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Sökning: WFRF:(Siegbahn H)

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1.
  • Do, Ron, et al. (författare)
  • Common variants associated with plasma triglycerides and risk for coronary artery disease
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 45:11, s. 1345-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Triglycerides are transported in plasma by specific triglyceride-rich lipoproteins; in epidemiological studies, increased triglyceride levels correlate with higher risk for coronary artery disease (CAD). However, it is unclear whether this association reflects causal processes. We used 185 common variants recently mapped for plasma lipids (P < 5 x 10(-8) for each) to examine the role of triglycerides in risk for CAD. First, we highlight loci associated with both low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride levels, and we show that the direction and magnitude of the associations with both traits are factors in determining CAD risk. Second, we consider loci with only a strong association with triglycerides and show that these loci are also associated with CAD. Finally, in a model accounting for effects on LDL-C and/or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, the strength of a polymorphism's effect on triglyceride levels is correlated with the magnitude of its effect on CAD risk. These results suggest that triglyceride-rich lipoproteins causally influence risk for CAD.
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  • Willer, Cristen J., et al. (författare)
  • Discovery and refinement of loci associated with lipid levels
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 45:11, s. 1274-1283
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides and total cholesterol are heritable, modifiable risk factors for coronary artery disease. To identify new loci and refine known loci influencing these lipids, we examined 188,577 individuals using genome-wide and custom genotyping arrays. We identify and annotate 157 loci associated with lipid levels at P < 5 x 10(-8), including 62 loci not previously associated with lipid levels in humans. Using dense genotyping in individuals of European, East Asian, South Asian and African ancestry, we narrow association signals in 12 loci. We find that loci associated with blood lipid levels are often associated with cardiovascular and metabolic traits, including coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes, blood pressure, waist-hip ratio and body mass index. Our results demonstrate the value of using genetic data from individuals of diverse ancestry and provide insights into the biological mechanisms regulating blood lipids to guide future genetic, biological and therapeutic research.
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  • d'Alessandro, Elisa, et al. (författare)
  • Thrombo-Inflammation in Cardiovascular Disease : An Expert Consensus Document from the Third Maastricht Consensus Conference on Thrombosis
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Thrombosis and Haemostasis. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 0340-6245 .- 2567-689X. ; 120:4, s. 538-564
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Thrombo-inflammation describes the complex interplay between blood coagulation and inflammation that plays a critical role in cardiovascular diseases. The third Maastricht Consensus Conference on Thrombosis assembled basic, translational, and clinical scientists to discuss the origin and potential consequences of thrombo-inflammation in the etiology, diagnostics, and management of patients with cardiovascular disease, including myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral artery disease. This article presents a state-of-the-art reflection of expert opinions and consensus recommendations regarding the following topics: (1) challenges of the endothelial cell barrier; (2) circulating cells and thrombo-inflammation, focused on platelets, neutrophils, and neutrophil extracellular traps; (3) procoagulant mechanisms; (4) arterial vascular changes in atherogenesis; attenuating atherosclerosis and ischemia/reperfusion injury; (5) management of patients with arterial vascular disease; and (6) pathogenesis of venous thrombosis and late consequences of venous thromboembolism.
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  • Patel, Riyaz S., et al. (författare)
  • Subsequent Event Risk in Individuals With Established Coronary Heart Disease : Design and Rationale of the GENIUS-CHD Consortium
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Circulation. - 2574-8300. ; 12:4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: The Genetics of Subsequent Coronary Heart Disease (GENIUS-CHD) consortium was established to facilitate discovery and validation of genetic variants and biomarkers for risk of subsequent CHD events, in individuals with established CHD.METHODS: The consortium currently includes 57 studies from 18 countries, recruiting 185 614 participants with either acute coronary syndrome, stable CHD, or a mixture of both at baseline. All studies collected biological samples and followed-up study participants prospectively for subsequent events.RESULTS: Enrollment into the individual studies took place between 1985 to present day with a duration of follow-up ranging from 9 months to 15 years. Within each study, participants with CHD are predominantly of self-reported European descent (38%-100%), mostly male (44%-91%) with mean ages at recruitment ranging from 40 to 75 years. Initial feasibility analyses, using a federated analysis approach, yielded expected associations between age (hazard ratio, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.14-1.16) per 5-year increase, male sex (hazard ratio, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.13-1.21) and smoking (hazard ratio, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.35-1.51) with risk of subsequent CHD death or myocardial infarction and differing associations with other individual and composite cardiovascular endpoints.CONCLUSIONS: GENIUS-CHD is a global collaboration seeking to elucidate genetic and nongenetic determinants of subsequent event risk in individuals with established CHD, to improve residual risk prediction and identify novel drug targets for secondary prevention. Initial analyses demonstrate the feasibility and reliability of a federated analysis approach. The consortium now plans to initiate and test novel hypotheses as well as supporting replication and validation analyses for other investigators.
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  • Nelson, C. P., et al. (författare)
  • Genetically Determined Height and Coronary Artery Disease
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 372:17, s. 1608-1618
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND The nature and underlying mechanisms of an inverse association between adult height and the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) are unclear.METHODS We used a genetic approach to investigate the association between height and CAD, using 180 height-associated genetic variants. We tested the association between a change in genetically determined height of 1 SD (6.5 cm) with the risk of CAD in 65,066 cases and 128,383 controls. Using individual-level genotype data from 18,249 persons, we also examined the risk of CAD associated with the presence of various numbers of height-associated alleles. To identify putative mechanisms, we analyzed whether genetically determined height was associated with known cardiovascular risk factors and performed a pathway analysis of the height-associated genes.RESULTS We observed a relative increase of 13.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.4 to 22.1; P<0.001) in the risk of CAD per 1-SD decrease in genetically determined height. There was a graded relationship between the presence of an increased number of height-raising variants and a reduced risk of CAD (odds ratio for height quar-tile 4 versus quartile 1, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.68 to 0.84; P<0.001). Of the 12 risk factors that we studied, we observed significant associations only with levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides (accounting for approximately 30% of the association). We identified several overlapping pathways involving genes associated with both development and atherosclerosis.CONCLUSIONS There is a primary association between a genetically determined shorter height and an increased risk of CAD, a link that is partly explained by the association between shorter height and an adverse lipid profile. Shared biologic processes that determine achieved height and the development of atherosclerosis may explain some of the association.
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  • Patel, Riyaz S., et al. (författare)
  • Association of Chromosome 9p21 With Subsequent Coronary Heart Disease Events : A GENIUS-CHD Study of Individual Participant Data
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Circulation. - 2574-8300. ; 12:4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Genetic variation at chromosome 9p21 is a recognized risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). However, its effect on disease progression and subsequent events is unclear, raising questions about its value for stratification of residual risk.METHODS: A variant at chromosome 9p21 (rs1333049) was tested for association with subsequent events during follow-up in 103 357 Europeans with established CHD at baseline from the GENIUS-CHD (Genetics of Subsequent Coronary Heart Disease) Consortium (73.1% male, mean age 62.9 years). The primary outcome, subsequent CHD death or myocardial infarction (CHD death/myocardial infarction), occurred in 13 040 of the 93 115 participants with available outcome data. Effect estimates were compared with case/control risk obtained from the CARDIoGRAMplusC4D consortium (Coronary Artery Disease Genome-wide Replication and Meta-analysis [CARDIoGRAM] plus The Coronary Artery Disease [C4D] Genetics) including 47 222 CHD cases and 122 264 controls free of CHD.RESULTS: Meta-analyses revealed no significant association between chromosome 9p21 and the primary outcome of CHD death/myocardial infarction among those with established CHD at baseline (GENIUSCHD odds ratio, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.99-1.05). This contrasted with a strong association in CARDIoGRAMPlusC4D odds ratio 1.20; 95% CI, 1.18-1.22; P for interaction < 0.001 compared with the GENIUS-CHD estimate. Similarly, no clear associations were identified for additional subsequent outcomes, including all-cause death, although we found a modest positive association between chromosome 9p21 and subsequent revascularization (odds ratio, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.04-1.09).CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to studies comparing individuals with CHD to disease-free controls, we found no clear association between genetic variation at chromosome 9p21 and risk of subsequent acute CHD events when all individuals had CHD at baseline. However, the association with subsequent revascularization may support the postulated mechanism of chromosome 9p21 for promoting atheroma development.
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  • De Caterina, R, et al. (författare)
  • General mechanisms of coagulation and targets of anticoagulants (Section I) : Position Paper of the ESC Working Group on Thrombosis - Task Force on Anticoagulants in Heart Disease
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Thrombosis and Haemostasis. - 0340-6245 .- 2567-689X. ; 109:4, s. 569-579
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Contrary to previous models based on plasma, coagulation processes are currently believed to be mostly cell surface-based, including three overlapping phases: initiation, when tissue factor-expressing cells and microparticles are exposed to plasma; amplification, whereby small amounts of thrombin induce platelet activation and aggregation, and promote activation of factors (F)V, FVIII and FXI on platelet surfaces; and propagation, in which the Xase (tenase) and prothrombinase complexes are formed, producing a burst of thrombin and the cleavage of fibrinogen to fibrin. Thrombin exerts a number of additional biological actions, including platelet activation, amplification and self-inhibition of coagulation, clot stabilisation and anti-fibrinolysis, in processes occurring in the proximity of vessel injury, tightly regulated by a series of inhibitory mechanisms. "Classical" anticoagulants, including heparin and vitamin K antagonists, typically target multiple coagulation steps. A number of new anticoagulants, already developed or under development, target specific steps in the process, inhibiting a single coagulation factor or mimicking natural coagulation inhibitors.
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  • Lindström, H, et al. (författare)
  • Redox properties of nanoporous TiO2 (anatase) surface modified with phosphotungstic acid
  • 1998
  • Ingår i: THIN SOLID FILMS. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA. - 0040-6090. ; 323:1-2, s. 141-145
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Nanostructured anatase TiO2 electrodes surface modified with inorganic metal oxide clusters, i.e., phosphotungstic acid (PWA), was studied by XPS and spectroelectrochemistry. The surface modifiers were electroactive and could be addressed reversibly by ch
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  • Södergren, S, et al. (författare)
  • Lithium intercalation in nanoporous anatase TiO2 studied with XPS
  • 1997
  • Ingår i: JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 1089-5647. ; 101:16, s. 3087-3090
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Intercalation of lithium ions in nanoporous anatase TiO2 was studied with XPS using a novel electrochemical preparation technique. The electrolyte was 0.5 M LiClO4 in acetonitrile (not water-free). The electrochemical insertion of lithium ions creates red
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  • Alfredsson, Y., et al. (författare)
  • Electronic structure of TiOPc thin film on conducting glass studied by means of X-ray and photoelectron spectroscopies
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena. - : Elsevier BV. - 0368-2048 .- 1873-2526. ; 174:1-3, s. 50-54
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Thin films of TiOPc have been investigated using photoelectron   spectroscopy (PES) and X-ray spectroscopy (XAS). The results are   interpreted in terms of the local geometry around the metal center both   with regard to bonding and crystal field symmetry. Core and valence PES   have been found to be in accordance with the structural characteristics   of the TiOPc molecule. For resonant PES at the N1s and Ti2p edges,   information on the local electronic structure of the occupied molecular   orbitals has been obtained. Ti2p XAS was interpreted in terms of   five-fold coordination around the titanium atom for TiOPc of C-4V   symmetry. Angle-resolved N1s XAS suggests the molecular planes to order   preferentially parallel to the sample surface plane.
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  • Guo, J. H., et al. (författare)
  • X-ray emission spectroscopy of hydrogen bonding and electronic structure of liquid water
  • 2002
  • Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 89:13
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We use x-ray emission spectroscopy to examine the influence of the intermolecular interaction on the local electronic structure of liquid water. By comparing x-ray emission spectra of the water molecule and liquid water, we find a strong involvement of the a(1)-symmetry valence-orbital in the hydrogen bonding. The local electronic structure of water molecules, where one hydrogen bond is broken at the hydrogen site, is separately determined. Our results provide an illustration of the important potential of x-ray emission spectroscopy for elucidating basic features of liquids.
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  • Hijazi, Ziad, et al. (författare)
  • Association of Different Estimates of Renal Function With Cardiovascular Mortality and Bleeding in Atrial Fibrillation
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Journal of the American Heart Association. - : WILEY. - 2047-9980. ; 9:18
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background We compared different methods of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and their association with cardiovascular death and major bleeding in 14 980 patients with atrial fibrillation in the ARISTOTLE (Apixaban for Reduction in Stroke and Other Thromboembolic Events in Atrial Fibrillation) trial. Methods and Results eGFR was calculated using equations based on creatinine (Cockcroft-Gault, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease, and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration [CKD-EPI]) and/or cystatin C (CKD-EPI(CysC)and CKD-EPICysC+Creatinine). These 5 eGFR equations, as well as the individual variables that are used in these equations, were assessed for correlation and discriminatory ability for cardiovascular death and major bleeding. The median age was 70.0 years, and 35.6% were women. The median eGFR was highest with Cockcroft-Gault (74.1 mL/min) and CKD-EPICysC(74.2 mL/min), and lowest with Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (66.5 mL/min). Correlation between methods ranged from 0.49 (Cockroft-Gault and CKD-EPICysC) to 0.99 (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease and CKD-EPI). Among the eGFR equations, those based on cystatin C yielded the highest C indices for cardiovascular death and major bleeding: 0.628 (CKD-EPICysC) and 0.612 (CKD-EPICysC+Creatinine), respectively. A model based on the variables within the different eGFR equations (age, sex, weight, creatinine, and cystatin C) yielded the highest discriminatory value for both outcomes, with a C index of 0.673 and 0.656, respectively. Conclusions In patients with atrial fibrillation on anticoagulation, correlation between eGFR calculated using different methods varied substantially. Cystatin C-based eGFRs seem to provide the most robust information for predicting death and bleeding. A model based on the individual variables within the eGFR equations, however, provided the highest discriminatory value. Our findings may help refine risk stratification in patients with atrial fibrillation and define how renal function should be determined in future atrial fibrillation studies.
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  • Hijazi, Ziad, et al. (författare)
  • Efficacy and Safety of Apixaban Compared With Warfarin in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation in Relation to Renal Function Over Time : Insights From the ARISTOTLE Randomized Clinical Trial
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: JAMA cardiology. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2380-6583 .- 2380-6591. ; 1:4, s. 451-460
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • IMPORTANCE:Renal impairment confers an increased risk of stroke, bleeding, and death in patients with atrial fibrillation. Little is known about the efficacy and safety of apixaban in relation to renal function changes over time.OBJECTIVES:To evaluate changes of renal function over time and their interactions with outcomes during a median of 1.8 years of follow-up in patients with atrial fibrillation randomized to apixaban vs warfarin treatment.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS:The prospective, randomized, double-blind Apixaban for Reduction in Stroke and Other Thromboembolic Events in Atrial Fibrillation (ARISTOTLE) clinical trial randomized 18 201 patients with atrial fibrillation to apixaban or warfarin. Serial creatinine measurements were available in 16 869 patients. Worsening of renal function was defined as an annual decrease in estimated glomerular filtration more than 20%. The relations between treatment, outcomes, and renal function were investigated using Cox regression models, with renal function as a time-dependent covariate.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES:Stroke or systemic embolism (primary outcome), major bleeding (safety outcome), and mortality were examined in relation to renal function over time estimated with both the Cockcroft-Gault and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equations.RESULTS:Among 16 869 patients, the median age was 70 years and 65.2% of patients were men. Worsening in estimated glomerular filtration more than 20% was observed in 2294 patients (13.6%) and was associated with older age and more cardiovascular comorbidities. The risks of stroke or systemic embolism, major bleeding, and mortality were higher in patients with worsening renal function (HR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.17-2.01 for stroke or systemic embolism; HR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.27-1.93 for major bleeding; and HR, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.98-2.68 for mortality). The beneficial effects of apixaban vs warfarin on rates of stroke or systemic embolism and major bleeding were consistent in patients with normal or poor renal function over time and also in those with worsening renal function.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE:In patients with atrial fibrillation, declining renal function was more common in elderly patients and those with cardiovascular comorbidities. Worsening renal function was associated with a higher risk of subsequent cardiovascular events and bleeding. The superior efficacy and safety of apixaban as compared with warfarin were similar in patients with normal, poor, and worsening renal function.TRIAL REGISTRATION:clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00412984.
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  • Hijazi, Ziad, et al. (författare)
  • The ABC (age, biomarkers, clinical history) stroke risk score : a biomarker-based risk score for predicting stroke in atrial fibrillation
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: European Heart Journal. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645. ; 37:20, s. 1582-1590
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Aims: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with an increased risk of stroke, which is currently estimated by clinical characteristics. The cardiac biomarkers N-terminal fragment B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and cardiac troponin high-sensitivity (cTn-hs) are independently associated with risk of stroke in AF. Our objective was to develop and validate a new biomarker-based risk score to improve prognostication of stroke in patients with AF.Methods: and results A new risk score was developed and internally validated in 14 701 patients with AF and biomarkers levels determined at baseline, median follow-up of 1.9 years. Biomarkers and clinical variables significantly contributing to predicting stroke or systemic embolism were assessed by Cox-regression and each variable obtained a weight proportional to the model coefficients. External validation was performed in 1400 patients with AF, median follow-up of 3.4 years. The most important predictors were prior stroke/transient ischaemic attack, NT-proBNP, cTn-hs, and age, which were included in the ABC (Age, Biomarkers, Clinical history) stroke risk score. The ABC-stroke score was well calibrated and yielded higher c-indices than the widely used CHA2DS2-VASc score in both the derivation cohort (0.68 vs. 0.62, P < 0.001) and the external validation cohort (0.66 vs. 0.58, P < 0.001). Moreover, the ABC-stroke score consistently provided higher c-indices in several important subgroups.Conclusion: A novel biomarker-based risk score for predicting stroke in AF was successfully developed and internally validated in a large cohort of patients with AF and further externally validated in an independent AF cohort. The ABC-stroke score performed better than the presently used clinically based risk score and may provide improved decision support in AF.
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  • Johansson, E. M. J., et al. (författare)
  • Interface electronic states and molecular structure of a triarylamine based hole conductor on rutile TiO2(110)
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 128, s. 184709-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The molecular and electronic surface structure of a triarylamine based hole-conductor (HC) molecule evaporated onto rutile TiO2(110) single crystal is investigated by means of synchrotron light based photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption spectroscopy in combination with calculations based on density functional theory. Different amounts of the HC molecule was evaporated spanning the monolayer to multilayer region. The molecular surface structure is investigated and the results indicate that no specific covalent chemical bonding is formed and that the plane formed by the different nitrogens in the HC molecules has a rather small angle versus the TiO2 substrate surface plane. Some molecular ordering also persists in the multilayer region. The experimental core level spectra, valence level spectra, and the N 1s x-ray absorption spectroscopy spectra are well modeled by calculations on an individual molecule. Interestingly, the formation of the TiO2/HC interface results in significant binding energy shifts in core levels and valence levels shifting all peaks of a the HC material to the same extent. Smaller shifts were also observed in the substrate core level peaks. The shift is discussed in terms of nanoscale energy level bending and final state hole screening. With respect to electronic applications, specifically in a solid state dye-sensitized solar cell, it is argued that the observed energy level alignment at the TiO2/HC interface can act as a hole trap.
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  • Karlsson, P G, et al. (författare)
  • Interfacial properties of the nanostructured dye-sensitized solid heterojunction TiO2/RuL2(NCS)(2)/CuI
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 120:23, s. 11224-11232
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The interfaces of the nanostructured dye-sensitized solid heterojunction TiO2/Ru-dye/CuI have been studied using photoelectron spectroscopy of core and valence levels, x-ray absorption spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. A nanostructured anatase TiO2 film sensitized with RuL2(NCS)(2) [cis-bis(4,4'-dicarboxy-2,2'-bipyridine)-bis(isothio-cyanato)-ruthenium(II)] was prepared in a controlled way using a novel combined in-situ and ex-situ (Ar atmosphere) method. Onto this film CuI was deposited in-situ. The formation of the dye-CuI interface and the changes brought upon the dye-TiO2 interface could be monitored in a stepwise fashion. A direct interaction between the dye NCS groups and the CuI is evident in the core level photoelectron spectra. Concerning the energy matching of the valence electronic levels, the photoelectron spectra indicate that the dye HOMO overlaps in energy with the Cu 3d-I 5p hydrid states. The CuI grow in the form of particles, which at the initial stages displace the dye molecules causing dye-TiO2 bond breaking. Consequently, the very efficient charge injection channel provided by the dye-TiO2 carboxylic bonding is directly affected for a substantial part of the dye molecules. This may be of importance for the functional properties of such a heterojunction. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics.
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  • Kashtanov, Stepan, et al. (författare)
  • Local structures of liquid water studied by x-ray emission spectroscopy
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 69:2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The O Kalpha x-ray emission spectra of water clusters with different sizes and conformations embedded in a continuum medium are simulated. The calculations have successfully explained the experimental spectra of water in both gas and liquid phases. It is shown that the x-ray emission spectra are very sensitive to the local hydrogen bonding structures. Strong electron sharing between different water molecules is observed and its possible connection to the covalency of hydrogen bonding is discussed. The experimentally observed strong excitation energy dependence of the spectra has been interpreted in terms of the polarization and angular dependence for the gas phase, and in terms of variations of local hydrogen bonding structures for the liquid phase.
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  • Nilsson, Gunnar, et al. (författare)
  • C3a and C5a are chemotaxins for human mast cells and act through distinct receptors via a pertussis toxin-sensitive signal transduction pathway
  • 1996
  • Ingår i: Journal of Immunology. - 0022-1767 .- 1550-6606. ; 157:4, s. 1693-1698
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Mast cells are known to accumulate at sites of inflammation, however, the chemotaxins involved are undefined. Since most natural leukocyte secretagogues also induce cell migration, and since the anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a are mast cell secretagogues, we hypothesized that both C3a and C5a are also mast cell chemotaxins. Here we report that C3a and C5a are, in fact, potent chemotaxins for the human mast cell line HMC-1. The optimal concentrations, half-maximal effective concentrations (a measure of agonist potency) and the efficacy (response at the optimal concentration) compared with medium control were, for C3a: 10 nM, 0.5 nM, and 256%, respectively; for C5a: 1 nM, 10 pM and 145%. Chemotaxis of HMC-1 cells to both C3a and C5a was blocked by pertussis toxin, suggesting that Gi-coupled receptors are involved in signal transduction. C3a and C5a also induced transient pertussis toxin-inhibitable increases in [Ca2+]i (ED50 = 1 nM for both) that could be homologously but not heterologously desensitized, suggesting that the receptors for C3a and C5a are distinct. These results make C3a the most effective mast cell chemotaxin identified to date. The chemotactic potency described here for C3a is also 100- to 1000-fold greater than for all of its previously described cellular actions. Direct chemoattraction of mast cells by C3a and C5a may help explain the rapid accumulation of mast cells at sites of inflammation.
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  • Patthey, L, et al. (författare)
  • Adsorption of bi-isonicotinic acid on rutile TiO2(110)
  • 1999
  • Ingår i: JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS. - 0021-9606. ; 110:12, s. 5913-5918
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Bi-isonicotinic acid (2,2'-bipyridine- 4,4'-dicarboxylic acid) is the ligand of several organometallic dyes, used in photoelectrochemical applications. Therefore the atomic scale understanding of the bonding of this molecule to rutile TiO2(110) should giv
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  • Rensmo, H, et al. (författare)
  • XPS studies of Ru-polypyridine complexes for solar cell applications
  • 1999
  • Ingår i: JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS. - 0021-9606. ; 111:6, s. 2744-2750
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A series of Ru-polypyridine dyes has been studied with electron spectroscopy using AlK alpha and synchrotron radiation. Both pure complexes and complexes adsorbed on nanostructured TiO2 (anatase) surfaces have been examined and special emphasis was g
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  • Richter, J H, et al. (författare)
  • Electronic structure of lithium-doped anatase TiO2 prepared in ultrahigh vacuum
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: Physical Review B (Condensed Matter and Materials Physics). - 1098-0121. ; 71:23, s. 1-235418
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Insertion of lithium in anatase TiO2, giving LixTiO2, is performed under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions and studied using synchrotron radiation based electron spectroscopy. Core level photoemission spectra are directly compared to results obtained after electrochemical insertion, illustrating the usefulness of the UHV approach. The growth of a state of mainly Ti 3d character in the band gap is monitored and the amount of charge transferred from Li to the band gap state is quantified. The result that the Ti 3d level is occupied by 0.85 +/- 0.10 electronic charge is in good agreement with theoretical predictions. Binding energy shifts of the core levels suggest that the population of the Ti 3d states does not follow a simple rigid band behavior. It is concluded that the formation of the Li-poor phase (x < 2%) is associated with pinning of the Fermi level to the bottom of the conduction band. The Li-poor phase can therefore be envisaged as related to defects. Changes in the valence photoemission spectrum and O 1s x-ray absorption spectrum are interpreted in terms of a decreased O 2p-Ti 3d interaction upon Li insertion. Shifts in the sample work function are finally found to agree reasonably well with the measured cell voltage for electrochemical Li insertion into a nanoporous anatase film.
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