| 1. |
- Andersson, Malte, 1941, et al.
(författare)
-
”Minskande befolkning är inte problemet”
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Dagens Nyheter. ; :1 augusti, DN-debatt
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Nätverket Population Matters Sweden: En uppmärksammad studie i The Lancet pekar mot en lägre befolkningsökning i världen än tidigare prognoser. Men en miljard människor till är fortfarande långt över vad jorden klarar. Befolkningstrenden måste snarare vända neråt, och det kräver åtgärder för att stärka kvinnors rättigheter världen över.
|
|
| 2. |
- Bjurling-Sjöberg, Petronella, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
-
Action research improved general prerequisites for evidence-based practice
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Heliyon. - : Elsevier BV. - 2405-8440. ; 7:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study was part of an action research project that was performed to implement a clinical pathway for patients on mechanical ventilation and simultaneously explore the implementation process in a Swedish intensive care unit. The aim of this questionnaire study was to evaluate whether an action research methodology could affect the general prerequisites for evidence-based practice (EBP). Informed by the Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARIHS) framework, the study included registered nurses, assistant nurses and anesthesiologists in the unit at start of the project (n = 50) and at follow-up (n = 44). Data was collected with the Evaluation Before Implementation Questionnaire and the Attitudes towards Guidelines Scale. The results revealed that the general prerequisites for EBP in the setting improved. Compared to baseline measurements, the staff at follow-up conversed significantly more about the importance of the patients' experiences, research utilization, context and facilitation, while changes with respect to clinical experiences were not significant. The attitudes towards guidelines were perceived as positive at baseline as well as at follow-up and did not significantly change. Longer professional experience was associated with a slightly lower probability of perceiving that the importance of research utilization was discussed and reflected upon, while belonging to a profession with longer education was associated with a higher probability of this perception. Compared to registered nurses and assistant nurses, the anesthesiologists perceived, to a greater extent, that the importance of clinical experience was discussed and reflected upon in the setting, while there was no significant association with the length of professional experience and/or specific professions regarding the other components. In conclusion, using action research to implement a clinical pathway methodology seems to set in motion various mechanisms that improve some but not all prerequisites that, according to the PARIHS framework, are advantageous for EBP.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Bjurling-Sjöberg, Petronella, et al.
(författare)
-
Balancing intertwined responsibilities: A grounded theory study of teamwork in everyday intensive care unit practice
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Journal of Interprofessional Care. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1356-1820 .- 1469-9567. ; 31:2, s. 233-244
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to describe and explain teamwork and factors that influence team processes in everyday practice in an intensive care unit (ICU) from a staff perspective. The setting was a Swedish ICU. Data were collected from 38 ICU staff in focus groups with registered nurses, assistant nurses, and anaesthetists, and in one individual interview with a physiotherapist. Constant comparative analysis according to grounded theory was conducted, and to identify the relations between the emerged categories, the paradigm model was applied. The core category to emerge from the data was balancing intertwined responsibilities. In addition, eleven categories that related to the core category emerged. These categories described and explained the phenomenon's contextual conditions, causal conditions, and intervening conditions, as well as the staff actions/interactions and the consequences that arose. The findings indicated that the type of teamwork fluctuated due to circumstantial factors. Based on the findings and on current literature, strategies that can optimise interprofessional teamwork are presented. The analysis generated a conceptual model, which aims to contribute to existing frameworks by adding new dimensions about perceptions of team processes within an ICU related to staff actions/interactions. This model may be utilised to enhance the understanding of existing contexts and processes when designing and implementing interventions to facilitate teamwork in the pursuit of improving healthcare quality and patient safety.
|
|
| 5. |
- Bjurling-Sjöberg, Petronella, 1968-
(författare)
-
Clinical Pathway Implementation and Teamwork in Swedish Intensive Care : Challenges in Evidence-Based Practice and Interprofessional Collaboration
- 2018
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Suboptimal quality of care is an evident issue in current healthcare services. Clinical pathways (CPs) have the potential to facilitate evidence-based practice and interprofessional teamwork, and thereby improve patient safety and quality of care.The overall aim of the thesis was to develop comprehensive empirical knowledge and understanding of CP implementation and teamwork in Swedish intensive care units (ICUs). Four studies were included (I-IV).Study I was a survey including all Swedish ICUs (N84) and a document analysis of CP examples (n12). In total, 17 (20%) ICUs used CPs and many had implementation plans. The quality, extent and content of the CPs (n56) varied greatly, with sometimes insufficient interprofessionalism, evidence base and renewal.Study II was a mixed method including ICUs using CPs. The implementation processes were retrospectively explored through questionnaire data (n15) and qualitative content analysis of interviews with key informants (n10). The CP implementation was revealed as a process directed at realizing the usefulness and creating new habits, which requires enthusiasm, support and time.Studies III and IV were grounded theory studies in an action research project in an ICU. Study III explored everyday teamwork through focus group interviews with registered nurses, assistant nurses and anesthesiologists, as well as an individual interview with a physiotherapist (n38). Teamwork was revealed as an act of ‘balancing intertwined responsibilities.’ The type of teamwork fluctuated as the team processes were affected by circumstantial factors and involved individuals. Study IV prospectively explored the implementation process of a CP during a five-year period through repeated focus groups and individual interviews, questionnaires and logbooks/field notes, including the interprofessional project group, staff and managers (n71), and retrospective screening of health records (n136). ‘Struggling for a feasible tool’ was revealed as a central phenomenon. The implementation process included contextual and processual circumstances that enforced negotiations to achieve progress, which made the process tentative and prolonged and had consequences on the process output.In conclusion, CP implementation processes are affected by multiple interplaying factors. Although progress has been achieved in evidence-based practice and interprofessional collaboration there is still potential for substantial improvements, emphasizing a need for further facilitation.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Bjurling-Sjöberg, Petronella, et al.
(författare)
-
Factors affecting the implementation process of clinical pathways : A mixed method study within the context of Swedish intensive care
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of Evaluation In Clinical Practice. - : Wiley. - 1356-1294 .- 1365-2753. ; 21:2, s. 255-261
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rationale, aims and objectives Clinical pathways (CPs) can improve quality of care on intensive care units (ICUs), but are infrequently utilized and of varying quality. Knowledge regarding factors that facilitate versus hinder successful implementation of CPs is insufficient and a better understanding of the activities and individuals involved is needed. The aim of this study was to explore the implementation process of CPs within the context of ICUs. Methods An exploratory design with a sequential mixed method was used. A CP survey, including all Swedish ICUs, was used to collect quantitative data from ICUs using CPs (n = 15) and interviews with key informants (n = 10) were used to collect qualitative data from the same ICUs. Descriptive statistics and qualitative content analysis were used, and the quantitative and qualitative findings were integrated. Results The CP implementation was conceptualized according to two interplaying themes: a process to realize the usefulness of CPs and create new habits; and a necessity of enthusiasm, support and time. Multiple factors affected the process and those factors were organized in six main categories and 14 subcategories. Conclusions Bottom-up initiatives, interprofessional project groups and small ICUs seem to enhance successful implementation of CPs while inadequate electronic health record systems, insufficient support and time constrains can be barriers. Support regarding the whole implementation process from centralized units at the local hospitals, as well as cooperation between ICUs and national guidance, has the potential to raise the quality of CPs and benefit the progress of CP implementation.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
- Bjurling-Sjöberg, Petronella, et al.
(författare)
-
Prevalence and quality of clinical pathways in Swedish intensive care units : a national survey
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Evaluation In Clinical Practice. - : Wiley. - 1356-1294 .- 1365-2753. ; 20:1, s. 48-57
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVESTo identify the prevalence of clinical pathways (CPs) in Swedish intensive care units (ICUs) and to explore the quality, content and evidence base of the documents.METHODSA descriptive and explorative survey of all Swedish ICUs (N84) and a review of submitted examples of CPs (n12) were conducted.RESULTSCPs were in use at 20% of the Swedish ICUs. There was a significant geographic variation but no relationship between the use of CPs and category of hospital, type of ICU, size of ICU or type of health record applied. In total, 56 CPs were reported within a range of scopes and extensions. The content of the ICUs' CPs, as well as the degree to which they were interprofessional, evidence based, and renewed varied.CONCLUSIONSProgress has been made in relation to CPs in recent years, but there is potential for further improvements. None of the ICUs had CPs that contained all key characteristics of a high-quality, interprofessional and evidence-based CP identified in the literature. Greater knowledge sharing and cooperation within the field would be beneficial, and further research is needed.
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
- Bjurling-Sjöberg, Petronella, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
-
Struggling for a feasible tool - the process of implementing a clinical pathway in intensive care: a grounded theory study
- 2018
-
Ingår i: BMC Health Serv Res. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6963. ; 18
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundClinical pathways can enhance care quality, promote patient safety and optimize resource utilization. However, they are infrequently utilized in intensive care. This study aimed to explain the implementation process of a clinical pathway based on a bottom-up approach in an intensive care context.MethodsThe setting was an 11-bed general intensive care unit in Sweden. An action research project was conducted to implement a clinical pathway for patients on mechanical ventilation. The project was managed by a local interprofessional core group and was externally facilitated by two researchers. Grounded theory was used by the researchers to explain the implementation process. The sampling in the study was purposeful and theoretical and included registered nurses (n31), assistant nurses (n26), anesthesiologists (n11), a physiotherapist (n1), first- and second-line managers (n2), and health records from patients on mechanical ventilation (n136). Data were collected from 2011 to 2016 through questionnaires, repeated focus groups, individual interviews, logbooks/field notes and health records. Constant comparative analysis was conducted, including both qualitative data and descriptive statistics from the quantitative data.ResultsA conceptual model of the clinical pathway implementation process emerged, and a central phenomenon, which was conceptualized as Struggling for a feasible tool,' was the core category that linked all categories. The phenomenon evolved from the Triggers' (Perceiving suboptimal practice' and Receiving external inspiration and support'), pervaded the Implementation process' (Contextual circumstances,' Processual circumstances' and Negotiating to achieve progress'), and led to the process Output' (Varying utilization' and Improvements in understanding and practice'). The categories included both facilitating and impeding factors that made the implementation process tentative and prolonged but also educational.ConclusionsThe findings provide a novel understanding of a bottom-up implementation of a clinical pathway in an intensive care context. Despite resonating well with existing implementation frameworks/theories, the conceptual model further illuminates the complex interaction between different circumstances and negotiations and how this interplay has consequences for the implementation process and output. The findings advocate a bottom-up approach but also emphasize the need for strategic priority, interprofessional participation, skilled facilitators and further collaboration.
|
|
| 15. |
- Björkqvist, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Phenotypic and genotypic characterisation of blood isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci in the newborn
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Acta Pathologica, Microbiologica et Immunologica Scandinavica (APMIS). - : Wiley. - 0903-4641 .- 1600-0463. ; 110:4, s. 332-339
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) are the leading cause of late-onset sepsis in newborns (>72 h of age). Our aim was to determine whether phenotypic and/or genotypic differences existed between blood isolates of CNS regarded as inducers of sepsis or as contaminants. Ninety-seven bloodisolates of CNS recovered from newborns at the neonatal intensive care unit, Örebro, Sweden in 1983–1997 were analysed. Twenty-nine of them (30%) were classified as sepsis isolates and 68 (70%) as contaminants. The most prevalent species was Staphylococcus epidermidis (n=59). Staphylococcus haemolyticus (n=16) was most often isolated from newborns with the lowest gestational age and birth weight. Biochemical typing using the Phene Plate system (PhP) and genotyping using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) showed that the S. epidermidis isolates regarded as inducers of sepsis (n=16) were more homogeneous than isolates considered contaminants (n=37). One main genotypic group, representing seven (44%) isolates, was identified among the sepsis isolates. Phenotypically the S. epidermidis sepsis isolates comprised three major clusters. In contrast, among the S. epidermidis contaminants, eight genotypic groups and two phenotypic clusters were identified. The dominating genotypic group among the sepsis isolates of S. epidermidis may represent strains with higher invasive capacity.
|
|
| 16. |
- Bremer, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
-
ILF2 and ILF3 are autoantigens in canine systemic autoimmune disease
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 2045-2322. ; 8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dogs can spontaneously develop complex systemic autoimmune disorders, with similarities to human autoimmune disease. Autoantibodies directed at self-antigens are a key feature of these autoimmune diseases. Here we report the identification of interleukin enhancer-binding factors 2 and 3 (ILF2 and ILF3) as autoantigens in canine immune-mediated rheumatic disease. The ILF2 autoantibodies were discovered in a small, selected canine cohort through the use of human protein arrays; a method not previously described in dogs. Subsequently, ILF3 autoantibodies were also identified in the same cohort. The results were validated with an independent method in a larger cohort of dogs. ILF2 and ILF3 autoantibodies were found exclusively, and at a high frequency, in dogs that showed a speckled pattern of antinuclear antibodies on immunofluorescence. ILF2 and ILF3 autoantibodies were also found at low frequency in human patients with SLE and Sjogren's syndrome. These autoantibodies have the potential to be used as diagnostic biomarkers for canine, and possibly also human, autoimmune disease.
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
- Gharehbaghi, Arash, et al.
(författare)
-
Severity assessments of aortic stenosis using intelligent phonocardiography
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objectives: To study capabilities of the intelligent phonocardiography (IPCG) in automatic grading severity of the aortic stenosis (AS).Methods: Phonocardiogram signals were recorded from the patients with AS, as diagnosed by echocardiography. The patient group is comprised of signals, recorded from 5 patients (2 recordings from each), mostly elderly referrals (>60 years) with mild to severe AS. An advanced processing algorithm, consisted of the wavelet transform and the stepwise regression analysis, characterizes the systolic murmur caused by the AS in order to predict the 5 indicators; mean pressure gradient over the aortic valve (MPG), maximum jet velocity (MJV), aortic valve area (AVA), velocity time integral and the ejection period. The automatic assessment is performed by an artificial neural network using the predicted values of the indicators as the input data. Reliability of the IPCG is validated by applying repeated random sub-sampling (RRSS) with 70%/30% of the training/testing data, and calculating the accuracy. The RRSS is also employed to validate reproducibility of the IPCG by using 70% of the signals for training and the second recording of the same individuals for testing.Results: Accuracy of the IPCG is estimated to be and (95% confidence interval) for the reliability and the reproducibility, respectively. Linear correlation between the characterized systolic murmur and the MPG (r>0.81), the MJV (r>0.82) and the AVA (r>0.85) is observed.Conclusions: The IPCG has the potential to objectively serve as a clinical tool for grading severity of the aortic stenosis.
|
|
| 19. |
- Hansén, Sven-Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
Tension patterns in Finnish teacher education : Recruitment, reform and relevance
- 2023
-
Ingår i: <em>Teacher education in the Nordic region</em>. <em>Challenges and opportunities</em>. - Cham : Springer. - 9783031260506 ; , s. 159-174
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this chapter, tension patterns and development opportunities withinFinnish teacher education are examined. We have chosen to focus the analysis onthe recruitment of student teachers, the relationship between theory and practice andmentorship for newly qualified teachers. Tension patterns and development oppor-tunities appear in all three phases, linking the content and form of teacher education.The analysis examines the overarching idea behind a recently introduced recruit-ment reform that was developed to let interviews play a larger role in the process.This was developed to address a situation in which an applicant applies to severaluniversities or programmes, but is interviewed only once. The relationship betweentheory and practice in teacher education remains problematic, despite the practiceschools’ favourable organizational conditions. New teachers still face challengeswhen entering the profession; mentoring programmes have been introduced toreduce these tensions.Like some other provinces in the Nordic countries, the self-governing ÅlandIslands have their own school system, which has both Finnish and Swedish traits, aswell as similar kinds of tensions. Despite the presented tensions, research-based teacher education continues to be an appropriate foundation for the continuingdevelopment of Finnish teacher education.
|
|
| 20. |
- Hansson, Lena, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
-
Vitamin D, liver-related biomarkers, and distribution of fat and lean mass in young patients with Fontan circulation
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Cardiology in the Young. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1047-9511 .- 1467-1107. ; 32:6, s. 861-868
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction/aim: Young patients with Fontan circulation may have low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, an affected liver, and unhealthy body compositions. This study aimed to explore the association between vitamin D intake/levels, liver biomarkers, and body composition in young Fontan patients.Method: We collected prospective data in 2017 to 2018, obtained with food-frequency questionnaires, biochemical analyses of liver biomarkers, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans in 44 children with Fontan circulation. Body compositions were compared to matched controls (n = 38). Linear regression analyses were used to investigate associations of biomarkers, leg pain, and lean mass on serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Biomarkers were converted to z scores and differences were evaluated within the Fontan patients.Results: Our Fontan patients had a daily mean vitamin D intake of 9.9 µg and a mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D of 56 nmol/L. These factors were not associated with fat or lean mass, leg pain, or biomarkers of liver status. The Fontan patients had significantly less lean mass, but higher fat mass than controls. Male adolescents with Fontan circulation had a greater mean abdominal fat mass than male controls and higher cholesterol levels than females with Fontan circulation.Conclusion: Vitamin D intake and serum levels were not associated with body composition or liver biomarkers in the Fontan group, but the Fontan group had lower lean mass and higher fat mass than controls. The more pronounced abdominal fat mass in male adolescents with Fontan circulation might increase metabolic risks later in life.
|
|
| 21. |
- Janzi, Magdalena, et al.
(författare)
-
Selective IgA deficiency in early life : Association to infections and allergic diseases during childhood
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1521-6616 .- 1521-7035. ; 133:1, s. 78-85
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Selective IgA deficiency in early life is quite common in Caucasian populations, but it is unclear whether it increases the risk of infections and allergic diseases during childhood. Serum IgA levels were measured in 2423 children at 4 years of age in a Swedish population based birth cohort (BAMSE). Parental questionnaires were repeatedly sent out during the child's first 8 years of life, collecting information about infections and allergic diseases. 14 children (1:173) were found to be IgA deficient at 4 years of age. These children had an increased risk of pseudocroup at year 1 (p<0.01) and food hypersensitivity at year 4 (p<0.05) as compared to IgA sufficient children. No increased risk was observed in the partial IgA deficiency group. The findings suggest that selective IgA deficiency may increase the risk of parentally reported pseudocroup and food hypersensitivity during early childhood.
|
|
| 22. |
- Jöborn, Inger, et al.
(författare)
-
Hälsokonsekvenser i strategisk miljöbedömning (SMB) med Göteborgs åtgärdsprogram för kvävedioxid som testfall
- 2005
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I det här projektet har en strategisk miljöbedömning (SMB) tagits fram med Göteborgs åtgärdsprogram för kvävedioxid som testfall. Syftet med projektet var dels att ta fram ett utökat underlag om situationen i Göteborg inför år 2006 när det gäller luftföroreningshalter och bullernivåer och dess hälsokonsekvenser, samt den nytta som är förknippade med åtgärderna. Dels att bidra med ytterligare underlag och metodik för att i kommande SMB-processer bättre kunna generalisera och kvantifiera miljökonsekvenser och nytta av en omställning till ett mer hållbart trafiksystem.
|
|
| 23. |
- Larsson, Inger, et al.
(författare)
-
Kvinnornas natur : några namn i den svenska naturskildringens 1900-talshistoria
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Från Eden till damavdelningen : en vänbok till Christina Sjöblad. - 1102-5522. - 9188396207 ; , s. 135-150
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den icke-fiktiva svenska naturskildringen har så gott som uteslutande förknippats med manliga namn. I den här undersökande essän vill jag vidga fältet genom att presentera ett antal kvinnliga skribenter och deras olika förhållande till naturen: Esther och Ruth Kolthoff, Karin Jansson, Elsa af Trolle, Harriet Hjorth, Margit Geijer, Margaret von Bismarck, Margareta Ekström, Ingegerd Möller.
|
|
| 24. |
- Larsson, Inger, et al.
(författare)
-
Om gäddor, 'oxöron' och nostalgi i Lennart Williams journalistik
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Då och där, här och nu : festskrift till Ingemar Oscarsson. - 1102-5522. ; , s. 153-160
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Som journalist och fotograf var Lennart Williams framför allt knuten till Ljungby-Tidningen Smålänningen, men han publicerade sig flitigt som naturskribent även i många andra publikationer. Den här uppsatsen tar fasta på ett nostalgiskt tema i de naturkrönikor han skrev i Göteborgs-Posten under åren 1957-87.
|
|
| 25. |
- Lindahl, Göran, et al.
(författare)
-
Bergslagen : Arbetsplatser och bostäder under hundra år
- 1983
-
Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Denna skrift utgör resultatet av Arkitekturskolans studier läsåret 1978-79. Att redigera manuskripten visade sig arbetskrävande och har också dragit ut på tiden. Att vissa av de uppgifter som lämnas inte är helt aktuella spelar ändå inte så stor roll - tyngdpunkten i framställningen ligger på det historiska materialet och de långa tidsperspektiven.Arbetet inleds med en demografisk översikt över ett brett bälte tvärs över Mellansverige från Värmland till Upplandskusten. Där antyds utvecklingens huvudriktning både i Bergslagens gamla kärnområden och i yttre zoner av delvis annan karaktär. Därefter följer åtta från varandra fristående kapitel som dock alla har ett gemensamt mål, att granska och analysera bebyggelseu.tvecklingen inom ett tydligt avgränsat område. Konkretion och åskådlighet har eftersträvats - därför har också stor möda nedlagts på bildmaterialet i form av kartor, ritningar och foton. Valet av undersökningsobjekt har gjorts av författarna själva, som också utformat sina avsnitt självständigt.
|
|
| 26. |
- Littberger, Inger, et al.
(författare)
-
Den besatte teckentydaren
- 1996
-
Ingår i: I lärdomens trädgård: Festskrift till Louise Vinge. Litteratur teater film, nya serien 15.. - 9179663923
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
|
|
| 27. |
|
|
| 28. |
|
|
| 29. |
- Mikaelsson, B, et al.
(författare)
-
Varför ökar sjukfrånvaron?
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 96:39, s. 4160-4162
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 30. |
- Rabe, Hardis, et al.
(författare)
-
Neonatal gut colonization by Bifidobacterium is associated with higher childhood cytokine responses.
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Gut microbes. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1949-0984 .- 1949-0976. ; 12:1, s. 1-14
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The gut microbiota is a major stimulus for the immune system, and late acquisition of bacteria and/or reduced complexity of the gut flora may delay adaptive immune maturation. However, it is unknown how the gut bacterial colonization pattern in human infants is related to T cell activation during early childhood. We followed 65 Swedish children in the FARMFLORA cohort, from birth up to 3years of age. In fecal samples collected at several time points during the first year of life, the gut colonization pattern was investigated with the use of both 16S rRNA next generation sequencing (NGS) and culture-based techniques. This was related to production of IL-13, IL-5, IL-6, TNF, IL-1β and IFN-γ by PHA-stimulated fresh mononuclear cells and to proportions of CD4+ T cells that expressed CD45RO at 36months of age. Both NGS and culture-based techniques showed that colonization by Bifidobacterium at 1week of age associated with higher production of IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, TNF and IL-1β at 36months of age. By contrast, gut colonization by Enterococcus, Staphylococcus aureus or Clostridium in early infancy related inversely to induced IL-13, IL-5 and TNF at 3years of age. Infants with elder siblings produced more cytokines and had a larger fraction of CD45RO+ T cells compared to single children. However, controlling for these factors did not abolish the effect of colonization by Bifidobacterium on immune maturation. Thus, gut colonization in early infancy affects T cell maturation and Bifidobacterium may be especially prone to induce infantile immune maturation.
|
|
| 31. |
- Regnell, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
Den osynliga forskargruppen - ledarskap i och kring akademins verksamhetsbärande enheter
- 2010
-
Ingår i: AKKA AKademiska Kollegors Ansvar - Ledarutvecklingsprogram för kvinnor och män vid Lunds universitet 2008-2009. - 9789163363863 ; , s. 99-131
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport är slutprodukten av ett projektarbete inom ledarskapsprogrammet AKKA III år 2009 och undersöker den paradoxala situation som uppstår då forskargrupper fungerar som verksamhetsbärande enheter samtidigt som deras formella roll i organisationen är oklar. Detta väcker frågeställningar som är relevanta ur ett ledarskapsperspektiv: Vad är egentligen en forskargrupp? Vilka olika typer av forskargrupper finns det? Vad sker under olika forskargruppers livscykel? Hur ser könssammansättningen ut i de undersökta forskargrupperna? Vilka perspektiv på ledarskapet finns inom och ovanför forskargrupperna? Hur är ledarskap i en forskargruppskontext kopplat till genus och mångfald? Vilka kulturella föreställningar om maskulinitet och femininitet råder i detta ledarskap? Hur beskrivs och synliggörs forskargrupper av universitetet? Hur kan universitet utveckla det omgivande stödet till forskargrupperna så att deras verksamhet kan utvecklas, utan att skapa en alltför tung och kostsam byråkrati? Vi gör inte anspråk på att ge uttömmande svar på alla dessa frågor, men vi har påbörjat en faktabaserad undersökning av ovan nämnda frågeställningar som ligger till grund för den vision som detta arbete mynnar ut i. Visionen kan sammanfattas i följande tre huvudpunkter, som vidare beskrivs och diskuteras i denna rapport: (1) Synliggjorda och erkända forskargrupper (2) Omgivningens goda stöd för en fruktbar livscykel (3) Ledarskap för ett gott forskargruppsklimat
|
|
| 32. |
- Sjöberg, Gunnar, 1955-
(författare)
-
Om det inte är dyskalkyli - vad är det då? : En multimetodstudie av eleven i matematikproblem ur ett longitudinellt perspektiv
- 2006
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- One of the big problems of the Swedish nine-year compulsory school is the large number of pupils who fail to achieve a satisfactory standard in mathematics. One explanation that has been increasingly considered over the last ten years is that the pupils have dyscalculia. Some research suggests that 6 per cent of compulsory school pupils suffer from this dysfunction, which would in that case make it one of the Swedish school’s greatest teaching problems.The purpose of this thesis is to examine this problem area from two aspects. First of all by examining the concept of dyscalculia by means of a review of the literature from 1992 onwards. The second perspective has as its starting point a case study where the purpose was to give a detailed picture of the pupil with mathematics problems. The latter part of the study was carried out over a six-year period when 200 pupils, 13 of them with particular mathematics problems, were studied in detail.A point of departure for the study was provided by a large database where as much information as possible was collected about pupils from Year 5 of the nine-year compulsory school to Year 2 of the three-year upper secondary school. The pupils were asked to fill in regular questionnaires and classroom observations were made of roughly 100 mathematics lessons, 40 of which were recorded on video. Finally there were in-depth interviews of the 13 pupils on two occasions, the final one being during Year 2 of the upper secondary school.The review of the research showed a series of dubious and indistinct circumstances surrounding the dyscalculia concept, and also ambiguity with regard to the diagnosis of dyscalculia. The conclusion of the review was that the concept of dyscalculia ought at present to be used with great caution, or perhaps not at all. Admittedly the review does not provide grounds for totally dismissing the dyscalculia concept, but as long as it remains impossible to determine the concept unambiguously, and I have not been able to do this in the course of this study, there are no good scientific grounds for using the term dyscalculia in practice.The empirical study shows the complexity of the problem area. Both the causes suggested by the pupils as the origin of the problem and the measures that helped them to obtain their mathematics grades form a complex pattern. The low work input of the pupils during mathematics lessons, an unsettled working environment, large classes, problems of stress and anxiety prior to tests, and obstructive gender patterns are among the causes suggested by the pupils as explanations of the occurrence of the mathematics problems. Good teachers, in other words teachers who can explain, set limits and give encouragement, were a significant factor in reversing the downward trend. Positive experiences of school changes, where the pupil felt that he or she could start again from the beginning, were also mentioned as significant by several pupils. Collaboration with fellow-pupils and the fact that the pupils themselves decided to get to grips with the problems were other important reasons for the change. The prospects of students with specific problems in mathematics nevertheless being able to leave compulsory school with satisfactory grades appear, however, from the results of this study, to be bright. All the pupils left the compulsory school with satisfactory mathematics grades and also completed mathematics studies at upper secondary school, despite major problems in the subject at intermediate school (age 10-13) stage.The study indicates the need for research closer to the actual practical situation and to the importance of emphasizing good examples in practice. As the students themselves emphasize discrete communication between them as significant in the subject of mathematics, this is also an important area for future research.
|
|
| 33. |
|
|
| 34. |
- Sjöberg, Lina, 1973-
(författare)
-
Genesis och Jernet : ett möte mellan Sara Lidmans Jernbaneepos och bibelns berättelser
- 2006
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The subject of this dissertation is intertextuality between the Hebrew Bible and a piece of twentieth century Swedish fiction. The main purpose is to create analytical tools and to find a way to deal with fragmentary intertextuality between bible and literature. The material dealt with is a modern suite of novels, Jernbarneeposet (“The Railroad Epic”) by Sara Lidman, on the one hand, and the stories about Abraham, Sarah and Hagar in Genesis 16 and 21 on the other. I suggest a model for analyzing fragmentary references, arguing that the process of interpretation becomes more transparent, and thus more open to critical discussion, if the interpreter deals with each separate reference on three levels – “marker”, “means” and “effect”. It is assumed that the reader of fragmentary intertextuality becomes engaged in a number of small hermeneutical operations. The purpose of systematization is to organize and articulate each step in such an operation. The second half of the dissertation takes its point of departure from an observation that the failure to interpret the significance of the personal relationships indicated in several Genesis stories is common to both traditional and postmodern biblical scholarship. Therefore, I investigate the possibility of using modern literary fiction as a tool in interpreting the emotional aspects of the Abraham, Sarah and Hagar stories. I propose that it is possible to make use of modern literary works in biblical scholarship, not as commentaries, but as inspiration. The question discussed is: How then, can this inspiration be integrated in serious biblical scholarship?
|
|
