| 1. |
- Campbell, PJ, et al.
(författare)
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Pan-cancer analysis of whole genomes
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 578:7793, s. 82-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cancer is driven by genetic change, and the advent of massively parallel sequencing has enabled systematic documentation of this variation at the whole-genome scale1–3. Here we report the integrative analysis of 2,658 whole-cancer genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types from the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We describe the generation of the PCAWG resource, facilitated by international data sharing using compute clouds. On average, cancer genomes contained 4–5 driver mutations when combining coding and non-coding genomic elements; however, in around 5% of cases no drivers were identified, suggesting that cancer driver discovery is not yet complete. Chromothripsis, in which many clustered structural variants arise in a single catastrophic event, is frequently an early event in tumour evolution; in acral melanoma, for example, these events precede most somatic point mutations and affect several cancer-associated genes simultaneously. Cancers with abnormal telomere maintenance often originate from tissues with low replicative activity and show several mechanisms of preventing telomere attrition to critical levels. Common and rare germline variants affect patterns of somatic mutation, including point mutations, structural variants and somatic retrotransposition. A collection of papers from the PCAWG Consortium describes non-coding mutations that drive cancer beyond those in the TERT promoter4; identifies new signatures of mutational processes that cause base substitutions, small insertions and deletions and structural variation5,6; analyses timings and patterns of tumour evolution7; describes the diverse transcriptional consequences of somatic mutation on splicing, expression levels, fusion genes and promoter activity8,9; and evaluates a range of more-specialized features of cancer genomes8,10–18.
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| 5. |
- Ferrari, P., et al.
(författare)
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On the use of LoRaWAN for the Internet of Intelligent Vehicles in Smart City scenarios
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781728148427
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Automotive world is changing with the introduction of Intelligent Vehicles. Today, an increasing number of vehicles may send data to the Internet, helping car manufacturer to implement the Industry 4.0 paradigm. The collected data during the lifetime of the vehicles can be used to improve both product and production facilities. Moreover, the availability of additional data coming from onboard sensors could be used to obtain information about the environment surrounding the vehicle. The Smart City scenario includes an extraordinary number of new sensors (in urban area) and vehicles can be thought as additional mobile sensors. This paper describes the prototype of a Vehicle-to-Cloud interface with OBD-II (On Board Diagnostic) communication, 3G/4G connectivity, and LoRaWAN [used as backup channel]. LoRaWAN infrastructures are largely diffused in Smart Cities and they can provide a suitable alternative to cover some areas when 3G/4G fails. Last, considering the Smart City scenarios, this paper discusses the application constrains and design directions to achieve a correct integration between LoRaWAN infrastructure and the Internet of Intelligent Vehicles. © 2020 IEEE.
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| 6. |
- Signoretti, G., et al.
(författare)
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A dependability evaluation for OBD-II Edge Devices : An Internet of Intelligent Vehicles perspective
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781728166223
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the last decade, the growth of the automotive market with the help of technologies has stood out. Along with this growing recognition, the so-called Internet of Intelligent Vehicles (IoIV) emerges as an evolution of the Internet of Things (IoT) applied to the automotive sector. In this way, IoIV requires communication interfaces in order to exchange sensor data from vehicles to cloud platforms. A new fashion and recent way to implement this requirement have been attended from the adoption of OBD-II Edge devices, which extended traditional features of legacy on-board diagnostics devices. The objective of this work is to perform a dependability evaluation on existing communication interfaces in OBD-II Edge devices. For this, experiments were carried out using two vehicles in urban areas of the city of Natal, Brazil. As a result, it has been identified that the communication protocols available in the OBD-II dongles analyzed need some redundancy to increase dependability. Besides, a redundant communication solution is proposed in order to attain the observed dependability requirements. © 2019 IEEE.
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| 7. |
- Signoretti, G., et al.
(författare)
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An evolving tinyml compression algorithm for iot environments based on data eccentricity
- 2021
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Ingår i: Sensors. - : MDPI AG. - 1424-8220. ; 21:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Currently, the applications of the Internet of Things (IoT) generate a large amount of sensor data at a very high pace, making it a challenge to collect and store the data. This scenario brings about the need for effective data compression algorithms to make the data manageable among tiny and battery-powered devices and, more importantly, shareable across the network. Additionally, considering that, very often, wireless communications (e.g., low-power wide-area networks) are adopted to connect field devices, user payload compression can also provide benefits derived from better spectrum usage, which in turn can result in advantages for high-density application scenarios. As a result of this increase in the number of connected devices, a new concept has emerged, called TinyML. It enables the use of machine learning on tiny, computationally restrained devices. This allows intelligent devices to analyze and interpret data locally and in real time. Therefore, this work presents a new data compression solution (algorithm) for the IoT that leverages the TinyML perspective. The new approach is called the Tiny Anomaly Compressor (TAC) and is based on data eccentricity. TAC does not require previously established mathematical models or any assumptions about the underlying data distribution. In order to test the effectiveness of the proposed solution and validate it, a comparative analysis was performed on two real-world datasets with two other algorithms from the literature (namely Swing Door Trending (SDT) and the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT)). It was found that the TAC algorithm showed promising results, achieving a maximum compression rate of 98.33%. Additionally, it also surpassed the two other models regarding the compression error and peak signal-to-noise ratio in all cases. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
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| 8. |
- Signoretti, G., et al.
(författare)
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Performance Evaluation of an evolving data compression algorithm embedded into an OBD-II edge device
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781728148922 ; , s. 696-701
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The new industrial revolution, known as industry 4.0, aims to create value throughout the product life cycle into all industries sectors. In the automotive industry perspective, data can be obtained throughout the life cycle of vehicles if they are appropriately instrumented with an On-Board Diagnostic scanner (OBD-II). Communications interfaces (3G/4G/LoraWan/Wi-Fi) assume essentials rules in order to relay all collected data to services in the cloud. Challenges emerge when using the Low Power, Wide-Area Network (LPWAN) protocols, as the case of LoRaWAN. This article aims to evaluate the feasibility of embedding a data compression algorithm driven by a light-weight evolving real-time approach in order to reduce the amount of data to be transmitted periodically. The proposal was embedded in a low-cost, low-power system on a chip microcontroller based on Edge OBD-II Freematics ONE+™. Results have shown the feasibility of the proposal and indicated compression rates of up to 98% without impact the primary operation of the edge device. © 2020 IEEE.
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| 9. |
- Stocchetti, Nino, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical applications of intracranial pressure monitoring in traumatic brain injury
- 2014
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Ingår i: Acta Neurochirurgica. - : Springer. - 0001-6268 .- 0942-0940. ; 156:8, s. 1615-1622
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring has been for decades a cornerstone of traumatic brain injury (TBI) management. Nevertheless, in recent years, its usefulness has been questioned in several reports. A group of neurosurgeons and neurointensivists met to openly discuss, and provide consensus on, practical applications of ICP in severe adult TBI. A consensus conference was held in Milan on October 5, 2013, putting together neurosurgeons and intensivists with recognized expertise in treatment of TBI. Four topics have been selected and addressed in pro-con presentations: 1) ICP indications in diffuse brain injury, 2) cerebral contusions, 3) secondary decompressive craniectomy (DC), and 4) after evacuation of intracranial traumatic hematomas. The participants were asked to elaborate on the existing published evidence (without a systematic review) and their personal clinical experience. Based on the presentations and discussions of the conference, some drafts were circulated among the attendants. After remarks and further contributions were collected, a final document was approved by the participants. The group made the following recommendations: 1) in comatose TBI patients, in case of normal computed tomography (CT) scan, there is no indication for ICP monitoring; 2) ICP monitoring is indicated in comatose TBI patients with cerebral contusions in whom the interruption of sedation to check neurological status is dangerous and when the clinical examination is not completely reliable. The probe should be positioned on the side of the larger contusion; 3) ICP monitoring is generally recommended following a secondary DC in order to assess the effectiveness of DC in terms of ICP control and guide further therapy; 4) ICP monitoring after evacuation of an acute supratentorial intracranial hematoma should be considered for salvageable patients at increased risk of intracranial hypertension with particular perioperative features.
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