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- Fu, Jianjie, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of e-waste dismantling and its regulations : temporal trend, spatial distribution of heavy metals in rice grains, and its potential health risk
- 2013
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 47:13, s. 7437-7445
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Enhanced regulations, centralized dismantling processes, and sophisticated recycling technologies have been implemented in some e-waste dismantling areas in China with regard to environmental and economic aspects since 2005. In this study, rice grain samples were collected from 2006 to 2010 in an e-waste dismantling area to investigate the temporal trends and spatial distribution of As, Cd, Cu, and Pb. Geometric means of As, Cd, Cu, and Pb in rice samples from the e-waste dismantling area were 111, 217, 4676, and 237 ng g(-1), respectively. Levels of Pb showed a significant decreasing trend during the sampling period, whereas the other three elements remained relatively constant or even increased. Concentrations of Cd, Cu, and Pb in the e-waste dismantling area were significantly higher than those in the non-e-waste dismantling area (p < 0.05), which showed a close connection between e-waste dismantling activities and elevated Pb, Cu, and Cd contents. Risk assessment for human via rice consumption indicated that over 60% of the hazard quotient of Cd exceeded 1 in the e-waste dismantling area. Our study implied that stricter implementation of regulatory measures might lead to positive effects in controlling the release of some heavy metals to the environment. However, environmental behaviors differed with geochemical characteristics of individual elements. Further remediation actions to reduce heavy metal pollution to the surrounding environment might still be needed.
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| 2. |
- Liu, Runzeng, et al.
(författare)
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Trace analysis of mono-, di-, tri-substituted polyfluoroalkyl phosphates and perfluorinated phosphonic acids in sewage sludge by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
- 2013
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Ingår i: Talanta. - : Elsevier. - 0039-9140 .- 1873-3573. ; 111, s. 170-177
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new method using ultrasonic extraction and solid phase extraction (SPE) clean-up pretreatments was developed for the analysis of mono-, di- and tri-substituted polyfluoroalkyl phosphates (abbreviated as mono-PAPs, di-PAPs and tri-PAPs) and perfluorinated phosphonic acids (PFPAs) in sludge from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). For the ultrasonic extraction of three mono-PAPs, three di-PAPs and three PFPAs in sludge samples, a mixture of tetrahydrofuran/acetic acid (1:1, v/v) was found to be the most suitable extraction solvent. The subsequently optimized clean-up and enrichment procedures were carried out with weak anion exchange (WAX) cartridges in-line coupled with graphitized carbon black (ENVI-Carb) tubes. Two tri-PAPs were ultrasonically extracted by acetonitrile/tetrahydrofuran (1:1, v/v) and cleaned by mixed-mode anion exchange (MAX) in-line coupled with ENVI-Carb cartridges. The analytes were analyzed by optimized high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method either in negative or positive ionization mode. The method quantification limits (MQLs) of the 11 analytes in sludge ranged from 0.6 to 5.1 ng/g, meanwhile the total recoveries of the pretreatment varied from 24% (6:2 mono-PAP) to 107% (PFDPA). The method was successfully applied to analyze 16 sewage sludge samples collected from seven provinces in China, and two mono-PAPs were identified with concentrations ranging from
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