| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Singh, Ashutosh, et al.
(författare)
-
Taxonomy of cryptic species in theCyornis rubeculoidescomplex in the Indian subcontinent
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Ibis. - : WILEY. - 0019-1019 .- 1474-919X. ; 162:3, s. 924-935
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Taxa classified as subspecies may in fact be cryptic species. We assessed the taxonomic status of the Blue-throated FlycatcherCyornis rubeculoidescomplex in India, which consists of several forms with similar plumages and song. We used mitochondrial and nuclearDNA, plumage traits, and detailed song analysis to ascertain the taxonomic status of the different forms. The molecular data identified three primary clades: (1) in the west Himalayan foothills, (2) at higher elevations in the northeast hill states of Meghalaya, Nagaland and Mizoram, and (3) at lower elevations in the northeastern hills of Meghalaya and the east Himalayas of Arunachal Pradesh. The western clade represents nominateC. rubeculoides rubeculoides. The high-elevation eastern clade was considered to beC. rubeculoides rogersi, because it included a sample from this subspecies from near the type locality in southwest Myanmar. These two sister clades had an estimated divergence time of 1.5 million years (my). The low-elevation east clade has previously been assigned toC. rubeculoides, but we showed it is closely related to the Hainan Blue FlycatcherCyornis hainanus, formerly thought to breed only further east, with an estimated divergence time of only ~0.8 my. This clade may represent a subspecies ofC. hainanusor, given reports of widespread sympatry withC. hainanusin Thailand, a distinct species,Cyornis dialilaemus. However, more research is advocated, including molecular data, from the area of overlap. Songs were remarkably similar across all taxa. In playback experiments,C. r. rubeculoidesin the west responded to all taxa. This is in agreement with recent work demonstrating that song differences and responses to songs are not always a good indicator of the progress of reproductive isolation.
|
|
| 3. |
- Eapen, Mathew Suji, et al.
(författare)
-
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Lung Cancer : Underlying Pathophysiology and New Therapeutic Modalities
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Drugs. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0012-6667 .- 1179-1950. ; 78:16, s. 1717-1740
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer are major lung diseases affecting millions worldwide. Both diseases have links to cigarette smoking and exert a considerable societal burden. People suffering from COPD are at higher risk of developing lung cancer than those without, and are more susceptible to poor outcomes after diagnosis and treatment. Lung cancer and COPD are closely associated, possibly sharing common traits such as an underlying genetic predisposition, epithelial and endothelial cell plasticity, dysfunctional inflammatory mechanisms including the deposition of excessive extracellular matrix, angiogenesis, susceptibility to DNA damage and cellular mutagenesis. In fact, COPD could be the driving factor for lung cancer, providing a conducive environment that propagates its evolution. In the early stages of smoking, body defences provide a combative immune/oxidative response and DNA repair mechanisms are likely to subdue these changes to a certain extent; however, in patients with COPD with lung cancer the consequences could be devastating, potentially contributing to slower postoperative recovery after lung resection and increased resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Vital to the development of new-targeted therapies is an in-depth understanding of various molecular mechanisms that are associated with both pathologies. In this comprehensive review, we provide a detailed overview of possible underlying factors that link COPD and lung cancer, and current therapeutic advances from both human and preclinical animal models that can effectively mitigate this unholy relationship.
|
|
| 4. |
- Gangwar, Abhishek, et al.
(författare)
-
IrisSeg : A Fast and Robust Iris Segmentation Framework for Non-Ideal Iris Images
- 2016
-
Ingår i: 2016 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOMETRICS (ICB). - Piscataway : IEEE. - 9781509018697
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a state-of-the-art iris segmentation framework specifically for non-ideal irises. The framework adopts coarse-to-fine strategy to localize different boundaries. In the approach, pupil is coarsely detected using an iterative search method exploiting dynamic thresholding and multiple local cues. The limbic boundary is first approximated in polar space using adaptive filters and then refined in Cartesianspace. The framework is quite robust and unlike the previously reported works, does notrequire tuning of parameters for different databases. The segmentation accuracy (SA) is evaluated using well known measures; precision, recall and F-measure, using the publicly available ground truth data for challenging iris databases; CASIAV4-Interval, ND-IRIS-0405, and IITD. In addition, the approach is also evaluated on highly challenging periocular images of FOCS database. The validity of proposed framework is also ascertained by providing comprehensive comparisons with classical approaches as well asstate-of-the-art methods such as; CAHT, WAHET, IFFP, GST and Osiris v4.1. The results demonstrate that our approach provides significant improvements in segmentation accuracy as well as in recognition performance that too with lower computational complexity. © 2016 IEEE.
|
|
| 5. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
-
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
|
|
| 6. |
- Kumari, Arti, et al.
(författare)
-
Estimation of Actual Evapotranspiration and Crop Coefficient of Transplanted Puddled Rice Using a Modified Non-Weighing Paddy Lysimeter
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Agronomy. - : MDPI. - 2073-4395. ; 12:11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lysimetric and eddy covariance techniques are commonly used to directly estimate actual crop evapotranspiration (ETa). However, these technologies are costly, laborious, and require skills which make in situ ET estimation difficult, particularly in developing countries. With this in mind, an attempt was made to determine ETa and stagewise crop coefficient (Kc) values of transplanted puddled rice using a modified non-weighing paddy lysimeter. The results were compared to indirect methods, viz., FAO Penman–Monteith and pan evaporation. Daily ETa ranged from 1.9 to 8.2 mmday−1, with a mean of 4.02 ± 1.35 mmday−1, and their comparison showed that the FAO Penman–Monteith equation performed well for the coefficient of determination (R2 of 0.63), root mean squared error (RMSE = 0.80), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE = 13.6 %), and was highly correlated with ETa throughout the crop season. However, the pan evaporation approach was underestimated (R2 of 0.24; RMSE = 0.98; MAPE = 22.13%) due to a consistent pan coefficient value (0.71), vegetation role and measurement errors. In addition, actual Kc values were obtained as 1.13 ± 0.13, 1.27 ± 0.2, 1.23 ± 0.16, and 0.93 ± 0.18 for the initial, crop development, mid-season, and end-season stages, respectively. These estimated crop coefficient values were higher than FAO Kc values. Statistical analysis results revealed that the overall stagewise-derived average Kc values were in line with FAO values, but different from the derived pan Kc values, although found insignificant at a 5% significance level. In addition, water productivity and agro-meteorological indices were derived to evaluate the cultivar performance in this experiment. Therefore, such a methodology may be used in the absence of weighing lysimeter-derived Kc values. The derived regional Kc values can be applied to improve irrigation scheduling under similar agro-climatic conditions.
|
|
| 7. |
- Rai, Radheshyam, et al.
(författare)
-
Experimental Techniques: An Introductory Overview
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Synthesis, Characterization and Application of Smart Materials. - USA : Nova Science Publishers, Inc.. - 9781614706427 ; , s. 15-30
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Smart materials, one of the more focused points in materials research, deal primarily with the chemistry, physics and applications of materials in the real world because it induces conformational changes in complex structures and properties which are useful for the control of them. The thrust area of these types of materials are the combination of functional properties like thermal, electric, magnetic, superconducting and optical, which have led to the development of a wide range of new technological devices. These types of materials have been found to be very useful and interesting for various solid state devices. This book examines research developments of smart materials, including processing, properties and applications, which include device materials and environmentally friendly materials. (Imprint: Nova)
|
|
| 8. |
- Sanjay, Sharda Sunaram, et al.
(författare)
-
Mode of Growth Mechanism of Nanocrystal Using Biomolecules
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Intelligent Nanomaterials. - USA : John Wiley & Sons. - 9780470938799 ; , s. 625-648
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The last three decades have seen extraordinary advances in the generation of new materials based on both fundamental elements and composites, driven by advances in synthetic chemistry and often drawing inspiration from nature. The concept of an intelligent material envisions additional functionality built into the molecular structure, such that a desirable response occurs under defined conditions.
|
|
| 9. |
- Singh, Ravindra P., et al.
(författare)
-
Biomimetic Materials toward Application of Nanobiodevices
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Intelligent Nanomaterials. - USA : John Wiley & Sons. - 9780470938799 ; , s. 741-782
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The last three decades have seen extraordinary advances in the generation of new materials based on both fundamental elements and composites, driven by advances in synthetic chemistry and often drawing inspiration from nature. The concept of an intelligent material envisions additional functionality built into the molecular structure, such that a desirable response occurs under defined conditions.
|
|
| 10. |
- Singh, Ravindra Pratap, et al.
(författare)
-
Smart Nanomaterials for Biosensors, Biochips and Molecular Bioelectronics
- 2012. - 1
-
Ingår i: Smart Nanomaterials for Sensor Application. - USA : Bentham eBooks. - 9781608052417 ; , s. 3-41
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The domain of biology has greatly been benefited by advances in other sciences leading to new levels of sensitivity, precision and resolution in biomolecular detection. The key driving force is the complementary length scale between biological structures that range from the 10's of nanometers (proteins, DNA, viruses) to the micron scale (cells and cellular assemblies) and capabilities of nanosystems to manipulate and control such feature sizes within our environment. Progress and development in biosensor development will inevitably focus upon the technology of the nanomaterials that promise to solve the biocompatibility and biofouling problems. The biosensors are integrated with new technologies in molecular biology, micro-fluidics, and smart nanomaterials, have applications in agricultural production, food processing, and environmental monitoring for rapid, specific, sensitive, inexpensive, in-field, on-line and/or real-time detection of pesticides, antibiotics, pathogens, toxins, proteins, microbes, plants, animals, foods, soil, air, and water. Thus, biosensors are excellent analytical tools for pollution monitoring, by which implementation of legislative provisions to safeguard our biosphere could be made effectively plausible. The current trends and challenges with smart nanomaterials for various applications have been the focuse in this chapter that pertains to biosensor development, bionanoelectronics, nanotechnology, biotechnology and miniaturization. All these growing areas will have a remarkable influence on the development of new ultra biosensing devices to resolve the severe pollution problems in the future that not only challenge the human health but also affect adversely other various comforts to living entities.
|
|
| 11. |
- Singh, Ravindra P., et al.
(författare)
-
Synthesis, Characterization of Metal-Oxide Nanomaterials for Biosensors
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Synthesis, characterization and application of smart materials. - USA : Nova Science Publishers, Inc.. - 9781614706427 ; , s. 225-238
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Smart materials, one of the more focused points in materials research, deal primarily with the chemistry, physics and applications of materials in the real world because it induces conformational changes in complex structures and properties which are useful for the control of them. The thrust area of these types of materials are the combination of functional properties like thermal, electric, magnetic, superconducting and optical, which have led to the development of a wide range of new technological devices. These types of materials have been found to be very useful and interesting for various solid state devices. This book examines research developments of smart materials, including processing, properties and applications, which include device materials and environmentally friendly materials.
|
|
| 12. |
- Singh, Ravindra P., et al.
(författare)
-
Utility and Potential Application of Nanomaterials in Medicine
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Biomedical Materials and Diagnostic Devices. - USA : John Wiley & Sons. - 9781118030141 ; , s. 215-260
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The functional materials with the most promising outlook have the ability to precisely adjust the biological phenomenon in a controlled mode. Engineering of advanced bio- materials has found striking applications in used for biomedical and diagnostic device applications, such as cell separation, stem-cell, drug delivery, hyperthermia, automated DNA extraction, gene targeting, resonance imaging, biosensors, tissue engineering and organ regeneration.
|
|
| 13. |
- Singh, Varshika, et al.
(författare)
-
Recent trends in computational tools and data-driven modeling for advanced materials
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Materials Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2633-5409. ; 3:10, s. 4069-4087
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paradigm of advanced materials has grown exponentially over the last decade, with their new dimensions including digital design, dynamics, and functions. Materials modeling such as that of their properties and behavior in various environments using ab initio approaches, force-field methods and machine learning represents a key step in advanced research. Computational techniques and theoretical models pave the way for establishing the structure-property relationship for designing advanced materials with novel properties and improving their performances. Likewise, high accuracy and fewer computational resources of machine-learning approaches have been widely considered for materials design in the recent years. Furthermore, the information derived from materials studies needs to be properly stored and re-analyzed, making big data analysis an essential requirement for further investigations. The information thus generated has also led to the evolution of the genome of materials for the fostering of advanced materials. Thus, various theoretical and computational approaches provide useful predictions about materials properties and efficiency, ultimately leading to the substantial improvements for new-age devices.
|
|
| 14. |
- Tiwari, Ashutosh, et al.
(författare)
-
Bionanomaterials for Emerging Biosensors Technology
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Synthesis, Characterization and Application of Smart Materials. - USA : Nova Science Publishers, Inc.. - 9781614706427 ; , s. 137-154
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Smart materials, one of the more focused points in materials research, deal primarily with the chemistry, physics and applications of materials in the real world because it induces conformational changes in complex structures and properties which are useful for the control of them. The thrust area of these types of materials are the combination of functional properties like thermal, electric, magnetic, superconducting and optical, which have led to the development of a wide range of new technological devices. These types of materials have been found to be very useful and interesting for various solid state devices. This book examines research developments of smart materials, including processing, properties and applications, which include device materials and environmentally friendly materials
|
|
| 15. |
- Tiwari, Ashutosh, et al.
(författare)
-
Vinyls Modified Guar Gum Biodegradable Plastics
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Synthesis, Characterization and Application of Smart Materials. - USA : Nova Science Publishers, Inc.. - 9781614706427 ; , s. 125-136
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Smart materials, one of the more focused points in materials research, deal primarily with the chemistry, physics and applications of materials in the real world because it induces conformational changes in complex structures and properties which are useful for the control of them. The thrust area of these types of materials are the combination of functional properties like thermal, electric, magnetic, superconducting and optical, which have led to the development of a wide range of new technological devices. These types of materials have been found to be very useful and interesting for various solid state devices. This book examines research developments of smart materials, including processing, properties and applications, which include device materials and environmentally friendly materials
|
|
| 16. |
- Yadav, Raghvendra S., et al.
(författare)
-
Smart Nanomaterials for Space and Energy Applications
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Intelligent Nanomaterials. - USA : John Wiley & Sons. - 9780470938799 ; , s. 213-250
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The last three decades have seen extraordinary advances in the generation of new materials based on both fundamental elements and composites, driven by advances in synthetic chemistry and often drawing inspiration from nature. The concept of an intelligent material envisions additional functionality built into the molecular structure, such that a desirable response occurs under defined conditions.Divided into 4 parts: Inorganic Materials; Organic Materials; Composite Materials; and Biomaterials, the 22 chapters cover the latest research and developments in the processing, properties, and applications of intelligent nanomaterials. Included are molecular device materials, biomimetic materials, hybrid-type functionalized polymers-composite materials, information-and energy-transfer materials, as well as environmentally friendly materials.
|
|
