| 1. |
- Abugessaisa, Imad, et al.
(författare)
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A Systemic View on Swedish Traffic Accident Data Acquisition System
- 2007
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Road Safety on Four Continents (RS4C), 14-16 November, Bangkok, Thailand. - Sweden : VTI. ; , s. 1-12
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents work in progress to study information sharing among road safety organizations. The focus is to study accident data acquisition system. In 2002, Swedish Road Transport authority (SRT) has accepted STRADA as accident reporting system to be used by the police all over Sweden. Such system is vital for coordinating, maintaining and auditing road safety in the country. Normally road accidents are reported by the police or by Emergency unit at the hospital. However more than 50% of the hospitals in Sweden didn’t use the system which decrease the utilization of the system and reduce the quality of the information that demanded. By using system thinking approach in this study we try to see why such situation is occurred and how changes can be introduced and handle to overcome such problem. Interviews conducted with focus group and different users of the system. To investigate the issues related to the acceptance of the system we use Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). We recommend getting the user involved in the life cycle of the STRADA and also the developers could use enabling system to overcome problems in related to system usability and complexity. Also we suggest the use of iterative development to govern the life cycle.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Abugessaisa, Imad, 1973-
(författare)
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Analytical tools and information-sharing methods supporting road safety organizations
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A prerequisite for improving road safety are reliable and consistent sources of information about traffic and accidents, which will help assess the prevailing situation and give a good indication of their severity. In many countries there is under-reporting of road accidents, deaths and injuries, no collection of data at all, or low quality of information. Potential knowledge is hidden, due to the large accumulation of traffic and accident data. This limits the investigative tasks of road safety experts and thus decreases the utilization of databases. All these factors can have serious effects on the analysis of the road safety situation, as well as on the results of the analyses.This dissertation presents a three-tiered conceptual model to support the sharing of road safety–related information and a set of applications and analysis tools. The overall aim of the research is to build and maintain an information-sharing platform, and to construct mechanisms that can support road safety professionals and researchers in their efforts to prevent road accidents. GLOBESAFE is a platform for information sharing among road safety organizations in different countries developed during this research.Several approaches were used, First, requirement elicitation methods were used to identify the exact requirements of the platform. This helped in developing a conceptual model, a common vocabulary, a set of applications, and various access modes to the system. The implementation of the requirements was based on iterative prototyping. Usability methods were introduced to evaluate the users’ interaction satisfaction with the system and the various tools. Second, a system-thinking approach and a technology acceptance model were used in the study of the Swedish traffic data acquisition system. Finally, visual data mining methods were introduced as a novel approach to discovering hidden knowledge and relationships in road traffic and accident databases. The results from these studies have been reported in several scientific articles.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Abugessaisa, Imad, et al.
(författare)
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ICT in regional networks in the field of culture and development cooperation in 15th Americas Conference on Information Systems 2009, AMCIS 2009, vol 4, issue , pp 2667-2674
- 2009
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Ingår i: AMCIS 2009 Proceedings, 15th Americas Conference on Information Systems 2009. ; , s. 2667-2674
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents results from a mapping study commissioned by Swedish International Development Agency (Sida), which has supported regional and global networking within the field of culture. The mapping study was carried out in East Africa to find ways to collect and use experiences already made and to draw conclusions on the status and use of ICT in the culture networks supported by Sida. Another goal was to gain an understanding of the level to which ICT is used within the cultural sectors in East Africa. The study was focused on two main cultural sectors - museums and drama/theatre. A variety of research methods were used. It was found that there were well-established culture networks in both theatre and museum sectors. Through these networks, ICT has been used for sharing knowledge as well as being a tool for communication. Also it has supported dialogue among many different culture groups in the region. © (2009) by the AIS/ICIS Administrative Office All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Abugessaisa, Imad, et al.
(författare)
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Ontological Approach to Modeling Information Systems
- 2004
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Computer and information Technology (Cit'04), 14–16 September, Wuhan, China: IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC. ; , s. 1122-1127
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In recent years, the use of formal tools in information system modeling and development represents a potential area of research in computer science. In 1967, the term ontology appeared for the first time in computer science literature as S. H. Mealy introduced it as a basic foundation in data modeling. The main objective of this paper is to discuss the concept of ontology (from a philosophical perspective) as it was used to bridge the gap between philosophy and information systems science, and to investigate ontology types that can be found during ontological investigation and the methods used in the investigation process. The secondary objective of this paper is to study different design and engineering approaches of ontology as well as development environments that are used to create and edit ontologies.
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| 9. |
- Albano, Raffaele, et al.
(författare)
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Large scale flood risk mapping in data scarce environments : An application for Romania
- 2020
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Ingår i: Water. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4441. ; 12:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Large-scale flood risk assessment is essential in supporting national and global policies, emergency operations and land-use management. The present study proposes a cost-efficient method for the large-scale mapping of direct economic flood damage in data-scarce environments. The proposed framework consists of three main stages: (i) deriving a water depth map through a geomorphic method based on a supervised linear binary classification; (ii) generating an exposure land-use map developed from multi-spectral Landsat 8 satellite images using a machine-learning classification algorithm; and (iii) performing a flood damage assessment using a GIS tool, based on the vulnerability (depth-damage) curves method. The proposed integrated method was applied over the entire country of Romania (including minor order basins) for a 100-year return time at 30-m resolution. The results showed how the description of flood risk may especially benefit from the ability of the proposed cost-efficient model to carry out large-scale analyses in data-scarce environments. This approach may help in performing and updating risk assessments and management, taking into account the temporal and spatial changes in hazard, exposure, and vulnerability.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Andersson, Kent, et al.
(författare)
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Technology Forecast 2012: Military utility of ten technologies : a report from seminars at the SNDC Department of Military Technology
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ten technology forecast reports from the Fraunhofer Institute have been reviewed by staff at the Department of Military-Technology at the Swedish National Defence College (Note that there probably are other technology areas, equally interesting, but not included in this study). The task given by FMV was to assess the military utility of the chosen technologies in a time frame from 2025 to 2030, from a SwAF viewpoint.The method used was first to make a summary of each forecast report. The technology was then put into one or more scenarios that are assessed to be the best in order to show possible utility as well as possibilities and drawbacks of the technology. Based on a SWOT-analysis, the contribution to SwAF capabilities and the cost in terms of acquisition, C2 footprint, logistic footprint, doctrine/TTP, training, facilities and R&D were assessed. Conclusions regarding the military utility of the technology were drawn.We introduce our definition of military utility as being activities that efficiently and with the lowest cost in terms of lives and materiel lead to fulfilment of the mission objectives.The technologies were grouped in three classes; technologies with a significant potential, with uncertain potential and with negligible potential.The following technologies were assessed to have a significant potential for military utility;Augmented RealityNano air vehiclesSolid State Laser weaponsIn the scenarios studied, Augmented Reality (AR) is assessed to have a positive impact on several SwAF capabilities, especially for C2 and intelligence. AR is a relatively mature technology, applicable in many different branches. There are examples where AR is already applied with great success, e.g. Head-Up-Displays, HUD. The technology has proven its value. However, there are well known drawbacks to the technology such as weaknesses regarding models, increased weight for dismounted soldiers, power consumption etc. There is also a risk that personnel will have problems solving their tasks when AR systems fail, not being used to fighting without supporting systems.Nano air vehicles (NAV’s) have been assessed to contribute to a large range of capabilities, primarily intelligence. Their lifecycle cost has been assessed to be low, since development in this area is commercially driven, bringing down acquisition costs. Also, FAA has decided to allow NAV’s in controlled air space from 2015, which is expected to lead to an increase in civilian use of NAV’s. The technology is relatively mature even though there are obstacles concerning suitable materials, energy efficient propulsion systems as well as miniaturized microprocessors and software to control them.In the scenario studied, High Energy Solid State Lasers are assessed to have a positive impact on SwAF capabilities to engage targets on surface and in the air. The technology can be used to protect vessels on the surface and thereby increase survivability. The development of SSL in the given timeframe is expected to lower cost per shot and avoid the environmental problems with use of chemical lasers. Neighbouring military powers are expected to use laser weapons in the future, therefore SwAF should monitor the development of the laser weapons technology and develop and purchase adequate countermeasures.The following technologies were assessed to have uncertain potential for military utility;Metamaterial cloakingElectromagnetic gunSmall satellitesUltra-violet communicationMetamaterial cloaking, if realisable in the future, is assessed to be firstly implemented in the acoustic spectrum, since manufacturing of small structured cloaks for the shorter wavelengths in the optic and radar spectra is believed to be more difficult. Cloaking of submarines is primarily assessed to increase the survivability against torpedoes having active sonar. The use of cloaked mines could pose a deterring threat, even to advanced amphibious operations against Sweden. The technological development in this area should be closely monitored and compared to existing, maturing techniques for countermeasures and for the development of broad spectrum active torpedoes. The greatest concern is that cloaking will have negative impact on submarine manoeuvrability.The electro-thermal chemical (ETC) gun seems to be a first step towards a fully electrical gun such as the rail-gun or the coil-gun. The fully electrical guns have been a work in progress for some decades and there are still remaining challenges both concerning electrical power supply and design materials. When or if, they will be operational is difficult to say.The military utility of small satellites is disputed, despite an assessed contribution to several of the SwAF capabilities. The main reason for this is that there seems to be other alternatives which provide the desired capabilities, at a lower cost. Furthermore, the realisability and performance of small productionline manufactured nanosatellites is uncertain. However the scenario has shown that there are benefits to the military utility not met by other resources, e.g. the capability to perform surveillance and reconnaissance in operational areas globally without risking violation of the territorial integrity of other states or the lives of military personnel. Since there is a great interest in the technology area and several programmes are ongoing internationally the knowledgebase is assessed to be significantly better in a five year period. Also, the Swedish in depth study of space exploitation is soon to report.Ultra-violet communication has uncertain potential for military utility within the period, but the technology is assessed to have a positive impact on SwAF capability to maintain communications. The theoretical understanding of the area is low It is therefore uncertain if systems can be realized in the time frame. However, if commercial applications are developed, the prospect of military applications might change. In that case UV-communication could be a complement to RF- communication but is not foreseen to replace it. The following technologies were assessed to have negligible potential for military utility;Biomimetic unmanned underwater vehicles (UUV)Automated behaviour AnalysisEvolutionary RoboticsBiomimetic UUV’s could be used for covert surveillance and inconspicuous naval reconnaissance missions at sea or in amphibious missions. Even though the report focuses on fishlike propulsion, the military utility of UUV’s is assessed to be mostly dependent on the development of advanced automation and learning systems. As of now, we assess other existing technologies as being preferable due to lower cost and less complexity. The performance of UUV’s needed for SwAF capabilities are assessed to be far off into the future. Simpler UUV systems could however be used by potential adversaries for monitoring our own base areas and hence the development should be monitored from a protection point of view.Automated behaviour analysis may be of some relevance for increased security screening and surveillance. The primary military utility of the technology will however probably be for international activities and to a lesser extent for increased base security in Sweden. Generally the main applications for this kind of technology are assessed to be for civilian use in public spaces and close to high value areas like airports, important official buildings and other similar objects.Evolutionary Robotics, here restricted to the sub domain Advanced Robotics, has uncertain potential for military utility within the period. In the scenarios studied the technology is assessed to have a positive impact on a broad range of SwAF capabilities. The area is large and inconsistent comprising sub areas that are assessed to have significant potential, but also those that are believed to have negligible potential or where technological obstacles might retard the development.Our evaluation of the used method shows that there is a risk that the assessment is biased by the participating experts’ presumptions and experiences from their own field of research. The scenarios that were chosen do not cover all possible aspects of the technology and their possible contribution to operational capabilities. It should be stressed that we have assessed the ten technologies’ military utility in the presented scenarios, not the technology itself. The chosen definition of military utility clearly affects the result of the study. The definition is believed to be good enough for this report, but could be further elaborated in the future.The greatest value of the method used is its simplicity, cost effectiveness and the trade off that it promotes learning within the working group. The composition of the working group and the methodology used is believed to provide for a broad and balanced coverage of the technologies under study.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Axberg, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Lärobok i Militärteknik, vol. 9 : Teori och metod
- 2013. - 1
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ämnet militärteknik utgår från att tekniska system är officerens arbetsredskap och att en förståelse för och kunskap om dessa verktyg är central för att kunna utöva professionen framgångsrikt. Denna nionde volym av Lärobok i Militärteknik, benämnd Teori och Metod, behandlar centrala begrepp, teorier och postulat samt metoder för värdering av teknik och består av ett antal texter författade av 16 forskare och lärare vid den militärtekniska avdelningen. Volymen riktar sig främst till de som inlett sin officersutbildning och utgörs till stora delar av ett kompilat av publicerade och opublicerade militärtekniska texter och kan sägas utgöra militärteknikens ”state of the art”.
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| 16. |
- Chaudhary, Waquar Ul Hassan, et al.
(författare)
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Object-based analysis of Multispectral RS Data and GIS for Detection of Climate Change Impact on the Karakoram Range Northern Pakistan
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 7th International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software, June 15-19, San Diego, California, USA. - Manno, Switzerland : International Environmental Modelling and Software Society. - 9788890357442 ; , s. 2036-2043
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Changing climate have a great impact on northern area of Pakistan’s environment and is more prone to environmental changes impacts than rest of the country due to its high elevation. However, the results of melting glaciers effect not only the local environment but also the whole country with frequent and heavy floods. Although recent technological development provided solutions of many problems to mankind, the pace of development in the field of environmental preservation technologies are much slower than needed.Remote sensing (RS) from Satellites and Airplanes used in Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are technologies that can aid in understanding the ongoing environmental processes as it enable us to obtain information about vast area and help researchers to observe, understand, forecast and suggest response to changes that occur.It can be natural disasters or man-made disasters and human induced factors. Still analysis accuracy issues are there which plays a vital role for the formulation of any strategy. To achieve better results, object based analysis methods have been tested in here. Various algorithms are developed by the analysts to calculate the magnitude of land cover changes but must be evaluated for each environment that is under observation as for example mountainous areas. Here we have tried object-based methods in comparison with pixel based. Landslides, soil moisture, soil permeability, snow cover and vegetation cover that change during certain period of time can, with those methods, be effectively monitored. The findings were in short;1) Object based analysis shows better accuracy ratio as compared to the pixel based analysis.2) Slow but gradual depletion of snow/ice cover was confirmed in the study area of Karakoram region, Northern Pakistan.3) Snow and ice melting catalyses the floods, mudslides, landslides and lake outburst episodes in the area during last two decades could be clearly observed in the analysed images and survey data.4) Massive landslide/mudslide phenomena was observed in the study area in 2010 and 2012 in Landsat imagery. The artificial lake on the River Hunza was clearly observable in TM and ETM 2010, 2011 and 2012 imagery.5) Bare soil area increased due to glacial retreat therefore gradual increase in the vegetation can be observed from the year 1992 to 2011.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Dulanya, Zuze, et al.
(författare)
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Comparative study of the silica and cation geothermometry of the Malawi hot springs : Potential alternative energy source
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of African Earth Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 0899-5362 .- 1464-343X. ; 57:4, s. 321-327
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Malawi is one of the poorest countries in the world and one of the most densely populated in south-eastern Africa. Its major power source is hydro-electricity. During the past few years, the power generation capacity has been reduced, which has impacted negatively on the socio-economic development of the country. The country holds an enormous potential to generate geothermal energy due to the country’s position within the Great African Rift valley. This could contribute to economic growth, poverty reduction and technological development in Malawi. The paper presents findings of research on comparisons between silica (quartz and chalcedony) and cation geothermometers (Na–K, Na–K–Ca and K–Mg) of hot springs in the Malawi Rift, in order to deduce the temperature at depth of selected hot springs. The saturation indices of most springs have a bearing on the geology of the areas where these hot springs are found. The Na–K geothermometers are, in general, higher than the Na–K–Ca geothermometer and the K–Mg geothermometer shows temperatures that are too low to be considered. The difference in the results between the different geothermometers may indicate shallow conditions of mixing with groundwater. Results also indicate that some hot springs have sufficient heat-generating capabilities and warrant further exploration work to assess their suitability for energy generation.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Farcas, Florentina, et al.
(författare)
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Road traffic noise : GIS tools for noise mapping and a case study for Skåne region
- 2009
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Ingår i: ISPRS Workshop on quality, scale and analysis aspects of city models, Lund, Sweden, December 3-4, 2009. - Lund.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Traffic noise pollution is a growing problem that highly affects the health of people. To cope with this problem one has to regulate traffic or construct noise barriers. In order to implement effective measures against traffic noise the information about its distribution – noise maps - is imperative. This paper presents our work in creating a noise calculator software package implementation that can create noise maps. The noise calculator is based on the noise model described in Nordic prediction method for road traffic noise. As a case study, the noise calculator was used to build both large noise maps for Skåne region in south of Sweden and detailed noise maps for smaller areas in the city of Lund.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Johannessen, Åse, et al.
(författare)
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Water and Risk: Developing sustainable and resilient communities
- 2014
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Key Messages • Sweden has an ideal opportunity to become a more important effect, reflecting the views of several Swedish organisations active international partner in DRR and resilience activities, originating in this area. from its strong history of donor support and long engagement • Acting on this opportunity would enable timely Swedish in DRR. contributions to the increasing global debate on the need to build • The Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs plays an important role resilience to a multi-risk environment. This includes small scale and in contributing to relevant global processes; mainly the successor slow-onset disasters, violent conflict, uncontrolled urbanisation, framework to the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA2) the rising consumption, environmental degradation Post-2015 Agenda and associated Sustainable Development and climate change. Goals. This document outlines some recommendations to this
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| 27. |
- Johnsson, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Shaped Charge Calculation Models for Explosive Ordnance Disposal Operations
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Military Studies. - Helsinki : National Defense University, Finnish Society of Military Sciences. - 2242-3524 .- 1799-3350. ; 3:1, s. 1-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The clearance of unexploded ordnance (UXO) and other explosive remnants of war (ERW) containing shaped charge warheads poses a particular technical hazard to consider for explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) personnel. The wide use of light anti-tank weapons, such as rocket propelled grenades and the scattering of sub-munitions in different conflict areas have made the clearance of shaped charge ammunition a frequent task. However, unlike other hazards, for shaped charges, EOD personnel lack adequate means for the establishment of the maximum hazardous area and for the design of measures for hazard confinement against the shaped charge effect.In this article two different models are suggested, which together give guidance for protective measures during clearance of shaped charge ammunition. The development of these models is based on their military utility, by consideration of the limited information availability, the short time frames, the working methods and the technology level that are characteristic for EOD operations. The two suggested models are developed further into a complete set of design rules for protective measures, giving a versatile tool to replace today´s rough estimates and guesswork, in these safety-related decisions.
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| 28. |
- Johnsson, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Shaped Charge Calculation Models for Explosive Ordnance Disposal Operations
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Society of Military Sciences (ISMS) 2012 Annual Conference.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The clearance of unexploded ordnance (UXO) and other explosive remnants of war (ERW) containing shaped charge warheads poses a particular technical hazard to consider for EOD personnel. The wide use of light anti-tank weapons, such as rocket propelled grenades and the scattering of sub-munitions in different conflict areas have made the clearance of shaped charge ammunition a frequent task. However, unlike other hazards, for shaped charges, EOD personnel lack adequate means for the establishment of the maximum danger area and for the design of measures for hazard confinement against the shaped charge effect. This shortcoming limits the responsible EOD officer to rough estimates and guesswork without scientific support, in these safety-related decisions.This paper is based on a SNDC military technology thesis, (1). In the thesis two different models, which together give guidance for protective measures during clearance of shaped charge ammunition, are suggested. The development of these models is based on their military utility, by consideration of the limited information availability, the short time frames, the working methods and the technology level that are characteristic for EOD operations.The first model is intended for use in the design of measures for hazard confinement against jet penetration. The suggested model is derived from a combination of two existing models for the shaped charge effect. A model for shaped charge penetration in single layered media developed by the Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI) is used as the basis for the model. This is then combined with a modified model that describes how the penetration depth decreases with an increasing stand-off distance. Together they give a simple model for calculating the minimum thickness of barricades and mounds to withstand the penetration of shaped charges at varying distances.The second model is for estimation of the maximum hazardous area generated by the shaped charge jet. This calculation model is based on the trajectory of the most critical jet segment, i.e. the slug. By defining typical values for those parameters that EOD personnel normally do not have information about, this model can be described with a simple graph. The graph gives the maximum hazardous area based only on the calibre and the elevation of the ordnance. The slug may be stable or unstable in its trajectory - the former giving a significantly larger hazardous area. As the conditions for or the probability of which will apply in a particular case is, currently, not supported by adequate scientific data, figures are given both for a stable and a tumbling slug segment. The use of the figures for an unstable slug will lead to a smaller area at the expense of higher risk.The two suggested models are developed further into a set of "tools" for the design of protective measures. These tools are adapted to the unique nature of EOD operations, and consist of a complete set of design rules giving a versatile tool to replace today´s rough estimates and guesswork.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Kohli, Sunil, 1955-, et al.
(författare)
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Distance from the primary health center : a GIS method to study geographical access to health care
- 1995
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Ingår i: Journal of medical systems. - 0148-5598 .- 1573-689X. ; 19:6, s. 425-436
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aerial distance from the dependent Primary Health Center is a crude but objective measure of geographical accessibility to Primary Health care facilities. This report describes a method for calculation of distances between the PHC and the population it serves using the data available from the local health authorities and the Swedish Central Statistical Bureau. The Swedish annual population registration records of 1991 and the property register available with the Central Statistical Bureau of Sweden formed the main data sources. By coupling the address in the population register to the property register each individual was mapped to the centroid of a property. The location of the PHCs as well as the areas covered by each were obtained from the local health authorities and mapped. By intersecting the population coverage with the PHC coverage the population for each PHC area was identified. Subsequently the distance to the PHC was calculated for each individual (property centroid). The population maps so generated can be linked to other databases to visualize and analyze the spatial dimension of health and disease. The methodology can be adapted for use with postal code districts, census enumeration tracts, or any other small area.
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| 31. |
- Kohli, Sunil, et al.
(författare)
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Individuals living in areas with high background radon : a GIS method to identify populations at risk
- 1997
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Ingår i: Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine. - 0169-2607 .- 1872-7565. ; 53:2, s. 105-112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: to identify and link populations and individuals that live within high risk areas. Design: census registers and disease registers which contain data on individuals can only give aggregate statistics relating to postal code districts, town, county or state boundaries. However environmental risk factors rarely, if ever, respect these man-made boundaries. What is needed is a method to rapidly identify individuals who may live within a described area or region and to further identify the disease(s) occurring among these individuals and/or in these areas. Method: this paper describes a method for linking the standard registers available in Sweden, notably the residence-property addresses they contain and the geographical coordinate setting of these, to map the population as a point coverage. Using standard GIS methods this coverage could be linked, merged or intersected with any other map to create new subsets of population. Representation of populations down to the individual level by automatised spatialisation of available census data is in its simplicity a new informatics method which in the designated GIS medium adds a new power of resolution. Results: we demonstrate this using the radon maps provided by the local communes. The Swedish annual population registration records of 1991 for the county ofÖstergötland and the property register available at the Central Statistical Bureau of Sweden formed the main data sources. By coupling the address in the population register to the property register each individual was mapped to the centroid of a property. By intersecting the population coverage with the radon maps, the population living in high, normal or low risk areas was identified and then analysed and stratified by commune, sex and age. The resulting tables can be linked to other databases, e.g. disease registers, to visualise and analyse geographical and related patterns. The methodology can be adapted for use with any other environmental map or small area. It can also be expanded to the fourth dimension by linking likewise available migration information to generate immediately coordinate-set, accumulated exposition and similar data.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Litzinger, Paul, et al.
(författare)
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Using Weather Information to Improve Route Planning
- 2012
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Ingår i: Bridging the Geographic Information Sciences. - : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 9783642290633 ; , s. 199-214
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Weather has a significant influence on navigation processes. Driving dur-ing a heavy rain, for example, is slower and due to poor visibility more dangerous than driving in perfect weather conditions. Thus from time management and safety perspective including weather information is bene-ficial. Weather, especially rain may also be critical for transportation tasks since some commodities like straw or sand should not get wet. In the last years, the quality of weather information and weather forecast has im-proved and could be used to improve route planning. The paper discusses how weather information can be included in route planning algorithms. A first approximating algorithm to incorporate weather forecast data is pre-sented. Some examples showing the impact on route planning conclude the paper.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Morales-Simfors, Nury, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Structural and Stratigraphic Controls of Malawi's Hotsprings : a Review
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2015 Melbourne, Australia, 19-25 April 2015. - Bochum, Germany : International Geothermal Association.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Active continental divergent zones such as those in the East African Rift System (EARS) hold significant potential for commercially exploitable geothermal resources. Evaluating these zones and characterizing the structural and stratigraphic controls may give insights of the most favourable locations for geothermal activity in a particular area. Due to the geological setting in the western branch of the EARS, several surface manifestations of geothermal energy mostly in the form of hotsprings have been found throughout Malawi. According to our results it seems that there is a strong correlation between the strike of the hotsprings, rock type, regional faulting and the seismic rupture in 2009. However, the country’s full potential has not been evaluated despite these hotspring manifestations throughout this rift segment. Those hotsprings with a high probability of containing easily extractable, commercially viable energy have still to be re-evaluated in order to locate the most favourable areas for geothermal exploration in the area. To achieve this, more local studies are necessary in order to understand better the stratigraphic and structural controls of the hotsprings in the studied area, in order to attract local and international investors. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to give an overview of the geological, structural, geochemical and seismic characteristics in northern Malawi for the exploration of geothermal energy. Once explored, this resource could become crucial in the country’s future development and economy.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Nilsson, Susanna, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Aspects of GI and GIS Use in Pre-and Post-flooding Phases of Swedish Emergency Management - a case study
- 2005
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Ingår i: European Safety, Reliability Data Association Seminar,2005. - Ispra, Italy : Joint Research Centre. ; , s. 213-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper the present role of geographic information (GI) and geographic information systems (GIS) in flood emergency management (EM) is investigated. A case study method is used to study pre- and post-flooding phases of EM in two Swedish municipalities. The results indicate apparent ontological and semantic differences between the involved decision-makers on what constitutes important problems and on what type of information is relevant. Furthermore, knowledge of GI and GIS was also found differing between the decision-makers. Organizational, conceptual, ontological, and semantic problems were identified as essential for GI and GIS utilization. Concerning the increasing role of GI and GIS in EM, further research on the studied problems is necessary as their elimination or at least minimization is a prerequisite for introducing a mature GIS in flood EM.
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| 43. |
- Porathe, Thomas, 1954-
(författare)
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3-D Nautical Charts and Safe Navigation
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In spite of all electronic navigation devices on a modern ship bridge, navigators still lose their orientation. Reasons for this might be excessive cognitive workload caused by too many instruments to read and compile, navigation information that is displayed in a cognitively demanding way, short decision times due to high speed or fatigue due to minimum manning and long work hours.This work addresses the problem of map information displayed in a less than optimal way. Three new concepts are presented: the bridge perspective, the NoGO area polygons and a dual lane seaway network. Map reading can be difficult due to the problem of mental rotations. By allowing a 3-D nautical chart to be viewed from an egocentric bridge perspective, the need for mental rotations can be removed. The cognitively demanding calculations necessary to find out if there is enough water under the keel can be made by the chart system and the result displayed as of free water and NoGo areas. On land car driving is facilitated by a road-network and a sign system. This notion can be further developed on sea and make navigation easier and safer.These concepts were then tested in a laboratory experiment, in interviews and in a prototyping project. The results were very promising. The experiment in a laboratory maze showed that map reading from an egocentric perspective was more efficient than using traditional paper and electronic maps. Interviews and expert evaluation of prototypes also showed great interest from practitioners in the field.
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| 44. |
- Porathe, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Information Design for a 3D Nautical Navigational Visualization System
- 2002
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Ingår i: Workshop on Visual Computing,2002.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The three-dimensional geo database is used as a temporal and dynamic decision support on the bridge. The intention being to collect all crucial navigational information into one display directly in front of the Officer of the Watch (OOW). With the camera positioned by GPS-data in the 3D-model the display provides a direct comparison with the out-of-window-view. Thus serving as a dynamic perspective view of the same type as the static views supplied of important entrances in pilot books. Navigational information such as names of islands, borders of the navigational channels, speed limits, lighthouse characters etc. can be displayed on the screen. In this way making it unnecessary to paint the names of islands directly on the rock, as the Russian navy did in the 1800-hundreds in frustration over the difficulty of navigating in the complicated Finnish archipelago. (Collinder, 1943) But also the changing view of coast and archipelago due to the rise and fall of the tide can be displayed. Thus making it possible to conduct daylight navigation at night or in restricted visibility.
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| 45. |
- Porathe, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Information Design for a 3D Nautical Navigational Visualization System
- 2002
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Distributed Multimedia Systems.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a research project suggesting the use of real-time 3D visualization techniques normally used in simulation environments as a navigation aid onboard ships. Based on a threedimensional geographical database the surrounding world is presented in a “bridge-eye perspective” with navigational information such as own track, other ships in the vicinity and their tracks, water depth and radar echoes integrated in a single display. The integrated display suggested, acts as a complement to traditional electronic charts. The main objective is to lessen the cognitive load of high-speed craft pilots.
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| 46. |
- Porathe, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Real-time 3D Nautical Navigational Visualisatione
- 2002
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Ingår i: Massive Military Data Fusion and Visualisation,2002.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper presents a research project suggesting the use of real-time 3D techniques normally used in simulation environments as a navigation aid onboard ships. Based on a three-dimensional geographical database the surrounding world is presented in a -bridge-eye perspective- with navigational information such as own track, other ships in the vicinity and their tracks, water depth and radar echoes integrated in a single display. The integrated display suggested, acts as a complement to traditional electronic charts. The main objective is to lessen the cognitive load of the bridge personal and particularly the helms man in hand steering situations in high-speeds.
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| 48. |
- Roy, Chandan, et al.
(författare)
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Cyclone Tracking and Forecasting in Bangladesh Using Satellite Images without Supplementary Data
- 2006
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Ingår i: NordGIS 2006,2006.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The cost of Bangladesh is extremely exposed to tropical cyclones because of its long costal line containing shallow deltas and densely populated offshore islands. This entails that tropical cyclones will have a particularly severe impact causing high fatality mostly among the poor people on the costal region. In spite of regular attack of devastating cyclones in Bangladesh coast, it-s impact on human lives as well as infrastructure and natural resources have been reduced considerably. The damage reduction reached at a level which is now difficult to down further because of two reasons. First is the insufficient information for early preparedness and second is the ineffective after-cyclone damage restoration system. It is therefore especially important in this part of the world that cyclones can be predicted well in advance before landfall. Normally, cyclone tracking and forecasting is based on satellite images supplemented with data collected using floating buoys, naval ships, dropsondes, airplanes carrying a wide range of active and passive sensors. In Bangladesh however, there is a lack of supplementary data. Meteorologists in Bangladesh are therefore forced to rely on satellite images only (NOAA-AVHRR). The aim of this project is to assess the informational contents of satellite images and identify their limitations in forecasting tropical cyclones. A first step in the project is to assess to what extent current models used for forecasting around the world are dependent on supplementary data, and on the other hand to what extent they could be used to predict tropical cyclones using satellite images only.
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| 49. |
- Rybansky, Marian, et al.
(författare)
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Vegetation structure determination using LIDAR data and the forest growth parameters
- 2016
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Ingår i: 8th IGRSM International Conference and Exhibition on Geospatial & Remote Sensing (IGRSM 2016). - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The goal of this paper is to identify the main vegetation factors in the terrain, which are important for the analysis of forest structure. Such an analysis is important for forestry, rescue operations management during crises situations and disasters such as fires, storms, earthquakes and military analysis (transportation, cover, concealment, etc.). For the forest structure determination, both LIDAR and the forest growth prediction analysis were used. As main results, the vegetation height, tree spacing and stem diameters were determined
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| 50. |
- Salih, Isam, et al.
(författare)
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Spatial correlation between radon (222Rn) in groundwater and bedrock uranium (238U): GIS and geostatistical analyses
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Spatial Hydrology. - 1530-4736. ; 2:2, s. 1-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study describes approaches to create surface maps of radon in groundwater based on measurements of radon (222Rn) in drilled bedrock wells at unevenly distributed sites and uranium bedrock maps from the South East of Sweden, the Östergotland county (N 58°14’ – N 58°56’and E 14°53’ – E 16°06’), see figure 1. Geostatistical techniques of inverse distance weighted(IDW), kriging and cokriging were compared in terms of their interpolation power and correlation between the produced radon in the water layer and the bedrock uranium layer. The goal of these analyses and calculations is to improve our understanding concerning the factors influencing the transport of radon. Therefore, these interpolation techniques were investigated by optimizing parameters that are used in the specific interpolation. Using the IDW interpolator method at fixed radius enabled us to determine the linkage or search distances for auto correlation, and linkage between radon in water and bedrock. This method showed good agreement with the cokriging method when using uranium concentration as a secondary variable. Good interpolation layers (with least root mean square errors RMSE=232) were obtained by kriging. However, the kriged radon surface showed poor correlation with bedrock uranium layers. The best radon in waterlayer that match with uranium in bedrock layer was produced using IDW interpolator (RMSE=377, using all points). The correlation coefficient (R2) is 0.5 while for the kriging method the best correlation is R2 = 0.1. A compromise between the two approaches is demonstrated.
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