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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 6. |
- Liu, Wei, et al.
(författare)
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Coherent dynamics of multi-spin V-B(-) center in hexagonal boron nitride
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Nature Portfolio. - 2041-1723. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) has recently been demonstrated to contain optically polarized and detected electron spins that can be utilized for implementing qubits and quantum sensors in nanolayered-devices. Understanding the coherent dynamics ofmicrowave driven spins in hBN is of crucial importance for advancing these emerging new technologies. Here, we demonstrate and study the Rabi oscillation and related phenomena of a negatively charged boron vacancy (V-B(-)) spin ensemble in hBN. We report on different dynamics of the V-B(-) spins at weak and strong magnetic fields. In the former case the defect behaves like a single electron spin system, while in the latter case it behaves like a multi-spin system exhibiting multiple-frequency dynamical oscillation as beat in the Ramsey fringes. We also carry out theoretical simulations for the spin dynamics of V-B(-) and reveal that the nuclear spins can be driven via the strong electron nuclear coupling existing in V-B(-) center, which can be modulated by the magnetic field and microwave field.
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| 7. |
- Liu, Zhigang, et al.
(författare)
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Gut microbiota mediates intermittent-fasting alleviation of diabetes-induced cognitive impairment
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723 .- 2041-1723. ; 11:1, s. 855-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cognitive decline is one of the complications of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Intermittent fasting (IF) is a promising dietary intervention for alleviating T2D symptoms, but its protective effect on diabetes-driven cognitive dysfunction remains elusive. Here, we find that a 28-day IF regimen for diabetic mice improves behavioral impairment via a microbiota-metabolites-brain axis: IF enhances mitochondrial biogenesis and energy metabolism gene expression in hippocampus, re-structures the gut microbiota, and improves microbial metabolites that are related to cognitive function. Moreover, strong connections are observed between IF affected genes, microbiota and metabolites, as assessed by integrative modelling. Removing gut microbiota with antibiotics partly abolishes the neuroprotective effects of IF. Administration of 3-indolepropionic acid, serotonin, short chain fatty acids or tauroursodeoxycholic acid shows a similar effect to IF in terms of improving cognitive function. Together, our study purports the microbiota-metabolites-brain axis as a mechanism that can enable therapeutic strategies against metabolism-implicated cognitive pathophysiologies.
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| 8. |
- Peng, Shi-Yu, et al.
(författare)
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Reduced motor cortex GABABR function following chronic alcohol exposure
- 2021
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Ingår i: Molecular Psychiatry. - : SPRINGERNATURE. - 1359-4184 .- 1476-5578. ; 26:2, s. 383-395
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The GABA(B) receptor (GABA(B)R) agonist baclofen has been used to treat alcohol and several other substance use disorders (AUD/SUD), yet its underlying neural mechanism remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate cortical GABA(B)R dynamics following chronic alcohol exposure. Ex vivo brain slice recordings from mice chronically exposed to alcohol revealed a reduction in GABA(B)R-mediated currents, as well as a decrease of GABA(B1/2)R and G-protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channel 2 (GIRK2) activities in the motor cortex. Moreover, our data indicated that these alterations could be attributed to dephosphorylation at the site of serine 783 (ser-783) in GABA(B2) subunit, which regulates the surface expression of GABA(B)R. Furthermore, a human study using paired-pulse-transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) analysis further demonstrated a reduced cortical inhibition mediated by GABA(B)R in patients with AUD. Our findings provide the first evidence that chronic alcohol exposure is associated with significantly impaired cortical GABA(B)R function. The ability to promote GABA(B)R signaling may account for the therapeutic efficacy of baclofen in AUD.
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| 9. |
- Qian, Yan, et al.
(författare)
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Quantification for total demethylation potential of environmental samples utilizing the EGFP reporter gene
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Hazardous Materials. - : Elsevier. - 0304-3894 .- 1873-3336. ; 306, s. 278-285
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract The demethylation potential of pollutants is arguably an innate component of their toxicity in environmental samples. A method was developed for determining the total demethylation potential of food samples (TDQ). The demethylation epigenetic toxicity was determined using the Hep G2 cell line transfected with pEGFP-C3 plasmids containing a methylated promoter of the EGFP reporter gene. The total demethylation potential of the sample extracts (the 5-AZA-CdR demethylation toxic equivalency) can be quantified within one week by using a standard curve of the 5-AZA-CdR demethylation agent. To explore the applicability of TDQ for environmental samples, 17 groundwater samples were collected from heavy polluted Kuihe river and the total demethylation potentials of the sample extracts were measured successfully. Meaningful demethylation toxic equivalencies ranging from 0.00050 to 0.01747 μM were found in all groundwater sample extracts. Among 19 kinds of inorganic substance, As and Cd played important roles for individual contribution to the total demethylation epigenetic toxicity. The TDQ assay is reliable and fast for quantifying the DNA demethylation potential of environmental sample extracts, which may improve epigenetic toxicity evaluations for human risk assessment, and the consistent consuming of groundwater alongside the Kuihe river pose unexpected epigenetic health risk to the local residents.
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| 10. |
- Sjöström, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Development and Validation of a Genomic Profile for the Omission of Local Adjuvant Radiation in Breast Cancer.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. - 1527-7755. ; 41:8, s. 1533-1540
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) is used for women with early-stage invasive breast cancer treated with breast-conserving surgery. However, some women with low risk of recurrence may safely be spared RT. This study aimed to identify these women using a molecular-based approach.We analyzed two randomized trials of women with node-negative invasive breast cancer to ± RT following breast-conserving surgery: SweBCG91-RT (stage I-II, no adjuvant systemic therapy) and Princess Margaret (age 50 years or older, T1-T2, adjuvant tamoxifen). Transcriptome-wide profiling was performed (Affymetrix Human Exon 1.0 ST microarray). Patients with estrogen receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative tumors and with gene expression data were included. The SweBCG91-RT cohort was divided into training (N = 243) and validation (N = 354) cohorts. A 16-gene signature named Profile for the Omission of Local Adjuvant Radiation (POLAR) was trained to predict locoregional recurrence (LRR) using elastic net regression. POLAR was then validated in the SweBCG91-RT validation cohort and the Princess Margaret cohort (N = 132).Patients categorized as POLAR low-risk without RT had a 10-year LRR of 6% (95% CI, 2 to 16) and 7% (0 to 27) in SweBCG91-RT and Princess Margaret cohorts, respectively. There was no significant benefit from RT in POLAR low-risk patients (hazard ratio [HR], 1.1 [0.39 to 3.4], P = .81, and HR, 1.5 [0.14 to 16], P = .74, respectively). Patients categorized as POLAR high-risk had a significant decreased risk of LRR with RT (HR, 0.43 [0.24 to 0.78], P = .0055, and HR, 0.25 [0.07 to 0.92], P = .038, respectively). An exploratory analysis testing for interaction between RT and POLAR in the combined validation cohort was performed (P = .066).The novel POLAR genomic signature on the basis of LRR biology may identify patients with a low risk of LRR despite not receiving RT, and thus may be candidates for RT omission.
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| 11. |
- Bhattacharya, Prosun, et al.
(författare)
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Groundwater characteristics in the shallow aquifers of Huhhot region in Inner Mongolia, PR China : Implications on the mobilisation of arsenic
- 2006
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Ingår i: Natural Arsenic in Groundwaters of Latin America. ; , s. 11-12
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Elevated arsenic (As) concentration ingroundwater is becoming a worldwide problem. In Huhhot Alluvial Basin (HAB) in Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic ofChina, a population of over a million isexposed to severe health risk due to theconsumption of groundwater with high Asconcentration. In some arsenic seriouslyaffected areas, As concentration reach 1491µg L-1, 149 times over WHO’s drinkingwater guideline value for As and exceed theChinese drinking water standard by a factorof 30 times. Due to the acute shortage ofsafe water supply and inefficient watermanagement system, people are compelledto drink groundwater with high As concentration. Long period ingestion of water withhigh As concentration have lead to chronicarsenic poisoning among the residents ofthe region. This present work deals with thehydrogeochemical characterisation of thegroundwater of the shallow alluvial aquifers and their implications on the chemistryand its relation to the mechanism of Asmobilization in the HAB.Groundwater samples were collected during October 2003, from 29 sites in the village of Tie Men Jing, located about 100 kmfrom Inner Mongolia’s capital Huhhot. ThepH, redox potential (Eh), temperature andelectrical conductivity were measured atsites while major ions, trace elements including As total and As (III) were analyzedin laboratories at the Royal Institute ofTechnology and Stockholm University inSweden. Groundwater is generally neutralto alkaline and the pH varies from 6.67 to8.7. The redox potential (Eh) lies between74 and 669 mV. The electrical conductivity(EC) range varies from 581 to 5200 µS cm-1. Temperature ranges from 9.1 to 13.5 °C.Depths of wells are from 4 m to 75 m.Groundwater is mostly of Na-Mg-HCO3-Cl-type and dominated by HCO3-and Cl-asthe predominant anions. The concentrationsof SO42-range between 0.3 and 172.8 mg L-1and there is a trend of decreasing sulfateconcentrations with increase in well depth.The levels of NO3-were lower than theWHO´s guideline value of 50 mg L-1in 27wells. These high NO3-concentrations could have been caused by anthropogeniccontamination due to the sanitation practices.The PO43-concentration ranges between 0.04to 2.6 mg L-1.Total As concentration ranged from belowdetect limit (5.2 µg L-1) to 141 µg L-1. In 28of the investigated wells, As levels exceededWHO’s guideline value 10 µg L-1and 17wells exceeded Chinese standard 50 µg L-1.Among the 42 groundwater samples of theshallow aquifers only three complied withthe WHO drinking water guideline value forAs. The dominant species in the groundwaterwas As (III). In the 29 wells of Tie MenJing, the concentration of Fe and Mn –exceeded the WHO’s guideline value by afactor of 10.The aquifers are composed of Quaternary(mainly Holocene) fluvial and lacustrinesediments. High As occurring in anaerobicgroundwater in low-lying areas is associatedwith high concenrations of dissolved Fe andMn. Improved water supply system, employment new water and energy resources,poverty fighting and expertise cooperationare recommended to solve Huhhot basinrural area’s drinking water problem.
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| 12. |
- Chen, Haiwei, et al.
(författare)
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Extending the environmental lifetime of unpackaged perovskite solar cells through interfacial design
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry A. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2050-7488 .- 2050-7496. ; 4:30, s. 11604-11610
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Solution-processed oxo-functionalized graphene (oxo-G1) is employed to substitute hydrophilic PEDOT:PSS as an anode interfacial layer for perovskite solar cells. The resulting devices exhibit a reasonably high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.2% in the planar inverted architecture with oxo-G1 as a hole transporting material (HTM), and most importantly, deploy the full open-circuit voltage (Voc) of up to 1.1 V. Moreover, oxo-G1 effectively slows down the ingress of water vapor into the device stack resulting in significantly enhanced environmental stability of unpackaged cells under illumination with 80% of the initial PCE being reached after 500 h. Without encapsulation, ∼60% of the initial PCE is retained after ∼1000 h of light soaking under 0.5 sun and ambient conditions maintaining the temperature beneath 30 °C. Moreover, the unsealed perovskite device retains 92% of its initial PCE after about 1900 h under ambient conditions and in the dark. Our results underpin that controlling water diffusion into perovskite cells through advanced interface engineering is a crucial step towards prolonged environmental stability.
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| 13. |
- Chen, Xi, et al.
(författare)
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Photothermally tunable silicon-microring-based optical add-drop filter through integrated light absorber
- 2014
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Ingår i: Optics Express. - 1094-4087. ; 22:21, s. 25233-25241
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An optically pumped thermo-optic (TO) silicon ring add-drop filter with fast thermal response is experimentally demonstrated. We propose that metal-insulator-metal (MIM) light absorber can be integrated into silicon TO devices, acting as a localized heat source which can be activated remotely by a pump beam. The MIM absorber design introduces less thermal capacity to the device, compared to conventional electrically-driven approaches. Experimentally, the absorber-integrated add-drop filter shows an optical response time of 13.7 mu s following the 10%-90% rule (equivalent to a exponential time constant of 5 mu s) and a wavelength shift over pump power of 60 pm/mW. The photothermally tunable add-drop filter may provide new perspectives for all-optical routing and switching in integrated Si photonic circuits.
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| 14. |
- Chen, Xi, et al.
(författare)
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Photothermally tunable silicon-microring-based optical add-drop filter through integrated light absorber
- 2014
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Ingår i: Optics Express. - : Optica Publishing Group. - 1094-4087. ; 22:21, s. 25233-25241
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An optically pumped thermo-optic (TO) silicon ring add-drop filter with fast thermal response is experimentally demonstrated. We propose that metal-insulator-metal (MIM) light absorber can be integrated into silicon TO devices, acting as a localized heat source which can be activated remotely by a pump beam. The MIM absorber design introduces less thermal capacity to the device, compared to conventional electrically-driven approaches. Experimentally, the absorber-integrated add-drop filter shows an optical response time of 13.7 μs following the 10%–90% rule (equivalent to a exponential time constant of 5 μs) and a wavelength shift over pump power of 60 pm/mW. The photothermally tunable add-drop filter may provide new perspectives for all-optical routing and switching in integrated Si photonic circuits.
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| 15. |
- Chen, Xi, et al.
(författare)
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Photothermally tunable silicon microring-resonator-based optical add-drop filter
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A themro-optic (TO) silicon photonic add-drop filterwith small switching power and fast response is experimentallydemonstrated. We propose that metal-insulator-metal (MIM)absorbers can be integrated into the silicon TO devices, acting asan efficient and localized heat source. The MIM absorber designintroduces less thermal capacity to the device, comparing to theelectrically driven heater used in conventional TO devices. As a keyelement in silicon photonics, microring resonators have applicationin wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) devices, owning to theirunique spectrum properties. In this work, a silicon microring add-dropfilter is equipped with a MIM absorber. Experimentally, the deviceshows a measured optical response time of 5.0 μs and pumping powerderivative of the wavelength shift of 60 pm/mW.
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| 16. |
- Fan, Jin, et al.
(författare)
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Development of wideband orthomode transducers for FAST cryogenic receiver system
- 2020
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Ingår i: Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : IOP Publishing. - 1674-4527. ; 20:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes the design, construction, and performance of the wideband orthomode transducers (OMTs) for the L- (1.2-1.8 GHz), the S- (2-3 GHz) and the P- (0.56-1.12 GHz) band receiver systems of the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST). These OMTs operate at the cryogenic temperature of 70K to reduce their thermal noise contribution to the receiver chains. The development on the FAST L- and S-band quad-ridged waveguide (QRWG) OMTs is carried out based on the theoretical mode analysis. In view of the miniaturization of FAST cryogenic receiver system at P-band, a novel wideband compact bowtie dipole OMT is designed with an octave bandwidth as well as a length of only quarter wavelength. The proposed L-, S- and P-band OMTs are designed and optimized by using Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), and then manufactured, tested at room temperature. Measurement of FAST cryogenic receiver system noise is also performed with the L-, S- and P-band OMTs installed. The measured results fully comply with the design specifications.
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| 17. |
- Fei, Yang, et al.
(författare)
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Critical Roles of Control Engineering in the Development of Intelligent and Connected Vehicles
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Intelligent and Connected Vehicles. - 2399-9802. ; 7:2, s. 79-85
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, advancements in onboard computing hardware and wireless communication technology have remarkably stimulated the development of intelligent and connected vehicles (ICVs). Specifically, some researchers have investigated the issue of employing various advanced control techniques to optimize the performance of autonomous vehicles in practice (Sun et al., 2023; Zhang et al., 2023a, 2023b). Therefore, this article aims to discuss why and how control engineering plays an essential role in the development of ICVs.
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| 18. |
- Fei, Z., et al.
(författare)
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Experimental and theoretical study of the ground-state M1 transition in Ag-like tungsten
- 2012
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Ingår i: Physical Review A (Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics). - 1050-2947. ; 86:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present an experimental and theoretical study of the F-2(5/2) -> F-2(7/2) M1 transition in Ag-like W (W27+). The experiments employed the Shanghai permanent magnet electron beam ion trap, which has been developed especially for assisting spectroscopic diagnostics of edge plasmas for magnetic fusion devices. The theoretical value was obtained using the GRASP2K set of computer codes and included a comprehensive correlation study. The experimental M1 wavelength was measured as 3377.43 +/- 0.26 angstrom (3378.43 angstrom vacuum wavelength), whereas the calculated wavelength is in good agreement at 3381.80 angstrom. This good agreement shows the importance of fully understanding the electron correlation effects to predict the energy of the fine structure even in this, for tungsten, relatively simple case.
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| 19. |
- Fei, Z., et al.
(författare)
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Forbidden-line spectroscopy of the ground-state configuration of Cd-like W
- 2014
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Ingår i: Physical Review A (Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics). - 1050-2947. ; 90:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- only using electric-dipole forbidden emission lines, in what we label forbidden-line spectroscopy, we identified several energy levels in cadmium-like tungsten, W26+. The spectrum was recorded at the Shanghai permanentmagnet electron beam ion trap in the visible region. The identifications were supported by large-scale multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock calculations which involved careful investigations of core-valence and core-core correlation effects, and by relativistic many-body perturbation theory calculations. With this novel method we identified in all seven lines and measured their wavelengths. From this we can determine the relative position of seven energy levels. Due to the close degeneracy of two levels, we give alternative energies for three of the levels.
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| 20. |
- Gelabert, Pere, et al.
(författare)
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Evolutionary History, Genomic Adaptation to Toxic Diet, and Extinction of the Carolina Parakeet
- 2020
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Ingår i: Current Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-9822 .- 1879-0445. ; 30:1, s. 108-114
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As the only endemic neotropical parrot to have recently lived in the northern hemisphere, the Carolina parakeet (Conuropsis carolinensis) was an iconic North American bird. The last surviving specimen died in the Cincinnati Zoo in 1918 [1]. The cause of its extinction remains contentious: besides excessive mortality associated to habitat destruction and active hunting, their survival could have been negatively affected by its range having become increasingly patchy [2] or by the exposure to poultry pathogens [3, 4]. In addition, the Carolina parakeet showed a pre-dilection for cockleburs, an herbaceousplant that contains a powerful toxin, carboxyatractyloside, or CAT [5], which did not seem to affect them but made the birds notoriously toxic to most predators [3]. To explore the demographic history of this bird, we generated the complete genomic sequence of a preserved specimen held in a private collection in Espinelves (Girona, Spain), as well as of a close extant relative, Aratinga solstitialis. We identified two non-synonymous genetic changes in two highly conserved proteins known to interact with CAT that could underlie a specific dietary adaptation to this toxin. Our genomic analyses did not reveal evidence of a dramatic past demographic decline in the Carolina parakeet; also, its genome did not exhibit the long runs of homozygosity that are signals of recent inbreeding and are typically found in endangered species. As such, our results suggest its extinction was an abrupt process and thus likely solely attributable to human causes.
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| 21. |
- He, Mao Qiang, et al.
(författare)
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Phylogenomics, divergence times and notes of orders in Basidiomycota
- 2024
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Ingår i: Fungal Diversity. - 1560-2745 .- 1878-9129. ; 126, s. 127-406
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Basidiomycota is one of the major phyla in the fungal tree of life. The outline of Basidiomycota provides essential taxonomic information for researchers and workers in mycology. In this study, we present a time-framed phylogenomic tree with 487 species of Basidiomycota from 127 families, 47 orders, 14 classes and four subphyla; we update the outline of Basidiomycota based on the phylogenomic relationships and the taxonomic studies since 2019; and we provide notes for each order and discuss the history, defining characteristics, evolution, justification of orders, problems, significance, and plates. Our phylogenomic analysis suggests that the subphyla diverged in a time range of 443–490 Myr (million years), classes in a time range of 312–412 Myr, and orders in a time range of 102–361 Myr. Families diverged in a time range of 50–289 Myr, 76–224 Myr, and 62–156 Myr in Agaricomycotina, Pucciniomycotina, and Ustilaginomycotina, respectively. Based on the phylogenomic relationships and divergence times, we propose a new suborder Mycenineae in Agaricales to accommodate Mycenaceae. In the current outline of Basidiomycota, there are four subphyla, 20 classes, 77 orders, 297 families, and 2134 genera accepted. When building a robust taxonomy of Basidiomycota in the genomic era, the generation of molecular phylogenetic data has become relatively easier. Finding phenotypical characters, especially those that can be applied for identification and classification, however, has become increasingly challenging.
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| 22. |
- Kang, Jie, et al.
(författare)
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Aerobic exercise prevents depression via alleviating hippocampus injury in chronic stressed depression rats
- 2021
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Ingår i: Brain Sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 2076-3425. ; 11:1, s. 1-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- (1) Background: Depression is one of the overwhelming public health problems. Alleviating hippocampus injury may prevent depression development. Herein, we established the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model and aimed to investigate whether aerobic exercise (AE) could alleviate CUMS induced depression-like behaviors and hippocampus injury. (2) Methods: Forty-eight healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats (200 ± 20 g) were randomly divided into 4 groups (control, CUMS, CUMS + 7 days AE, CUMS + 14 days AE). Rats with AE treatments were subjected to 45 min treadmill per day. (3) Results: AE intervention significantly improved CUMS-induced depressive behaviors, e.g., running square numbers and immobility time assessed by the open field and forced swimming test, suppressed hippocampal neuron apoptosis, reduced levels of phosphorylation of NMDA receptor and homocysteine in hippocampus, as well as serum glucocorticoids, compared to the CUMS rats. In contrast, AE upregulated phosphorylation of AMPAR receptor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) hippocampus in CUMS depression rats. The 14 day-AE treatment exhibited better performance than 7 day-AE on the improvement of the hippocampal function. (4) Conclusion: AE might be an efficient strategy for prevention of CUMS-induced depression via ameliorating hippocampus functions. Underlying mechanisms may be related with glutamatergic system, the neurotoxic effects of homocysteine, and/or influences in glucocorticoids-BDNF expression interaction.
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| 23. |
- Li, W., et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of M1 transitions of the ground-state configuration of In-like tungsten
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 0953-4075 .- 1361-6455. ; 49:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three visible lines of M1 transitions from In-like tungsten were recorded using the Shanghai Permanent Magnet Electron Beam Ion Trap. The experimental wavelengths were measured as 493.84 ± 0.15, 226.97 ± 0.13 and 587.63 ± 0.23 nm (vacuum wavelengths). These results are in good agreement with theoretical predictions obtained using the large-scale relativistic many-body perturbation theory, in the form of the flexible atomic code.
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| 24. |
- Liao, Xunfan, et al.
(författare)
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The role of dipole moment in two fused-ring electron acceptor and one polymer donor based ternary organic solar cells
- 2020
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Ingår i: Materials Chemistry Frontiers. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2052-1537. ; 4:5, s. 1507-1518
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fused-ring electron acceptor (FREA) based ternary organic solar cells (OSCs) have made significant progress and attracted considerable attention due to their simple device architecture and broad absorption range in devices. There are three key parameters that need to be fine-tuned in ternary OSCs including absorption, energy level and morphology in order to realize high efficiencies. Herein, a series of FREAs with diverse electron-rich cores or electron-deficient terminals are developed and rationally combined to achieve high performance ternary OSCs. The dipole moment of FREAs' terminals has been unveiled as an important factor and its working mechanism has been thoroughly investigated by systematically studying six ternary OSCs. These ternary blends all exhibit complementary absorption and cascade energy levels, which can facilitate efficient light-harvesting and charge transfer. Additionally, the morphological effects on ternary OSCs are eliminated through comparative studies while demonstrating distinctively different performance. The preliminary results show that compatible dipole moment between two FREAs is critical in ternary blends. Specifically, the performance of the ternary system with two FREAs having quite different dipole moment terminals is worse compared to that with similar terminal dipole moments. The pair with larger difference in the dipole moment will also negatively impact device performance. This interesting phenomenon is likely due to the fact that very different dipole moments of terminals in FREAs can significantly decrease the electron mobility as well as induce unbalanced hole/electron transport. Consequently, it results in increased charge recombination and reduced charge collection efficiency. This finding demonstrates that the dipole moment of FREAs should be taken into account in designing ternary OSCs.
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| 25. |
- Lin, Kangming, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of an Innovative Point-of-Care Rapid Diagnostic Test for the Identification of Imported Malaria Parasites in China
- 2023
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Ingår i: Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease. - : MDPI. - 2414-6366. ; 8:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: China was certified malaria-free by the World Health Organization on 30 June 2021. However, due to imported malaria, maintaining a malaria-free status in China is an ongoing challenge. There are critical gaps in the detection of imported malaria through the currently available tools, especially for non-falciparum malaria. In the study, a novel point-of-care Rapid Diagnostic Test designed for the detection of imported malaria infections was evaluated in the field. Methods: Suspected imported malaria cases reported from Guangxi and Anhui Provinces of China during 2018-2019 were enrolled to evaluate the novel RDTs. Diagnostic performance of the novel RDTs was evaluated based on its sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and Cohen's kappa coefficient, using polymerase chain reaction as the gold standard. The Additive and absolute Net Reclassification Index were calculated to compare the diagnostic performance between the novel RDTs and Wondfo RDTs (control group). Results: A total of 602 samples were tested using the novel RDTs. Compared to the results of PCR, the novel RDTs presented sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and diagnostic accuracy rates of 78.37%, 95.05%, 94.70%, 79.59%, and 86.21%, respectively. Among the positive samples, the novel RDTs found 87.01%, 71.31%, 81.82%, and 61.54% of P. falciparum, P. ovale, P. vivax, and P. malariae, respectively. The ability to detect non-falciparum malaria did not differ significantly between the novel and Wondfo RDTs (control group). However, Wondfo RDTs can detect more P. falciparum cases than the novel RDTs (96.10% vs. 87.01%, p < 0.001). After the introduction of the novel RDTs, the value of the additive and absolute Net Reclassification Index is 1.83% and 1.33%, respectively. Conclusions: The novel RDTs demonstrated the ability to distinguish P. ovale and P. malariae from P. vivax which may help to improve the malaria post-elimination surveillance tools in China.
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| 26. |
- Luo, Yifei, et al.
(författare)
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Technology Roadmap for Flexible Sensors
- 2023
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Ingår i: ACS Nano. - : American Chemical Society. - 1936-0851 .- 1936-086X. ; 17:6, s. 5211-5295
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Humans rely increasingly on sensors to address grand challenges and to improve quality of life in the era of digitalization and big data. For ubiquitous sensing, flexible sensors are developed to overcome the limitations of conventional rigid counterparts. Despite rapid advancement in bench-side research over the last decade, the market adoption of flexible sensors remains limited. To ease and to expedite their deployment, here, we identify bottlenecks hindering the maturation of flexible sensors and propose promising solutions. We first analyze challenges in achieving satisfactory sensing performance for real-world applications and then summarize issues in compatible sensor-biology interfaces, followed by brief discussions on powering and connecting sensor networks. Issues en route to commercialization and for sustainable growth of the sector are also analyzed, highlighting environmental concerns and emphasizing nontechnical issues such as business, regulatory, and ethical considerations. Additionally, we look at future intelligent flexible sensors. In proposing a comprehensive roadmap, we hope to steer research efforts towards common goals and to guide coordinated development strategies from disparate communities. Through such collaborative efforts, scientific breakthroughs can be made sooner and capitalized for the betterment of humanity.
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| 27. |
- Lv, Fei, et al.
(författare)
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Challenges and development of composite solid-state electrolytes for high-performance lithium ion batteries
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Power Sources. - : Elsevier. - 0378-7753 .- 1873-2755. ; 441
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The safety concerns and the pursuit of high energy density have stimulated the development of high-performance solid-state lithium ion batteries. Therefore, the key component in solid-state lithium batteries, i.e. the solid-state electrolytes, also has attracted tremendous attention due to its non-flammability and good adaptability to high-voltage cathodes/lithium metal anodes. An in-depth understanding of the existing problems of solid-state electrolytes and proposed strategies for addressing these problems is crucial for the efficient design of high-performance solid-state electrolytes. In this review, we systematically summarized the current limitations of composite solid-state electrolytes and efforts to overcome them, and gave some proposals for the future perspectives of solid-state electrolytes with the aim to provide practical guidance for the researchers in this area.
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| 28. |
- Mukherjee, Abhijit, et al.
(författare)
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Chemical evolution in the high arsenic groundwater of the Huhhot basin (Inner Mongolia, PR China) and its difference from the western Bengal basin (India)
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Applied Geochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0883-2927 .- 1872-9134. ; 24:10, s. 1835-1851
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Elevated As concentrations in groundwater of the Huhhot basin (HB), Inner Mongolia, China, and the western Bengal basin (WBB), India, have been known for decades. However, few studies have been performed to comprehend the processes controlling overall groundwater chemistry in the HB. In this study, the controls on solute chemistry in the HB have been interpreted and compared with the well-studied WBB, which has a very different climate, physiography, lithology, and aquifer characteristics than the HB. In general, there are marked differences in solute chemistry between HB and WBB groundwaters. Stable isotopic signatures indicate meteoric recharge in the HB in a colder climate, distant from the source of moisture, in comparison to the warm, humid WBB. The major-ion composition of the moderately reducing HB groundwater is dominated by a mixed-ion (Ca-Na-HCO3-Cl) hydrochemical facies with an evolutionary trend along the regional hydraulic gradient. Molar ratios and thermodynamic calculations show that HB groundwater has not been affected by cation exchange, but is dominated by weathering of feldspars (allitization) and equilibrium with gibbsite and anorthite. Mineral weathering and mobilization of As could occur as recharging water flows through fractured, argillaceous, metamorphic or volcanic rocks in the adjoining mountain-front areas, and deposits solutes near the center of the basin. In contrast, WBB groundwater is Ca-HCO3-dominated, indicative of calcite weathering, with some cation exchange and silicate weathering (monosiallitization).
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| 29. |
- Qian, Chaoju, et al.
(författare)
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Population dynamics of Agriophyllum squarrosum, a pioneer annual plant endemic to mobile sand dunes, in response to global climate change
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate change plays an important role in the transition of ecosystems. Stratigraphic investigations have suggested that the Asian interior experienced frequent transitions between grassland and desert ecosystems as a consequence of global climate change. Using maternally and bi-parentally inherited markers, we investigated the population dynamics of Agriophyllum squarrosum (Chenopodiaceae), an annual pioneer plant endemic to mobile sand dunes. Phylogeographic analysis revealed that A. squarrosum could originate from Gurbantunggut desert since similar to 1.6 Ma, and subsequently underwent three waves of colonisation into other deserts and sandy lands corresponding to several glaciations. The rapid population expansion and distribution range shifts of A. squarrosum from monsoonal climate zones suggested that the development of the monsoonal climate significantly enhanced the population growth and gene flow of A. squarrosum. These data also suggested that desertification of the fragile grassland ecosystems in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau was more ancient than previously suggested and will be aggravated under global warming in the future. This study provides new molecular phylogeographic insights into how pioneer annual plant species in desert ecosystems respond to global climate change, and facilitates evaluation of the ecological potential and genetic resources of future crops for non-arable dry lands to mitigate climate change.
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| 30. |
- Shi, Chen, et al.
(författare)
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The Potential of Low Molecular Weight Heparin to Mitigate Cytokine Storm in Severe COVID-19 Patients : A Retrospective Cohort Study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Clinical and Translational Science. - : WILEY. - 1752-8054 .- 1752-8062. ; 13:6, s. 1087-1095
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared its assessment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a global pandemic. However, specific anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) drugs are still under development, and patients are managed by multiple complementary treatments. We performed a retrospective analysis to compare and evaluate the effect of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) treatment on disease progression. For this purpose, the clinical records and laboratory indicators were extracted from electronic medical records of 42 patients with COVID-19 (21 of whom were treated with LMWH, and 21 without LMWH) hospitalized (Union Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology) from February 1 to March 15, 2020. Changes in the percentage of lymphocytes before and after LMWH treatment were significantly different from those in the control group (P = 0.011). Likewise, changes in the levels of D-dimer and fibrinogen degradation products in the LMWH group before and after treatment were significantly different from those in the control group (P = 0.035). Remarkably, IL-6 levels were significantly reduced after LMWH treatment (P = 0.006), indicating that, besides other beneficial properties, LMWH may exert an anti-inflammatory effect and attenuate in part the "cytokine storm" induced by the virus. Our results support the use of LMWH as a potential therapeutic drug for the treatment of COVID-19, paving the way for a subsequent well-controlled clinical study.
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| 31. |
- Shi, Sensen, et al.
(författare)
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Simulation and energetic assessment of the ammonia synthesis loop with ionic liquid-Based ammonia recovery from recycle gas
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Separation and Purification Technology. - : Elsevier. - 1383-5866 .- 1873-3794. ; 301
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ammonia (NH3) synthesis by Haber-Bosch process is recognized as the most important pathway for NH3 production. However, NH3 recovery from recycle gas using conventional condensation separation is still an energy-intensive process. Ionic liquids (ILs) have been proved to be effective solvents for NH3 separation and recovery due to their unique properties. In this work, a novel IL-based ammonia synthesis loop (IL-HB) was proposed, taking the protic IL [Bim][NTf2] as the absorbent to separate and recover NH3 from recycle gas, aiming to reduce the energy consumption and increase the NH3 production capacity of the synthesis tower. Then, a systematic methodology that considers reliable thermodynamic models as well as process simulation and assessment was established to evaluate the feasibility of the IL-HB. Furthermore, two entire processes (ILa-HB and ILb-HB) that integrate the optimal sections of IL-based NH3 recovery from recycle gas with the ammonia synthesis loop as a whole were simulated, taking the conventional Haber-Bosch ammonia synthesis loop (HB) as the benchmark. The simulation results prove great techno-economic potentials of the proposed ILa-HB and ILb-HB. Compared with the HB, the energy consumption and CO2 emissions of ILb-HB can be reduced by 16.01% and 29.44%, respectively, presenting enormous energy-saving and environment-friendly superiority.
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| 32. |
- Shi, Xin, et al.
(författare)
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Program Error Rate-based Wear Leveling for NAND Hash Memory
- 2018
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Ingår i: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2018 DESIGN, AUTOMATION & TEST IN EUROPE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION (DATE). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9783981926309 ; , s. 1241-1246
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wear leveling scheme has became a fundamental issue in the design of Solid State Disk (SSD) based on NAND Flash memory. Existing schemes aim to equalize the number of programming/erase (P/E) cycles and memory raw bit error rates (BER) among all the flash blocks. However, due to fabrication process variation, different blocks of the same flash chip usually have largely different endurance in terns of BER and program error rate (PER). Such conventional design cannot obtain the wear status of flash blocks precisely. This paper proposes PER WE, an efficient PER-based wear leveling scheme that uses PER statistics as the measurement of Hash block wear-out pace, and performs block data swapping to improve the wear leveling efficiency. In our evaluation with four realistic workloads, PER based wear leveling scheme can achieve 17% and 9% variance of program error rate reduction, 8% and 3% program error rate reduction with 5% and 2% system performance degradation when compared to two state-of-the-art wear leveling schemes on average.
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| 33. |
- Shi, Yuechun, et al.
(författare)
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All-optical switching of silicon disk resonator based on photothermal effect in metal-insulator-metal absorber
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Optics Letters. - 0146-9592 .- 1539-4794. ; 39:15, s. 4431-4434
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Efficient narrowband light absorption by a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structure can lead to high-speed light-to-heat conversion at a micro-or nanoscale. Such a MIM structure can serve as a heater for achieving all-optical light control based on the thermo-optical (TO) effect. Here we experimentally fabricated and characterized a novel all-optical switch based on a silicon microdisk integrated with a MIM light absorber. Direct integration of the absorber on top of the microdisk reduces the thermal capacity of the whole device, leading to high-speed TO switching of the microdisk resonance. The measurement result exhibits a rise time of 2.0 mu s and a fall time of 2.6 mu s with switching power as low as 0.5 mW; the product of switching power and response time is only about 1.3 mW.mu s. Since no auxiliary elements are required for the heater, the switch is structurally compact, and its fabrication is rather easy. The device potentially can be deployed for new kinds of all-optical applications.
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| 34. |
- Shi, Yuechun, et al.
(författare)
-
All-optical switching of silicon disk resonator based on photothermal effect in metal–insulator–metal absorber
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Optics Letters. - : Optica Publishing Group. - 0146-9592 .- 1539-4794. ; 39:15, s. 4431-4434
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Efficient narrowband light absorption by a metal–insulator–metal (MIM) structure can lead to high-speed light-to-heat conversion at a micro- or nanoscale. Such a MIM structure can serve as a heater for achieving all-optical light control based on the thermo-optical (TO) effect. Here we experimentally fabricated and characterized a novel all-optical switch based on a silicon microdisk integrated with a MIM light absorber. Direct integration of the absorber on top of the microdisk reduces the thermal capacity of the whole device, leading to high-speed TO switching of the microdisk resonance. The measurement result exhibits a rise time of 2.0 μs and a fall time of 2.6 μs with switching power as low as 0.5 mW; the product of switching power and response time is only about 1.3 mW·μs1.3 mW·μs. Since no auxiliary elements are required for the heater, the switch is structurally compact, and its fabrication is rather easy. The device potentially can be deployed for new kinds of all-optical applications.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Wang, Peng-Fei, et al.
(författare)
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A novel self-refreshable capacitorless DRAM cell and its extended applications
- 2010
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Ingår i: Solid-State Electronics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0038-1101 .- 1879-2405. ; 54:9, s. 985-990
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel DRAM cell based on floating junction gate (FJG) concept is investigated for its extended applications. Compared to the two-transistor floating gate DRAM cell, the new memory cell investigated in the present work has a much simpler configuration with only one transistor. Besides, its write speed is improved by introducing an integrated gated-diode so that state “1” can be self-refreshable. In this paper, the device configuration, the DRAM application feasibility, the self-refreshing ability, and the non-destructive read are explored. In addition, extended applications of the DRAM cell using the FJG concept will be discussed.
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| 37. |
- Wei, Shi-Jie, et al.
(författare)
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Microstructure and magnetocaloric properties of melt-extracted SmGdDyCoAl high-entropy amorphous microwires
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Rare Metals. - : Springer Nature. - 1001-0521 .- 1867-7185. ; 43:3, s. 1234-1242
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a systematic investigation of the microstructure and magnetocaloric properties of melt-extracted Sm20Gd20Dy20Co20Al20 high-entropy microwires. The fabricated wires exhibited an amorphous structure, and the temperature interval of the undercooled liquid Delta T was 45 K. The microwires underwent a second-order magnetic transition from a ferromagnetic to a paramagnetic state near the Curie temperature (T-C=52 K). The maximum magnetic entropy change (-Delta S-M(max)), the relative cooling power and the refrigeration capacity reached 6.34 J.kg(-1).K-1, 422.09 J.kg(-1) and 332.94 J.kg(-1), respectively, under a magnetic field change of 5 T. In addition, the temperature-averaged entropy changes with two temperature lifts (3 and 10 K) were 6.32 and 6.27 J.kg(-1).K-1, respectively. The good magnetocaloric performance highlights the significant potential for the Sm20Gd20Dy20Co20Al20 microwires to be used as magnetic refrigerant materials in low-temperature region applications. This work will serve as a valuable reference for future investigations on low-temperature high-entropy magnetocaloric materials.
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| 38. |
- Wei, Ting, et al.
(författare)
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Developed and developing world responsibilities for historical climate change and CO2 mitigation
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 109:32, s. 12911-12915
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- At the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Conference in Cancun, in November 2010, the Heads of State reached an agreement on the aim of limiting the global temperature rise to 2 degrees C relative to preindustrial levels. They recognized that long-term future warming is primarily constrained by cumulative anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, that deep cuts in global emissions are required, and that action based on equity must be taken to meet this objective. However, negotiations on emission reduction among countries are increasingly fraught with difficulty, partly because of arguments about the responsibility for the ongoing temperature rise. Simulations with two earth-system models (NCAR/CESM and BNU-ESM) demonstrate that developed countries had contributed about 60-80%, developing countries about 20-40%, to the global temperature rise, upper ocean warming, and sea-ice reduction by 2005. Enacting pledges made at Cancun with continuation to 2100 leads to a reduction in global temperature rise relative to business as usual with a 1/3-2/3 (CESM 33-67%, BNU-ESM 35-65%) contribution from developed and developing countries, respectively. To prevent a temperature rise by 2 degrees C or more in 2100, it is necessary to fill the gap with more ambitious mitigation efforts.
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| 39. |
- Weinstein, John N., et al.
(författare)
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The cancer genome atlas pan-cancer analysis project
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 45:10, s. 1113-1120
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Research Network has profiled and analyzed large numbers of human tumors to discover molecular aberrations at the DNA, RNA, protein and epigenetic levels. The resulting rich data provide a major opportunity to develop an integrated picture of commonalities, differences and emergent themes across tumor lineages. The Pan-Cancer initiative compares the first 12 tumor types profiled by TCGA. Analysis of the molecular aberrations and their functional roles across tumor types will teach us how to extend therapies effective in one cancer type to others with a similar genomic profile. © 2013 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Wu, Ya-ting, et al.
(författare)
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Selective and simultaneous determination of trace bisphenol A and tebuconazole in vegetable and juice samples by membrane-based molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction and HPLC
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Food Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-7072 .- 0308-8146. ; 164, s. 527-535
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nanofibrous molecularly imprinted membranes (nano-MIMs) with multi-analyte selectivity were prepared by encapsulating two types of molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles (MIP-NPs) into electrospun polyvinyl alcohol nanofibers. The obtained nano-MIMs maintained high molecular selectivity offered by each of the MIP-NPs. Nano-MIM embedding BPA-imprinted nanoparticles and TBZ-imprinted nanoparticles together showed the highest binding selectivity for acid bisphenol A (BPA) and basic tebuconazole (TBZ). This nano-MIM was used as affinity material of membrane-based molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (m-MISPE) to extract trace BPA and TBZ in vegetables and juices simultaneously. The recoveries of BPA and TBZ from different samples were higher than 70.33% with RSDs lower than 9.57%. m-MISPE gave better HPLC separation efficiencies and higher recoveries than conventional SPE based on C18/SCX. Multi-analyte selective m-MISPE combined with HPLC realized selective and simultaneous determination of several trace analytes with opposite charges/polarities in different food samples. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 42. |
- Xu, Suxian, et al.
(författare)
-
Immobilization of Iron Phthalocyanine on Pyridine-Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes for Efficient Nitrogen Reduction Reaction
- 2022
-
Ingår i: ACS Catalysis. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2155-5435. ; 12:9, s. 5502-5509
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) under mild conditions offers a promising alternative to the traditional Haber-Bosch process in converting abundant nitrogen (N2) to high value-added ammonia (NH3). In this work, iron phthalocyanine (FePc) was homogeneously immobilized on pyridine-functionalized carbon nanotubes to form a well-tuned electrocatalyst with an FeN5 active center (FePc-Py-CNT). Synchrotron X-ray absorption and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy proved the presence of an Fe-N coordination bond between FePc and surface-bound pyridine. The resulting hybrid exhibited notably enhanced electrocatalytic NRR performance compared to FePc immobilized on CNTs based on pi-pi stacking interactions (FePc-CNT), resulting in doubled NH3 yield (21.7 mu g 1 h mgcat-1h-1) and Faradaic efficiency (22.2%). Theoretical calculations revealed that the axial coordination on FePc resulted in partial electron transfer from iron to pyridine, which efficiently suppresses the adsorption of H+ and improves the chemisorption of N2 at Fe sites. Meanwhile, the interfacial electron transfer was facilitated by pyridine as an electron transfer relay between FePc and CNTs. This work provides a unique strategy for the design of highly efficient NRR electrocatalysts at the molecular level.
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| 43. |
- Xu, Suxian, et al.
(författare)
-
Polystyrene spheres-templated mesoporous carbonous frameworks implanted with cobalt nanoparticles for highly efficient electrochemical nitrate reduction to ammonia
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Applied Catalysis B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0926-3373 .- 1873-3883. ; 323
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (eNO3RR) to ammonia (NH3) provides an intriguing approach for both environmental denitrification and sustainable NH3 synthesis. Herein, we report the fabrication of hierarchically mesoporous Co nanoparticles decorated N-doped carbon composites as a highly efficient electrocatalyst for eNO3RR by using monodispersed polystyrene spheres (PS) as sacrificial templates (MR Co-NC). By taking advantage of the large specific area of the pore-rich structures and the high intrinsic activity of metallic Co, the MR Co-NC shows remarkable activity toward eNO3RR, which achieves a partial current density of 268 mA cm-2 with a Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 95.35 +/- 1.75 % and a generation rate of 1.25 +/- 0.023 mmol h-1 cm-2 for NH3 production under the optimal conditions. The porous carbon skeleton was found to play a dual role by simul-taneously protecting the active sites from oxidation and facilitating long-range charge and mass transfer. Theoretical calculations reveal a lower energy barrier of the rate-determining step (*NO2 + H2O + 2e- -> *NO + 2OH-) on the metallic Co of MR Co-NC over beta-Co(OH)2 formed by the reconstruction of carbon-free Co nanoparticles.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Yin, Z., et al.
(författare)
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Dietary diversity and cognitive function among elderly people : A population-based study
- 2017
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Ingår i: The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1279-7707 .- 1760-4788. ; 21:10, s. 1089-1094
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To explore associations of dietary diversity with cognitive function among Chinese elderly. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2011-2012, data were analyzed using multiple linear regression and logistic regression models. community-based setting in the 23 provinces in China. 8,571 elderly participants, including 2984 younger elderly aged 65-79 and 5587 oldest old aged 80+ participated in this study. Intake frequencies of food groups was collected and dietary diversity (DD) was assessed based on the mean of DD score. Cognitive function was assessed using the Chinese version of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and cognitive impairment was defined using education-based cutoffs. Information about socio-demographics, lifestyles, resilience and health status was also collected. Poor dietary diversity was significantly associated with cognitive function, with beta (95% CI) of -0.11(-0.14, -0.08) for - log (31-MMSE score) and odds ratio (95% CI) of 1.29 (1.14, 1.47) for cognitive impairment. Interaction effect of age with DD was observed on cognitive impairment (P interaction=0.018), but not on-log (31-MMSE score) (P interaction=0.08). Further separate analysis showed that poor DD was significantly associated with increased risk of cognitive impairment in the oldest old (p < 0.01), with odds ratio (95% CI) of 1.34 (1.17, 1.54), while not in the younger elderly (p > 0.05), with OR (95% CI) being 1.09 (0.80, 1.47) in the fully adjusted model. Similar results were obtained when DD was categorized into four groups. Poor dietary diversity was associated with worse global cognitive function among Chinese elderly, and particularly for the oldest old. This finding would be very meaningful for prevention of cognitive impairment.
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| 46. |
- You, Henghui, et al.
(författare)
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Novel Strontium/Iron Bimetallic Carbon Composites as Synergistic Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Microbial Fuel Cells
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Electrocatalysis. - : SPRINGER. - 1868-2529 .- 1868-5994. ; 12:6, s. 759-770
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is critical to develop non-noble metal (NNM) electrocatalysts with excellent stability and innovative activity for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in the microbial fuel cells (MFCs), which is a promising energy conversion technology. Herein, the preparation of iron carbide electrocatalysts (SrCO3/Fe3C) by the pyrolysis of a bimetal precursor (Sr and Fe) is proposed as a feasible strategy to realize a highly active electrocatalyst for ORR. Based on the catalytic potential of Sr-based materials, Fe species doping can provide more beneficial active sites for ORR. Concisely, the SrCO3/Fe3C(1:12) catalyst achieves the onset potential of 0.197 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) superior than Pt/C catalyst (0.193 V vs. Ag/AgCl) and the half-wave potential of -0.157 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) in 0.1-M KOH solution. Furthermore, the electrocatalyst exhibits nearly four-electron pathway, and generates less than 3% H2O2. Compared with Pt/C catalyst, it possesses preferable stability and superior methanol tolerance. Moreover, a composite electrode with SrCO3/Fe3C(1:12) as a catalyst on the carbon cloth demonstrated a superb air cathode in MFCs with a power density of 398.98 mW m(-2), which can outperform than 10 wt% Pt/C catalysts (342.13 mW m(-2)) on MFCs.
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| 47. |
- Zhang, Chi, et al.
(författare)
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The Energetic Oxygen Ion Beams in the Martian Magnetotail Current Sheets : Hints From the Comparisons Between Two Types of Current Sheets
- 2024
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Ingår i: Geophysical Research Letters. - : American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 0094-8276 .- 1944-8007. ; 51:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using data from the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) mission, we explore the plasma properties of Martian magnetotail current sheets (CS), to further understand the solar wind interaction with Mars and ion escape. There are some CS exhibit energetic oxygen ions that show narrow beam structures in the energy spectrum, which primarily occurs in the hemisphere where the solar wind electric field (Esw) is directed away from the planet. On average, these CS have a higher escaping flux than that of the CS without energetic oxygen ion beams, suggesting different roles in ion escape. The CS with energetic oxygen ion beams exhibits different proton and electron properties to the CS without energetic oxygen ion beams, indicating their different origins. Our analysis suggests that the CS with energetic oxygen ion beams may result from the interaction between the penetrated solar wind and localized oxygen ion plumes.
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| 48. |
- Zhang, Fei, et al.
(författare)
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Perivascular macrophage-like melanocyte responsiveness to acoustic trauma--a salient feature of strial barrier associated hearing loss
- 2013
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Ingår i: The FASEB Journal. - : Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. - 0892-6638 .- 1530-6860. ; 27:9, s. 3730-3740
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tissue perivascular resident macrophages (PVM/Ms), a hybrid cell type with characteristics of both macrophages and melanocytes, are critical for establishing and maintaining the endocochlear potential (EP) required for hearing. The PVM/Ms modulate expression of tight- and adherens-junction proteins in the endothelial barrier of the stria vascularis (intrastrial fluid-blood barrier) through secretion of a signaling molecule, pigment epithelium growth factor (PEDF). Here, we identify a significant link between abnormalities in PVM/Ms and endothelial barrier breakdown from acoustic trauma to the mouse ear. We find that acoustic trauma causes activation of PVM/Ms and physical detachment from capillary walls. Concurrent with the detachment, we find loosened tight junctions between endothelial cells and decreased production of tight- and adherens-junction protein, resulting in leakage of serum proteins from the damaged barrier. A key factor in the intrastrial fluid-blood barrier hyperpermeability exhibited in the mice is down-regulation of PVM/M modulated PEDF production. We demonstrate that delivery of PEDF to the damaged ear ameliorates hearing loss by restoring intrastrial fluid-blood barrier integrity. PEDF up-regulates expression of tight junction-associated proteins (ZO-1 and VE-cadherin) and PVM/M stabilizing neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM-120). These studies point to the critical role PVM/Ms play in regulating intrastrial fluid-blood barrier integrity in healthy and noise-damaged ears.
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