting and finishing a university degree (2243 and 2254 with PTSD, respectively). Posttraumatic stress disorder was associated with lower odds of achieving each of the educational milestones during the study period, including 82% lower odds of finishing compulsory education (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.18; 95% CI, 0.15-0.20), 87% lower odds of finishing upper secondary education (aOR, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.12-0.14), 68% lower odds of starting a university degree (aOR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.28-0.35), and 73% lower odds of finishing a university degree (aOR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.23-0.31). Estimates in the sibling comparison were attenuated (aOR range, 0.22-0.53) but remained statistically significant. Overall, excluding psychiatric comorbidities and adjusting for the successful completion of the previous milestone and general cognitive ability did not statistically significantly alter the magnitude of the associations.Conclusions and Relevance: Posttraumatic stress disorder was associated with educational impairment across the life span, and the associations were not entirely explained by shared familial factors, psychiatric comorbidity, or general cognitive ability. This finding highlights the importance of implementing early trauma-informed interventions in schools and universities to minimize the long-term socioeconomic consequences of academic failure in individuals with PTSD.
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| 4. |
- Zhang, Tianyang, et al.
(författare)
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Association of Cesarean Delivery With Risk of Neurodevelopmental and Psychiatric Disorders in the Offspring : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
- 2019
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Ingår i: JAMA Network Open. - : American Medical Association. - 2574-3805. ; 2:8
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Importance: Birth by cesarean delivery is increasing globally, particularly cesarean deliveries without medical indication. Children born via cesarean delivery may have an increased risk of negative health outcomes, but the evidence for psychiatric disorders is incomplete.Objective: To evaluate the association between cesarean delivery and risk of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders in the offspring.Data Sources: Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and PsycINFO were searched from inception to December 19, 2018. Search terms included all main mental disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition).Study Selection: Two researchers independently selected observational studies that examined the association between cesarean delivery and neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders in the offspring.Data Extraction and Synthesis: Two researchers independently extracted data according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) reporting guidelines and assessed study quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Random-effects meta-analyses were used to pool odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs for each outcome. Sensitivity and influence analyses tested the robustness of the results.Main Outcomes and Measures: The ORs for the offspring with any neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder who were born via cesarean delivery compared with those were born via vaginal delivery.Results: A total of 6953 articles were identified, of which 61 studies comprising 67 independent samples were included, totaling 20 607 935 deliveries. Compared with offspring born by vaginal delivery, offspring born via cesarean delivery had increased odds of autism spectrum disorders (OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.25-1.41; I2 = 69.5%) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.07-1.26; I2 = 79.2%). Estimates were less precise for intellectual disabilities (OR, 1.83; 95% CI, 0.90-3.70; I2 = 88.2%), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 0.87-2.56; I2 = 67.3%), tic disorders (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 0.98-1.76; I2 = 75.6%), and eating disorders (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.96-1.47; I2 = 92.7%). No significant associations were found with depression/affective psychoses or nonaffective psychoses. Estimates were comparable for emergency and elective cesarean delivery. Study quality was high for 82% of the cohort studies and 50% of the case-control studies.Conclusions and Relevance: The findings suggest that cesarean delivery births are associated with an increased risk of autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, irrespective of cesarean delivery modality, compared with vaginal delivery. Future studies on the mechanisms behind these associations appear to be warranted.
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