| 1. |
- Ghazy, Ramy Mohamed, et al.
(author)
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Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Doses Using the Health Belief Model : A Cross-Sectional Study in Low-Middle- and High-Income Countries of the East Mediterranean Region
- 2022
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In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 19:19
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) booster doses decrease infection transmission and disease severity. This study aimed to assess the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine booster doses in low, middle, and high-income countries of the East Mediterranean Region (EMR) and its determinants using the health belief model (HBM). In addition, we aimed to identify the causes of booster dose rejection and the main source of information about vaccination. Using the snowball and convince sampling technique, a bilingual, self-administered, anonymous questionnaire was used to collect the data from 14 EMR countries through different social media platforms. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the key determinants that predict vaccination acceptance among respondents. Overall, 2327 participants responded to the questionnaire. In total, 1468 received compulsory doses of vaccination. Of them, 739 (50.3%) received booster doses and 387 (26.4%) were willing to get the COVID-19 vaccine booster doses. Vaccine booster dose acceptance rates in low, middle, and high-income countries were 73.4%, 67.9%, and 83.0%, respectively (p < 0.001). Participants who reported reliance on information about the COVID-19 vaccination from the Ministry of Health websites were more willing to accept booster doses (79.3% vs. 66.6%, p < 0.001). The leading causes behind booster dose rejection were the beliefs that booster doses have no benefit (48.35%) and have severe side effects (25.6%). Determinants of booster dose acceptance were age (odds ratio (OR) = 1.02, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01–1.03, p = 0.002), information provided by the Ministry of Health (OR = 3.40, 95% CI: 1.79–6.49, p = 0.015), perceived susceptibility to COVID-19 infection (OR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.21–2.93, p = 0.005), perceived severity of COVID-19 (OR = 2.08, 95% CI: 137–3.16, p = 0.001), and perceived risk of side effects (OR = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.19–0.34, p < 0.001). Booster dose acceptance in EMR is relatively high. Interventions based on HBM may provide useful directions for policymakers to enhance the population’s acceptance of booster vaccination.
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| 2. |
- Thomas, HS, et al.
(author)
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- 2019
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al.
(author)
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Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
- 2016
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In: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
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| 5. |
- Andersen, Kim, et al.
(author)
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Alternative News Orientation and Trust in Mainstream Media: A Longitudinal Audience Perspective
- 2023
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In: Digital Journalism. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2167-0811 .- 2167-082X. ; 11:5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The emergence of online alternative news sites has enabled people to easily access viewpoints corresponding to their social and political identities and challenging mainstream media coverage. Taking an audience perspective and relying on a large four-wave panel survey from Sweden, this study examines orientation towards alternative news, paying specific attention to the potential reinforcing relationship with trust in mainstream media. Results show that increasing orientation towards alternative news is related to decreasing trust in mainstream media, and vice versa. In addition, the study highlights how alternative news orientation supplements rather than replaces consumption of traditional news. These findings provide valuable insights on the alternative news users and the dynamics of their media consumption, informing the debate on the role played by alternative news media in society.
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| 6. |
- Andersen, Kim, et al.
(author)
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Maintenance and Reformation of News Repertoires: A Latent Transition Analysis
- 2022
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In: Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly. - : SAGE Publications. - 1077-6990 .- 2161-430X. ; 99:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Today’s media environment provides people ample opportunities for constructing news habits fitting their preferences, but our knowledge about the dynamics of such news habits is limited. Using a four-wave panel survey from Sweden and taking a news repertoires approach, the study identifies four groups of news users labeled Public service-oriented traditionalists, Minimalists, Engaged pluralists, and Quality-oriented explorers, which are each related to news interest, trust in mainstream news media, and socio-demographic factors in distinct ways. The news repertoires are highly stable, even during profound contextual change, showing that people most often maintain their news habits and only seldom reform them.
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| 7. |
- Andersen, Kim, et al.
(author)
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Selective news avoidance: consistency and temporality
- 2024
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In: Communication Research. - 0093-6502.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Can news avoidance be considered a stable personal “trait,” adhering to a specific group of consistent news avoiders, or is it rather a volatile “state” reflecting temporal variations in audience practices? Based on a five-wave panel survey collected in Sweden during the coronavirus pandemic, we show that selective avoidance of news about the pandemic varies both between persons, representing consistency, and within persons, representing temporality. Drawing on the information utility model, we additionally show that both dimensions are related to audience preferences, specifically news interest, news media trust, and societal concerns. These results illustrate that the practice of selective news avoidance is not restricted to a specific group of people with limited news use but also represents a more fluid audience behavior of adjusting news consumption patterns in response to individual and contextual changes. However, as the correlates of the two dimensions are similar, the results stress the polarizing potential of news avoidance in democracy.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Andersen, Kim, et al.
(author)
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The scary world syndrome: News orientations, negativity bias, and the cultivation of anxiety
- 2024
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In: Mass Communication & Society. - 1520-5436.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Negativity bias is one of the most salient features of news reporting. According to cultivation theory, this bias can foster anxiety about societal issues among news audiences. The relationship is, however, likely to depend on the audience’s news orientations and the issue under consideration. Drawing on a content analysis of mainstream and alternative news media and a three-wave panel survey, both conducted in Sweden, we examine how general and alternative news orientations relate to egotropic anxiety (worry about being personally affected or harmed) about violent crimes and climate change. The results show that while alternative news media portray violent crimes more negatively than mainstream news media, the opposite is true for climate change, which mainstream news media portray more negatively than alternative news media. Consistent with this finding, alternative news orientation is related to higher levels of anxiety about violent crimes, while general news orientation is related to higher levels of anxiety about climate change, illustrating how people seek information that concur with and thereby maintain or reinforce their beliefs. These results have consequences both for cultivation theory and for our understanding of the role played by mainstream and alternative news media in society.
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| 10. |
- Boulianne, S., et al.
(author)
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Age Differences in Online News Consumption and Online Political Expression in the United States, United Kingdom, and France
- 2022
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In: International Journal of Press/Politics. - : SAGE Publications. - 1940-1612 .- 1940-1620. ; 27:3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Younger and older generations are differently motivated in relation to news consumption and online political expression. In this paper, we suggest that different modes of citizenship characterize younger and older generations. To test the differential role of political interest in news consumption and online political expression, we use a survey of 3,210 people from the United States, 3,043 from the United Kingdom, and 3,031 from France. Our findings suggest that young citizens are more frequent users of online news overall and that the rank order of different news activities replicates cross-nationally. The frequency of online political expression is negatively related to age, with older people less likely to post online. Age moderates the relationship between political interest and news consumption as well as news consumption and online political expression. The correlations of these sets of variables are stronger for younger respondents compared to older respondents. These findings hold across the three countries under study. We explain these patterns in terms of changing citizenship norms and discuss the implications for democracy. © The Author(s) 2021.
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| 11. |
- Cöster, Angelica, 1993, et al.
(author)
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From Cultivation to Self-Cultivation: Alternative Media and Reinforcing Spirals in a Fragmented Media Environment
- 2024
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In: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION. - 1932-8036. ; 18, s. 1382-1404
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Media environments have changed rapidly since cultivation theory was proposed in the 1960s. This study analyzes whether growing opportunities for media choice reinforce and polarize public perceptions of crime development. This is done by synthesizing cultivation theory with the reinforcing spirals model. The study relies on a combination of a quantitative media content analysis (N = 904) and a three-wave panel survey (N = 1,508) conducted in Sweden. The findings suggest that there are significant differences between violent crimes news content in alternative media and traditional media and that there are reinforcing effects between alternative news orientation and crime perceptions but not between traditional news media use and crime perceptions. We propose self-cultivation as a new concept that can be used to understand cultivation processes in today's high-choice media environment.
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| 12. |
- Dahlgren, Peter, 1983, et al.
(author)
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Reinforcing spirals at work? Mutual influences between selective news exposure and ideological leaning
- 2019
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In: European Journal of Communication. - : SAGE Publications. - 0267-3231 .- 1460-3705. ; 34:2, s. 159-174
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The growth of partisan news sources has raised concerns that people will increasingly select attitude-consistent information, which might lead to increasing political polarization. Thus far, there is limited research on the long-term mutual influences between selective exposure and political attitudes. To remedy this, this study investigates the reciprocal influences between selective exposure and political attitudes over several years, using a three-wave panel survey conducted in Sweden during 2014–2016. More specifically, we analyse how ideological selective exposure to both traditional and online news media influences citizens’ ideological leaning. Findings suggest that (1) people seek-out ideologically consistent print news and online news and (2) such attitude-consistent news exposure reinforces citizens’ ideological leaning over time. In practice, however, such reinforcement effects are hampered by (3) relatively low overall ideological selective exposure and a (4) significant degree of cross-cutting news exposure online. These findings are discussed in light of selective exposure theory and the reinforcing spirals model.
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| 13. |
- Dahlgren, Peter, 1983, et al.
(author)
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Selective online exposure and political polarization during Swedish election campaigns: a longitudinal analysis using four waves of panel data
- 2016
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In: 6th ECREA European Communication Conference, Prague.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Internet has made it possible for individuals to increasingly select political news that match their political attitudes. This selective exposure also has the potential to mutually reinforce existing attitudes. However, very little is known about the long-term consequences, especially during election periods. We draw upon the reinforcing spirals model to study the mutual reinforcements between selective exposure and political ideology, by using a four-wave panel during five months with a representative random sample (n=2,281) from Sweden during the 2014 European parliamentary election and Swedish national election. Results suggests that individuals are not becoming more extreme in their political ideology during the election period, regardless of whether they are exposed to attitude-consistent or attitude-inconsistent news content.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Dimnitrova, Daniela, et al.
(author)
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The Effects of Digital Media on Political Knowledge and Participation in Election Campaigns : Evidence from Panel Data
- 2014
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In: Communication Research. - : SAGE Publications. - 0093-6502 .- 1552-3810. ; 41:1, s. 95-118
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- While the majority of previous research suggests there are positive relationships between digital media use and political participation and knowledge, most studies have relied on cross-sectional surveys and have thus not been able to firmly establish the chain of causality. Also, there is little research investigating use of different forms of digital media and their relative effects on political participation and knowledge. This study examines (a) the effects of digital media use on political participation and knowledge and (b) whether different forms of digital media use affect people differently. Drawing on two representative panel surveys, the study demonstrates that there are only weak effects of digital media use on political learning, but that the use of some digital media forms has appreciable effects on political participation.
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| 16. |
- Djerf-Pierre, Monika, 1961, et al.
(author)
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Media Salience Shifts and the Public’s Perceptions About Reality: How Fluctuations in News Media Attention Influence the Strength of Citizens’ Sociotropic Beliefs
- 2024
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In: Mass Communication & Society. - 1520-5436.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article examines whether shifts in news media attention to societal issues matter for how strong beliefs citizens have about those issues. Based on an issue signal approach, in which media salience is conceptualized as signal strength, the study analyzes whether sociotropic beliefs become more prevalent, extreme, and certain when news media salience rises, and less prevalent, extreme, and certain when media salience drops. Using a four-wave panel survey dataset collected over a two-year period, the empirical analysis links media content analyses of issue salience to panel survey data, comparing four issues with different levels of baseline salience and political controversy: violent crimes, immigration, climate change, and antibiotic resistance. The analysis shows that issue-specific news media exposure and issue-specific use of alternative media offer two different pathways to the formation of beliefs. The hypothesized relationship with news media salience was supported for the two controversial issues with high baseline salience (immigration and violent crimes), but not for climate change and antibiotic resistance. The results indicate that issue attributes matter and that audiences may respond differently to salience shifts depending on the level of controversy of the issue.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Djerf-Pierre, Monika, 1961, et al.
(author)
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Still an Agenda Setter? The Traditional News Media and Public Opinion from Low-Choice to High-Choice Environments: A Longitudinal Study
- 2016
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In: Paper presented at the 6th European Communication Conference, Ecrea, in Prague 9-12 November 2016.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This study analyses whether the agenda setting influence of traditional news media has become weaker over time – a key argument in the “new era of minimal effects” controversy. Following profound media environmental transformations, an increasing number of media outlets and growing opportunities for media choice, aggregate public opinion is assumed to be less responsive to the agenda of the traditional media. Despite the theoretical validity of such arguments, few attempts have been made to empirically test this hypothesis. Based on media content and public opinion data collected in Sweden over a period of 23 years (1992-2014), we analyze both aggregate and individual-level agenda setting effects on public opinion concerning 12 different political issues. Although the agenda setting impact of single nationally leading news outlets (Dagens Nyheter) appears to have weakened over time, we find no evidence that the collective media agenda (several prominent outlets) has become less influential. Taken together, citizens today appear as responsive to issue signals from the collective media agenda as during the low-choice era.
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| 19. |
- Djerf-Pierre, Monika, 1961, et al.
(author)
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Still an Agenda Setter: Traditional News Media and Public Opinion During the Transition From Low to High Choice Media Environments
- 2017
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In: Journal of Communication. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0021-9916 .- 1460-2466. ; 67:5, s. 733-757
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study analyzes whether the agenda-setting influence of traditional news media has become weaker over time—a key argument in the “new era of minimal effects” controversy. Based on media content and public opinion data collected in Sweden over a period of 23 years (1992–2014), we analyze both aggregate and individual-level agenda-setting effects on public opinion concerning 12 different political issues. Taken together, we find very little evidence that the traditional news media has become less influential as agenda setters. Rather, citizens appear as responsive to issue signals from the collective media agenda today as during the low-choice era. We discuss these findings in terms of cross-national differences in media systems and opportunity structures for selective exposure.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Ekström, Mats, 1961, et al.
(author)
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News framing and the activation of authoritarianism
- 2022
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In: Paper presented at the 9th European communication conference, ecrea 2022, in Aarhus.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The emergence of authoritarian attitudes within contemporary democracy puzzles researchers and worries those who trust a liberal democracy. Under what circumstances do people develop authoritarian attitudes? A general argument in the literature, confirmed in empirical studies, suggests that predispositions for authoritarianism, deep-rooted values of conformism, submission etc., are fairly widespread, but are activated in manifest attitudes under certain circumstances of threat related to crisis, social disorder and cultural tensions. Research provides extensive evidence of the impact of threat on individuals’ propensity to hold authoritarian attitudes. In this research, the role of the news media is however generally ignored. Given extensive research on the discursive construction and framing of crisis and threat in the news media, and the evidence on the importance of the media in shaping people’s attitudes on social issues, we can expect a significant role of news journalism in this context. This paper contributes to fill this gap by presenting two experimental studies addressing hypotheses of news framing effects on authoritarian attitudes. The first experiment focuses on news about disorder in school and a related threat to authority. The second focuses on news about same-sex parents, and a related threat to conformity. The panel experiments follow a pretest-posttest design with random assignment into treatment (threat-framed news) and control groups. The stimuli consists of news produced by a professional journalist. The sample is drawn from a pool of web survey participants at the Laboratory of Opinion Research (LORE) at the University of Gothenburg. Approx. 2,200 people participated. The study provides evidence of direct effects of threat-framed news on authoritarian attitudes. However, the results from the two experiments differ, which is discussed and preliminary explained with reference to the different position of the news issues in the socio-political landscape. While the result shows a clear positive impact of authoritarian values on authoritarian attitudes across the two news issues, the study provides no evidence for an activation mechanism.
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| 23. |
- Ekström, Mats, 1961, et al.
(author)
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News framing and the activation of authoritarianism
- 2023
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In: Paper presented online at the 73rd ICA conference, 25-29 May 2023, Toronto..
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The emergence of authoritarian attitudes within contemporary democracy puzzles researchers and worries those who trust a liberal democracy. Under what circumstances do people develop authoritarian attitudes? The literature suggests that circumstances of threat, social disorder and cultural tensions, have a strong impact on attitudes. There is substantial evidence that predispositions for authoritarianism tend to be activated under circumstances of threat. In this research, the role of the news media is generally ignored. This is a significant limitation. Given the power of news in the framing of disorder and tensions, and the importance of the media in shaping people’s attitudes on social issues, we expect a significant role of news journalism in this context. This article presents a theoretically grounded experimental study addressing hypotheses of news framing effects on authoritarian attitudes. The two panel experiments, on news about disorder in school and same-sex parents, follow a pretest-posttest design with random assignment into treatment (threat-framed news) and control groups. The study provides evidence of direct effects of threat-framed news on authoritarian attitudes, but no evidence for an activation mechanism. The results from the experiments differ, which is preliminary explained with reference to the positions of the news issues in the socio-political landscape.
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| 24. |
- Ekström, Mats, 1961, et al.
(author)
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Social media, porous boundaries, and the development of online political engagement among young citizens
- 2018
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In: New Media and Society. - : SAGE Publications. - 1461-4448 .- 1461-7315. ; 20:2, s. 740-759
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Concepts such as “porous boundaries” and “low thresholds” appear frequently in the literature on online political engagement. Social media, it is argued, are characterized by less distinct boundaries between non-political and political activities, thereby lowering thresholds into political engagement. This argument is analyzed and empirically tested. Relying on a five-wave panel study among Swedish adolescents, we provide unique insights into the levels and development of political engagement in online political information, interaction, production, and collective action. In sum, the findings show that, for a majority, social interaction in social media coincides with engagement in political information and interaction, while few are engaged in production and collective action. Second, the study provides limited support to the idea that low thresholds in social media promote patterns of tune-in, tune-out political engagement over time. Finally, social interaction in social media has clear effects on online political engagement beyond political socialization and motivation factors.
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| 25. |
- Ekström, Mats, 1961, et al.
(author)
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Spaces for public orientation
- 2014
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In: The Networked Young Citizen: Social Media, Political Participation and Civic Engagement. - London : Routledge. - 9781138019997 ; , s. 39-60
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Ekström, Mats, 1961, et al.
(author)
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Spaces for public orientation? : Longitudinal effects of Internet use in adolescence
- 2014
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In: Information, Communication and Society. - 1369-118X .- 1468-4462. ; 17:2, s. 168-183
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The article departs from an overarching research question: How does young people's engagement in different Internet spaces affect the development of their public orientation during adolescence? It analyses longitudinal panel data in order to explore how young people's public orientation develops during a phase in life (13-20) which is critical for political socialization. Data are derived from three waves of data collection among young people who were 13-17 years old at the time for the first data collection. The concept public orientation is measured by three indicators: young people's values, interests and everyday peer talk. These indicators are analysed with reference to respondents' Internet orientations, which we conceptualize as four separate but inter-related spaces (a news space, a space for social interaction, a game space and a creative space). The results primarily emphasize the importance of orientations towards news space and space for social interaction. Overall, the findings strongly suggest that orientations towards these spaces are related to adolescents' public orientation. The findings confirm the centrality of news and information in political socialization, but they also challenge the idea that social media facilities - such as Facebook, Twitter and blogging - enable forms of social interaction and creative production that have an overall positive impact on young people's public orientation.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Falasca, Kajsa, 1976-, et al.
(author)
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Priming Effects During the Financial Crisis : Accessibility and applicability mechanisms behind government approval
- 2013
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study investigates priming effects during the global financial crisis that erupted in September 2008. Using two longitudinal data sources on public opinion dynamics in Sweden between 2007 and 2010, we find no evidence of a basic priming hypothesis. Despite a substantial increase in negative media coverage of the economy and a clear growth in public concern, citizens did not attach greater weight to economic considerations in their government approval assessments following the outbreak of the economic crisis. Drawing upon the distinction between accessibility and applicability mechanisms, however, additional analysis shows that priming of economic considerations was moderated by citizens' attributions of responsibility for current economic developments. Citizens who primarily considered the ups and downs of the Swedish economy as being a result of the financial crisis were substantially less inclined to let their economic perceptions influence government approval than those who viewed economic developments as caused by government action. These results support the notion of priming as a two-step process, whereby heavy news coverage of the financial crisis increases the accessibility of economic considerations among the audience, but whether these considerations are used in government approval assessments depends on their perceived applicability as well.
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| 34. |
- Glogger, Isabella, 1981, et al.
(author)
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Bridging the gap: Introducing a socio-cultural dimension to explain beliefs about man-made threats
- 2022
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In: Public Understanding of Science. - : SAGE Publications. - 0963-6625 .- 1361-6609. ; 31:8, s. 1063-1078
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The belief gap hypothesis focuses on why individuals differ in beliefs about the causes and consequences of issues despite expert consensus. Offering ideological rationalization and media use as an explanation for diverting beliefs, it, so far, has focused on ideological priors that describe traditional socio-economic cleavages—even if scientific and environmental issues go beyond monetary questions. In this study, we aim to counter this shortcoming by introducing a socio-cultural dimension of ideology to research on the belief gap hypothesis. Comparing two issues of man-made threats—climate change and antimicrobial resistance—and emphasizing more strongly the role of media use for belief gaps, we find that a socio-cultural dimension of ideology serves as a better predictor for diverting beliefs about climate change but not for antimicrobial resistance. In contrast to left-leaning media, using right-leaning media outlets widens climate change belief gaps.
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| 35. |
- Glogger, Isabella, 1981, et al.
(author)
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The world around us and the picture(s) in our heads: The effects of news media use on belief organization
- 2023
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In: Communication Monographs. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0363-7751 .- 1479-5787. ; 90:2, s. 159-180
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Since Converse [1964. The nature of belief systems in mass publics. Critical Review, 18(1-3), 1 - 74 https://doi.org/10.1080/08913810608443650] asked "What goes with what?", research tries to answer this question. How individuals perceive the world around them depending on media use has been an endeavor of studying societal beliefs of societal issues separately. Building upon literature on cognitive architecture, we study how media use shapes the formation and stability of belief structures across issues in public opinion reflected in groups of individuals. Using a three-wave panel study, we found (1) that individuals' perceptions of different issues are interconnected, (2) translating into aggregate-stable, concurring groups in public opinion, and that (3) differential media use affects the formation and stability of these groups.
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| 36. |
- Holt, Kristoffer, et al.
(author)
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Age and the effects of news media attention and social media use on political interest and participation : Do social media function as leveller?
- 2013
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In: European Journal of Communication. - London : SAGE Publications. - 0267-3231 .- 1460-3705. ; 28:1, s. 19-34
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article investigates how media use differs across age groups- and whether this matters for people's inclination to participate politically. More specifically, the study investigates the impact of social media use for political purposes and of attention to political news in traditional media, on political interest and offline political participation. The findings, based on a four-wave panel study conducted during the 2010 Swedish national election campaign, show (1) clear differences in media use between age groups and (2) that both political social media use and attention to political news in traditional media increase political engagement over time. Thus, this study suggests that frequent social media use among young citizens can function as a leveller in terms of motivating political participation.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Holt, Kristoffer, et al.
(author)
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Social Media as Leveller? : Effects of Traditional News Media Attention and Social Media Use on Political Participation Among Younger and Older Citizens
- 2012
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article investigates how media use among young citizens differs from older generations, and whether this matters for their inclination to participate politically. More specifically, this study investigates the causal impact of social media use and attention to political news in traditional media, on political interest and offline political participation. The findings, based on a four-wave panel study conducted during the 2010 Swedish national election campaign, show a) clear differences in media use between age groups, and b) that both political social media use and attention to political news in traditional media increase political engagement. The results also indicate that both types of media use have a causal impact on political interest and offline participation. Thus, this study suggests that frequent social media use among young citizens can function as a leveller in terms of motivating political participation.
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| 39. |
- Hopmann, D. N., et al.
(author)
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Contagious Media Effects: How Media Use and Exposure to Game-Framed News Influence Media Trust
- 2015
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In: Mass Communication and Society. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1520-5436 .- 1532-7825. ; 18:6, s. 776-798
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of this study is to investigate the extent to which trust in media is affected by personal media use and the framing of politics as a strategic game. The study is based on a four-wave panel survey matched with media content data, which allows us to investigate not only correlations but also individual-level effects on media trust. In accordance with previous research, our analyses show that the use of specific media types leads to more trust in those specific media. The results also show that media framing of politics as a strategic game has a negative effect on trust in the media. The more citizens are exposed to game-framed news, the less they tend to trust the media, with the exception of tabloid newspapers. Overall, these results lend support to the assumption of contagious effects of game-framed news. In a concluding section, we sum up our results and discuss the implications of our findings.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Hopmann, David Nicolas, et al.
(author)
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Selective Media Exposure and Increasing Knowledge Gaps in Swiss Referendum Campaigns
- 2016
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In: International journal of public opinion research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0954-2892 .- 1471-6909. ; 28:1, s. 73-95
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study aims to contribute to the discussion on how the growing opportunities for media choice influence gaps in political knowledge among those motivated to consume news versus those who are not. With more television channels available, it becomes easier to choose content matching personal interests. While several studies have analyzed trends in news consumption and motivations among different citizen groups, there are still very few studies that actually link these developments longitudinally to patterns of knowledge gaps. Using survey data from Swiss referendums held 1993-1999, we find that (1) gaps in political knowledge because of political interest have increased over time, and (2) political interest has become a stronger predictor of informational TV use.
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| 44. |
- Johansson, Bengt, 1964, et al.
(author)
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When the rally-around-the-flag effect disappears, or: when the COVID-19 pandemic becomes “normalized”
- 2021
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In: Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1745-7289 .- 1745-7297. ; 30:S1, s. 321-334
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The rally-around-the-flag effect describes the tendency of public opinion to become more favourable toward political leaders in times of crises. Political leaders rarely can exchange this initial rally-around-effect into long-term support, however. The central question addressed in this paper is, why political leaders cannot maintain this increase in support over time. Based on three-wave panel data collected during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden (N=1716), this paper investigates why political leaders cannot maintain initial popular support in the long run. Empirically, we find that perceptions of how Sweden is affected by the crisis and political ideology are both important drivers to understand the declining government approval following a rally-around-the-flag effect.
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| 45. |
- Kruikemeier, Sanne, et al.
(author)
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News Media Use and Political Engagement Among Adolescents: An Analysis of Virtuous Circles Using Panel Data
- 2017
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In: Political Communication. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1058-4609 .- 1091-7675. ; 34:2, s. 221-242
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study analyzes reinforcing spirals between news media use and two manifestations of political engagement: political interest and participation intention. Drawing on a three-wave panel study among adolescents, we test the Virtuous Circle Thesis (VCT) in both an online and an offline setting, by distinguishing between selection effects and media effects as key ingredients of the VCT. Overall, the findings lend mixed support to the general argument. While the relationship between specific forms of news media use and political interest appears to be driven primarily by selection effects, reciprocal relations were found mainly between television news and participation intention. The VCT assumption of reciprocal influences was supported most clearly when adolescents’ total news media use was considered. Taken together, virtuous circles appeared to operate rather similarly online and offline.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Moeller, J., et al.
(author)
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Internet Use and Political Interest: Growth Curves, Reinforcing Spirals, and Causal Effects During Adolescence
- 2018
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In: Journal of Communication. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0021-9916 .- 1460-2466. ; 68:6, s. 1052-1078
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study analyzes reinforcing spirals between online media usage and political interest among adolescents. By applying a two-dimensional conceptualization of online media usage that distinguishes between content and interactivity characteristics, the study focuses on the mechanisms and processes stimulating the long-term development of political interest during adolescence. Findings from a unique, six-wave panel study conducted in Sweden over a period of 5 years suggest that reinforcing spirals are driven primarily by non-interactive political information usages of online media. These results contribute to a better understanding of the factors leading to the development of political interest during a crucial life phase, as well as the growing body of literature that theorize media and selection effects as part of reinforcing processes during adolescence.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Nicolas Hopmann, David, et al.
(author)
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The Contingencies of Ordinary Citizen Appearances in Political Television News
- 2011
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In: Journalism Practice. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1751-2786 .- 1751-2794. ; 5:6, s. 657-671
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- While few would deny the crucial role of citizens in democratic governance, there are still only a few studies that focus on ordinary citizens’ inclusion in political news coverage. First, we present a number of factors conditioning ordinary citizens’ appearances in the news. Second, based on the discussion of these factors, we formulate a number of research questions. After conducting an extensive content analysis covering almost 6000 actors appearing in political news coverage in the two major Danish broadcasters, DR1 and TV2, between 1994 and 2007, we find that ordinary citizens appear more often in reports on intrusive issues such as welfare, that they appear more often in news items positioned later in the news bulletins, that they, largely speaking, appear more often closer to election day, but that there are almost no differences between commercial and public service broadcasting. These findings are discussed in the light of past research on media source use and the ongoing changing foundations of political communication.
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| 50. |
- Nord, Lars, et al.
(author)
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Finanskrisen, förväntningarna och förtroendet
- 2013
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Syftet med denna avslutande rapport kring finanskrisen hösten 2008 är att diskutera kriskommunikationens villkor och opinionsbildningens dynamik genom att analysera det kommunikativa samspelet mellan politiker och myndighetsaktörer, nyhetsrapporteringen i de traditionella massmedierna och medborgarna. Vidare analyseras huruvida detta kommunikativa samspel påverkat opinionen och allmänhetens förtroende för aktörerna. Slutligen jämförs det kriskommunikativa samspelet under finanskrisen med motsvarande skeende under tsunamikatastrofen 2004/2005 och svininfluensan 2009.Analysen av finanskrisen visar att medierna vid detta tillfälle hade en tydlig roll som katalysator i det kommunikativa samspelet. Det var förstås inte medierna som skapade den finansiella krisen, men de tog ett viktigt kommunikativt initiativ och uppmärksammade krisen nyhetsmässigt i stor omfattning. Opinionsmässigt bidrog medierna till att skapa en bild av finanskrisen som det var mycket svårt för andra samhällsaktörer att inte förhålla sig till. Flera faktorer bidrog till att bilden av regeringen i medierna – mot alla odds – kunde bli så fördelaktig under finanskrisen. Här förtjänar att påpekas att frånvaron av en stark politisk opposition i Sverige hösten 2008 sannolikt spelade roll i sammanhanget. Det var nämligen ont om sådana kontrasterande och konkurrerande krisuppfattningar i det svenska samhället som medierna vanligen gärna återger för att åstadkomma en allsidig rapportering. Finanskrisen beskrevs överlag på ett entydigt sätt: det rörde sig här om en händelse som inträffat i omvärlden och där ansvaret framförallt fanns utanför landets gränser.Regeringen accepterade den bild av krisen som förmedlades i medierna, och anpassade sitt eget budskap till denna bild. Det skapades en överensstämmelse mellan den rådande mediebilden och regeringens egen fortsatta kommunikation om finanskrisen. Utifrån denna grundläggande problembeskrivning vidtog sedan regeringen olika åtgärder som bekräftade den allvarliga situationen, men också pekade på att den svenska ekonomin var i god ordning och att den svenska regeringen var beredd att möta de utmaningar som den nya situationen krävde. Allt detta bidrog i sin tur till att allmänhetens förväntningar i samband med finanskrisen får betraktas som låga. När regeringen i detta läge kunde framstå som handlingskraftig – och när medierna inte heller hade andra aktörers alternativa tolkningar att återge – är det måhända inte särskilt överraskande att regeringens krishantering uppfattades övervägande positivt av den svenska allmänheten, och att förtroendet för den inte heller påverkades negativt av krisen.
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