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- Cornell, Jonathan M., et al.
(författare)
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Dark matter in minimal universal extra dimensions with a stable vacuum and the right Higgs boson
- 2014
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Ingår i: Physical Review D. - 1550-7998 .- 1550-2368. ; 89:5, s. 056005-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The recent discovery of a Higgs boson with mass of about 125 GeV, along with its striking similarity to the prediction from the standard model, informs and constrains many models of new physics. The Higgs mass exhausts one out of three input parameters of the minimal, five-dimensional version of universal extra dimension models, the other two parameters being the Kaluza-Klein (KK) scale and the cutoff scale of the theory. The presence of KK fermions with large coupling to the Higgs implies a short-lived electroweak vacuum, unless the cutoff scale is at most a few times higher than the KK mass scale, providing an additional tight constraint to the theory parameter space. Here, we focus on the lightest KK particle as a dark matter candidate, and investigate the regions of parameter space where such particle has a thermal relic density in accord with the cosmological dark matter density. We find the paradoxical result that, for low enough cutoff scales consistent with vacuum stability, larger than previously thought KK mass scales become preferred to explain the dark matter abundance in the Universe. We explain this phenomenon by pinpointing the additional particles which, at such low cutoffs, become close enough in mass to the dark matter candidate to coannihilate with it. We make predictions for both collider and direct dark matter searches that might soon close in on all viable theory parameter space.
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| 2. |
- Cornell, Jonathan M., et al.
(författare)
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Kinetic decoupling and small-scale structure in effective theories of dark matter
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physical Review D. - 1550-7998 .- 1550-2368. ; 88:1, s. 015027-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The size of the smallest dark matter collapsed structures, or protohalos, is set by the temperature at which dark matter particles fall out of kinetic equilibrium. The process of kinetic decoupling involves elastic scattering of dark matter off of Standard Model particles in the early universe, and the relevant cross section is thus closely related to the cross section for dark matter scattering off of nuclei (direct detection) but also, via crossing symmetries, for dark matter pair production at colliders and for pair annihilation. In this study, we employ an effective-field-theoretic approach to calculate constraints on the kinetic decoupling temperature, and thus on the size of the smallest protohalos, from a variety of direct, indirect and collider probes of particle dark matter.
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| 5. |
- Liedholm, Rolf, et al.
(författare)
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The outcomes of mandibular third molar removal and non-removal : a study of patients' preferences using a multi-attribute method
- 2000
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Ingår i: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 58:6, s. 293-298
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim was to study patients' preferences about outcomes of mandibular third molar removal and non-removal using multi-attribute utility (MAU) methodology. The study comprised three stages. Stage 1: Elicitation of domains, i.e. main areas of patients' lives which could be affected by third molar removal and non-removal. Stage 2a: Interdomain weighting was obtained by relative weighting of the domains elicited in Stage 1. Stage 2b: Intradomain weighting obtained by patients' designation of values for different health slates of each domain. Stage 3: Rating of outcomes. The patients were asked to imagine experiencing a variety of outcomes of mandibular third molar removal and non-removal, described in 19 short vignettes. The numbers of patients interviewed for the three stages were 30, 78, and 55, respectively. Five domains were identified. The mean relative weightings were approximately equal for the domains "Home and social life" and "General health and well-being", followed in order of importance by "Job and studies" and "Health and comfort of mouth, teeth and gums". "Your appearance" received the lowest mean relative weighting. The vignette, which described the presence of a fluid-filled sac and suggested that this tooth must be removed, received the highest mean preference (least effect on patients' lives). The lowest mean preference (most effect on patients' lives) was generated by the vignette, which stated that the jaw was broken and that the teeth must be wired together for 6 weeks. We conclude that, from the patient's perspective, outcomes of non-removal were preferable to outcomes of mandibular third molar removal.
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| 6. |
- Liedholm, Rolf, et al.
(författare)
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Third molar treatment outcome : a comparison of patients' preferences in Sweden and Wales
- 2005
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Ingår i: British Dental Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0007-0610 .- 1476-5373. ; 199:5, s. 287-291
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To elucidate and compare patients’ outcome preferences with regard to removal and retention of mandibular third molars in Sweden and Wales. Subjects and Method: The subjects comprised patients referred for and scheduled for removal of one or both mandibular third molars in both Sweden and Wales. To study patients’ preferences for outcomes of removal and retention of the mandibular third molar, the Multi-attribute utility (MAU) methodology was applied to these patients. Results: Relative weighting of domains was similar in the two countries. “Home and social life” received the highest relative weighting in Sweden and “General health and well-being” in Wales. “Your appearance” received the lowest relative weighting in Sweden and Wales. In both Sweden and Wales operative jaw fracture was considered to be the outcome with most impact and dentigerous cyst and imbricated incisors the least impact. Outcome ranking was similar in the two countries and operative outcomes were considered by patients to be more detrimental to health than retention outcomes. Conclusions: This European comparison showed that patients’ preferences in Sweden and Wales were similar and that the outcomes of surgery were considered worse after third molar removal than retention. Patient-orientated treatment decisions are less subject to variation than clinician-orientated decisions.
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| 7. |
- McKay, James D., et al.
(författare)
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Large-scale association analysis identifies new lung cancer susceptibility loci and heterogeneity in genetic susceptibility across histological subtypes
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 49:7, s. 1126-1132
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although several lung cancer susceptibility loci have been identified, much of the heritability for lung cancer remains unexplained. Here 14,803 cases and 12,262 controls of European descent were genotyped on the OncoArray and combined with existing data for an aggregated genomewide association study (GWAS) analysis of lung cancer in 29,266 cases and 56,450 controls. We identified 18 susceptibility loci achieving genome-wide significance, including 10 new loci. The new loci highlight the striking heterogeneity in genetic susceptibility across the histological subtypes of lung cancer, with four loci associated with lung cancer overall and six loci associated with lung adenocarcinoma. Gene expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis in 1,425 normal lung tissue samples highlights RNASET2, SECISBP2L and NRG1 as candidate genes. Other loci include genes such as a cholinergic nicotinic receptor, CHRNA2, and the telomere-related genes OFBC1 and RTEL1. Further exploration of the target genes will continue to provide new insights into the etiology of lung cancer.
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| 8. |
- Middeldorp, Christel M., et al.
(författare)
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The Early Growth Genetics (EGG) and EArly Genetics and Lifecourse Epidemiology (EAGLE) consortia : design, results and future prospects
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Journal of Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284. ; 34:3, s. 279-300
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The impact of many unfavorable childhood traits or diseases, such as low birth weight and mental disorders, is not limited to childhood and adolescence, as they are also associated with poor outcomes in adulthood, such as cardiovascular disease. Insight into the genetic etiology of childhood and adolescent traits and disorders may therefore provide new perspectives, not only on how to improve wellbeing during childhood, but also how to prevent later adverse outcomes. To achieve the sample sizes required for genetic research, the Early Growth Genetics (EGG) and EArly Genetics and Lifecourse Epidemiology (EAGLE) consortia were established. The majority of the participating cohorts are longitudinal population-based samples, but other cohorts with data on early childhood phenotypes are also involved. Cohorts often have a broad focus and collect(ed) data on various somatic and psychiatric traits as well as environmental factors. Genetic variants have been successfully identified for multiple traits, for example, birth weight, atopic dermatitis, childhood BMI, allergic sensitization, and pubertal growth. Furthermore, the results have shown that genetic factors also partly underlie the association with adult traits. As sample sizes are still increasing, it is expected that future analyses will identify additional variants. This, in combination with the development of innovative statistical methods, will provide detailed insight on the mechanisms underlying the transition from childhood to adult disorders. Both consortia welcome new collaborations. Policies and contact details are available from the corresponding authors of this manuscript and/or the consortium websites.
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| 9. |
- Sikkema, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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An integrated cell atlas of the lung in health and disease
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Medicine. - : Springer Nature. - 1078-8956 .- 1546-170X. ; 29:6, s. 1563-1577
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Single-cell technologies have transformed our understanding of human tissues. Yet, studies typically capture only a limited number of donors and disagree on cell type definitions. Integrating many single-cell datasets can address these limitations of individual studies and capture the variability present in the population. Here we present the integrated Human Lung Cell Atlas (HLCA), combining 49 datasets of the human respiratory system into a single atlas spanning over 2.4 million cells from 486 individuals. The HLCA presents a consensus cell type re-annotation with matching marker genes, including annotations of rare and previously undescribed cell types. Leveraging the number and diversity of individuals in the HLCA, we identify gene modules that are associated with demographic covariates such as age, sex and body mass index, as well as gene modules changing expression along the proximal-to-distal axis of the bronchial tree. Mapping new data to the HLCA enables rapid data annotation and interpretation. Using the HLCA as a reference for the study of disease, we identify shared cell states across multiple lung diseases, including SPP1 + profibrotic monocyte-derived macrophages in COVID-19, pulmonary fibrosis and lung carcinoma. Overall, the HLCA serves as an example for the development and use of large-scale, cross-dataset organ atlases within the Human Cell Atlas.
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