| 1. |
- Farcas, Florentina, et al.
(författare)
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Road traffic noise : GIS tools for noise mapping and a case study for Skåne region
- 2009
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Ingår i: ISPRS Workshop on quality, scale and analysis aspects of city models, Lund, Sweden, December 3-4, 2009. - Lund.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Traffic noise pollution is a growing problem that highly affects the health of people. To cope with this problem one has to regulate traffic or construct noise barriers. In order to implement effective measures against traffic noise the information about its distribution – noise maps - is imperative. This paper presents our work in creating a noise calculator software package implementation that can create noise maps. The noise calculator is based on the noise model described in Nordic prediction method for road traffic noise. As a case study, the noise calculator was used to build both large noise maps for Skåne region in south of Sweden and detailed noise maps for smaller areas in the city of Lund.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Kohli, Sunil, 1955-, et al.
(författare)
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Distance from the primary health center : a GIS method to study geographical access to health care
- 1995
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Ingår i: Journal of medical systems. - 0148-5598 .- 1573-689X. ; 19:6, s. 425-436
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aerial distance from the dependent Primary Health Center is a crude but objective measure of geographical accessibility to Primary Health care facilities. This report describes a method for calculation of distances between the PHC and the population it serves using the data available from the local health authorities and the Swedish Central Statistical Bureau. The Swedish annual population registration records of 1991 and the property register available with the Central Statistical Bureau of Sweden formed the main data sources. By coupling the address in the population register to the property register each individual was mapped to the centroid of a property. The location of the PHCs as well as the areas covered by each were obtained from the local health authorities and mapped. By intersecting the population coverage with the PHC coverage the population for each PHC area was identified. Subsequently the distance to the PHC was calculated for each individual (property centroid). The population maps so generated can be linked to other databases to visualize and analyze the spatial dimension of health and disease. The methodology can be adapted for use with postal code districts, census enumeration tracts, or any other small area.
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| 5. |
- Kohli, Sunil, et al.
(författare)
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Individuals living in areas with high background radon : a GIS method to identify populations at risk
- 1997
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Ingår i: Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine. - 0169-2607 .- 1872-7565. ; 53:2, s. 105-112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: to identify and link populations and individuals that live within high risk areas. Design: census registers and disease registers which contain data on individuals can only give aggregate statistics relating to postal code districts, town, county or state boundaries. However environmental risk factors rarely, if ever, respect these man-made boundaries. What is needed is a method to rapidly identify individuals who may live within a described area or region and to further identify the disease(s) occurring among these individuals and/or in these areas. Method: this paper describes a method for linking the standard registers available in Sweden, notably the residence-property addresses they contain and the geographical coordinate setting of these, to map the population as a point coverage. Using standard GIS methods this coverage could be linked, merged or intersected with any other map to create new subsets of population. Representation of populations down to the individual level by automatised spatialisation of available census data is in its simplicity a new informatics method which in the designated GIS medium adds a new power of resolution. Results: we demonstrate this using the radon maps provided by the local communes. The Swedish annual population registration records of 1991 for the county ofÖstergötland and the property register available at the Central Statistical Bureau of Sweden formed the main data sources. By coupling the address in the population register to the property register each individual was mapped to the centroid of a property. By intersecting the population coverage with the radon maps, the population living in high, normal or low risk areas was identified and then analysed and stratified by commune, sex and age. The resulting tables can be linked to other databases, e.g. disease registers, to visualise and analyse geographical and related patterns. The methodology can be adapted for use with any other environmental map or small area. It can also be expanded to the fourth dimension by linking likewise available migration information to generate immediately coordinate-set, accumulated exposition and similar data.
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| 6. |
- Litzinger, Paul, et al.
(författare)
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Using Weather Information to Improve Route Planning
- 2012
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Ingår i: Bridging the Geographic Information Sciences. - : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 9783642290633 ; , s. 199-214
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Weather has a significant influence on navigation processes. Driving dur-ing a heavy rain, for example, is slower and due to poor visibility more dangerous than driving in perfect weather conditions. Thus from time management and safety perspective including weather information is bene-ficial. Weather, especially rain may also be critical for transportation tasks since some commodities like straw or sand should not get wet. In the last years, the quality of weather information and weather forecast has im-proved and could be used to improve route planning. The paper discusses how weather information can be included in route planning algorithms. A first approximating algorithm to incorporate weather forecast data is pre-sented. Some examples showing the impact on route planning conclude the paper.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Morales-Simfors, Nury, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Structural and Stratigraphic Controls of Malawi's Hotsprings : a Review
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2015 Melbourne, Australia, 19-25 April 2015. - Bochum, Germany : International Geothermal Association.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Active continental divergent zones such as those in the East African Rift System (EARS) hold significant potential for commercially exploitable geothermal resources. Evaluating these zones and characterizing the structural and stratigraphic controls may give insights of the most favourable locations for geothermal activity in a particular area. Due to the geological setting in the western branch of the EARS, several surface manifestations of geothermal energy mostly in the form of hotsprings have been found throughout Malawi. According to our results it seems that there is a strong correlation between the strike of the hotsprings, rock type, regional faulting and the seismic rupture in 2009. However, the country’s full potential has not been evaluated despite these hotspring manifestations throughout this rift segment. Those hotsprings with a high probability of containing easily extractable, commercially viable energy have still to be re-evaluated in order to locate the most favourable areas for geothermal exploration in the area. To achieve this, more local studies are necessary in order to understand better the stratigraphic and structural controls of the hotsprings in the studied area, in order to attract local and international investors. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to give an overview of the geological, structural, geochemical and seismic characteristics in northern Malawi for the exploration of geothermal energy. Once explored, this resource could become crucial in the country’s future development and economy.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Nilsson, Susanna, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Aspects of GI and GIS Use in Pre-and Post-flooding Phases of Swedish Emergency Management - a case study
- 2005
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Ingår i: European Safety, Reliability Data Association Seminar,2005. - Ispra, Italy : Joint Research Centre. ; , s. 213-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper the present role of geographic information (GI) and geographic information systems (GIS) in flood emergency management (EM) is investigated. A case study method is used to study pre- and post-flooding phases of EM in two Swedish municipalities. The results indicate apparent ontological and semantic differences between the involved decision-makers on what constitutes important problems and on what type of information is relevant. Furthermore, knowledge of GI and GIS was also found differing between the decision-makers. Organizational, conceptual, ontological, and semantic problems were identified as essential for GI and GIS utilization. Concerning the increasing role of GI and GIS in EM, further research on the studied problems is necessary as their elimination or at least minimization is a prerequisite for introducing a mature GIS in flood EM.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Porathe, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Information Design for a 3D Nautical Navigational Visualization System
- 2002
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Ingår i: Workshop on Visual Computing,2002.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The three-dimensional geo database is used as a temporal and dynamic decision support on the bridge. The intention being to collect all crucial navigational information into one display directly in front of the Officer of the Watch (OOW). With the camera positioned by GPS-data in the 3D-model the display provides a direct comparison with the out-of-window-view. Thus serving as a dynamic perspective view of the same type as the static views supplied of important entrances in pilot books. Navigational information such as names of islands, borders of the navigational channels, speed limits, lighthouse characters etc. can be displayed on the screen. In this way making it unnecessary to paint the names of islands directly on the rock, as the Russian navy did in the 1800-hundreds in frustration over the difficulty of navigating in the complicated Finnish archipelago. (Collinder, 1943) But also the changing view of coast and archipelago due to the rise and fall of the tide can be displayed. Thus making it possible to conduct daylight navigation at night or in restricted visibility.
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| 13. |
- Porathe, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Real-time 3D Nautical Navigational Visualisatione
- 2002
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Ingår i: Massive Military Data Fusion and Visualisation,2002.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper presents a research project suggesting the use of real-time 3D techniques normally used in simulation environments as a navigation aid onboard ships. Based on a three-dimensional geographical database the surrounding world is presented in a -bridge-eye perspective- with navigational information such as own track, other ships in the vicinity and their tracks, water depth and radar echoes integrated in a single display. The integrated display suggested, acts as a complement to traditional electronic charts. The main objective is to lessen the cognitive load of the bridge personal and particularly the helms man in hand steering situations in high-speeds.
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| 14. |
- Roy, Chandan, et al.
(författare)
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Cyclone Tracking and Forecasting in Bangladesh Using Satellite Images without Supplementary Data
- 2006
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Ingår i: NordGIS 2006,2006.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The cost of Bangladesh is extremely exposed to tropical cyclones because of its long costal line containing shallow deltas and densely populated offshore islands. This entails that tropical cyclones will have a particularly severe impact causing high fatality mostly among the poor people on the costal region. In spite of regular attack of devastating cyclones in Bangladesh coast, it-s impact on human lives as well as infrastructure and natural resources have been reduced considerably. The damage reduction reached at a level which is now difficult to down further because of two reasons. First is the insufficient information for early preparedness and second is the ineffective after-cyclone damage restoration system. It is therefore especially important in this part of the world that cyclones can be predicted well in advance before landfall. Normally, cyclone tracking and forecasting is based on satellite images supplemented with data collected using floating buoys, naval ships, dropsondes, airplanes carrying a wide range of active and passive sensors. In Bangladesh however, there is a lack of supplementary data. Meteorologists in Bangladesh are therefore forced to rely on satellite images only (NOAA-AVHRR). The aim of this project is to assess the informational contents of satellite images and identify their limitations in forecasting tropical cyclones. A first step in the project is to assess to what extent current models used for forecasting around the world are dependent on supplementary data, and on the other hand to what extent they could be used to predict tropical cyclones using satellite images only.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Silfverskiöld, Stefan, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Technology Forecast 2017 - Military Utility of Future Technologies : A Report from Seminars at the Swedish Defence University’s (SEDU) Military-Technology Division
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Two technology forecast reports from the Fraunhofer Institute, three reports from the Swedish Defence Research Institute (FOI) and two publications from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have been reviewed by staff at the Military-Technology Division at the Swedish Defence University (SEDU). The task given by the Defence Material Administration (FMV) was to assess the military utility of the given technologies in a time frame to up 2040, from a Swedish Armed Forces (SwAF) perspective.In the review we assessed the military utility of certain technologies as possible contributions to the operational capabilities of the SwAF, based on identified and relevant scenarios. Because a new capability catalogue is under development at the SwAF Headquarters, this report only presents general assessments of the capability impact of the technologies studied.The technologies were grouped into four classes: potentially significant, moderate, negligible, or uncertain military utility.The classification uncertain military utility was given to technologies that are difficult to put in the other three classes, it was not because the technology readiness level (TRL) will not bereached by 2040.The following technologies were assessed to have the potential for significant military utility:- Nanocarbons for photonic applicationsThe following technologies were assessed to have a potential for moderate military utility;- Internet of things (IoT)- Materials and technologies for protection against chemical agentsThe following technologies were assessed to have uncertain military utility;- Post-quantum cryptography- New applications for hyperspectral image analysis for chemical and biological agentsNo technology was found to have negligible military utility.The method used in this technology forecast report was to assign each report to one reviewer in the working group. Firstly, each forecast report was summarized. The Fraunhofer assessment of technical readiness level (TRL) in the time period was held to be correct. Each technology was then put into one or more scenarios that were assessed to be suitable for assessing the military utility as well as indicating any possibilities and drawbacks. Based on a SWOTanalysis, the assessed contributions to the fundamental capabilities, and to the factors DOTMPLFI (Doctrine, Organization, Training, Materiel, Leadership, Personnel, Facilities and Interoperability), were listed. Furthermore, the expected SwAF R&D requirements, to facilitate the introduction of the technology are given. The Military utility was assessed using a model developed by the Military-Technology Division. Finally, conclusions and an overall rating of the potential military utility of each technology were presented.The chosen definition of military utility clearly affects the result of the study. The definition used here (“the military utility of a certain technology is its contribution to the operational capabilities of the SwAF, within identified relevant scenarios”) has been used in our Technology Forecasts since 2013.Our evaluation of the method used shows that there is a risk that assessments can be biased by the participating experts’ presumptions and experience from their own field of research. It should also be stressed that the seven technologies’ potential military utility was assessed within the specific presented scenarios and their possible contribution to operational capabilities within those specific scenarios, not in general. When additional results have been found in the analysis, this is mentioned.The greatest value of the method used is its simplicity, cost effectiveness and that it promotes learning within the working group. The composition of the working group and the methodology used are believed to provide a broad and balanced coverage of the technologies being studied. This report should be seen as an executive summary of the research reports and the intention is to help the SwAF Headquarters to evaluate the military utility of emerging technologies within identified relevant scenarios.Overall, the research reports are considered to be balanced and of high quality in terms of their level of critical analysis regarding technology development. These reports are in line with our task to evaluate the military utility of the emerging technologies.
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| 17. |
- Sivertun, Åke, 1950-
(författare)
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Geographical Data for Training, Planning and Tactical Implementation
- 2015
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Ingår i: 2015 International Conference on Military Technologies (ICMT). - Piscataway, USA : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9788072319763 ; , s. 7153707-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tactics are the part of the military problem solving, which attempts to address situations that arise in a concrete context and in a specific geographical area. It is about learning to perceive both the more stable geographical conditions in the working area as well as taking into consideration the effects of climate and weather and how the squad and their systems are affected and how an opponent could try to exploit these conditions and turn them to his advantage. The idea in tactical training is therefore to be able to master both the battlefield environment with its limitations and possibilities and the combat that is conducted there. Friction is used as a concept in several discussions about military activities. The geography with its sometimes channelling terrain and various landscape elements can constitute serious obstacles in trying to carry out all the tasks and abilities expected of a unit. Geography, Climate and Weather can thus be regarded as frictions in a military operation. This should also be possible to train in simulators and systems for war gaming.
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| 18. |
- Sivertun, Åke, 1950-
(författare)
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Geographical Information Systems (GIS) as a tool for analysis and communications of multidimensional data
- 1993
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- An integrating approach, including knowledge about whole systems of processes, is essential in order to reach both development and environmental protection goals. In this thesis Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are suggested as a tool to realise such integrated models. The main hypothesis in this work is that several natural technical and social systems that share a time-space can be compared and analysed in a GIS. My first objective was to analyze how GIS can support research, planning, and, more specifically, bring a broad scattering of competence together in an interdisciplinary process. In this process GIS was ivestigated as a tool to achieve models that give us a better overview of a problem, a better understanding for the processes involved, aid in foreseeing conflicts between interests, find ecological limits and assist in choosing countermeasures and monitor the result of different programs. The second objective concerns the requirement that models should be comparable and possible to include in other models and that they can be communicated to planners, politicians and the public. For this reason the possibilities to communicate the result and model components of multidimensional and multi-temporal data are investigated.Four examples on the possibilities and problems when using GIS in interdisciplinary studies are presented. In the examples, water plays a central role as a component in questions about development, management and environmental impact. The first articles focus on non-point source pollutants as a problem under growing attention when the big industrial and municipal point sources are brought under control. To manage non-point source pollutants, detailed knowledge about local conditions is required to facilitate precise advices on land use. To estimate the flow of metals and N(itrogen) in an area it is important to identify the soil moisture. Soil moisture changes over time but also significantly in the landscape according to several factors. Here a method is presented that calculate soil moisture over large areas. Man as a hydrologie factor has to be assessed to also understand the relative importance of anthropogen processes. To offer a supplement to direct measurements and add anthropogen factors, a GIS model is presented that takes soil-type, topography, vegetation, land-use, agricultural drainage and relative position in the watershed into account. A method to analyse and visualise development over time and space in the same model is presented in the last empirical study. The development of agricultural drainage can be discussed as a product of several forces here analyzed together and visualized with help of colour coded "Hyper pixels" and maps. Finally a discussion concerning the physiological and psychological possibilities to communicate multidimensional phenomena with the help of pictures and maps is held.The main conclusions in this theses are that GIS offer the possibilities to develop distributed models, e.g., models that calculate effects from a vide range of factors in larger areas and with a much higher spatial resolution than has been possible earlier. GIS also offer a possibility to integrate and communicate information from different disciplines to scientists, decision makers and the public.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Sivertun, Åke, 1950-
(författare)
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Militärgeografi och GIS : delar av militärteknik
- 2012
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Ingår i: Kungl Krigsvetenskapsakademiens Handlingar och Tidskrift. - Stockholm. - 0023-5369. ; :1, s. 108-120
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today's wars and crises, placing new demands on the abilities to work through the society's greater vulnerability. Furthermore, the Earth is more densely populated and the population is concentrated in coastal areas and river valleys. Unfortunately, these coastlines, river valleys and other sensitive areas are places where natural disasters and conflicts can create great strain on society. Armed conflicts and struggles, now often conducted in populated areas does not make the situation easier. The tools for dealing with these problems are largely technical in nature but a close link between technology, tactics and operations need to be emphasized. Linking and study the use of technologies in different situations and at the various challenges of the military activity is a major aim of the subject of military technology. Here there are clear analogies with civilian crisis management that must be able to relate to, among other things military activities. The subject of military-technology, we want to scientifically de-scribe and explain how technology affects military operations at all levels and how the mili-tary actually affect and are affected by technology. Military-technology is rooted in several different areas of knowledge or scientific disciplines and combines social science's under-standing of the military profession with a foundation in natural science added with the dynam-ics in engineering. Military technique thus treats the technology in its military context and with the military staff's perspective (Axberg 2009).As a result military-technology is interdisciplinary, conducting studies and develops the sub-ject with the support of both natural, social, and engineering sciences. Through both weapon systems development as the overall development of location-based services such as GPS, and various types of sensors and information systems have been implemented, Military Geogra-phy and GIS had a renaissance.Knowing the battle arena is one of the preconditions for military operations and a geographic information superiority can provide important opportunities and benefits to achieve the great-est military benefit. With military advantage means that you effectively and at minimum cost, both in material life, can achieve the targets set for the military action. Today, the need is growing to reduce collateral damage and accidental control of important aspects that are regu-lated in both the laws of war and civilian conventions. In this article I will describe some technical areas where military spatial data and methods managed in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) seems likely to have an increasing importance.
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| 22. |
- Sivertun, Åke, 1950-, et al.
(författare)
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Non-point source critical area analysis in the Gissel÷ watershed using GIS
- 2003
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Ingår i: Environmental Modelling & Software. - 1364-8152 .- 1873-6726. ; 18:10, s. 887-898
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the southeast in Norrk÷ping, Sweden, is a small fjord-like bay called SlΣtbaken. The water quality in SlΣtbaken - with its narrow outlet to the Baltic Sea - depends highly on the water quality of the streams that flow in it. While point pollution sources can be identified easily in general, the non-point sources are harder to find. The most important sources for non-point pollution are agricultural areas, and the pollutants are mostly nutrients like phosphorus, which come from the fertilisation of the fields. One important catchment area for SlΣtbaken is the 57.7 km2 Gissel÷ river basin (part of the topographic map 8GNO), which contains large agricultural areas. The transport of water pollutants is based on the same hydrological processes as erosion and sediment transport. The implementation of such a model in a GIS allows the analysis of a large area with a high resolution. When choosing the model, special attention was paid to the possibility of using a verified model that is easy to implement in a commercial GIS without the need of too much expert knowledge. This may allow its widespread use in many administrative applications that need non-point source information. A feasibility test for an enhanced GIS USLE model was done in the Gissel÷ drainage basin before it was implemented for all river basins in the whole administrative area of Norrk÷pings kommun. It is possible to use the suggested simplified USLE model to estimate the load of both pollutants and sediments, and it is able to show the areas that are critical for the water quality at the outlet of the water basin. The model has been evaluated in three studies [Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Syst. 2 (4) (1988) 365, A GIS to target critical areas for non point source management, in: Proceedings of the International Non Point Source Management Symposium, Austin, TX, November 7, 1989, Vatten 48 (1992) 117]. Then, implemented in a very simple GIS that allowed only rough estimates of terrain models and distances, the model was able to estimate the total suspended solids (TSS) and total phosphorus (TP) loads in the Svartσ river basin of 1539 km2 in the same region as Gissel÷ and the Bornsj÷ river basin outside Stockholm. Besides an estimated R2 of 0.91-0.98 (verified by a more than one year measurement from manual and automated sampling stations in the whole river basin), the benefit with the GIS implemented USLE was the possibility to identify the risk areas with high spatial accuracy. During the last decade, both available databases and software have changed the possibilities to identify areas at risk of nutrient leakage. Schein [GIS Methods for Monitoring Sustainable Development by Analysis of Land-use and Land Cover Changes in the Surroundings of Link÷ping (Sweden), Institut fⁿr Photogrammetrie und Fernerkundung, Technische UniversitΣt Dresden, Germany] and Schein and Sivertun [Method and models for sustainable development monitoring and analyses in GIS, in: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Geo-Spatial Knowledge Processing for Natural Resource Management, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy, June 28-29, 2001] show that the enhanced land use data available through the European Union agricultural support program can be used together with remote sensing data to fine tune the modified GIS USLE model. The problems with the new 50 x 50 m digital elevation data now available are also pointed out here. Obvious errors in the data and possibilities to enhance the model by introducing a better terrain model were two important suggestions in these works. In this article, two modifications to the original model are suggested. One is enhancement of the digital terrain model by using height curves from the digital 1:50 000 scale topographic map, and the other is a smooth distance function that better reflects the impact of nutrients on water bodies. Because of its easy implementation on standard low cost systems, the GIS USLE model is suitable for analysing huge areas for critical places. The results can lead to more detailed studies in the risk areas thus identified or to investigations on the effect of land use changes, or can be used simply for taking care in the use of fertilisers and other chemicals in the critical agricultural areas.
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| 23. |
- Thielen, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Frames of the terrorist attack in Sweden : a qualitative study of true and fake news coverage
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Emergency Management. - : InderScience Publishers. - 1471-4825 .- 1741-5071. ; 15:3, s. 205-220
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- On 7 April 2017, a terrorist attack occurred in central Stockholm. A hijacked lorry was intentionally driven into crowds along a pedestrian street. The purpose of this study was to qualitatively explore how the media framed this terrorist attack. The data collection approach was inductive and explorative, mainly involving searching electronic media databases. The qualitative analysis of 1294 articles resulted in four overarching themes describing how the terrorist attack was framed in the media. These frames are as follows: the incident, framed as confirmed, unconfirmed and denied information; the perception of leadership and authorities as trustworthy; the site perceived as a place of sorrow; and crisis management framed as the initial and sequential framing of the professionals, the heroes and the villains. The primary conclusion is that true as well as fake news affects crisis management and public opinion, which may create challenges for the entire society within the crisis management area.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Trnka, Jiri, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Inter-organizational Issues in ICT, GIS and GSD - Mapping Swedish Emergency Management at the Local and Regional Level
- 2005
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2<sup>nd</sup> International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM). - Tilburg, Netherlands : Tilburg University. - 9076971099 ; , s. 75-82
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inter-organizational issues are very challenging in emergency management (EM). In this paper, aspects of information and communication technologies (ICT), geographical information systems (GIS) and geospatial data (GSD) in the Swedish EM system, an EM system involving a large number of EM organizations, are reported based on a case study. The issues concerned include separated ICT & GIS development between organizations and formation of technological coalitions, problems of identification and access of GSD, located through the large number organizations, as well as uncoordinated launching of web-based GIS service. Possible implications of this situation for command and control are discussed. Additionally, areas for further research are suggested.
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| 26. |
- Trnka, Jiri, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Utilization and Exchange of Geospatial Data in Swedish Emergency Management
- 2005
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Ingår i: ScanGIS' 2005. - Stockholm, Sweden : Universitetsservice US AB. - 9173231266 ; , s. 53-62, s. 53-62
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, research investigating the current situation with respect to geospatial data (GSD) access and integration at the interorganizational level in Swedish local and regional emergency management (EM) is presented. The performed analysis resulted in a range of conceptual, organizational, administrative and ontological problems, recognized by the international research community and also identified among the studied Swedish EM organizations. Additionally, close interconnection between particular problems or groups of problems was observed in several cases. The documented findings can be seen as hindering the sharing of GSD. Moreover, development of useful GIS-based analytical and decision-support applications for day-to-day use in EM is becoming difficult without effectively sharing GSD. It is suggested to promote further research in an integrated way to understand the full complexity of the problems. Moreover, involving both the research and EM communities is seen as essential.
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| 27. |
- Ul Hassan Chaudhary, Waquar, et al.
(författare)
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Object-Based Analysis of Multispectral RS Data and GIS for Detection of Climate Change Impact on the Karakoram Range Northern Pakistan
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering A. - David Publishing : David Publishing Company. - 2162-5298 .- 2162-5301. ; A:4, s. 303-310
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Changing climate has a great impact on northern area of Pakistan’s environment and is more prone to environmentalchanges impacts than rest of the country due to its high elevation. However, melting glaciers effect not only the local environmentbut also the whole country with frequent and heavy floods. Remote sensing (RS) from Satellites and Airplanes used in GeographicalInformation Systems (GIS) are technologies that can aid in understanding the on-going environmental processes. Furthermore, helpresearchers to observe, understand, forecast and suggest response to changes that occur. It can be natural disasters or man-madedisasters and human induced factors. Still analysis accuracy issues play a vital role for the formulation of any strategy. To achievebetter results, object based analysis methods have been tested. Various algorithms are developed by the analysts to calculate themagnitude of land cover changes. However, they must be evaluated for each environment that is under observation as mountainousareas. Here were object-based methods evaluated in comparison with pixel based. Landslides, soil moisture, soil permeability, snowcover and vegetation cover can be effectively monitored by those methods.
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