| 1. |
- Blaschikoff, Ludmilla, et al.
(författare)
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A multidisciplinary study of Iberian Chalcolithic dogs
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Archaeological Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-409X .- 2352-4103. ; 42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Domesticated dogs have been present in the Iberian Peninsula long before other domesticated species, back to the late Palaeolithic period. Their origin is still uncertain, but dogs were already well established during the Chalcolithic period (ca. 5000-4000 BP). This study employed a multidisciplinary approach comprising osteometric, radiographic and palaeogenomic analyses to characterize Chalcolithic Iberian Canis remains. Two Chalcolithic archaeological sites - Leceia, Oeiras, in Portugal, and El Caset ' on de la Era, Villalba de los Alcores, Valladolid, in Spain - were the main focus of this study. Osteometric and odontometric data from eleven other sites in Iberia were also included. Osteometric results show signs of phenotypic variability, likely the result of human-driven selective pressure. Dental radiographic and dental wear analyses allowed age at death estimation for four individuals (two juvenile and two adults). Three Chalcolithic Iberian dogs had their mitogenomes resequenced and the mitochondrial DNA analysis allowed to assign each individual to two of the major known haplogroups - A and C. Molecular sex infered by the chromosomeX/chromosome1 coverage ratio allowed to identify one female and two males. This study unveils some aspects of the Iberian Chalcolithic dogs: these dogs already exhibited various morphotypes whose profiles might be associated to the performance of certain tasks, as well as mitogenomes of two distinct lineages that help tracking the evolutionary paths of Iberian dogs.
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| 2. |
- Heistermann, Tim, et al.
(författare)
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Initial stiffness evaluation of reverse channel connections in tension and compression
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of constructional steel research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0143-974X .- 1873-5983. ; 114, s. 119-128
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The so-called Reverse Channel connection has been conceived for the purpose of accommodating the thermal expansion of beams so that premature failure due to thermal buckling is avoided. The connection is made of a channel-shaped element, welded along the tips of its flanges onto the face of a hollow section column; an endplate welded on the beam is bolted onto the web of the channel. In a fire situation, the thermal expansion of a reverse-channel supported beam causes extensive bending deformation of the connection, therefore preventing the development of significant axial stress in the beam. Furthermore, this connection offers a high rotational capacity, if designed properly, which is beneficial in a fire situation where excessive deflections of beams can be expected. This paper aims to provide analytical stiffness assessment tools for reverse channel connections in compression and tension under uniform temperatures. The proposed analytical models are compared to results of Finite Element simulations, which in turn have been benchmarked with experiments. In addition, a comprehensive parametric study is conducted in order to identify all influencing factors on the initial stiffness response: reverse channel geometry and thickness, plate thickness, bolt position, and bolt diameter. Correction factors that account for 3D effects and bolt size are presented and discussed. The obtained expressions for the reverse channel stiffness are found to provide an accuracy that is acceptable for structural applications and can, therefore, be used as a design tool.
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| 3. |
- Heistermann, Tim, et al.
(författare)
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Initial Stiffness of Reverse Channel Connections
- 2014
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Ingår i: Eurosteel 2014. - Brussels : European Convention for Constructional Steelwork, ECCS. - 9789291471218
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The robustness of a structure in a fire situation greatly depends on the rotational capacity of the connection region. High rotational capacity is required at elevated temperatures since the steel beams lose their bending stiffness and exhibit increasingly large deflections under constant load. Beam deflections result in increasing rotations at the supports and may lead to collapse due to connection failure. The reverse channel has been proposed as a practical alternative to assemble beams to tubular columns. In a simple implementation, the bending moment generated in the joint due to rotation of the beam may be neglected; however, research efforts are being attempted to quantify the level of constraint. The typical arrangement of the connection type consists of a reverse channel with its flanges welded onto the face of concrete-filled tubular columns and the web bolted to the endplate of a beam. Thicknesses and depths of the reverse channel determine the level of rotational restraint at high temperature. The reverse channel has the ability to undergo catenary deformation in the tensile zone due to the applied rotation at the support and similarly it is relatively ductile in the compression zone. Overall, the reverse channel connection response is rather ductile in terms of its ability to undergo large rotational deformation as long as bolt failure is avoided through proper design.Various tests have been performed to study the behaviour of this type of connection such as full scale buildings, sub-frames, isolated joints and individual sections. The aim of these tests was to capture the connection behaviour in relation to other structural components in fire. This paper, however, focuses on the derivation and verification of analytical models to assess the initial stiffness of reverse channel/partial-depth endplate connections. The results from finite element analyses have been utilized to validate analytical models that describe the behaviour of this type of connection at ambient and elevated temperature. Insight into the analytical models provides proper background to a structural designer to estimate the initial stiffness and understand the behaviour of the reverse channel in the connection.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Iqbal, Naveed, et al.
(författare)
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Axial Force And Deformation Of A Restrained Steel Beam In Fire : Description and validation of a simplified analytical procedure
- 2016
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Ingår i: Advanced steel construction. - 1816-112X. ; 12:2, s. 174-193
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Structural fire design is exceedingly adopting the performance based approach. There are evidentadvantages of this approach compared to the prescriptive methods from codes. An analytical procedure, based on thereal performance, must accurately predict the beam behaviour in fire. The study presented here proposes one suchsimplified analytical procedure aim to predict the real behaviour of a restrained steel beam. The proposed analyticalprocedure is validated through FE Analysis using FE models validated through test results. The study also attempts toestablish the importance of using semi-rigid connection strength with respect to accurately predicting the behaviorof the restrained beam at catenary stage.
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| 6. |
- Iqbal, Naveed, et al.
(författare)
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Axial force and deformation of a restrained steel beam in fire: Description and validation of a simplified analytical procedure
- 2016
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Ingår i: Advanced steel construction. - : Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction. - 1816-112X. ; 12:2, s. 174-193
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Structural fire design is exceedingly adopting the performance based approach. There are evident advantages of this approach compared to the prescriptive methods from codes. An analytical procedure, based on the real performance, must accurately predict the beam behaviour in fire. The study presented here proposes one such simplified analytical procedure aim to predict the real behaviour of a restrained steel beam. The proposed analytical procedure is validated through FE Analysis using FE models validated through test results. The study also attempts to establish the importance of using semi-rigid connection strength with respect to accurately predicting the behaviour of the restrained beam at catenary stage.
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| 7. |
- Iqbal, Naveed, et al.
(författare)
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Numerical Investigation of the Behaviour of Steel Beams in Steel-Concrete Composite Frames
- 2016
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Ingår i: Composite Construction in Steel and Concrete VII. - New York : American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). - 9780784479735 ; , s. 199-213
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The methods proposed by the design codes for single member design in fire situation assume that these members are isolated in their response. The real response of structural members such as beams is, however, more complex due to thermal expansion and the presence of restraints against this expansion by the surrounding structure. It is therefore imperative to study the response of structure at high temperature in a way which includes its interaction with its surroundings such as in a full-scale fire test and in numerical analysis. This paper focuses on the numerical investigation of steel beams, with a concrete slab and connected to concrete filled tubular (CFT) columns through reverse channel connections. The finite element software ABAQUS has been used in this study. The aim of the investigation is to study the behaviour of the composite steel-concrete beam exposed to increasing temperature in fire.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Iqbal, Naveed, et al.
(författare)
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Numerical Study of Steel Beams in Sub-frame Assembly Validation of Existing Hand Calculation Procedures
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Structural Fire Engineering. - : Emerald. - 2040-2317 .- 2040-2325. ; 6:2, s. 123-140
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The design methods currently proposed by the codes prescribe the strength assessment of structures to be based on their strength limit state. These design methods can be applied to isolated steel members to determine their design strengthin fire. The real response of a structural member is, however, more complex due to the thermal expansion and the presence of restraints against this expansion by the surrounding structure. It is therefore imperative to study the response of a structural member at high temperature in a way which includes its interaction with its surroundings. This paper focus on the numerical investigation of steel beams in structural frames connected to concrete filled tubular (CFT) columns through reverse channel connections and comparison to hand calculation procedures. Finite element models (FEM) of the sub-frames were validated against fire tests conducted on sub-frames and then their results were compared to the proposed simplified hand calculation procedures (HCM).
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Lopes, Fernanda, et al.
(författare)
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Behaviour of the reverse channel joint component at elevated temperature
- 2012
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Ingår i: Tubular Structures XIV. - London : CRC Press. - 9780203073100 ; , s. 645-651
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The reverse channel connection appears to have the best combination of desirable feature underfire loading: moderate construction cost, ability to develop catenary action and extremely high ductilitythrough deformation of the web channel (Ding & Wang 2007). This paper presents the results of the experimentalinvestigation on a reverse channel component carried out at the University of Coimbra into the EuropeanRFCS COMPFIRE Project, which the main focus is to characterize the behaviour of steel joints betweensteel beams to concrete filled tubular columns under natural fire loading. A series of tension and compressiontests at ambient and elevated temperatures were tested. The aim of those experimental tests was to identify thestrength, stiffness and ductility of this joint component, establishing a relationship between force, displacementand temperature.
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| 12. |
- Lopes, Fernanda, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental behaviour of the reverse channel joint component at elevated and ambient temperatures
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of Steel Structures. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1598-2351 .- 2093-6311. ; 13:3, s. 459-472
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The reverse channel connection appears to have the best combination of desirable features under fire loading: moderate construction cost, ability to develop catenary action and extremely high ductility through deformation of the web channel (Ding and Wang, 2007). This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of a reverse channel component conducted at the University of Coimbra as part of the European RFCS COMPFIRE Project, the main focus of which is to characterise the behaviour of steel joints that connect steel beams to concrete-filled tubular columns under natural fire loading. A series of tensile and compressive tests at ambient and elevated temperatures was conducted. The purposes of the experimental tests were to characterise the strength, stiffness and ductility of this joint component and to establish a relationship between force, displacement and temperature.
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| 13. |
- Lopes, Fernanda, et al.
(författare)
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Sub-frames with reverse channel connections to cft composite columns –experimental evaluation
- 2015
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Ingår i: Advanced steel construction. - : Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction. - 1816-112X. ; 11:1, s. 111-126
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the experimental results of the investigation on the coupled joint-structure behaviour of the composite sub-frame, using the reverse channel connections between an I-beam and the concrete filled tube (CFT) columns. This experimental programme includes seven full-scale tests: three tests at ambient temperature and four tests under heating-cooling curves. The parametric study was dedicated to: temperature-time curve and channel wall thickness (8, 10 and 12 mm). The main objective of these tests is to provide experimental information on the behaviour of the reverse channel joints and its influence on the structure under a heating-cooling fire. The restraining effects from the unaffected part of surrounding structure induce highly variable loading histories on the joints during fire; therefore the investigation on coupled joint-structure behaviour should lead to a realistic prediction of progressive collapse of the structure.
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| 14. |
- Pires, Ana Elisabete, et al.
(författare)
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The curious case of the Mesolithic Iberian dogs : An archaeogenetic study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Archaeological Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0305-4403 .- 1095-9238. ; 105, s. 116-129
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated the genetic composition of six Canis remains from western Iberia, directly radiocarbon dated to 7,903-7,570 years (cal BP). They were identified as dogs via their archaeological and depositional context, osteometry, and a high percentage of aquatic diet shared with humans. For comparison, genetic data were obtained from an additional 37 Iberian dog remains from the Neolithic to Late Antiquity, as well as two Palaeolithic and a Chalcolithic Canis identified as wolves. Previous data indicated that dog mtDNA haplogroup A (HgA) is prevalent in extant European dogs ( > 50%), in the Near East and Asia, but rare or absent ( < 10%) in European Canis older than 3,000 years (cal BP). We found a high frequency (83%) of dog HgA in Mesolithic Iberian dog remains. This is the first report of a high frequency of dog HgA in pre-Neolithic Europe. We show that, contrary to the current view, Canis with HgA did not necessarily arrive in Europe from East-Asia. This phylogeographical difference in HgA frequency demonstrates that genetic differentiation was high prior to, or as a consequence of, domestication which may be linked with pre-Neolithic local processes for Iberian wolf domestication. Our results emphasize that knowledge of both ancient wolves' and early dogs' genetic profiles from the European periphery should improve our understanding of the evolution of the European dog.
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| 15. |
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