| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Andaloussi, Mounir, et al.
(författare)
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Microwave-promoted palladium(II)-catalyzed C-P bond formation by using arylboronic acids or aryltrifluoroborates.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Chemistry - A European Journal. - Weinheim : Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH. - 0947-6539 .- 1521-3765. ; 15:47, s. 13069-13074
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The first Pd-II-catalyzed P arylation has been performed by using palladium acetate, the rigid bidentate ligand dmphen (dmphen=2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline), and without the addition of base or acid. Couplings of arylboronic acids or aryl trifluoroborates with H-phosphonate dialkyl esters were conducted in 30 min with controlled microwave (MW) heating under non-inert conditions. Aryl phosphites were also synthesized at room temperature with atmospheric air as the sole reoxidant. The arylated phosphonates were isolated in 44-90% yields. The excellent chemoselectivity of the method was illustrated in the synthesis of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis glutamine synthetase (MTB-GS) inhibitor. Online ESIMS was used to detect cationic palladium species in ongoing reactions directly, and a catalytic cycle has been proposed based on these results.
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| 3. |
- Ardeshiri, Tohid, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Sensor Fusion for Vehicle Positioning in Intersection Active Safety Applications
- 2006
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Ingår i: 8th International Symposium on Advanced Vehicle Control. - 9860059470
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Global Positioning System (GPS) is being increasingly used in active safety applications. One field of active safety in which navigation information can be used is Intersection Active Safety Applications (IASA) which requires a precise and continuous estimate of vehicle position and heading direction to function properly. In this paper an implementation of Extended Kalman Filter for estimation of vehicle position and heading direction in an intersection active safety application is presented. The algorithm was tested on a complex urban trajectory of 2 km long and showed very encouraging results.
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| 4. |
- Bergquist, Stefan, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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AUTOMATION FOR IMPROVED SAFETY IN ROADSIDE CONSTRUCTION
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 30th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction and Mining. - : International Association for Automation and Robotics in Construction (IAARC). - 9781926872162 ; 2013
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, it is investigated how different types of automation would affect the safety forworkers in asphalt paving. The risk for the workers on road construction sites is consistently high incomparison to the average risk of the working population. Automation has been suggested as an alternativefor improving the safety in roadside construction assuming that removing workers will inherently eliminatethe risk of them being injured. In this paper, the potential for improving the safety using automation isanalyzed in detail. By investigating accident statistics and understanding the type of accidents that appear,several different automated functions for increased safety are proposed and described. Based on availablestatistics, it is possible to estimate the safety benefit, as the reduction in fatalities, for several of theproposed functions. The highest safety benefit would be achieved by automating the road traffic drivingthrough the work zones. This has the potential of reducing the total number of road worker fatalities withover 30 %. In addition, it would decrease the number of road traffic accidents in work zones. Automationof construction machinery and dump-trucks also has the potential to increase the safety.
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| 5. |
- Bixby, H., et al.
(författare)
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Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 569:7755, s. 260-4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities(.)(1,2) This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity(3-6). Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017-and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions-was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing-and in some countries reversal-of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories.
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| 6. |
- Butler, Simon, et al.
(författare)
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An Investigation of Work Practices Used by Companies Making Contributions to Established OSS Projects
- 2018
-
Ingår i: ICSE-SEIP '18 Proceedings of the 40th International Conference on Software Engineering: Software Engineering in Practice. - New York : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450356596 ; , s. 201-210
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Professionals contribute to open source software (OSS) projects aspart of their employment. Previous research has addressed motivationsof individuals and the ways they engage with OSS projects.However, there is a lack of research which examines and explainswork practices used by companies in their engagement with projects.Work practices used by companies to contribute to five establishedOSS projects are investigated through examination of the actions ofemployees in public communication channels and draw on our experienceswhen analysing engagement with the same projects. Wefind that companies utilise work practices for contributing whichare congruent with the circumstances and their capabilities thatsupport their short and long term needs. We find that companiescontribute to OSS projects in different ways, such as employing coreproject developers, making donations, and joining project steeringcommittees in order to advance strategic interests.
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| 7. |
- Butler, Simon, et al.
(författare)
-
On Company Contributions to Community Open Source Software Projects
- 2021
-
Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0098-5589 .- 1939-3520. ; 47:7, s. 1381-1401
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The majority of contributions to community open source software (OSS) projects are made by practitioners acting on behalf of companies and other organisations. Previous research has addressed the motivations of both individuals and companies to engage with OSS projects. However, limited research has been undertaken that examines and explains the practical mechanisms or work practices used by companies and their developers to pursue their commercial and technical objectives when engaging with OSS projects. This research investigates the variety of work practices used in public communication channels by company contributors to engage with and contribute to eight community OSS projects. Through interviews with contributors to the eight projects we draw on their experiences and insights to explore the motivations to use particular methods of contribution. We find that companies utilise work practices for contributing to community projects which are congruent with the circumstances and their capabilities that support their short- and long-term needs. We also find that companies contribute to community OSS projects in ways that may not always be apparent from public sources, such as employing core project developers, making donations, and joining project steering committees in order to advance strategic interests. The factors influencing contributor work practices can be complex and are often dynamic arising from considerations such as company and project structure, as well as technical concerns and commercial strategies. The business context in which software created by the OSS project is deployed is also found to influence contributor work practices.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Eriksson, Carl, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term effectiveness of vedolizumab in inflammatory bowel disease : a national study based on the Swedish National Quality Registry for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (SWIBREG)
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 52:6-7, s. 722-729
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of vedolizumab in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, these findings may not reflect the clinical practice. Therefore, we aimed to describe a vedolizumab-treated patient population and assess long-term effectiveness.Materials and methods: Patients initiating vedolizumab between 1 June 2014 and 30 May 2015 were identified through the Swedish National Quality Registry for IBD. Prospectively collected data on treatment and disease activity were extracted. Clinical remission was defined as Patient Harvey Bradshaw index<5 in Crohn's disease (CD) and Patient Simple Clinical Colitis Activity index<3 in ulcerative colitis (UC).Results: Two-hundred forty-six patients (147CD, 92 UC and 7 IBD-Unclassified) were included. On study entry, 86% had failed TNF-antagonist and 48% of the CD patients had undergone1 surgical resection. After a median follow-up of 17 (IQR: 14-20) months, 142 (58%) patients remained on vedolizumab. In total, 54% of the CD- and 64% of the UC patients were in clinical remission at the end of follow-up, with the clinical activity decreasing (p<.0001 in both groups). Faecal-calprotectin decreased in CD (p<.0001) and in UC (p=.001), whereas CRP decreased in CD (p=.002) but not in UC (p=.11). Previous anti-TNF exposure (adjusted HR: 4.03; 95% CI: 0.96-16.75) and elevated CRP at baseline (adjusted HR: 2.22; 95% CI: 1.10-4.35) seemed to be associated with discontinuation because of lack of response. Female sex was associated with termination because of intolerance (adjusted HR: 2.75; 95% CI: 1.16-6.48).Conclusion: Vedolizumab-treated patients represent a treatment-refractory group. A long-term effect can be achieved, even beyond 1 year of treatment.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Herzfeld, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
-
Collision Avoidance by Utilizing Dynamic Road Friction Information
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Conference Record - Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers. - 1058-6393. ; 2020-November, s. 1425-1429
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Advanced driver assistance systems require an autonomous emergency braking (AEB) system that considers varying tire-to-road friction conditions to estimate minimum emergency braking distance for collision avoidance. Conventional AEB systems, either do not consider the friction at all or assume constant friction, even though the actual road friction profile is dynamic. Ignoring the dynamic friction conditions leads to inefficient operation under slippery road conditions. Therefore, in this work, we present a novel AEB system that exploits friction information ahead of the ego-vehicle that is predicted using on-board vehicle sensors as well with cloud services. The proposed algorithm utilizes the predicted dynamic friction profile and calculates the last braking point to prevent a collision. We implement a simplified vehicle model that enables fast online computations to evaluate the braking distance. Next, the braking sequence is initiated by an anti-lock braking system with slip control. The performance of the proposed algorithm and controller are simulated and evaluated in terms of the braking distance metric that evaluates the relative distance between the ego-vehicle and the threat vehicle at a standstill. The proposed system achieves an improvement of up to 95.8% for varying friction profiles when compared to braking error obtained by constant friction profiles. Furthermore, the proposed system is capable of preventing collisions in all experimental test, thus making it suitable for designing active safety functionalities.
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| 14. |
- Ilka, Adrian, 1987, et al.
(författare)
-
Air-management and fueling strategy for diesel engines from multi-layer control perspective
- 2019
-
Ingår i: IFAC-PapersOnLine. - : Elsevier BV. - 2405-8963. ; 52:5, s. 335-340
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper proposes a novel control design procedure for air management and fueling strategy (AMFS) of diesel engines in lights of a multi-layer control structure (MLCS). Furthermore, novel sufficient stability conditions in the form of linear matrix inequalities are derived (using slack variables to reduce the conservativeness) for grid-based linear parameter-varying systems. The gain-scheduled controller for AMFS is designed to track a reference torque trajectory requested by higher control layers from MLCS, with the objective of minimizing diesel consumption and pollutants' emissions. For controller design a reduced order grid-based linear parameter-varying model is obtained from the detailed benchmark model published by Eriksson et al. (2016). The controller is validated on the benchmark model using the road profile Söderälje-Norrköping.
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| 15. |
- Johansson, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
-
Prehospital analgesia using nasal administration of S-ketamine : a case series
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine. - : BioMed Central. - 1757-7241. ; 21
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pain is a problem that often has to be addressed in the prehospital setting. The delivery of analgesia may sometimes prove challenging due to problems establishing intravenous access or a harsh winter environment. To solve the problem of intravenous access, intranasal administration of drugs is used in some settings. In cases where vascular access was foreseen or proved hard to establish (one or two missed attempts) on the scene of the accident we use nasally administered S-Ketamine for prehospital analgesia. Here we describe the use of nasally administered S-Ketamine in 9 cases. The doses used were in the range of 0,45-1,25 mg/kg. 8 patients were treated in outdoor winter-conditions in Sweden. 1 patient was treated indoor. VAS-score decreased from a median of 10 (interquartile range 8-10) to 3 (interquartile range 2-4). Nasally administered S-Ketamine offers a possible last resource to be used in cases where establishing vascular access is difficult or impossible. Side-effects in these 9 cases were few and non serious. Nasally administered drugs offer a needleless approach that is advantageous for the patient as well as for health personnel in especially challenging selected cases. Nasal as opposed to intravenous analgesia may reduce the time spent on the scene of the accident and most likely reduces the need to expose the patient to the environment in especially challenging cases of prehospital analgesia. Nasal administration of S-ketamine is off label and as such we only use it as a last resource and propose that the effect and safety of the treatment should be further studied.
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| 16. |
- Lind, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)
- 2021
-
Ingår i: eLife. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions.
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| 17. |
- Lindh, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
-
Synthesis of styrenes by palladium(II)-catalyzed vinylation of arylboronic acids and aryltrifluoroborates by using vinyl acetate
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Chemistry - A European Journal. - : Wiley. - 0947-6539 .- 1521-3765. ; 15:18, s. 4630-4636
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reactions of aromatic and heteroaromatic boronic acids or aryltrifluoroborate salts with vinyl acetate in the presence of a palladium(II) catalyst give the corresponding styrenes in good yields. This Heck reaction proceeds with microwave heating in less than 30 min at 140 degrees C in the absence of base and tolerates a variety of substituents. No palladium reoxidant is needed and the vinylation is performed under non-inert conditions. Mass spectrometry (electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESIMS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS)) was used to identify cationic palladium-containing complexes in ongoing reactions. The key intermediates that have been detected, together with experiments that used deuterated vinyl acetate, support the existence of catalytically active palladium hydride species, and that it is the arylation of ethylene, not vinyl acetate, which generates the styrene product. The mechanism of the reaction is discussed in terms of the palladium(II) intermediates mentioned above.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Mishra, A, et al.
(författare)
-
Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents' growth and development
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 615:7954, s. 874-883
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.
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| 20. |
- Murgovski, Nikolce, 1980, et al.
(författare)
-
A methodology and a tool for evaluating hybrid electric powertrain configurations
- 2011
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Electric and Hybrid Vehicles. - 1751-4088. ; 3:3, s. 219-245
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes a methodology for automatic optimisation of hybrid electric powertrains. This methodology is developed and implemented in a tool, CAPSimO, and the paper is written in the form of describing the tool. Given the user inputs, which are dynamic vehicle model, driving cycle and optimisation criterion, the tool first produces a simplified powertrain model in a form of static maps, before dynamic programming is used to find an optimal power split which minimises the chosen criterion. The tool does not require that the vehicle model is transparent, which makes it possible to work on models hidden for intellectual property reasons. The paper presents two examples of powertrain evaluation, in terms of fuel consumption, for a parallel and a parallel-series powertrain.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Murgovski, Nikolce, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Convex optimization of charging infrastructure design and component sizing of a plug-in series HEV powertrain
- 2011
-
Ingår i: IFAC Proceedings Volumes (IFAC-PapersOnline). - 1474-6670. - 9783902661937 ; 18:PART 1, s. 13052-13057
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the topic of plug-in HEV city buses, this paper studies the highly coupled optimization problem of finding the most cost efficient compromise between investing in onboard electric powertrain components and installing a charging infrastructure along the bus line. The paper describes how convex optimization can be used to find the optimal battery sizing for a series HEV with fixed engine and generator unit and a fixed charging infrastructure along the bus line. The novelty of the proposed optimization approach is that both the battery sizing and the energy management strategy are optimized simultaneously by solving a convex problem. In the optimization approach the power haracteristics of the engine-generator unit are approximated by a convex, second order polynomial, and the convex battery model assumes quadratic losses. The paper also presents an example for a specific bus line, showing the dependence between the optimal battery sizing and the number of charging stations on the bus line.
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| 24. |
- Murgovski, Nikolce, 1980, et al.
(författare)
-
Hybrid powertrain concept evaluation using optimization
- 2010
-
Ingår i: EVS-25.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes automatic evaluation of series-parallel (combined) powertrain models using optimization. The novelty with the approach is the possibility to work with non-transparent industrial vehicle models, hidden for intellectual property reasons. The contribution extends the functionality of a recently developed tool for parallel hybrids, with the ability to operate on combined powertrains. Given the user inputs, which include dynamic vehicle model and driving cycle, the tool first produces a simplified powertrain model in the form of static maps, before dynamic programming is used to find an optimal torque split that minimizes fuel consumption. The main use of the tool is to evaluate the potential of a powertrain configuration. The paper contains an illustration of the tool operation on a non-transparent industrial vehicle model. The only requirement on the model is to provide access to some general variables and that it has a torque split that can be fully controlled.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Rydfjord, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Decarboxylative Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Synthesis of Aryl Amidines from Aryl Carboxylic Acids : Development and Mechanistic Investigation
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Chemistry - A European Journal. - : Wiley. - 0947-6539 .- 1521-3765. ; 19:41, s. 13803-13810
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A fast and convenient synthesis of aryl amidines starting from carboxylic acids and cyanamides is reported. The reaction was achieved by palladium(II)-catalysis in a one-step microwave protocol using [Pd(O2CCF3)(2)], 6-methyl-2,2-bipyridyl and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in N-methylpyrrolidinone (NMP), providing the corresponding aryl amidines in moderate to excellent yields. The protocol is very robust with regards to the cyanamide coupling partner but requires electron-rich ortho-substituted aryl carboxylic acids. Mechanistic insight was provided by a DFT investigation and direct ESI-MS studies of the reaction. The results of the DFT study correlated well with the experimental findings and, together with the ESI-MS study, support the suggested mechanism. Furthermore, a scale-out (scale-up) was performed with a non-resonant microwave continuous-flow system, achieving a maximum throughput of 11mmolh(-1) by using a glass reactor with an inner diameter of 3mm at a flow rate of 1mLmin(-1).
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| 29. |
- Sjöberg, Eric, 1984-
(författare)
-
Essays on Environmental Regulation, Management and Conflict
- 2013
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis consists of three different papers summarized as follows. In The political economy of environmental regulation, I study how enforcement of national environmental legislation differ across municipalities in Sweden depending on the local political situation. While the legislation is national, enforcement is decentralized. I find that municipalities where the Green Party joins the ruling political coalition issue more environmental fines than other municipalities. In pricing on the fish market I use Swedish data to study how size affects the price per kilo of fish for several species. In traditional fishery biomass models, fish stocks are treated as homogenous. New theoretical heterogeneous fishery models, where size is allowed to differ in a fish stock, have important implications for regulation, for example that it is optimal to regulate on numbers of fish instead of weight. However, prices in these models are assumed to be constant. My estimates can be used to shed some light on how prices change when the size composition of the catch changes. In my third and final chapter, Settlement under the threat of conflict - The cost of asymmetric information, I present a theoretical model where two players can divide a good peacefully or engage in a contest in order to obtain the entire good. I assume that one player's valuation of the good is private information and show how this affects the expected cost of the contest and thus the probability of peaceful settlement.
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| 30. |
- Sjöberg, Jonas, 1964, et al.
(författare)
-
A VEHICLE SIMULATOR ON A MOTION PLATFORM FOR VEHICLE DYNAMIC EVALUATION
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Controlo 2006, 7th Portuguese Conference on Automatic Control, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisboa, Portugal, September 11-13, 2006.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A vehicle simulator concept for evaluating new vehicle techniques anddrivers perception of the new technique is described. The simulator is based on a motionplatform and is able to simulate fairly normal driving. A virtual environment connecteda dynamic vehicle model are used to combine sound, vision and motion to give thea realistic feeling of driving a car. Some examples of driving tests are described.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Sjöberg, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Interactive Multiobjective Optimization for a Grab-Shift Unloader Crane
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 19th IFAC World Congress.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, multiobjective optimization is applied to an optimal control problem for a grab-shift unloader crane. The crane is modeled as a cart-pendulum system with varying rope length and the trajectory of the grab is limited by the ship, the quay, and the crane structure. The objectives to minimize are chosen as time, energy and maximal instantaneous power. The optimal control problem is solved using a direct simultaneous optimal control method. The study shows that MOO can be an efficient tool when choosing a good compromise between conflicting objectives such as time and energy. Furthermore, navigation among the Pareto optimal solutions has proven to be very useful when a user wants to learn how the control variables interact with the process.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Skillinghaug, Bobo, et al.
(författare)
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Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Desulfitative Synthesis of Aryl Ketones from Sodium Arylsulfinates and Nitriles : Scope, Limitations, and Mechanistic Studies
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Organic Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-3263 .- 1520-6904. ; 79:24, s. 12018-12032
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A fast and efficient protocol for the palladium(II)-catalyzed production of aryl ketones from sodium arylsulfinates and various organic nitriles under controlled microwave irradiation has been developed. The wide scope of the reaction has been demonstrated by combining 14 sodium arylsulfinates and 21 nitriles to give 55 examples of aryl ketones. One additional example illustrated that, through the choice of the nitrile reactant, benzofurans are also accessible. The reaction mechanism was investigated by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and DFT calculations. The desulfitative synthesis of aryl ketones from nitriles was also compared to the corresponding transformation starting from benzoic acids. Comparison of the energy profiles indicates that the free energy requirement for decarboxylation of 2,6-dimethoxybenzoic acid and especially benzoic acid is higher than the corresponding desulfitative process for generating the key aryl palladium intermediate. The palladium(II) intermediates detected by ESI-MS and the DFT calculations provide a detailed understanding of the catalytic cycle.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Zheng, Tenghao, et al.
(författare)
-
Human Leukocyte Antigen Signatures as Pathophysiological Discriminants of Microscopic Colitis Subtypes
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Journal of Crohn's and Colitis. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS. - 1873-9946 .- 1876-4479. ; 18:3, s. 349-359
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Aims: Microscopic colitis [MC] is currently regarded as an inflammatory bowel disease that manifests as two subtypes: collagenous colitis [CC] and lymphocytic colitis [LC]. Whether these represent a clinical continuum or distinct entities is, however, an open question. Genetic investigations may contribute important insight into their respective pathophysiologies. Methods: We conducted a genome-wide association study [GWAS] meta-analysis in 1498 CC, 373 LC patients, and 13 487 controls from Europe and the USA, combined with publicly available MC GWAS data from UK Biobank and FinnGen [2599 MC cases and 552 343 controls in total]. Human leukocyte antigen [HLA] alleles and polymorphic residues were imputed and tested for association, including conditional analyses for the identification of key causative variants and residues. Genetic correlations with other traits and diagnoses were also studied. Results: We detected strong HLA association with CC, and conditional analyses highlighted the DRB1*03:01 allele and its residues Y26, N77, and R74 as key to this association (best p = 1.4 × 10-23, odds ratio [OR] = 1.96). Nominally significant genetic correlations were detected between CC and pneumonia [rg = 0.77; p = 0.048] and oesophageal diseases [rg = 0.45, p = 0.023]. An additional locus was identified in MC GWAS analyses near the CLEC16A and RMI2 genes on chromosome 16 [rs35099084, p = 2.0 × 10-8, OR = 1.31]. No significant association was detected for LC. Conclusion: Our results suggest CC and LC have distinct pathophysiological underpinnings, characterised by an HLA predisposing role only in CC. This challenges existing classifications, eventually calling for a re-evaluation of the utility of MC umbrella definitions.
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| 38. |
- Abd-Elrady, Emad, 1970-
(författare)
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Nonlinear Approaches to Periodic Signal Modeling
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Periodic signal modeling plays an important role in different fields. The unifying theme of this thesis is using nonlinear techniques to model periodic signals. The suggested techniques utilize the user pre-knowledge about the signal waveform. This gives these techniques an advantage as compared to others that do not consider such priors. The technique of Part I relies on the fact that a sine wave that is passed through a static nonlinear function produces a harmonic spectrum of overtones. Consequently, the estimated signal model can be parameterized as a known periodic function (with unknown frequency) in cascade with an unknown static nonlinearity. The unknown frequency and the parameters of the static nonlinearity are estimated simultaneously using the recursive prediction error method (RPEM). A treatment of the local convergence properties of the RPEM is provided. Also, an adaptive grid point algorithm is introduced to estimate the unknown frequency and the parameters of the static nonlinearity in a number of adaptively estimated grid points. This gives the RPEM more freedom to select the grid points and hence reduces modeling errors. Limit cycle oscillations problem are encountered in many applications. Therefore, mathematical modeling of limit cycles becomes an essential topic that helps to better understand and/or to avoid limit cycle oscillations in different fields. In Part II, a second-order nonlinear ODE is used to model the periodic signal as a limit cycle oscillation. The right hand side of the ODE model is parameterized using a polynomial function in the states, and then discretized to allow for the implementation of different identification algorithms. Hence, it is possible to obtain highly accurate models by only estimating a few parameters. In Part III, different user aspects for the two nonlinear approaches of the thesis are discussed. Finally, topics for future research are presented.
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| 39. |
- Akhtar, Farid, et al.
(författare)
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Preparation of graded silicalite-1 substrates for all-zeolite membranes with excellent CO2/H-2 separation performance
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Membrane Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0376-7388 .- 1873-3123. ; 493, s. 206-211
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Graded silicalite-1 substrates with a high gas permeability and low surface roughness have been produced by pulsed current processing of a thin coating of a submicron silicalite-1 powder onto a powder body of coarser silicalite-1 crystals. Thin zeolite films have been hydrothermally grown onto the graded silicalite-1 support and the all-zeolite membranes display an excellent CO2/H-2 separation factor of 12 at 0 degrees C and a CO2 permeance of 21.3 x 10(-7) mol m(-2) s(-1) Pa-1 for an equimolar CO2/H-2 feed at 505 kPa and 101 kPa helium sweep gas. Thermal cracking estimates based on calculated surface energies and measured thermal expansion coefficients suggest that all-zeolite membranes with a minimal thermal expansion mismatch between the graded substrate and the zeolite film should remain crack-free during thermal cycling and the critical calcination step.
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| 40. |
- Ali, Mohammad, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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A PREDICTIVE APPROACH TO ROADWAY DEPARTURE PREVENTION
- 2009
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Ingår i: 21st IAVSD Symposium on Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and Tracks, Stockholm, 17-21 August 2009.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we investigate predictive control approaches to the problem ofroadway departure prevention via steering and braking. We assume a sensinginfrastructure detecting road geometry and consider a two layers architectureconsisting of a threat assessment and an intervention layer. In particular, theupper threat assessment layer detects the risk of roadway departure or vehi-cle instability within a future time horizon. If a risk of roadway departure orvehicle instability is detected, the lower intervention layer is enabled. The lat-ter is designed based on Model Predictive Control (MPC) approaches, wheresteering and braking interventions are the result of an optimization problem.This is formulated on the basis of vehicle state measurements and coming roadinformation (e.g., road geometry, surface adhesion) and repeatedly solved overa moving future time horizon.Simulation and experimental results are presented, showing that the proposedapproach effectively exploits road preview capabilities in order to issue earlierand less intrusive interventions, compared to standard Electronic Stability Con-trol (ESC) systems.
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| 41. |
- Ali, Mohammad, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Automotive Threat Assessment Design for Combined Braking and Steering Maneuvers
- 2013
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology. - 0018-9545 .- 1939-9359. ; PP:99, s. 1-1526
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The active safety systems available on the passenger cars market today, automatically deploy automated safety interventions in situations where the driver is in need of assistance. In this paper, we consider the process of determining whether such interventions are needed. In particular, we design a threat assessment method which evaluates the risk that the vehicle will either leave the road or its maneuverability will be significantly reduced within a finite time horizon. The proposed threat assessment method accounts for combined braking and steering maneuvers, which results in a nonlinear dynamical vehicle behavior. We formulate the threat assessment problem as a nonconvex constraint satisfaction problem and implement an algorithm that solves it through interval-based consistency techniques. Experimental validation of the proposed approach indicates that constraint violation can be predicted, while avoiding the detection of false threats.
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| 42. |
- Ali, Mohammad, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of Different Vehicle Models on Threat Assessment in Critical Curve Situations
- 2009
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Ingår i: 21st International Conference on Enhanced Safety of Vehicles.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Curve speed warning systems (CSW) utilize information about the road and warn drivers if they are about to enter a curve too fast. Recent research shows that CSW is successful in warning for upcoming curves. However no statistically significant change in driver behaviour due to CSW has been shown. In addition, a common requirement cited by drivers is that the amount of false alarms needs to be reduced. This paper evaluates how the level of detail in the modelled vehicle dynamics influences the threat assessment in a situation with an oncoming curve. The point mass model that is commonly used by CSW is compared with more detailed models. Maximum velocity the vehicle can have while still following a curve is investigated and compared for the point mass model, the single track model and the double track model. It is shown that as the level of detail in the modelled dynamics increase, the maximum velocity profile is significantly reduced. This implies that in order to make a reliable threat assessment that can reduce the amount of false alarms and even be used as a base for an autonomous intervention, a more complex vehicle model than the point mass model is required.
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| 43. |
- Ali, Mohammad, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Model-Based Threat Assessment for Lane Guidance Systems
- 2011
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Ingår i: American Control Conference. - 0743-1619. - 9781457700804 ; , s. 4586-4591
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper considers a threat assessment problem in a lane guidance application for semi-autonomous vehicles. In particular, in order to issue an autonomous assisting intervention, we assess the vehicle’s ability to safely travel along a path subject to limitations arising from the vehicle’s dynamics and the driver’s ability.We first introduce a set of constraints describing “safedriving”. For the specific lane guidance application considered in this paper, the constraints are set by the lane boundaries and the vehicle’s stability limits. We then formulate the threat assessment problem as a constraints satisfaction problem over a finite time horizon, solved by resorting to reachabililty analysisand invariant set theory.Validation with experimental data demonstrates the capability of the proposed threat assessment method of predicting vehicle instability or crossing of the lane boundaries.
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| 44. |
- Ali, Mohammad, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Model-Based Threat Assessment in Semi-Autonomous Vehicles with Model Parameter Uncertainties
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Decision and Control. - 2576-2370 .- 0743-1546. - 9781612848006 ; , s. 6822-6827
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we consider model-based threat assessment methods which rely on vehicle and driver mathematical models and are based on reachability analysis tools and set invariance theory. We focus on the parametric uncertainties of the driver mathematical model and show how these can be accounted for in the threat assessment. The novelty of the proposed methods lies in the inclusion of the driver model uncertainties in the threat assessment problem formulation and in their validation through experimental data. We show how different ways of accounting for the model uncertainties impact the capabilities and the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms in detecting hazardous driving situations.
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| 45. |
- Ali, Mohammad, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Predictive Prevention of Loss of Vehicle Control for Roadway Departure Avoidance
- 2013
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems. - 1524-9050 .- 1558-0016. ; 14:1, s. 56-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we investigate predictive approaches to the problem of roadway departure prevention via automated steering and braking. We assume a sensing infrastructure detecting road geometry and consider a two-layer accident avoidance framework consisting of a threat assessment and an intervention layer. A novel active safety function for prevention of loss of vehicle control is proposed and implemented using the considered accident avoidance framework. Simulation and experimental results are presented, showing that the proposed approach effectively exploits road preview information to prevent the vehicle from operating in regions of the state space where standard electronic stability control systems are normally activated.
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| 46. |
- Ali, Mohammad, 1982, et al.
(författare)
-
Real-time Implementation of a Novel Safety Function for Prevention of Loss of Vehicle Control
- 2011
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Ingår i: IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, Proceedings, ITSC. - 9781457721984 ; , s. 1427-1432
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a novel safety function for prevention of vehicle control loss. The safety function overcomes some of the limitations of conventional Electronic Stability Control (ESC) systems. Based on sensor information about the host vehicle's state and the road ahead, a threat assessment algorithm predicts the future evolution of the vehicle's state. If the vehicle motion, predicted over a finite time horizon violates safety constraints, autonomous deceleration is activated in order to prevent vehicle loss of control. The safety function has been implemented in real-time. Experimental results indicate that the safety function relies less on the driver's skills than conventional ESC systems and that a more controllable and comfortable vehicle motion can be acquired when the function is active.
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| 47. |
- Ali, Mohammad, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Threat assessment design under driver parameter uncertainty
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Decision and Control. - 2576-2370 .- 0743-1546. - 9781467320641 ; , s. 6315-6320
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We consider a model-based threat assessment method, which enables the activation of assisting safety interventions in case an accident threat to the driver is detected. The method relies on vehicle and driver mathematical models and reachability analysis tools. In particular, we focus on the problem of false threats detection that can occur due to uncertainties in the driver model, i.e., the driver is incorrectly deemed incapable of accomplishing a driving task. This paper proposes a novel approach, to compensate for uncertainties in the driver model, for the considered threat assessment method. In particular, we show how the considered threat assessment method can be designed such that, if a threat is detected, the driver is guaranteed to be unable to perform the assigned driving task. In such case, an automated assisting intervention can be motivated
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| 48. |
- Ali, Mohammad, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Towards Predictive Yaw Stability Control
- 2009
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Ingår i: 2009 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium; Xi'an; China; 3 June 2009 through 5 June 2009. - 9781424435043 ; , s. 852-857
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper the possibility to predict vehiclecontrol loss using information about the host vehicles states and the road ahead is investigated. An introduction to conventional yaw stability control is presented and a threat assessment algorithm is proposed that can be used in an active safety system to e.g either issue earlier yaw control interventions or completely autonomous maneuvers in order to keep the vehicle on the road. In addition an experimental assessment in which a vehicle equipped with yaw stability control is driven on a test track is presented. It is shown that it is possible to predictpowerful understeer situations if the future geometrical path of the vehicle is known.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
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