| 1. |
- Aalipour, Mojgan, et al.
(author)
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Identification of Factors affecting Human performance in Mining Maintenance tasks
- 2014
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In: Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop and congress on eMaintenance. - Luleå : Luleå tekniska universitet. - 9789174399721 - 9789174399738 ; , s. 71-76
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper investigates the factors affecting humanperformance in maintenance task in mining sector. Theobjective is identify various factors and to classify them asdriving (strong driving power and weak dependence) anddependent factors (weak driving power and strongdependence). The factors were identified through literaturesurvey and are ranked using mean score of data questionnaire.The reliability of measures is pretested by applyingCronbach’s alpha coefficient to responses to a questionnairegiven to maintenance personnel. The interrelationshipsbetween human factors have been recognized by interpretivestructural modeling (ISM). Further, these factors have beenclassified using matrice d'impacts croises-multiplicationappliqué à un classement (MICMAC) analysing. This casestudy will figure out the factors affecting human performancefor deriving maintenance management insights to improveproductivity in the mining sector. Further, this understandingmay be helpful in framing the policies and strategies formining industry. Temperature, lighting, documentation,communication and fitness are driving factors. Moreover,Work layout, tools availability, complex tasks, time pressure,safety, boss decisions, training, fatigue and motivation havestrong driving power as well as high dependencies and itcomes under the category of linkage factors.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Björling, Sten-Erik, et al.
(author)
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Maintenance knowledge management with fusion of CMMS and CM
- 2013
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In: DMIN 2013 International Conference on Data Mining.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Maintenance can be considered as an information, knowledge processing and management system. The management of knowledge resources in maintenance is a relatively new issue compared to Computerized Maintenance Management Systems (CMMS) and Condition Monitoring (CM) approaches and systems. Information Communication technologies (ICT) systems including CMMS, CM and enterprise administrative systems amongst others are effective in supplying data and in some cases information. In order to be effective the availability of high-quality knowledge, skills and expertise are needed for effective analysis and decision-making based on the supplied information and data. Information and data are not by themselves enough, knowledge, experience and skills are the key factors when maximizing the usability of the collected data and information. Thus, effective knowledge management (KM) is growing in importance, especially in advanced processes and management of advanced and expensive assets. Therefore efforts to successfully integrate maintenance knowledge management processes with accurate information from CMMSs and CM systems will be vital due to the increasing complexities of the overall systems.Low maintenance effectiveness costs money and resources since normal and stable production cannot be upheld and maintained over time, lowered maintenance effectiveness can have a substantial impact on the organizations ability to obtain stable flows of income and control costs in the overall process. Ineffective maintenance is often dependent on faulty decisions, mistakes due to lack of experience and lack of functional systems for effective information exchange [10]. Thus, access to knowledge, experience and skills resources in combination with functional collaboration structures can be regarded as vital components for a high maintenance effectiveness solution.Maintenance effectiveness depends in part on the quality, timeliness, accuracy and completeness of information related to machine degradation state, based on which decisions are made. Maintenance effectiveness, to a large extent, also depends on the quality of the knowledge of the managers and maintenance operators and the effectiveness of the internal & external collaborative environments. With emergence of intelligent sensors to measure and monitor the health state of the component and gradual implementation of ICT) in organizations, the conceptualization and implementation of E-Maintenance is turning into a reality. Unfortunately, even though knowledge management aspects are important in maintenance, the integration of KM aspects has still to find its place in E-Maintenance and in the overall information flows of larger-scale maintenance solutions. Nowadays, two main systems are implemented in most maintenance departments: Firstly, Computer Maintenance Management Systems (CMMS), the core of traditional maintenance record-keeping practices that often facilitate the usage of textual descriptions of faults and actions performed on an asset. Secondly, condition monitoring systems (CMS). Recently developed (CMS) are capable of directly monitoring asset components parameters; however, attempts to link observed CMMS events to CM sensor measurements have been limited in their approach and scalability. In this article we present one approach for addressing this challenge. We argue that understanding the requirements and constraints in conjunction - from maintenance, knowledge management and ICT perspectives - is necessary. We identify the issues that need be addressed for achieving successful integration of such disparate data types and processes (also integrating knowledge management into the “data types” and processes).
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| 4. |
- Illankoon, Prasanna, 1977-, et al.
(author)
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Decision Support System for Flight Maintenance Technicians : Issues and Challenges
- 2019
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In: Proceedings of the 5th international workshop and congress on eMaintenace. - Luleå, Sweden : Luleå University of Technology. ; , s. 88-94
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this article, we summarize the key insights into the fast-rising areas in decision support and integration of flight maintenance information. The study elaborates the need and challenges of decision support for flight maintenance technicians. The major focus is on the decision support that allows maintenance technicians as end users to interact and get a better understanding of the systems (flights) they are dealing with.
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| 5. |
- Illankoon, Prasanna, et al.
(author)
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Ergonomics for enhancing detection of machine abnormalities
- 2016
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In: Work. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 55:2, s. 271-280
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND:Detecting abnormal machine conditions is of great importance in an autonomous maintenance environment. Ergonomic aspects can be invaluable when detection of machine abnormalities using human senses is examined.OBJECTIVES:This research outlines the ergonomic issues involved in detecting machine abnormalities and suggests how ergonomics would improve such detections.METHODS:Cognitive Task Analysis was performed in a plant in Sri Lanka where Total Productive Maintenance is being implemented to identify sensory types that would be used to detect machine abnormalities and relevant Ergonomic characteristics.RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS:As the outcome of this research, a methodology comprising of an Ergonomic Gap Analysis Matrix for machine abnormality detection is presented.
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| 6. |
- Illankoon, Prasanna, 1977-, et al.
(author)
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Lockout and Tagout in a Manufacturing Setting from a Situation Awareness Perspective
- 2019
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In: Safety. - Basel : MDPI. - 2313-576X. ; 5:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Applying lockouts during maintenance is intended to avoid accidental energy release, whereas tagging them out keeps employees aware of what is going on with the machine. In spite of regulations, serious accidents continue to occur due to lapses during lockout and tagout (LOTO) applications. Few studies have examined LOTO effectiveness from a user perspective. This article studies LOTO processes at a manufacturing organization from a situation awareness (SA) perspective. Technicians and machine operators were interviewed, a focus group discussion was conducted, and operators were observed. Qualitative content analysis revealed perceptual, comprehension and projection challenges associated with different phases of LOTO applications. The findings can help lockout/tagout device manufacturers and organizations that apply LOTO to achieve maximum protection.
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| 7. |
- Illankoon, Prasanna, 1977-
(author)
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Soft Issues of Industry 4.0 : A study on human-machine interactions
- 2020
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Autonomous industrial operations are becoming the norm due to advancements in technology, which has led to both advantages and disadvantages for the organisations involved. The use of intelligent systems has resulted in higher system reliability, a higher quality product, and reduced risk for human error. These systems collect large amounts of information, analyse them, make predictions, and take decisions, of which humans cannot do in the same capacity, have led to new and expanded levels of interactions. One key aspect concerns the fact that human interaction has decreased although has become more critical than before. Even if the systems are advanced and automated, human intervention is still necessary: such as maintenance actions, selection of data to train the system, and advanced decision making. Human intervention is especially crucial when dealing with complex and safety critical systems, where and when immediate interventions are required. Moreover, an expert human can improvise and make novel decisions in a capacity that present intelligent systems cannot. The problem is that both humans and machines need assistance to perform well. Autonomous operation is not perfect and when problems arise, humans must react. Although it is common that humans when not actively interacting with the system tend to lose perspective and find it difficult to quickly analyse a situation when it arises. Which means that they “fall out of the loop”. Their ability to gain a good understanding of the situation and make good decisions when the system suddenly needs their interaction is lost. In other words, humans have lost their situation awareness (SA) and a good SA it is needed in dynamic environments if they are to intervene quickly and successfully. If, and when a system can assist a human to quickly assess the situation and get back “into the loop” then the human can make educated decisions in a much quicker fashion. The purpose of this research was to explore and describe the importance of SA in maintenance and to recommend how to develop and provide better SA for intelligent maintenance systems (IMS).This thesis consists of a literature study conducted to develop the theoretical framework and two case studies were used to test the theoretical concepts. The thesis work tested five systematic methodologies to find suitable interventions to fulfil the SA requirements. The first case study focused on SA requirements during maintenance execution in a manufacturing organisation; there a quick return to production was the focus. The second case study was SA requirements in maintenance in the aviation domain, where safety is a top priority. The case study data were collected using interviews, observations, focus groups, and archival records. These qualitative data were analysed using qualitative content analysis, cognitive task analysis, and case taxonomic analysis.This work resulted in the identification of seven key SA requirements for maintenance: consisting of detection of abnormalities; diagnosing and predicting their behaviour; making changes in system configuration; compliance with maintenance standards; conducting effective maintenance judgements; maintenance teams; and for safe maintenance work. Five strategies to maintain SA were identified: explicit knowledge status, sense making, recognition primed decision making, skilled intuition, and heuristics. We also argue why IMS will make it difficult for humans to use most of these strategies to maintain SA in future. Finally, a new theoretical model for decision support (Distributed Collaborative Awareness Model) was developed. The study also shows how to apply these interventions in the railway maintenance sector. In conclusion, this study shows that in the maintenance domain, keeping humans in the loop requires a novel collaborative approach where the integration of the strengths of intelligent systems and human cognition is necessary. We also argue that a better understanding of SA strategies will lead to the further development of SA support for the human operator and maintenance technician.
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| 8. |
- Kour, Ravdeep, 1981-, et al.
(author)
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Big Data Analytics for Maintaining Transportation Systems
- 2019
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In: Transportation Systems. - Singapore : Springer. ; , s. 73-91
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Big Data Analytics (BDA) is becoming a research focus in transportation systems, which can be seen from many projects within the world. By using sensor and Internet of Things (IoT) technology in transportation system, huge amount of data is been generated from different sources. This data can be integrated, analyzed and visualized for efficient and effective decision-making for maintaining transportation systems. The key challenges that exist in managing Big Data are the designing of the systems, which would be able to handle huge amount of data efficiently and effectively and to filter the most significant information from all the collected data. This chapter will draw attention towards the present scenario and future projections of big data in transportation systems. It also presents big data tools and techniques and then presents one brief case study of BDA in each type of transportation system. In this chapter, a broad overview of Big Data definitions, its history, present, and future prospects are briefed. Several tools and technologies especially for transportation are pointed out for maintaining transportation systems. At the end of the chapter, a definitive case studies on each transportation area is demonstrated.
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| 9. |
- Kour, Ravdeep, 1981-, et al.
(author)
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Cybersecurity Workforce in Railway : A Case Study
- 2019
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In: Proceedings of the 5<sup>th</sup> International Workshop and Congress on eMaintenance. - : Luleå University of Technology. ; , s. 28-32
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Railway will continue to adapt new digital solutions which are necessary and vulnerable to cyber threats. The history of cyber-attacks on critical infrastructures including railway suggests that there is a need for cybersecurity awareness. Both for employees and the general public. The very first step in cyber hygiene is cybersecurity training and awareness for the workforce. A well-educated workforce plays a vital role in building more cyber resiliency across the organization's operation and maintenance. The objective of this research is to evaluate the cybersecurity maturity level for workforce management in three railway organizations. The results show that there is a cybersecurity workforce gap and there is a need to eliminate this gap by enhancing cybersecurity workforce culture. Henceforth, this gap can be improved by developing cybersecurity culture, including cybersecurity training and awareness and by following recommendations provided in this paper.
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| 10. |
- Kukshal, Vikas, et al.
(author)
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Augmented Technology for Safety and Maintenance in Industry 4.0
- 2020
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In: Applications and Challenges of Maintenance and Safety Engineering in Industry 4.0. - : IGI Global. ; , s. 134-141
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The traditional manufacturing system is going through a rapid transformation and has brought a revolution in the industries. Industry 4.0 is considered to be a new era of the industrial revolution in which all the processes are integrated with a product to achieve higher efficiency. Digitization and automation have changed the nature of work resulting in an intelligent manufacturing system. The benefits of Industry 4.0 include higher productivity and increased flexibility. However, the implementation of the new processes and methods comes along with a lot of challenges. Industry 4.0. requires more skilled workers to handle the operations of the digitalized manufacturing system. The fourth industrial revolution or Industry 4.0 has become the absolute reality and will undoubtedly have an impact on safety and maintenance. Hence, to tackle the issues arising due to digitization is an area of concern and has to be dealt with using the innovative technologies in the manufacturing industries.
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| 11. |
- Kyriakidis, Miltos, et al.
(author)
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The indirect costs assessment of railway incidents and their relationship to human error : The case of Signals Passed at Danger
- 2019
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In: Journal of Rail Transport Planning & Management. - : Elsevier. - 2210-9706 .- 2210-9714. ; 9, s. 34-45
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The majority of railway incidents result neither in passenger nor operators harm, nor they lead to any severe damage on the rolling stock or the infrastructure. Nevertheless, such incidents result in financial loses, broadly known as indirect costs, which are difficult to identify, isolate, evaluate, and quantify. This paper introduces a framework to quantify the indirect costs in railway operations. Furthermore, as degraded human performance remains a major contributor to operational errors and railway incidents, this study explores for associations between the indirect costs and the factors that affect and contribute to degraded human performance. The framework was implemented in the calculation of the Category A1 Signals Passed at Danger (SPADs) indirect costs. Data was obtained from two UK train operators, while the associated human performance was analysed using the Railway-Performance Shaping Factors (R-PSFs) taxonomy. Employing Spearman's rank order correlation and Fisher's exact statistical tests the associations between R-PSFs and indirect costs were reviewed. Results show significant correlations between the R-PSFs and indirect costs, but only if the importance and severity of every individual R-PSFs is considered. We expect our findings to aid the relevant stakeholders on their efforts to make better decisions on improving safety performance of railway operations.
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| 12. |
- Martinetti, Alberto, et al.
(author)
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Gone in 2s : a deep dive into perfection analysing the collaborative maintenance pitstop of Formula 1
- 2021
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In: Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1355-2511 .- 1758-7832. ; 27:3, s. 550-564
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose - The paper aims to convert into useable guidelines, the knowledge related to human factors and tasks' organisation, which are embedded in one of the most exciting maintenance actions that are carried out, the pitstop in Formula 1 races.Design/methodology/approach - The paper opted for a fault tree analysis (FTA) to de-construct all the sub-tasks and their possible deviations from desirable situations and to evaluate the most relevant information needed for carrying out the pitstop operation. Besides, the SHELL model was applied in a second stage to evaluate the interaction between human being and human interfaces with other components of the system. Once this set of information was crystallised, the research translated it into useable guidelines for organising industrial maintenance actions using the same approach and possible reaching the same results.Findings - The results of this study is a structured set of guidelines that encompasses the most paramount aspects that should be considered for setting correct maintenance actions. They represent a “guide” for including the different angles that are included during these operations.Research limitations/implications - The guidelines are potentially applicable to every maintenance operation. The guidelines should be tested on different working domains to check their applicability besides the racing world.Practical implications - This study is a reverse engineering work for creating a scheme to include into maintenance operations aspects such as crew athlete-like fitness, training, technology, organisational issues, safety, ergonomics and psychology.Originality/value - The value of the paper is deconstructing the results of one of the most successful and prepared maintenance action. The paper takes a different approach in proposing how to structure and create maintenance solutions. The difference in approaches between the maintenance during the pitstop of Formula 1 car and industrial applications enhances the gap that needs still to be filled for further improving maintenance actions out of the racing world.
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| 13. |
- Martinetti, Alberto, et al.
(author)
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Maintenance 4.0 : Where Are We? A Systematic Literature Review
- 2020
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In: Applications and Challenges of Maintenance and Safety Engineering in Industry 4.0. - : IGI Global. ; , s. 1-30
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aiming to remain competitive, companies from diverse industries are paying more attention to Industry 4.0 concept and its benefits. Maintenance is seen as a specific area of action to successfully sustain a competitive leverage, and its fusion with Industry 4.0 is perceived to revolutionize the whole maintenance concept. Maintenance 4.0 emerges as a subset of Industry 4.0 in the form of self-learning and smart system that predicts failures, makes diagnoses, and establishes maintenance actions. This chapter presents a systematic literature review (SLR) on Maintenance 4.0, with the aim of outlining the current achievements as well as limitations of maintenance meeting Industry 4.0 demands. The analysis included 90 papers selected as being the most suitable to reach the proposed goal. A state of the art on Maintenance 4.0 is performed, followed by an analysis ambitioning the delineation of what future holds on this topic.
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| 14. |
- Martinetti, Alberto, et al.
(author)
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Reflections on the Limited Pervasiveness of Augmented Reality in Industrial Sectors
- 2019
-
In: Applied Sciences. - : MDPI. - 2076-3417. ; 9:16
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The paper aims to investigate the reasons why Augmented Reality (AR) has not fully broken the industrial market yet, or found a wider application in industries. The main research question the paper tries to answer is: what are the factors (and to what extent) that are limiting AR? Firstly, a reflection on the state of art of AR applications in industries is proposed, to discover the sectors more commonly chosen for deploying the technology so far. Later, based on a survey conducted after that, three AR applications have been tested on manufacturing, automotive, and railway sectors, and the paper pinpoints key aspects that are conditioning its embedding in the daily working life. In order to compare whether the perception of employees from railway, automotive, and manufacturing sectors differs significantly, a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been used. Later, suggestions are formulated in order to improve these aspects in the industry world. Finally, the paper indicates the main conclusions, highlighting possible future researches to start.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Oliveira, Ruben, et al.
(author)
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An augmented reality application to support maintenance – is it possible?
- 2013
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In: MPMM 2013 (Maintenance Performance Measurement and Management). - Lappeenranta, Finland. - 9789522654434 - 9789522654434 ; , s. 260-271
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Augmented Reality (AR) is a trend technology with many applications for domestic consumers. On the past it was developed significant projects with the objective to introduceAR in industrial environments, but did those projects be succeeded?AR looks like to be a powerful technology, but can it be applied to industrial environments? And for the Maintenance sector in particular?This paper pretends to answer the above questions and explain how to overcome restrictions detected on previous projects by presenting some results from a project under development, (Oliveira et al., 2012).It will also be presented a Computer Maintenance Management Systems (CMMS) called SMIT (Farinha et al., 2008) and its innovations with the integration of modules like active 3D models for technical assets and an AR module.Machines are enabled to do more and more complex tasks and, consequently, their aintenance is becoming more complex too. This gain of complexity might need new tools to support maintenance interventions and also demands new methodologies to implement for the technicians training in order to perform a better apprenticeship aiming to minimize the cost of each maintenance intervention. AR can give a great contribute to enhance training conditionsand technicians capabilities.
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| 17. |
- Pinto, Constâncio António, et al.
(author)
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Contributions of petri nets to the reliability and availability of an electrical power system in a big European hospital - A case study
- 2021
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In: WSEAS transactions on systems and control. - : World Scientific and Engineering Academy and Society. - 1991-8763 .- 2224-2856. ; 16, s. 21-42
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The energy power supply infrastructure of a hospital, to function correctly, needs to be well maintained to ensure its reliability and, by consequence, the maximum integrated availability. In this paper, the authors propose the use of Petri Nets to help the improvement of the electric power system reliability, having as a case study a big European Hospital. The purpose of the research is to identify and analyse the potential failures of the system and to suggest solutions to improve the operations and maintenance to maximise the availability and reliability of those assets through possible and objective answers. It was necessary to develop a diagnosis and planning methodology to assess the reliability of several components of the energy power supply system. It is dynamic modelling based on a block diagram of the system and transposed to representation by Petri Nets. The analysis and the simulation of the discrete events of the system, as well as the visualisation of the process functioning and the communications inside, was made. Additionally, they were referred to other approaches, like the Fuzzy Petri Nets and Stochastic Petri Nets, as well as a future balance about its application in a situation like the analysed in this paper.
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| 18. |
- Pinto, Constancio Antonio, et al.
(author)
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Increasing the Reliability of an Electrical Power System in a Big European Hospital through the Petri Nets and Fuzzy Inference System Mamdani Modelling
- 2021
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In: Applied Sciences. - : MDPI. - 2076-3417. ; 11:6
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The big hospitals’ electricity supply system’s reliability is discussed in this article through Petri nets and Fuzzy Inference System (FIS). To simulate and analyse an electric power system, the FIS Mamdani in MATLAB is implemented. The advantage of FIS is that it uses human experience to provide a faster solution than conventional techniques. The elements involved are the Main Electrical Power, the Generator sets, the Automatic Transfer Switches (ATS), and the Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS), which are analysed to characterize the system behaviour. To evaluate the system and identified the lower reliability modules being proposed, a new reliable design model through the Petri Nets and Fuzzy Inference System approach. The resulting approach contributes to increasing the reliability of complex electrical systems, aiming to reduce their faults and increase their availability.
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| 19. |
- Singh, Sarbjeet, et al.
(author)
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Applying human factor analysis tools to a railway brake and wheel maintenance facility
- 2015
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In: Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering. - 1355-2511 .- 1758-7832. ; 21:1, s. 89-99
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PurposeThis paper demonstrates three techniques to extract human factor information from specific railway maintenance tasks. It describes the techniques and shows how these tools can be applied to identify improvements in maintenance practices and workflow. Design/methodology/approachThree case studies were conducted on single group of technicians (N=19) at a railway maintenance workshop in Luleå, Sweden. Case study I examined the posture of the technicians while they were changing the brake shoes of freight wagons; the study employed the Standard Nordic Questionnaire and a videotape using the Ovako Working Posture Analysis System (OWAS). Case study II looked at maintenance repair times required to change the wheel axle on freight wagons at the workshop. A video filming method suggested by the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work was used to measure actual maintenance time. Finally, case study III considered the technicians’ (N=19) perception of work demands, their control over the work and their social support while performing maintenance tasks (brake shoe and wheel axle maintenance); to this end, the case study used a demand control support questionnaire. FindingsIn the first case study, the Standard Nordic Questionnaire confirmed that technicians at this particular railway vehicle maintenance workshop suffer from back and shoulder pain. The Ovako Working Posture Analysis showed that 21% of the working time required to fit the brake wedge and cotter pin fits into two OWAS categories: category 3, where “change is required as soon as possible,” and category 4, where “change is required immediately”. Problems stem from poor workplace layout, incorrect posture and inaccessibility of tools and components. In the second study, the video analysis indicated that the working time to change the wheel axle of a freight wagon is greatly affected by poor workplace layout. The third case study showed that the technicians have lower “psychological demands” (mean=13), “higher control over work” (mean= 16) and “high social support” (mean= 22).Practical implicationsThe objective of this study was to apply knowledge about human factors to the functional relationships between maintenance personnel, tasks and the working environment to improve safety. If the workplace layout, working posture, maintenance manuals and accessibility of tools are poorly planned, maintenance performance can be adversely affected. The results of this study should assist maintenance management to design new policies and guidelines for improving the work environment.Originality/valueThree case studies were conducted at a railway maintenance workshop in Luleå, Sweden, to collect data on how human factors affect various railway maintenance tasks.
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| 20. |
- Singh, Sarbjeet, et al.
(author)
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Bending moment assessment at L5/S1 and parameter optimization using Taguchi design during lifting task
- 2012
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In: Journal of Ergonomic Study. - 2076-5517. ; 14:2, s. 79-89
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper reports on the investigation of the effect of lifting parameters on bending moment at the lower back. The experimental study has been conducted under varying load weights, horizontal location of load from L5/S1 and lifting technique (stoop, full squat and lifting device). The design of experiments approach using Taguchi’s orthogonal array was used. The level of importance of the parameters on bending moment has been determined using the analysis of variance (ANOVA). After implementing a lifting device 26-34 % reduction in bending moment at L5/S1 has been observed.
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| 21. |
- Singh, Sarbjeet, et al.
(author)
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Developing RCM strategy for wind turbines utilizing e-condition monitoring
- 2015
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In: International Journal of Systems Assurance Engineering and Management. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0975-6809 .- 0976-4348. ; 6:2, s. 150-156
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Renewable energy sources such as wind energy are available without any limitations. In order to extract this energy efficiency, the reliability of such technologies is critical if pay back periods and power generation requirements are to be met. Due to recent developments in the field of wind engineering and in particular the expansion of installed capacity around the world, the need for reliable and intelligent diagnostic tools is of greater importance. The number of offshore wind turbines installed in the seas around Britain’s coasts is likely to increase from just fewer than 150–7,500 over the next 10 years with the potential cost of £10 billion. Operation and Maintenance activities are estimated to be 35 % against the cost of electricity. However, the development of appropriate and efficient maintenance strategies is currently lacking in the wind industry. The current reliability and failure modes of offshore wind turbines are known and have been used to develop preventive and corrective maintenance strategies which have done little to improve reliability. In addition, the failure of one minor component can cause escalated damage to a major component, which can increase repair and or replacement costs. A reliability centered maintenance (RCM) approach offers considerable benefit to the management of wind turbine operations since it includes an appreciation of the impact of faults on operations. Due to the high costs involved in performing maintenance and the even higher costs associated with failures and subsequent downtime and repair, it is critical that the impacts are considered when maintenance is planned. This paper provides an overview of the application of RCM and on line e-condition monitoring to wind turbine maintenance management. Unplanned maintenance levels can be reduced by increasing the reliability of the gear box and individual gears through the analysis of lubricants. Finally the paper will discuss the development of a complete sensor-based processing unit that can continuously monitor the wind turbines lubricated systems and provide, via wireless technology, real time data enabling on shore staff with the ability to predict degradation anticipate problems and take remedial action before damage and failure occurs
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| 22. |
- Singh, Sarbjeet, et al.
(author)
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Evaluation of Human Error Probability of Disc Brake Unit Assembly and Wheel Set Maintenance of Railway Bogie
- 2015
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In: Procedia Manufacturing. - : Elsevier. - 2351-9789. ; 3, s. 3041-3048
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The railway sector is key to the continuous expansion of industrialized nations, but the sector's working conditions and human performance requirements are qualitatively different from other industries. Human error in railway maintenance is a subject which warrants serious attention so as to achieve and sustain a competitive advantage. This paper investigates the probability of human error during the maintenance process of disc brake assembly unit and wheel set of railway bogie under various error producing conditions in railway maintenance workshop in Luleå, Sweden. The objective is to evaluate human error probability so as to take measures to reduce the likelihood of errors occurring within a system and, thus, to improve the overall levels of safety. For this paper, a case study that explores the causes of maintenance error during disassembly, inspection, maintenance, assembly and installation was derived from brain storming sessions among subject matter experts (SMEs), i.e technicians, supervisors and academic experts. In our case study, the Human Error Assessment and Reduction Technique (HEART) was implemented to evaluate the probability of human error occurring throughout the completion of maintenance task. HEART is based upon the principle that every time a task is performed on the maintenance of a disc brake assembly unit and wheel set, there is a likelihood of failure and the probability of this is affected by one or more error producing condition, for instance, shortage of time, over-riding information, inexperience etc. This paper presents the need for interventions in the human factor elements of maintenance tasks performed on railway bogie. A number of factors directly or indirectly result in a decline in human performance, leading to errors in maintenance tasks. The probability of a technician committing an error during maintenance of the disc brake assembly unit and wheel set is found to be 0.20 and 0.039 respectively. It has been observed that error producing conditions such as time pressure, ability to detect and perceive problems, the existence of over-riding information, the need to make absolute decisions, and a mismatch between the operator and the designer's model are major contributors to human error.
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| 23. |
- Singh, Sarbjeet, et al.
(author)
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Incorporating Human Reliability Analysis to enhance Maintenance Audits : The Case of Rail Bogie Maintenance
- 2017
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In: International Journal of Prognostics and Health Management. - USA : Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) Society. - 2153-2648. ; 8
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Human errors occurring during railway maintenance activities can significantly reduce the availability of equipment. Identification of potential human errors, their causes and prediction of the associated probabilities are important stages in order to manage such errors. This paper investigates the probability of human error during the maintenance of railway bogies. A case study examines technicians performing maintenance on the disc brake assembly unit, wheel set, and bogie frame under various error producing conditions in a railway maintenance workshop in Luleå, Sweden. The Human Error Assessment and Reduction Technique (HEART) is employed to determine the probability of human error occurring during each of the maintenance tasks, while fault tree analysis is used to define the potential errors throughout the maintenance process. The probability of a technician committing an error during the maintenance of the disc brake assembly, wheel set, and bogie frame is found to be 0.20, 0.039 and 0.021 respectively, with the human error probability (HEP) for the entire bogie 0.24. Time pressure, ability to detect and perceive problems, over-riding information, the need to make decisions and mismatches between the operator and designer’s model turn out to be major contributors to human error. These findings can help maintenance management personnel to better understand the error producing conditions that may lead to errors and in turn serve as an input to modify policies and guidelines for railway maintenance tasks.
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| 24. |
- Singh, Sarbjeet, et al.
(author)
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Modelling factors affecting human operator failure probability in railway maintenance tasks : an ISM-based analysis
- 2015
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In: International Journal of Systems Assurance Engineering and Management. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0975-6809 .- 0976-4348. ; 6:2, s. 129-138
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper investigates the factors affecting human operators’ probability of failure when performing railway maintenance tasks. The objective is to understand the interaction of the various factors and to identify driving and dependent factors. The factors are identified through a survey of the literature and ranked using a Likert scale. The reliability of measures is pretested by applying Cronbach’s alpha coefficient to responses to the questionnaire given to maintenance personnel. An interpretive structural model is presented, and factors are classified using matrice d’impacts croises-multiplication appliquéà un classement (MICMAC). The research may help maintenance management understand the interaction of factors affecting human failure probability in railway maintenance and help management devise policies and guidelines for railway maintenance related tasks.
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| 25. |
- Singh, Sarbjeet, et al.
(author)
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Operator 4.0 Within the Framework of Industry 4.0
- 2020
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In: Applications and Challenges of Maintenance and Safety Engineering in Industry 4.0. - : IGI Global. ; , s. 120-133
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Operator 4.0 is a smart and skilled operator who augments the symbiosis between intelligent machines and operators. Better integration of Operator 4.0 in Industry 4.0 can bring emphasis on the human-centric approach, allowing for a paradigm shift towards human-automation cooperation for inspiring the compulsion of human-in-the-loop. This further enhances the domain knowledge for the improvement of human cyber-physical systems for new generation automated systems. This cooperation of humans and automation makes stability in socio-technical systems with smart automation and human-machine interfacing technologies. This chapter discusses the design principles of Industry 4.0 and Operator 4.0 human-cyber physical systems.
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| 26. |
- Singh, Sarbjeet, et al.
(author)
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Self-maintenance techniques : a smart approach towards self-maintenance system
- 2014
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In: International Journal of Systems Assurance Engineering and Management. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0975-6809 .- 0976-4348. ; 5:1, s. 75-83
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The modern systems operating at varying conditions brought a new paradigm shift to in-machine renovation and repair. These systems often encounter an infinite collection of clumsy diagnostic tools and applications that decrease agility, increase time-to-repair, and increase management overheads. One approach is to remove the human and potential costly and time consuming human errors, from the diagnosis of faults and implementation of a maintenance strategy. In order to achieve this it is necessary to develop systems that support advanced intelligent maintenance systems or smart maintenance technologies. Self-maintenance machines can be a better option with the capabilities of condition monitoring, diagnosing, repair planning and executing in order to extend the life and performance of equipment. The objective of this paper is to discuss the concept of self-maintenance, need of self-maintenance, potential scenarios where self-maintenance can be successfully implemented and issues related to self-maintenance machines. It has been concluded that the aim is to have self-maintenance system in order to make a machine capable of reconfiguration, compensation, and self-maintenance.
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| 27. |
- Stenström, Christer, et al.
(author)
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Risk- and Condition-Based Maintenance
- 2019. - 1
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In: Transportation Systems. - Singapore : Springer. - 9789813293229 - 9789813293236 ; , s. 55-72
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Condition-based maintenance (CBM) strategies have increased in recognition over the last decades, and continues to do so with an internationalized market and cheaper sensor technology. CBM is in many cases the most effective approach to maintenance, considering risk, resource use, sustainability, safety and cost. Thus, CBM is often feasible both from a life-cycle cost (LCC) perspective and a life cycle analysis (LCA) perspective. In this chapter, we will study risk-based and condition-based maintenance from a maintenance and reliability perspective. After a brief background, we will discuss the necessary conditions for CBM to be a feasible strategy for optimized usage of equipment. On the operational level, CBM can be on schedule, on request or on a continuous monitoring basis. Thus, the technologies used for CBM can broadly be divided into continuous monitoring, which often is simply called condition monitoring, and into non-destructive testing (NDT), for periodic inspections. Therefore, two sections are dedicated to condition monitoring and NDT. Additional techniques for CBM and risk assessment will be discussed in the section thereafter. Lastly, we will look briefly into the continuously growing topic of prognostics.
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