| 1. |
- Shalepo, Kira, et al.
(författare)
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Diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis in Russia--in-house PCR assays may be effective but overall optimization and quality assurance are urgently needed
- 2006
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Ingår i: Acta Pathologica, Microbiologica et Immunologica Scandinavica (APMIS). - : Wiley. - 0903-4641 .- 1600-0463. ; 114:7-8, s. 500-507
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present study, the performance of the cell culture method, two non-Russian direct immunofluorescence (DIF) assays, and three different in-house polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests used in St. Petersburg, Russia, for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in urogenital specimens was evaluated. A total of 650 patients were examined and it was most disquieting that previous C. trachomatis positivity with Russian DIF assays could - 7 days later - be confirmed only in 26% of the women and 30% of the men. Overall, the highest diagnostic sensitivity was obtained using PCR analysis. However, the sensitivity varied significantly: from 79% to 100% between the different PCR assays, sex of the patients, and type of samples. The highest sensitivity was obtained for female vaginal and male urine samples (100%). The specificity of the PCR assays varied from 97% to 100%. The sensitivity of cell culture and both the examined DIF assays was low, i.e. it varied from 46% to 56% and 55% to 75%, respectively. Meanwhile, cell culture was 100% specific and the DIFs showed a specificity varying from 99% to 100%. In conclusion, in a Russian perspective, adequate in-house PCR methods may be used quite effectively for detection of C. trachomatis in invasive as well as non-invasive clinical material. Simultaneous analysis of two different specimens from women resulted in a significantly increased detection rate of C. trachomatis. Nevertheless, in Russia the need for optimization and quality assurance of diagnostic methods for C. trachomatis, especially Russian DIF assays, has to be emphasized.
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| 2. |
- Shipitsyna, Elena, et al.
(författare)
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Bacterial vaginosis-associated vaginal microbiota is an age-independent risk factor for Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium and Trichomonas vaginalis infections in low-risk women, St. Petersburg, Russia
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. - : Springer. - 0934-9723 .- 1435-4373. ; 39:7, s. 1221-1230
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The large majority of studies investigating associations between bacterial vaginosis (BV) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have been conducted among predominantly young women with high risk for STIs. Since a risky sexual behavior is a significant risk factor for both STIs and BV, this creates a bias toward an increased association between BV and STIs. This study evaluated associations between BV-associated vaginal microbiota and STIs (Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae) in a population of women with low risk for STIs and investigated STI outcomes depending on the dominating Lactobacillus species. Repository cervicovaginal samples collected from reproductive-age women from January 2014 to February 2019 were characterized for vaginal microbiota types and the STIs using multiplex real-time PCR assays. In total, 95 STI-positive and 91 STI-negative samples were included. A significant, age-independent association between BV-associated vaginal microbiota and the presence of C. trachomatis, M. genitalium, and T. vaginalis infections was identified (age-adjusted odds ratios 2.92 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.24-7.03], 2.88 [95% CI 1.19-7.16], and 9.75 × 107 [95% CI 13.03-∞], respectively). Normal vaginal microbiota dominated by Lactobacillus crispatus, L. gasseri, or L. jensenii was a strong protective factor against C. trachomatis and/or M. genitalium infections, whereas L. iners-dominated microbiota was not significantly associated with C. trachomatis and/or M. genitalium positivity. The results of the present study confirm that STI prevention strategies should include interventions that also reduce the incidence of BV and promote a protective vaginal microbiota in both high- and low-risk women.
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| 3. |
- Shipitsyna, Elena, et al.
(författare)
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Performance of the first commercial dual resistance assay, AmpliSens Mycoplasma genitalium-ML/FQ-Resist-FL, for detection of potential macrolide and quinolone resistance-associated mutations and prevalence of M. genitalium resistance mutations in St. Petersburg, Russia
- 2023
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Ingår i: Sexually Transmitted Infections. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 1368-4973 .- 1472-3263. ; 99:3, s. 191-194
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Antimicrobial resistance in Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) is a poorly surveyed and controlled global health concern. We evaluated the first commercial dual resistance assay, AmpliSens M. genitalium-ML/FQ-Resist-FL assay, for detection of potential macrolide and quinolone resistance-associated mutations (MRAMs and QRAMs, respectively) and estimated the prevalence of these mutations in MG in St. Petersburg, Russia.METHODS: Urogenital samples positive (n=145 from 2007 to 2020) and negative (n=56 from 2021) for MG in routine diagnostics were retrospectively analysed using the AmpliSens M. genitalium-ML/FQ-Resist-FL assay (Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Moscow, Russia) and Sanger sequencing for validation.RESULTS: The AmpliSens M. genitalium-ML/FQ-Resist-FL assay detected potential MRAMs and QRAMs with sensitivities of 100% (CI95% 83.9 to 100) and 92.3% (CI95% 66.7 to 99.6) and specificities of 99.2% (CI95% 95.6 to 100) and 100% (CI95% 97.2 to 100), respectively, in clinical specimens with ≥1000 MG geq/mL. In total, MRAMs were detected in 13.8% (CI95% 9.1 to 20.3) of samples, with 23S rRNA A2058G being the most prevalent mutation (45.0% (CI95% 25.8 to 65.8)). QRAMs were found in 9.0% (CI95% 5.3 to 14.7) of samples, with S83I the most frequent mutation (53.8% (CI95% 29.1 to 76.8)). Dual resistance was observed in 5.5% (CI95% 2.8 to 10.5) of samples. Potential MRAM and dual resistance rates significantly increased over time: from 0% in 2007-2008 to 25% (p trend =0.0009) and 10% (p trend =0.0447), respectively, in 2018-2020. QRAM rate appeared to increase (from 0% to 13%), but significance was not reached (p trend =0.0605).CONCLUSIONS: The rapid increase in MG antimicrobial resistance in St. Petersburg, especially prominent for MRAMs, necessitates implementation of macrolide resistance-guided therapy in Russia. The first commercial dual resistance assay, AmpliSens M. genitalium-ML/FQ-Resist-FL assay, was sensitive and specific for detection of potential MRAMs and QRAMs and could be valuable in macrolide resistance-guided therapies and possibly for surveillance of QRAMs. International surveillance of antimicrobial resistance-associated mutations in MG, further research into clinical relevance of several parC mutations and novel treatments are essential.
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| 4. |
- Shipitsyna, Elena, et al.
(författare)
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Pooling samples : the key to sensitive, specific and cost-effective genetic diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis in low-resource countries
- 2007
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Ingår i: Acta Dermato-Venereologica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 0001-5555 .- 1651-2057. ; 87:2, s. 140-143
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aims of this study were to compare the performance characteristics and cost-effectiveness of pooling endocervical samples for screening and diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis, and to investigate the prevalence of C. trachomatis infection in women in Leningrad Oblast, Russia. A total of 1500 endocervical samples were tested individually and when pooled in groups of 5 and 10 samples, respectively. A previously evaluated in-house diagnostic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was utilized. The sensitivity and specificity of the PCR were not affected by either pooling strategy. The estimated prevalence of genital C. trachomatis infection was 6.6%, 6.1% and 6.0% based on individually tested samples, and pools of 5 and 10, respectively. For diagnosis of individual samples, the pooling strategies resulted in cost savings of 53.3% (5 samples per pool) and 44.0% (10 samples per pool). Pooling samples for PCR detection of C. trachomatis is an accurate and cost-saving approach for diagnosis and large-scale prevalence studies in St Petersburg, Russia.
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| 5. |
- Shipitsyna, Elena, et al.
(författare)
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Quantitation of all Four Gardnerella vaginalis Clades Detects Abnormal Vaginal Microbiota Characteristic of Bacterial Vaginosis More Accurately than Putative G. vaginalis Sialidase A Gene Count
- 2019
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Ingår i: Molecular Diagnosis & Therapy. - : Adis International Ltd.. - 1177-1062 .- 1179-2000. ; 23:1, s. 139-147
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a vaginal disorder characterized by a depletion of the normal lactobacillus-dominant microbiota and overgrowth of mainly anaerobic bacteria.Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the distribution and abundance of the Gardnerella vaginalis clades and sialidase A gene in vaginal samples from Russian women, and investigate if the G. vaginalis sialidase A gene count detects an abnormal vaginal microbiota characteristic of BV more accurately than G. vaginalis load.Methods: Vaginal samples from 299 non-pregnant patients of gynecological clinics were examined using Nugent scores and G. vaginalis clade and sialidase A gene quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions (PCRs). Discriminatory power for BV microbiota was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.Results: The vaginal microbiota was characterized by Nugent scores as normal, intermediate, and BV microbiota in 162, 58, and 79 women, respectively. G. vaginalis clades 1, 2, 3, 4, and the sialidase A gene were detected in 56% (51-62%), 40% (34-45%), 20% (16-25%), 94% (91-96%), and 70% (64-75%) of vaginal samples, respectively. The frequency and abundance of clades 1, 2, 4, and the sialidase A gene as well as clade multiplicity were significantly associated with abnormal microbiota. The sialidase A gene was present in all multi-clade samples, in all single-clade samples comprising clades 1, 2, and 3, and in four of 84 (5% [2-12%]) samples comprising clade 4 only. Total G. vaginalis load showed significantly higher discriminatory power for abnormal microbiota than sialidase A gene count (areas under ROC curves 0.933 vs. 0.881; p = 0.0306).Conclusions: Quantifying all four G. vaginalis clades discriminates between BV microbiota and normal microbiota more accurately than measuring G. vaginalis sialidase A gene. Clade 4 is strongly associated with BV microbiota, despite most clade 4 strains lacking the sialidase A gene.
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