| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Adman, Per, et al.
(författare)
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171 forskare: ”Vi vuxna bör också klimatprotestera”
- 2019
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Ingår i: Dagens nyheter (DN debatt). - Stockholm. - 1101-2447.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- DN DEBATT 26/9. Vuxna bör följa uppmaningen från ungdomarna i Fridays for future-rörelsen och protestera eftersom det politiska ledarskapet är otillräckligt. Omfattande och långvariga påtryckningar från hela samhället behövs för att få de politiskt ansvariga att utöva det ledarskap som klimatkrisen kräver, skriver 171 forskare i samhällsvetenskap och humaniora.
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| 3. |
- Ahrén, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV improves metabolic control over a 4-week study period in type 2 diabetes.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Diabetes Care. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0149-5992 .- 1935-5548. ; 25:5, s. 869-75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has been proposed as a new treatment modality for type 2 diabetes. To circumvent the drawback of the short half-life of GLP-1, inhibitors of the GLP-1-degrading enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) have been examined. Such inhibitors improve glucose tolerance in insulin-resistant rats and mice. In this study, we examined the 4-week effect of 1-[[[2-[(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)amino]ethyl]amino]acetyl]-2-cyano-(S)-pyrrolidine (NVP DPP728), a selective, orally active inhibitor of DPP IV, in subjects with diet-controlled type 2 diabetes in a placebo-controlled double-blind multicenter study.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 93 patients (61 men and 32 women), aged 64 +/- 9 years (means +/- SD) and with BMI 27.3 +/- 2.7 kg/m(2), entered the study. Fasting blood glucose was 8.5 +/- 1.5 mmol/l, and HbA(1c) was 7.4 +/- 0.7%. Before and after treatment with NVP DPP728 at 100 mg x 3 (n = 31) or 150 mg x 5 (n = 32) or placebo (n = 30), subjects underwent a 24-h study with standardized meals (total 2,000 kcal).RESULTS: Compared with placebo, NVP DPP728 at 100 mg t.i.d. reduced fasting glucose by 1.0 mmol/l (mean), prandial glucose excursions by 1.2 mmol/l, and mean 24-h glucose levels by 1.0 mmol/l (all P < 0.001). Similar reductions were seen in the 150-mg b.i.d. treatment group. Mean 24-h insulin was reduced by 26 pmol/l in both groups (P = 0.017 and P = 0.023). Although not an efficacy parameter foreseen in the study protocol, HbA(1c) was reduced to 6.9 +/- 0.7% in the combined active treatment groups (P < 0.001). Laboratory safety and tolerability was good in all groups.CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that inhibition of DPP IV is a feasible approach to the treatment of type 2 diabetes in the early stage of the disease.
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| 4. |
- Altraja, Alan, et al.
(författare)
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Expression of laminins in the airways in various types of asthmatic patients: A morphometric study
- 1996
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Ingår i: American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology. - 1044-1549 .- 1535-4989. ; 15:4, s. 482-488
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Laminins (Ln) are crucial in airway morphogenesis. Because they are able to interact with inflammatory cells, they are likely to participate in inflammation accompanied by airway structural remodeling in asthma. Taking biopsies and using immunohistochemistry and quantitative image analysis, we characterized the distribution of Ln chains alpha 1, alpha 2, and beta 2 in the bronchial mucosa of patients with seasonal (n = 17), early occupational (n = 8), and chronic asthma (n = 16) for comparison with that of normal controls (n = 8). In all asthmatic patients, both Ln chains alpha 1 and beta 2 were confined to the superficial margin of the basement membrane (BM), blood vessels, and smooth muscle. The thickness of Ln beta 2 expression in BM was significantly greater in patients with chronic (1.9 +/- 0.1 microns; P < 0.001) and occupational asthma (1.7 +/- 0.1 microns; P < 0.05) than in controls (0.4 +/- 0.3 microns). Only in patients with occupational asthma was the thickness of the Ln alpha 1 layer (2.3 +/- 0.2 microns; mean +/- SEM) significantly different from that in controls (1.4 +/- 0.5 microns; P < 0.05). There was no immunoreactivity for the Ln alpha 2 chain in controls or patients with mild asthma, but in clinically severe chronic asthma we found a discontinuous staining along the epithelial margin of the BM. Since Ln chains alpha 2 and beta 2 appear to function only during morphogenesis, increased expression of these Ln chains in adult asthma patients suggests accelerated tissue turnover in the airways, possibly as a result of airway inflammation in asthma.
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| 7. |
- Brune, Mats, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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Improved leukemia-free survival after postconsolidation immunotherapy with histamine dihydrochloride and interleukin-2 in acute myeloid leukemia: results of a randomized phase 3 trial
- 2006
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Ingår i: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 0006-4971 .- 1528-0020. ; 108:1, s. 88-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The primary objective of this phase 3 study was to determine whether postconsolidation immunotherapy with interleukin-2 (IL-2) and histamine dihydrochloride (HDC) improved the leukemia-free survival (LFS) of adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in complete remission (CR). Three hundred twenty patients with AML (median age, 57 years; range, 18-84 years) were stratified by CR1 or subsequent CR (CR > 1) and randomly assigned to treatment with HDC/IL-2 or no treatment (control). Treatment comprised 10 21-day cycles with IL-2 (16 400 U/kg) plus HDC (0.5 mg); both compounds were administered by subcutaneous injection twice daily. Study arms were balanced for age, sex, previous treatment, leukemic karyotypes, time from CR to inclusion, and frequency of secondary leukemia. Three years after enrollment of the last patient, treatment with HDC/IL-2 was found to improve LFS over control in the study population (CR1 + CR > 1, n = 320; P < .01, log-rank test). For patients in CR1 (n = 261), treatment significantly improved LFS (P = .01) with 3-year LFS estimates of 40% (HDC/IL-2) compared with 26% (control). Side effects were typically mild to moderate. These results indicate that HDC/IL-2 treatment offers an efficacious and tolerable treatment for patients with AML in remission.
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| 8. |
- Cornell, Ann, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Anodic Reactions in the Chlorate Process
- 2001. - 1
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Ingår i: Energy and Electrochemical Processes for a Cleaner Environment. - Pennington, New Jersey, USA : The Electrochemical Scoiety, Inc.. - 1566773563 ; , s. 117-128
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Ekehammar, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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The Defence Mechanism Test (DMT) revisited : experimental validation using threatening and non‐threatening pictures
- 2002
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Ingår i: European journal of personality. - : Wiley Interscience. - 1099-0984 .- 0890-2070. ; 16:4, s. 283-294
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although the Defence Mechanism Test (DMT) has been in use for almost half a century, it is still unclear what it actually measures. The psychodynamic theory on which the test is based states that the threatful DMT pictures activate various defence mechanisms. To test this proposition, the original DMT pictures were redrawn by a professional artist, changing the emotional content without altering the structural properties. In this way, a neutral and a friendly variant were shaped. Sixty participants were randomly assigned to the threatful, neutral, and friendly stimulus conditions. In contrast to predictions made from psychodynamic theory, that the threatful picture would activate more ‘signs of defence’ than the others, the results disclosed that the three conditions activated the same amounts of ‘signs of defence’ and the same levels of various perceptual thresholds. Thus, rather than capturing psychodynamic defence mechanisms, our results suggest that the DMT taps perceptual or information‐processing difficulties in correct identification of brief stimulus exposures regardless of their emotional contents. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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| 11. |
- Eriksson, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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OPTIMIZING THERMAL BARRIER COATING DESIGN USING STRUCTURAL OPTIMIZATION METHODS
- 2017
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Ingår i: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2017, VOL 6. - : AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS. - 9780791850916
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are used in gas turbines to reduce creep, thermo-mechanical fatigue, and oxidation, or to allow for reduced air cooling. TBCs may fail due to fatigue. Structural optimization methods were applied to optimize the. TBC thickness in such a way as to increase the life of the TBC. The TBC thickness was varied for three cases: 1) minimizing TBC volume, 2) minimizing TBC maximum effective stress, and 3) minimizing compliance (minimizing the strain energy). The results from the optimization were used to estimate the relative change in TBC life via a strain energy based failure criterion and a Coffin-Manson-like expression. Minimization of volume had limited use due to limitations in the current implementation. Minimization of effective stress did not give any significant increase in life. The minimization of compliance increased the estimated TBC life at highly stressed regions.
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| 12. |
- Gill, Peter Edward, 1949-, et al.
(författare)
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Consequences for prevention strategies of reduced prevalence of bullying at school-class and school level in a Swedish Municipality
- 2017
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Ingår i: ECER 2017.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A crucial feature of school classes, as intact social entities, is that members share certain values (Boehnke & Schiefer, 2016). Saarento, Garandeau and Salmivalli (2015), argue that the influence of classroom- and school-level factors on bullying involves demographic, structural, peer contextual and teacher-related dimensions. Swearer et al. (2014) use a theory of “homophily and bullying” to argue for a homophily hypothesis where within group similarity leads to bullies physically or relationally rejecting those who are different and withdrawing any social support for victims. However, Saarento, Garandeau and Salmivalli’s conclusion (op.cit.) was that the contributions of demographic, school structural and school-class characteristics remain inconsistent. On the other hand, recent Swedish research (Thornberg et al., 2015 & Thornberg et al., 2016), after controlling for factors such as age, gender, ethnicity, school-class size and gender composition, found that relational climate and experience of moral disengagement within school-classes was a significant predictor of between-class variation in victimisation. Victimisation was less likely in classes characterised by supportive relational patterns and lower levels of moral disengagement in the classroom, a result confirmed by Grundherr (et al., 2016). The research reported here builds on a presentation at ECER 2016 (Gill, Larsson, Matton, Simonsson & Levin, 2016) that explored some consequences of systematic reductions of prevalence of bullying at school. It was argued that Swedish anti-bullying programs are being delivered at the later phases of an implementation research continuum (Chalamandaris & Piette, 2015). Uncovering new or persistent cases of bullying becomes more difficult as prevalence of bullying reduces (successful implementation). Being bullied at least 2 to 3 times a month between 2009–2015, among 200,000 children in 1500 Finnish schools (grades 1–9) decreased from 17.2% at baseline to 12.6% after six years of implementation of the KiVa program (Herkama & Salmivalli, 2016). Even though creating reliable measures of bullying prevalence is difficult (Vivolo-Kantor et al., 2014), Finnish prevalence is considerably higher than in Sweden, national average is about 7/8%, which in turn, is higher than the average in the municipality where this research has been carried out (4.9%, Spring 2016). With prevalence rates at this level it is possible to envisage realistic “zero-vision” and “zero-tolerance” strategies. (For a critical review of zero-tolerance, see Borgwald & Theixos, 2013 and James & Freeze, 2006). Any goal of reducing a low prevalence of bullying in Sweden, even lower, is mediated by the discovery, from individual-level, longitudinal data, where successful cases of ceased victims are regularly replaced by new victims (Flygare, Gill & Johansson, 2013: Hellstedt, Johansson & Gill, 2016), revealing a cyclical replacement of victims. While up to 75% of victims at one time will self-report not being victimized at one-year follow-up, rates at cross-sectional measurement may remain the same (typically 7/8% in Swedish schools, op.cit.). The Norwegian “Zero Program” (Strohmeier and Noam, 2012) is based on a “zero-vision” manifesto. Köhler (2006) in outlining health indicators for Swedish children argues that while some ideal zero-outcomes might not stand up as credible operational targets, using “zero vision” as a reference point may be reasonable in some cases. In the municipality that is the focus here, evidence is emerging that some schools and school classes are coming closer to a zero-vision reference point. In a school with 200 children, in 8 or 9 classes, a point prevalence rate of 3% would indicate that at least two, possibly three classes in that school had no victims of bullying. It is argued that this circumstance creates new challenges for prevention strategies. Therefore, it is important to delve deeper into changes in “the picture of bullying”. That is the goal of this research.MethodSince the initiation of the rolling intervention (2011/12), where participation was voluntary, 6 schools have become 29 (including independent academy schools). Since Autumn 2016, all 4th to 9th graders, in these schools, have participated in the municipality’s web-based “School Care Questionnaire”. Included in this questionnaire is the instrument used by the National Agency for Education in estimating prevalence of bullying (see Flygare, Gill & Johansson, 2013, for details). The questionnaire is delivered twice during the school year (October and April). These measurements will allow for follow-up comparisons for 6000 children distributed between 300 school classes in 29 schools. Descriptive statistics will be used to establish realistic estimates of prevalence of bullying victimization. Rates for individuals categorised as “bullied” will be matched by a global index of “no involvement” (that is, no self-reported “incidents” of any kind, including events we refer to as “fun-like rough and tumble).Expected OutcomesFluctuations in point prevalence estimates, at classroom level, will be revealed. These will be examined with reference to indicated cases (school classes) where bullying is recurring (at follow-up) or is seen to be exceptionally high. Statistical patterns will be tested against practitioners, responsible teachers, head-teachers, schools anti-bullying teams and municipal supervisor’s hands-on experiences of the school year in question (2016/17).
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| 13. |
- Gill, Peter Edward, 1949-, et al.
(författare)
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Research to Practice : Rolling Implementation of Evidence-Based Anti-Bullying Strategies in a Swedish Municipality
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a dearth of research into the consequences of systematic reductions of prevalence of target behaviors, such as bullying, in school-based prevention science. Reducing prevalence may also result in making bullying more difficult to uncover (Cunningham et al., 2015). Preventing bullying at school is a much researched field (Ttofi & Farrington, 2011). In international comparisons, prevalence of bullying at school varies widely, with rates for Swedish schools regularly being lowest (e.g., among 66 countries, Due & Holstein, 2008). Conditions influencing program efficacy are likely to vary as prevalence of target behavior is reducing. School-wide prevention strategies, in schools with one or more victims in every class, present a very different challenge compared to schools where victims are found in every second of third class. Recent longitudinal data from Sweden (Swedish Agency for Education, 2011; Hellstedt, Johansson & Gill, 2016 forthcoming) has revealed a cyclical replacement of victims, after successful intervention, showing that while rates at cross-sectional measurement intervals may remain the same (typically 6/7% in Swedish schools), up to 75% of victims at one time will self-report not being victimized at one-year follow-up (op.cit.). Low rates of bullying in Sweden are the result intervention strategies based on a wide variety of ‘standard’ (International, Scandinavian & National) prevention programs, at least 21 according to Skolverket (2003). A national evaluation revealed extensive program cross-contamination, proving the unviability of “gold standard” evaluation practices. “What works” conclusions were described in terms of program components. When “promising” evidence for effective program components is produced, there is an inevitable momentum to package components into replicable “programs”. We argue that this momentum may hamper response flexibility, particularly when program providers, in seeking to be “evidence based” may place more importance on implementation functions such as program fidelity and dosage rather than individual outcomes. We argue that considerations such as dosage and program fidelity are less relevant when anti-bullying initiatives are being adapted to variations in school contexts and climates (Gregory, Henry & Schoeny, 2007). Component efficacy and effectiveness may also be masked by confidentiality requirements in program evaluations and outcome assessments that are based on follow-up, cross-sectional, cohort statistics. What works in Sweden, for example, found by Frisén, Hasselblad & Holmqvist (2012), based on evidence from former victims, in descending order of importance: Support from school personnel; Transition to new school level; Change of coping strategies; Support from parents; Change of appearance or way of being; Change of school or class as a deliberate attempt to make the bullying stop; New friends; The bullies changed their attitude; No particular reason; and Support from peers, may not translate to other cultures, school systems and traditions. With observed low prevalence, extensive program implementation, research evidence on effective components and extensive judicial obligations, it is likely, that in most Swedish municipalities, active anti-bullying programs may, theoretically, be located at the later phases of an implementation research continuum (Chalamandaris & Piette, 2015, after Flay,1986, & Flay et al., 2005). This, late stage program/component developemt, also has an impact on schools’ potential capacity to improve (Oterkiil & Ertesvåg, 2012). Given these contexts, it is important to research the present state of evidence based anti-bullying strategies in Sweden. Using best practice in program implementation evaluation a descriptive case study of scaled-up, school district-wide (Rhoades, Bumbarger & Moore 2012), research-to-action (Guhn et al., 2012) anti-bullying strategies in a Swedish municipality is presented. The goal is to investigate conditions, participants, hindrances, responses and outcomes at different stages of a rolling implementation process. This Swedish example may be of value in other European school systems where prevalence is reducing toward Swedish levels.
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| 14. |
- Hellstrand, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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A health dialogue intervention reduces cardiovascular risk factor levels : a population based randomised controlled trial in Swedish primary care setting with 1-year follow-up
- 2017
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : BIOMED CENTRAL LTD. - 1471-2458. ; 17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The total number of cardiovascular (CVD) deaths accounted for almost a third of all deaths globally in 2013. Population based randomised controlled trials, managed within primary care, on CVD risk factor interventions are scarce. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of a health dialogue intervention in a primary care setting offered to a population at the age of 55 years, focusing on CVD risk factors. Methods: The study was performed in five primary health care centres in the county of Vastmanland, Sweden between April 2011 and December 2012. Men and women were randomly assigned to intervention (n = 440) and control groups (n = 440). At baseline, both groups filled in a health questionnaire and serum cholesterol, fasting plasma glucose, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), weight, height, waist (WC) and hip circumference, waist hip ratio (WHR) and systolic/diastolic blood pressure were measured. Intervention group attended a health dialogue, supported by a visualised health profile, with a possibility for further activities. Participation rates at baseline were 53% and 52% respectively. A 1-year follow-up was carried out. Results: The intervention group (n = 165) showed reductions compared to the control group (n = 177) concerning body mass index (BMI) (0.3 kg/m(2), p = .031), WC (2.1 cm, p <= .001) and WHR (. 002, p <= .001) at the 1-year follow-up. No differences between the intervention and control groups were found in other variables. Intervention group, compared to baseline, had reduced weight, BMI, WC, WHR, HbA1c, and diet, while the men in the control group had reduced their alcohol consumption. Conclusions: A health dialogue intervention at the age of 55 years, conducted in ordinary primary care, showed a moderate effect on CVD risk factor levels, in terms of BMI, WC and WHR.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Klarbring, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Minimizing crack energy release rate by topology optimization
- 2018
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Ingår i: Structural and multidisciplinary optimization (Print). - : SPRINGER. - 1615-147X .- 1615-1488. ; 58:4, s. 1695-1703
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fatigue cracked primary aircraft structural parts that cannot be replaced need to be repaired by other means. A structurally efficient repair method is to use adhesively bonded patches as reinforcements. This paper considers optimal design of such patches by minimizing the crack extension energy release rate. A new topology optimization method using this objective is developed as an extension of the standard SIMP compliance optimization method. The method is applied to a cracked test specimen that resembles what could be found in a real fuselage and the results show that an optimized adhesively bonded repair patch effectively reduces the crack energy release rate.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Kumar, T K Sandeep, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Establishing a Novel Methodology to Correlate the Macroscopic and Microscopic Degree of Sintering inMagnetite Pellets during Induration
- 2018
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Ingår i: Steel Research International. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1611-3683 .- 1869-344X. ; 89:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The quality of product pellets is a result of the physico-chemical phenomenainvolved in the induration process. Sintering is the primary phenomenon,and its degree or extent contributes substantially to the evolution of themetallurgical and mechanical properties of a pellet. During the induration ofmagnetite pellets, sintering proceeds through the oxidized and non-oxidizedmagnetite phases. Sintering of these phases has been previously studied ona single pellet at the macroscopic scale using an optical dilatometer. Adeeper understanding requires corroboration of these studies throughcharacterization at the microscopic scale. In the present work, the observationsrecorded at the microscopic scale are quantified using image processingtechniques to correlate them to the macroscopic measurements. Distancetransformation, which is an image processing principle, is adapted in a novelway to digitize the microstructures and to determine the degree of sinteringin a pellet quantitatively. This methodology has potential applications as ageneric tool to follow the sintering phenomenon and process kinetics at anystage during induration.
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| 20. |
- Laitinen, Lauri A., et al.
(författare)
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Bronchial biopsy findings in intermittent or "early" asthma
- 1996
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Ingår i: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - 0091-6749 .- 1097-6825. ; 98:5 Pt 2, s. S3-6, discussion S33-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bronchial biopsy specimens from subjects with intermittent or "early" asthma were compared with specimens taken from healthy subjects. Patients with early asthma included those with seasonal asthma and occupational asthma. There was a small but statistically significant increase in the thickness of the subepithelial extracellular matrix protein tenascin in subjects with seasonal and occupational asthma compared with control subjects. Collagen types IV and VII were increased only in patients with occupational asthma. Eosinophils were the only inflammatory cells that were significantly increased in subjects with seasonal asthma compared with control subjects. These data show that inflammation is present in the airways of patients with early asthma, and the increase in tenascin expression in the basement membrane zone suggests that structural changes are also initiated at an early stage of the disease.
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| 21. |
- Lindstrom, Jim, et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol consumption and self-rated health among older people : population-based study in Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press. - 1741-3842 .- 1741-3850. ; 42:4, s. 756-765
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To analyse alcohol consumption and its association with self-rated health among a representative sample of older people in mid-Sweden. Background Over the past decades, alcohol consumption has increased in the older population in Sweden, but few studies have investigated the association between alcohol consumption and self-rated health in this group. The aim was therefore to investigate alcohol consumption and self-rated health among older Swedes. Methods The study is based on a cross-sectional study of 11,716 men and women, 65 years and over, answering a survey questionnaire sent to a random population sample in mid-Sweden in 2012. We assessed alcohol consumption with AUDIT-C and its association with self-rated health using logistic regression analysis, adjusting for age, economic situation, educational level, BMI, physical activity, social support and medication use. Results Men (83%) were more prone to drink alcohol compared to women (71%). The prevalence of risk drinking was about 2% for both genders. Alcohol consumption declined with age. Moderate consumption of alcohol was associated with lower probability of poor self-rated health compared to non-drinking with an adjusted odds ratio 0.64 (95% confidence interval: 0.54-0.76) for men and 0.68 (0.59-0.79) for women. Conclusion Since the study was cross-sectional the direction of the association could not be determined, and the results should not be interpreted as an argument for promoting alcohol consumption among older people.
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| 22. |
- Molarius, Anu, et al.
(författare)
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Social inequalities in self-reported refraining from health care due to financial reasons in Sweden : health care on equal terms?
- 2014
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Ingår i: BMC Health Services Research. - : BioMed Central. - 1472-6963. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The main goal of the health care system in Sweden is good health and health care on equal terms for the entire population. This study investigated the existence of social inequalities in refraining from health care due to financial reasons in Sweden. Methods: The study is based on 38,536 persons who responded to a survey questionnaire sent to a random sample of men and women aged 18-84 years in 2008 (response rate 59%). The proportion of persons who during the past three months due to financial reasons limited or refrained from seeking health care, purchasing medicine or seeking dental care is reported. The groups were defined by gender, age, country of origin, educational level and employment status. The prevalence of longstanding illness was used to describe morbidity in these groups. Differences between groups were tested with chi-squared statistics and multivariate logistic regression models. Results: In total, 3% reported that they had limited or refrained from seeking health care, 4% from purchasing medicine and 10% from seeking dental care. To refrain from seeking health care was much more common among the unemployed (12%) and those on disability pension (10%) than among employees (2%). It was also more common among young adults and persons born outside the Nordic countries. Similar differences also apply to purchasing medicine and dental care. The odds for refraining from seeking health care, purchasing medicine or seeking dental care due to financial reasons were 2-3 times higher among persons with longstanding illness than among persons with no longstanding illness. Conclusions: There are social inequalities in self-reported refraining from health care due to financial reasons in Sweden even though the absolute levels vary between different types of care. Often those in most need refrain from seeking health care which contradicts the national goal of the health care system. The results suggest that the fare systems of health care and dental care should be revised because they contribute to inequalities in health care.
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| 23. |
- Molarius, Anu, et al.
(författare)
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Socioeconomic differences in self-rated oral health and dental care utilisation after the dental care reform in 2008 in Sweden
- 2014
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Ingår i: BMC Oral Health. - : BioMed Central. - 1472-6831. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The aims of this study were to determine self-rated oral health and dental attendance habits among Swedish adults, with special reference to the role of social inequalities, after the Swedish dental care reform in 2008. Methods: The study is based on a survey questionnaire, sent to 12,235 residents of a Swedish county, in 2012. The age group was 16-84 years: 5,999 (49%) responded. Using chi-square statistics, differences in prevalence of self-rated oral health and regular dental attendance were analysed with respect to gender, age, educational level, family status, employment status and country of birth. Self-rated poor oral health was analysed by multivarite logistic regression adjusting for the different socio-demographic factors, financial security and having refrained from dental treatment for financial reasons. Results: Three out of four respondents (75%) reported fairly good or very good oral health. Almost 90% claimed to be regular dental attenders. Those who were financially secure reported better oral health. The differences in oral health between those with a cash margin and those without were large whereas the differences between age groups were rather small. About 8% reported that they had refrained from dental treatment for financial reasons during the last three months. Self-rated poor oral health was most common among the unemployed, those on disability pension or on long-term sick leave, those born outside the Nordic countries and those with no cash margin (odds ratios ranging from 2.4 to 4.4). The most important factor contributing to these differences was having refrained from dental treatment for financial reasons. Conclusion: The results are relevant to strategies intended to reduce social inequalities in oral health, affirming the importance of the provision of equitable access to dental care.
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| 24. |
- Nilsson, Kent W., et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol-related problems among adolescents and the role of a sense of coherence
- 2007
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Ingår i: International Journal of Social Welfare. - Uppsala Univ, Cent Hosp Vasteras, Clin Res Ctr, SE-72189 Vasteras, Sweden. Karlstad Univ, Dept Social Sci, Karlstad, Sweden. Lillehammer Univ Coll, Fac Hlth & Social Studies, Lillehammer, Norway. Karolinska Inst, Div Int Hlth IHCAR, Stockholm, Sweden. : Wiley. - 1369-6866 .- 1468-2397. ; 16:2, s. 159-167
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alcohol abuse is generally regarded as a major risk factor for antisocial problem behaviour among adolescents. On the other hand, personal coping strategies hypothetically can be seen as protective of alcohol-related behaviour problems. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of sense of coherence (SOC) on alcohol-related behavioural problems in an SOC-alcohol intoxication model. The method of study was a cross-sectional, school-based questionnaire study of 4,305, 16- and 19-year-old adolescents. We found that both a SOC and the frequency of alcohol intoxication were independently associated with alcohol-related behavioural problems. Our model shows that the combination of these two independent factors amplifies them considerably, and adolescents with a strong SOC, despite frequent intoxication, were protected to a large degree from experiencing alcohol-related problems.
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| 25. |
- Schiller, Jim, et al.
(författare)
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At-risk drinking, loneliness and self-reported diagnosed depression among older people, 70-84 years of age
- 2023
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Ingår i: Aging & Mental Health. - : Routledge. - 1360-7863 .- 1364-6915. ; 27:5, s. 1037-1044
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives At-risk drinking of alcohol is increasing in the older population and both at-risk drinking and loneliness have been shown to be risk factors for depression. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the associations between at-risk drinking, loneliness, and self-reported diagnosed depression in the older population. Methods The study was based on 10,096 persons aged 70-84 years who answered a survey questionnaire sent to a random population sample in Mid-Sweden in 2017. The overall response rate was 77%. The associations between at-risk drinking, loneliness and depression were analysed using multivariate logistic regression, adjusting for age, educational level, country of birth, economic stress, social support, living alone, physical activity, smoking, BMI, and medication use. Results The prevalence of at-risk drinking during the last 12 months was 8% among men and 4% among women. In total, 8% of the men and 14% of the women suffered from loneliness at least weekly. Having a current diagnosed depression was more commonly reported among women (9%) than among men (5%). At-risk drinking was associated with a higher prevalence of diagnosed depression in both men (OR:1.76; 95% CI:1.03-3.01) and women (OR:1.83; 95% CI:1.06-3.18), compared to moderate drinking when adjusting for loneliness and potential confounders. Furthermore, persons who suffered from loneliness every week had a higher prevalence of diagnosed depression (OR:5.95; 95% CI:3.72-9.53 in men and OR:4.80; 95% CI:3.44-6.69 in women) than those who did not suffer from loneliness. Conclusion In this population-based study, both at-risk drinking and loneliness were independently associated with self-reported diagnosed depression among men and women aged 70-84 years. These findings are important for prevention of depression among older people.
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| 26. |
- Selch Larsen, Malte, et al.
(författare)
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Rotational thromboelastometry can predict the probability of bleeding events in a translational rat model of haemophilia A following gene-based FVIIa prophylaxis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Haemophilia. - : Wiley. - 1351-8216 .- 1365-2516. ; 26:1, s. 164-172
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Monitoring of clinical effectiveness of bypassing agents in haemophilia patients is hampered by the lack of validated laboratory assays. Thromboelastography (TEG) and rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) have been evaluated for predicting clinical effectiveness of bypassing agents, however, with limited success.AIM: Application of a longitudinal model-based approach may allow for a quantitative characterization of the link between ROTEM parameters and the probability of bleeding events.METHODS: We analyse longitudinal data from haemophilia A rats receiving gene-based FVIIa prophylaxis in terms of total circulatory levels of FVII/FVIIa, clotting time (CT) measured using ROTEM and the probability of bleeding events.RESULTS: Using population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PKPD) modelling, a PK-CT-repeated time-to-event (RTTE) model was developed composed of three submodels (a) a FVII/FVIIa PK model, (b) a PK-CT model describing the relationship between predicted FVIIa expression and CT and (c) a RTTE model describing the probability of bleeding events as a function of CT. The developed PK-CT-RTTE model accurately described the vector dose-dependent plasma concentration-time profile of total FVII/FVIIa and the exposure-response relationship between AAV-derived FVIIa expression and CT. Importantly, the developed model accurately described the occurrence of bleeding events over time in a quantitative manner, revealing a linear relationship between predicted change from baseline CT and the probability of bleeding events.CONCLUSION: Using PK-CT-RTTE modelling, we demonstrated that ROTEM parameters can accurately predict the probability of bleeding events in a translational animal model of haemophilia A.
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| 27. |
- Simonsson, Bo
(författare)
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Body and soul : studies on health and psychosomatic complaints among adolescents in Sweden
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objective: The aim of this thesis is to describe the health of the adolescents with special emphasis on psychosomatic complaints. Method: Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used to get a insight into the adolescents health. The results presented in papers I-IV are based on the records from the five cross-sectional school surveys that so far have been conducted under the name of "Survey of Adolescent Life in Vestmanland", SALVe surveys. For papers I-III, data were collected from the second cross-sectional study performed in1998. The data of paper IV, came from all five surveys conducted in 1995, 1998, 2001, 2004 and 2006. In paper V, focus group discussions were used to obtain the adolescents views on the cause of psychosomatic complaints. Main findings: The self-reported general health of the adolescents as a group was good. However, when the group was divided; first, by gender and thereafter into weight groups, there were relatively large differences in their perceived health. The large increase in overweight and obesity that was reported by other authors was also found in our study. The obese boys experienced many more symptoms off ill health including those that are related to psychosomatic complaints than the other boys. Sense of coherence had a big influence on the development of psychosomatic complaints. Individuals with a high sense of coherence had fewer psychosomatic symptoms. Boys scored higher than girls in sense of coherence scale, as has been found in other studies. Girls had higher prevalence of psychosomatic complaints than the boys. The increase in reported psychosomatic complaints over a twelve-year period among girls were twofold over the period studied. The boys did not have the same development, there was a slight increase over time but, on the whole, the prevalence remained more or less constant. In the focus group discussions there were big differences in the opinion between the boys and the girls on the causes of psychosomatic complaints. With the boys discussing physical factors while the girls emotional factors. Conclusions: The development of health problems over time between the genders is very different. The girls as a group seems to be suffering from many more health related problems than the boys. This makes it important to consider this in tailoring for any kind of interventions.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Simonsson, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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Self-rated health and associated factors among the oldest-old : results from a cross-sectional study in Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: Archives of Public Health. - : BioMed Central. - 0778-7367 .- 2049-3258. ; 78:1, s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Very few population-based studies have investigated self-rated health and related factors in the increasing age group 85 years or older. The aim of this study was to examine self-rated health and its association with living conditions, lifestyle factors, physical and mental health problems and functional ability among the oldest-old in the general population in Sweden. Methods The study is cross-sectional and based on 1360 persons, 85 years of age or older, who answered a survey questionnaire sent to a random population sample in 2012 (participation rate 47%). Multivariate logistic regression was used as the statistical method. Results The prevalence of good self-rated health was 39% in men and 30% in women. Physical inactivity, impaired physical mobility, pain, anxiety/depression and longstanding illness were independently associated with poorer than good self-rated health, while factors such as gender, age, educational level, cash margin, living alone, social support, smoking, alcohol use, obesity, accidents and impaired vision/hearing were not. Conclusions While a considerable part of the oldest-old assess their health as good, not being physically active and having common health problems such as pain and depression as well as impaired physical mobility are associated with poorer than good self-rated health. This should be considered when planning how to improve and maintain health in the growing population of persons 85 years and older.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Storgärds, Erik, 1987-
(författare)
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High Temperature Fatigue Crack Growth in a Ni-based Superalloy : Modelling Including the Interaction of Dwell Times
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Safe life of gas turbines is always of major concern for manufacturers in order to ensure passenger safety and stable continuous power output. An increasing amount of resources have been put into research and development to assure that all safety aspects are covered in the design of new turbines and to ensure that enough frequent service intervals are scheduled to avoid complications. Many of these issues require good knowledge of material properties and of how to use these in the design process. Some of these relate to fatigue which is of major concern in all parts of a development programme. However, while some fatigue problems have been extensively studied, some have not. One example is crack growth with influence of dwell times at elevated temperature in combination with cyclic loading. Such loading conditions have been shown to give a different cracking behaviour compared to rapid cyclic loading, increasing the growth rate significantly with respect to the number of load cycles. Improved models for predicting this behaviour is therefore of major interest for gas turbine manufacturers, and could substantially increase the reliability. As a result, more research is needed in order solve these problems.The work presented in this dissertation has focused on how to predict life under the above-mentioned circumstances. The materials used in high temperature gas turbine applications are often nickel-based superalloys, and in this work the most common one, Inconel 718, has been studied. Mechanical experiments have been performed under operation like conditions in order to receive material data for the subsequent modelling work. The modelling approach was chosen such that the underlying physics of the dwell time cracking have been incorporated on a phenomenological basis, creating a model which can be physically motivated as well as used for industrial applications. The main feature of the modelling work has been to track material damage which is received from dwell times, how this interacts with cyclic loading and how it affects the crack growth rate, thus creating a load history dependent model.The outcome of this work has resulted in a model which is both easy to use and which has shown to give good correlation to available experimental data. Key components such as calibration for cheap and easy parameter determination, validation on complex engine spectra loadings, three dimensional crack growth, overload influences, material scatter, thermo-mechanical fatigue crack growth and the impact of high cycle fatigue loadings, are all covered in the presented work, both as experimental findings and as continuous development of the modelling concept.The dissertation consists of two parts. In the first an introduction with the theory and background to crack growth with dwell times is given, while the second part consists of 10 papers.
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| 34. |
- Thomas, Richard D., et al.
(författare)
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The double electrostatic ion ring experiment : A unique cryogenic electrostatic storage ring for merged ion-beams studies
- 2011
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Ingår i: Review of Scientific Instruments. - : AIP Publishing. - 0034-6748 .- 1089-7623. ; 82:6, s. 065112-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe the design of a novel type of storage device currently under construction at Stockholm University, Sweden, using purely electrostatic focussing and deflection elements, in which ion beams of opposite charges are confined under extreme high vacuum cryogenic conditions in separate rings and merged over a common straight section. The construction of this double electrostatic ion ring experiment uniquely allows for studies of interactions between cations and anions at low and well-defined internal temperatures and centre-of-mass collision energies down to about 10 K and 10 meV, respectively. Position sensitive multi-hit detector systems have been extensively tested and proven to work in cryogenic environments and these will be used to measure correlations between reaction products in, for example, electron-transfer processes. The technical advantages of using purely electrostatic ion storage devices over magnetic ones are many, but the most relevant are: electrostatic elements which are more compact and easier to construct; remanent fields, hysteresis, and eddy-currents, which are of concern in magnetic devices, are no longer relevant; and electrical fields required to control the orbit of the ions are not only much easier to create and control than the corresponding magnetic fields, they also set no upper mass limit on the ions that can be stored. These technical differences are a boon to new areas of fundamental experimental research, not only in atomic and molecular physics but also in the boundaries of these fields with chemistry and biology. For examples, studies of interactions with internally cold molecular ions will be particular useful for applications in astrophysics, while studies of solvated ionic clusters will be of relevance to aeronomy and biology.
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| 35. |
- Örtendahl, Monica, et al.
(författare)
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Estimated Time for Occurrence of Smoking-Related Consequences among Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Women
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1660-4601. ; 6:5, s. 1665-1675
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To study time estimates by women smokers for when smokingrelated consequences will occur given continuing or quitting smoking. The relationship of these estimates to pregnancy and intent to quit smoking was also investigated. Methods: Over a two-week period, eighty women, selected to constitute four subgroups formed by pregnant vs. non-pregnant and trying vs. not trying to quit smoking, rated times at which they would expect smoking-related consequences to occur given continuing or quitting smoking. Results: Somatic health consequences were estimated to occur later than consequences related to mood and social relations. All consequences were estimated to occur later given quitting smoking. Pregnancy had an effect on the estimated time that consequences would occur, with pregnant women estimating earlier occurrence of consequences related to mood and social relations than non-pregnant women did. Conclusion: Health messages should stress consequences for somatic health in quitting smoking, since outcomes later in time might have too low a value to exert a positive effect on decisions to quit smoking.
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