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| 4. |
- Reifarth, R., et al.
(författare)
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Nuclear astrophysics with radioactive ions at FAIR
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics: Conference Series. - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6588 .- 1742-6596. ; 665:1
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The nucleosynthesis of elements beyond iron is dominated by neutron captures in the s and r processes. However, 32 stable, proton-rich isotopes cannot be formed during those processes, because they are shielded from the s-process flow and r-process beta-decay chains. These nuclei are attributed to the p and rp process. For all those processes, current research in nuclear astrophysics addresses the need for more precise reaction data involving radioactive isotopes. Depending on the particular reaction, direct or inverse kinematics, forward or time-reversed direction are investigated to determine or at least to constrain the desired reaction cross sections. The Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) will offer unique, unprecedented opportunities to investigate many of the important reactions. The high yield of radioactive isotopes, even far away from the valley of stability, allows the investigation of isotopes involved in processes as exotic as the r or rp processes.
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| 5. |
- Fountoulakis, K.N., et al.
(författare)
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Modeling psychological function in patients with schizophrenia with the PANSS : An international multi-center study
- 2021
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Ingår i: CNS Spectrums. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1092-8529 .- 2165-6509. ; 26:3, s. 290-298
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background.The aim of the current study was to explore the changing interrelationships among clinical variables through the stages of schizophrenia in order to assemble a comprehensive and meaningful disease model.Methods.Twenty-nine centers from 25 countries participated and included 2358 patients aged 37.21 ± 11.87 years with schizophrenia. Multiple linear regression analysis and visual inspection of plots were performed.Results.The results suggest that with progression stages, there are changing correlations among Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale factors at each stage and each factor correlates with all the others in that particular stage, in which this factor is dominant. This internal structure further supports the validity of an already proposed four stages model, with positive symptoms dominating the first stage, excitement/hostility the second, depression the third, and neurocognitive decline the last stage.Conclusions.The current study investigated the mental organization and functioning in patients with schizophrenia in relation to different stages of illness progression. It revealed two distinct “cores” of schizophrenia, the “Positive” and the “Negative,” while neurocognitive decline escalates during the later stages. Future research should focus on the therapeutic implications of such a model. Stopping the progress of the illness could demand to stop the succession of stages. This could be achieved not only by both halting the triggering effect of positive and negative symptoms, but also by stopping the sensitization effect on the neural pathways responsible for the development of hostility, excitement, anxiety, and depression as well as the deleterious effect on neural networks responsible for neurocognition.
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| 7. |
- Chatterjee, A., et al.
(författare)
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1n and 2n transfer with the borromean nucleus He-6 near the Coulomb barrier
- 2008
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 101:3, s. 032701-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Angular distributions for In and 2n transfer are reported for the He-6 + Cu-65 system at E-lab = 22.6 MeV. For the first time, triple coincidences between a particles, neutrons, and characteristic gamma rays from the targetlike residues were used to separate the contributions arising from In and 2n transfer. The differential cross sections for these channels, elastic scattering, and fusion were analyzed using a coupled reaction channels approach. The large measured ratio of the 2n-to-1n cross section and the strong influence of 2n transfer on other channels indicate that the dineutron configuration of He-6 plays a dominant role in the reaction mechanism.
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| 8. |
- Lemasson, A., et al.
(författare)
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Pair and single neutron transfer with Borromean He-8
- 2011
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Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 697:5, s. 454-458
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Direct observation of the survival of Au-199 residues after 2n transfer in the He-8 + Au-197 system and the absence of the corresponding Cu-67 in the He-8 + Cu-65 system at various energies are reported. The measurements of the surprisingly large cross sections for Au-199, coupled with the integral cross sections for the various Au residues, is used to obtain the first model-independent lower limits on the ratio of 2n to in transfer cross sections from He-8 to a heavy target. A comparison of the transfer cross sections for He-6.8 on these targets highlights the differences in the interactions of these Borromean nuclei. These measurements for the most neutron-rich nuclei on different targets highlight the need to probe the reaction mechanism with various targets and represent an experimental advance towards understanding specific features of pairing in the dynamics of dilute nuclear systems.
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| 9. |
- Lemasson, A., et al.
(författare)
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Reactions with the double-Borromean nucleus 8He
- 2010
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Ingår i: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 82:4, s. 044617-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Differential cross sections for elastic-scattering and neutron-transfer reactions along with cross sections for fusion in the He-8+Cu-65 system are reported at energies above the Coulomb barrier (E-lab = 19.9 and 30.6 MeV). The present work demonstrates the feasibility of using inclusive measurements of characteristic in-beam gamma rays with low-intensity (similar to 10(5) pps) radioactive ion beams to obtain the residue cross sections for fusion and neutron transfer. Exclusive measurements of gamma rays in coincidence with light charged particles have been used to further characterize the direct reactions induced by this double-Borromean nucleus. Coupled reaction channels calculations are used to illustrate the important role played by the transfer channels and to help in understanding the influence of the structure of He-8 on the reaction mechanism.
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| 10. |
- Rodriguez-Tajes, C., et al.
(författare)
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Isotopic distributions of fission fragments from transfer-induced fission
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physics Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1875-3884 .- 1875-3892. ; 47, s. 125-130
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fissioning systems from U to Cm as well as 250Cf were produced by 238U+12C transfer and fusion reactions. The detection of the target-like transfer partner made the characterization of the fissioning systems in (Z, A) and excitation energy possible. The isotopic identification of the fission fragments was achieved by using the VAMOS spectrometer combined to with reactions in inverse kinematics. Results regarding the populated transfer channels and excitation of the target-like transfer partner are presented, as well as the 240Pu fission probability. Isotopic yields of the fission-fragments for 240,*241Pu and 250Cf, having excitation energies of about 10 and 45 MeV, respectively, are discussed.
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| 11. |
- Shahcheraghi, Seyed Hossein, et al.
(författare)
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Overview of key molecular and pharmacological targets for diabetes and associated diseases
- 2021
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Ingår i: Life Sciences. - : Elsevier. - 0024-3205 .- 1879-0631. ; 278
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Diabetes epidemiological quantities are demonstrating one of the most important communities' health worries. The essential diabetic difficulties are including cardiomyopathy, nephropathy, inflammation, and retinopathy. Despite developments in glucose decreasing treatments and drugs, these diabetic complications are still ineffectively reversed or prohibited. Several signaling and molecular pathways are vital targets in the new therapies of diabetes. This review assesses the newest researches about the key molecules and signaling pathways as targets of molecular pharmacology in diabetes and diseases related to it for better treatment based on molecular sciences. The disease is not cured by current pharmacological strategies for type 2 diabetes. While several drug combinations are accessible that can efficiently modulate glycemia and mitigate long-term complications, these agents do not reverse pathogenesis, and in practice, they are not established to modify the patient's specific molecular profiling. Therapeutic companies have benefited from human genetics. Genome exploration, which is agnostic to the information that exists, has revealed tens of loci that impact glycemic modulation. The physiological report has begun to examine subtypes of diseases, illustrate heterogeneity and propose biochemical therapeutic pathways.
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| 12. |
- Broman, David, et al.
(författare)
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Precision Timed Infrastructure : Design Challenges
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Electronic System Level Synthesis Conference (ESLsyn). - : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9781467364140
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In general-purpose software applications, computation time is just a quality factor: faster is better. In cyber-physical systems (CPS), however, computation time is a correctness factor: missed deadlines for hard real-time applications, such as avionics and automobiles, can result in devastating, life-threatening consequences. Although many modern modeling languages for CPS include the notion of time, implementation languages such as C lack any temporal semantics. Consequently, models and programs for CPS are neither portable nor guaranteed to execute correctly on the real system; timing is merely a side effect of the realization of a software system on a specific hardware platform. In this position paper, we present the research initiative for a precision timed (PRET) infrastructure, consisting of languages, compilers, and microarchitectures, where timing is a correctness factor. In particular, the timing semantics in models and programs must be preserved during compilation to ensure that the behavior of real systems complies with models. We also outline new research and design challenges present in such an infrastructure.
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| 18. |
- Shrivastava, Garima, et al.
(författare)
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Targeting LIN28 : a new hope in prostate cancer theranostics
- 2021
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Ingår i: Future Oncology. - : Future Medicine. - 1479-6694 .- 1744-8301. ; 17:29, s. 3873-3880
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mortality and morbidity rates for prostate cancer have recently increased to alarming levels, rising higher than lung cancer. Due to a lack of drug targets and molecular probes, existing theranostic techniques are limited. Human LIN28A and its paralog LIN28B overexpression are associated with a number of tumors resulting in a remarkable increase in cancer aggression and poor prognoses. The current review aims to highlight recent work identifying the key roles of LIN28A and LIN28B in prostate cancer, and to instigate further preclinical and clinical research in this important area.
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| 19. |
- Shrivastava, Manish, et al.
(författare)
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Recent advances in understanding secondary organic aerosol : Implications for global climate forcing
- 2017
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Ingår i: Reviews of Geophysics. - 8755-1209. ; 55:2, s. 509-559
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anthropogenic emissions and land use changes have modified atmospheric aerosol concentrations and size distributions over time. Understanding preindustrial conditions and changes in organic aerosol due to anthropogenic activities is important because these features (1) influence estimates of aerosol radiative forcing and (2) can confound estimates of the historical response of climate to increases in greenhouse gases. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA), formed in the atmosphere by oxidation of organic gases, represents a major fraction of global submicron-sized atmospheric organic aerosol. Over the past decade, significant advances in understanding SOA properties and formation mechanisms have occurred through measurements, yet current climate models typically do not comprehensively include all important processes. This review summarizes some of the important developments during the past decade in understanding SOA formation. We highlight the importance of some processes that influence the growth of SOA particles to sizes relevant for clouds and radiative forcing, including formation of extremely low volatility organics in the gas phase, acid-catalyzed multiphase chemistry of isoprene epoxydiols, particle-phase oligomerization, and physical properties such as volatility and viscosity. Several SOA processes highlighted in this review are complex and interdependent and have nonlinear effects on the properties, formation, and evolution of SOA. Current global models neglect this complexity and nonlinearity and thus are less likely to accurately predict the climate forcing of SOA and project future climate sensitivity to greenhouse gases. Efforts are also needed to rank the most influential processes and nonlinear process-related interactions, so that these processes can be accurately represented in atmospheric chemistry-climate models.
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| 20. |
- Berg, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Perceived usefulness of trauma audit filters in urban India: a mixed-methods multicentre Delphi study comparing filters from the WHO and low and middle-income countries
- 2022
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Ingår i: Bmj Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 12:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To compare experts' perceived usefulness of audit filters from Ghana, Cameroon, WHO and those locally developed; generate context-appropriate audit filters for trauma care in selected hospitals in urban India; and explore characteristics of audit filters that correlate to perceived usefulness. Design A mixed-methods approach using a multicentre online Delphi technique. Setting Two large tertiary hospitals in urban India. Methods Filters were rated on a scale from 1 to 10 in terms of perceived usefulness, with the option to add new filters and comments. The filters were categorised into three groups depending on their origin: low and middle-income countries (LMIC), WHO and New (locally developed), and their scores compared. Significance was determined using Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Wilcoxon rank-sum test. We performed a content analysis of the comments. Results 26 predefined and 15 new filter suggestions were evaluated. The filters had high usefulness scores (mean overall score 9.01 of 10), with the LMIC filters having significantly higher scores compared with those from WHO and those newly added. Three themes were identified in the content analysis relating to medical relevance, feasibility and specificity. Conclusions Audit filters from other LMICs were deemed highly useful in the urban India context. This may indicate that the transferability of defined trauma audit filters between similar contexts is high and that these can provide a starting point when implemented as part of trauma quality improvement programmes in low-resource settings.
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| 21. |
- Fischer, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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How Should Support for Climate-Friendly Technologies Be Designed?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 41:1, s. 33-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stabilizing global greenhouse gas concentrations at levels to avoid significant climate risks will require massive ‘‘decarbonization’’ of all the major economies over the next few decades, in addition to the reduced emissions from other GHGs and carbon sequestration. Achieving the necessary scale of emissions reductions will require a multifaceted policy effort to support a broad array of technological and behavioral changes. Change on this scale will require sound, well-thought-out strategies. In this article, we outline some core principles, drawn from recent social science research, for guiding the design of clean technology policies, with a focus on energy. The market should be encouraged to make good choices: pricing carbon emissions and other environmental damage, removing distorting subsidies and barriers to competition, and supporting RD&D broadly. More specific policies are required to address particular market failures and barriers. For those technologies identified as being particularly
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| 22. |
- Kim, Hokeun, et al.
(författare)
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A Predictable and Command- Level Priority-Based DRAM Controller for Mixed-Criticality Systems
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 21th IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS). - : IEEE Press. - 9781479986033 ; , s. 317-326
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mixed-criticality systems have tasks with different criticality levels running on the same hardware platform. Today's DRAM controllers cannot adequately satisfy the often conflicting requirements of tightly bounded worst-case latency for critical tasks and high performance for non-critical real-time tasks. We propose a DRAM memory controller that meets these requirements by using bank-aware address mapping and DRAM command-level priority-based scheduling with preemption. Many standard DRAM controllers can be extended with our approach, incurring no performance penalty when critical tasks are not generating DRAM requests. Our approach is evaluated by replaying memory traces obtained from executing benchmarks on an ARM ISA-based processor with caches, which is simulated on the gem5 architecture simulator. We compare our approach against previous TDM-based approaches, showing that our proposed memory controller achieves dramatically higher performance for non-critical tasks, without any significant impact on the worstcase latency of critical tasks.
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| 23. |
- Kim, Y., et al.
(författare)
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Wcet-aware function-level dynamic code management on Scratchpad memory
- 2017
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Ingår i: ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems. - : Association for Computing Machinery. - 1539-9087 .- 1558-3465. ; 16:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scratchpad memory (SPM) is a promising on-chip memory choice in real-time and cyber-physical systems where timing is of the utmost importance. SPM has time-predictable characteristics since its data movement between the SPM and the main memory is entirely managed by software. One way of such management is dynamic management. In dynamic management of instruction SPMs, code blocks are dynamically copied from the main memory to the SPM at runtime by executing direct memory access (DMA) instructions. Code management techniques try to minimize the overhead of DMA operations by finding an allocation scheme that leads to efficient utilization. In this article, we present three function-level code management techniques. These techniques perform allocation at the granularity of functions, with the objective of minimizing the impact of DMA overhead to the worst-case execution time (WCET) of a given program. The first technique finds an optimal mapping of each function to a region using integer linear programming (ILP), whereas the second technique is a polynomial-time heuristic that is suboptimal. The third technique maps functions directly to SPM addresses, not using regions, which can further reduce the WCET. Based on ILP, it can also find an optimal mapping. We evaluate our techniques using the Mälardalen WCET suite, MiBench suite, and proprietary automotive applications from industry. The results show that our techniques can significantly reduce the WCET estimates compared to caches with the state-of-the-art cache analysis.
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| 24. |
- Paolini, Lucia, et al.
(författare)
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Large-scale production of extracellular vesicles: Report on the “massivEVs” ISEV workshop
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Extracellular Biology. - : Wiley. - 2768-2811. ; 1:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Extracellular vesicles (EVs) large-scale production is a crucial point for the translation of EVs from discovery to application of EV-based products. In October 2021, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV), along with support by the FET-OPEN projects, “The Extracellular Vesicle Foundry” (evFOUNDRY) and “Extracellular vesicles from a natural source for tailor-made nanomaterials” (VES4US), organized a workshop entitled “massivEVs” to discuss the potential challenges for translation of EV-based products. This report gives an overview of the topics discussed during “massivEVs”, the most important points raised, and the points of consensus reached after discussion among academia and industry representatives. Overall, the review of the existing EV manufacturing, upscaling challenges and directions for their resolution highlighted in the workshop painted an optimistic future for the expanding EV field.
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