| 1. |
- Lind, Lars, et al.
(författare)
-
Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)
- 2021
-
Ingår i: eLife. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions.
|
|
| 2. |
- Bixby, H., et al.
(författare)
-
Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 569:7755, s. 260-4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities(.)(1,2) This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity(3-6). Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017-and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions-was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing-and in some countries reversal-of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Mishra, A, et al.
(författare)
-
Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents' growth and development
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 615:7954, s. 874-883
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Hartley, Philippa, et al.
(författare)
-
SKA Science Data Challenge 2: analysis and results
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 523:2, s. 1967-1993
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Square Kilometre Array Observatory (SKAO) will explore the radio sky to new depths in order to conduct transformational science. SKAO data products made available to astronomers will be correspondingly large and complex, requiring the application of advanced analysis techniques to extract key science findings. To this end, SKAO is conducting a series of Science Data Challenges, each designed to familiarize the scientific community with SKAO data and to drive the development of new analysis techniques. We present the results from Science Data Challenge 2 (SDC2), which invited participants to find and characterize 233 245 neutral hydrogen (H i) sources in a simulated data product representing a 2000 h SKA-Mid spectral line observation from redshifts 0.25-0.5. Through the generous support of eight international supercomputing facilities, participants were able to undertake the Challenge using dedicated computational resources. Alongside the main challenge, 'reproducibility awards' were made in recognition of those pipelines which demonstrated Open Science best practice. The Challenge saw over 100 participants develop a range of new and existing techniques, with results that highlight the strengths of multidisciplinary and collaborative effort. The winning strategy - which combined predictions from two independent machine learning techniques to yield a 20 per cent improvement in overall performance - underscores one of the main Challenge outcomes: that of method complementarity. It is likely that the combination of methods in a so-called ensemble approach will be key to exploiting very large astronomical data sets.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Fujita, S., et al.
(författare)
-
Spatial and temporal variability of snow accumulation rate on the East Antarctic ice divide between Dome Fuji and EPICA DML
- 2011
-
Ingår i: The Cryosphere. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1994-0416 .- 1994-0424. ; 5:4, s. 1057-1081
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To better understand the spatio-temporal variability of the glaciological environment in Dronning Maud Land (DML), East Antarctica, a 2800-km-long Japanese-Swedish traverse was carried out. The route includes ice divides between two ice-coring sites at Dome Fuji and EPICA DML. We determined the surface mass balance (SMB) averaged over various time scales in the late Holocene based on studies of snow pits and firn cores, in addition to radar data. We find that the large-scale distribution of the SMB depends on the surface elevation and continentality, and that the SMB differs between the windward and leeward sides of ice divides for strong-wind events. We suggest that the SMB is highly influenced by interactions between the large-scale surface topography of ice divides and the wind field of strong-wind events that are often associated with high-precipitation events. Local variations in the SMB are governed by the local surface topography, which is influenced by the bedrock topography. In the eastern part of DML, the accumulation rate in the second half of the 20th century is found to be higher by similar to 15% than averages over longer periods of 722 a or 7.9 ka before AD 2008. A similar increasing trend has been reported for many inland plateau sites in Antarctica with the exception of several sites on the leeward side of the ice divides.
|
|
| 10. |
- Popat, S, et al.
(författare)
-
Genome screening of coeliac disease
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Journal of Medical Genetics. - : BMJ. - 0022-2593 .- 1468-6244. ; 39:5, s. 328-331
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
- Olds, T, et al.
(författare)
-
Evidence that the prevalence of childhood overweight is plateauing: data from nine countries.
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Int Journal of pediatric obesity. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1747-7166 .- 1747-7174. ; 6:5-6, s. 342-60
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Until quite recently, there has been a widespread belief in the popular media and scientific literature that the prevalence of childhood obesity is rapidly increasing. However, high quality evidence has emerged from several countries suggesting that the rise in the prevalence has slowed appreciably, or even plateaued. This review brings together such data from nine countries (Australia, China, England, France, Netherlands, New Zealand, Sweden, Switzerland and USA), with data from 467,294 children aged 2-19 years. The mean unweighted rate of change in prevalence of overweight and obesity was +0.00 (0.49)% per year across all age ×sex groups and all countries between 1995 and 2008. For overweight alone, the figure was +0.01 (0.56)%, and for obesity alone -0.01 (0.24)%. Rates of change differed by sex, age, socioeconomic status and ethnicity. While the prevalence of overweight and obesity appears to be stabilizing at different levels in different countries, it remains high, and a significant public health issue. Possible reasons for the apparent flattening are hypothesised.
|
|
| 13. |
- Popat, S, et al.
(författare)
-
Genome screening of coeliac disease.
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Journal of Medical Genetics. - 0022-2593 .- 1468-6244. ; 39, s. 328-331
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 14. |
- Sand, K. K., et al.
(författare)
-
Biomineralization : long-term effectiveness of polysaccharides on the growth and dissolution of calcite
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Crystal Growth & Design. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1528-7483 .- 1528-7505. ; 14:11, s. 5486-5494
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our results demonstrate that in addition to being used for controlling morphology during calcite growth, polysaccharide (PS) that has been designed for biomineralization is also extremely robust, influencing calcite reactions even after millions of years. We investigated calcite (CaCO3) behavior in solutions with very small concentrations of PS that was produced similar to 70 Ma ago by coccolithophorids. We used atomic force microscopy (AFM) and the constant composition method to monitor calcite growth in the presence of this ancient PS. The ancient PS is still very active and has a high affinity for calcite step edges. Adsorption, even at extremely low concentrations (0.5 mu g/mL), results in decreased growth rate and dramatic morphology changes during growth and dissolution. The experimental results are complemented with surface complexation modeling for adsorption of components of polysaccharide from a modern coccolithophorid, Emiliania huxleyi. We generated surface complexation constants for the branch components: malonate: 14.25 +/- 0.17, succinate: 11.91 +/- 0.06, tricarballylate: 14.86 +/- 0.04, and citrate: 15.25 +/- 0.04. The implication is that complex PS could hold promise for smart material engineering and for preventing scaling.
|
|
| 15. |
- Sjöberg, Karin, et al.
(författare)
-
Multi-decadal surface ozone trends at globally distributed remote locations.
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Elementa. - : University of California Press. - 2325-1026. ; 8:23
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Extracting globally representative trend information from lower tropospheric ozone observations is extremely difficult due to the highly variable distribution and interannual variability of ozone, and the ongoing shift of ozone precursor emissions from high latitudes to low latitudes. Here we report surface ozone trends at 27 globally distributed remote locations (20 in the Northern Hemisphere, 7 in the Southern Hemisphere), focusing on continuous time series that extend from the present back to at least 1995. While these sites are only representative of less than 25% of the global surface area, this analysis provides a range of regional long-term ozone trends for the evaluation of global chemistry-climate models. Trends are based on monthly mean ozone anomalies, and all sites have at least 20 years of data, which improves the likelihood that a robust trend value is due to changes in ozone precursor emissions and/or forced climate change rather than naturally occurring climate variability. Since 1995, the Northern Hemisphere sites are nearly evenly split between positive and negative ozone trends, while 5 of 7 Southern Hemisphere sites have positive trends. Positive trends are in the range of 0.5–2 ppbv decade–1, with ozone increasing at Mauna Loa by roughly 50% since the late 1950s. Two high elevation Alpine sites, discussed by previous assessments, exhibit decreasing ozone trends in contrast to the positive trend observed by IAGOS commercial aircraft in the European lower free-troposphere. The Alpine sites frequently sample polluted European boundary layer air, especially in summer, and can only be representative of lower free tropospheric ozone if the data are carefully filtered to avoid boundary layer air. The highly variable ozone trends at these 27 surface sites are not necessarily indicative of free tropospheric trends, which have been overwhelmingly positive since the mid-1990s, as shown by recent studies of ozonesonde and aircraft observations.
|
|
| 16. |
- Yan J, Naeslund C, Al-Madhoun A.S, Wang J, Ji W, Cosquer G.Y, Johnsamuel J, Sjöberg S, Eriksson S, Tjarks W
(författare)
-
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 3'-Carboranyl Thymidine Analogues
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Biorg Med Chem Lett. ; :12, s. 2209-2212
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
- Cole, S. G., et al.
(författare)
-
Arctic games : An analytical framework for identifying options for sustainable natural resource governance
- 2016
-
Ingår i: The Polar Journal. - : Taylor and Francis Ltd.. - 2154-896X .- 2154-8978. ; 6:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Changes in the Arctic are fuelled by a variety of drivers, including global warming, economic growth, improved access to natural resources, technological advances and globalisation processes. Further, the region is characterised by a diverse set of international agreements, national legislations and common pool resources. This presents challenges for actors to suggest, evaluate and agree on sustainable development alternatives. We propose an analytical framework to better understand (1) the types of trade-offs associated with Arctic futures and (2) actors’ incentives for strategic behaviour. In the framework, game theory illuminates incentives and strategies among actors, cost-benefit analysis and economic valuation of ecosystem services help identify socially desirable outcomes and institutional analysis provides insight on how governance structures can support or interfere with policy intervention. We apply the proposed framework by analysing possible oil development futures for Lofoten in Northern Norway. For example, institutional analysis and estimates of costs and benefits of reducing oil spill risk and their distribution among actors are used for discussing incentive structures, including the use of side payments as a mechanism to mitigate conflicting interests.
|
|
| 19. |
- Cosquer, Guirec Y., Wang J., Naeslund C., Adams D.M., Ji W., Zhuo J-C., Anisuzzaman A.K.M.,Sjöberg S., Barth R.F., Eriksson S., Tjarks W.
(författare)
-
Synthesis and biological evaluation of carboranyl thymidines for BNTC
- 2001
-
Ingår i: 221st MEDI-151. - : Abstr Pap Am Chem Soc. ; , s. 151-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
|
|
| 20. |
- Ekholm, S, et al.
(författare)
-
Tolerance and efficacy of Omniscan (gadodiamide injection) in MR imaging of the central nervous system
- 1996
-
Ingår i: Acta Radiologica. - 1600-0455. ; 37:2, s. 223-228
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: This Swedish multicenter trial was performed on patients with known or suspected lesions of the CNS for which an MR examination using a contrast medium was indicated. A total of 8 MR centers participated in the study to establish the safety and efficacy of Omniscan (gadodiamide injection) in clinical routine using a standard dose of 0.1 mmol Gd/kg b.w. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seven hundred adult patients who had been referred for MR investigation of suspected CNS lesions were included in the study. Since most patients were examined on an outpatient basis, it was decided to use an explicit questionnaire regarding adverse events that developed within 24 h after examination. The efficacy evaluation involved comparisons of detectability, delineation, and number of lesions before and after injection of Omniscan. RESULTS: No serious or unexpected adverse event was found. There were a total of 70 (10.2%) patients with adverse events, excluding those judged not to be contrast media-related. However, only 15 patients (2.2%) had adverse events that possibly or probably were related to the contrast medium. Usually, the symptoms were headache, dizziness, abnormal taste, and nausea. Two patients complained of itching, but only one developed urticaria. The efficacy was similar to that of other currently used Gd-based MR agents. Lesions were more often seen on T2-weighted images, but the contrast medium improved lesion delineation, contributing to higher certainty in diagnosis, and provided more confidence in excluding suspected abnormality. CONCLUSION: Omniscan was found to be a safe and clinically valuable contrast medium for MR imaging of the CNS.
|
|
| 21. |
|
|
| 22. |
- Hober, Sophia, Professor, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
-
Systematic evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 antigens enables a highly specific and sensitive multiplex serological COVID-19 assay
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Clinical & Translational Immunology. - : Wiley. - 2050-0068. ; 10:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. The COVID-19 pandemic poses an immense need for accurate, sensitive and high-throughput clinical tests, and serological assays are needed for both overarching epidemiological studies and evaluating vaccines. Here, we present the development and validation of a high-throughput multiplex bead-based serological assay. Methods. More than 100 representations of SARS-CoV-2 proteins were included for initial evaluation, including antigens produced in bacterial and mammalian hosts as well as synthetic peptides. The five best-performing antigens, three representing the spike glycoprotein and two representing the nucleocapsid protein, were further evaluated for detection of IgG antibodies in samples from 331 COVID-19 patients and convalescents, and in 2090 negative controls sampled before 2020. Results. Three antigens were finally selected, represented by a soluble trimeric form and the S1-domain of the spike glycoprotein as well as by the C-terminal domain of the nucleocapsid. The sensitivity for these three antigens individually was found to be 99.7%, 99.1% and 99.7%, and the specificity was found to be 98.1%, 98.7% and 95.7%. The best assay performance was although achieved when utilising two antigens in combination, enabling a sensitivity of up to 99.7% combined with a specificity of 100%. Requiring any two of the three antigens resulted in a sensitivity of 99.7% and a specificity of 99.4%. Conclusion. These observations demonstrate that a serological test based on a combination of several SARS-CoV-2 antigens enables a highly specific and sensitive multiplex serological COVID-19 assay.
|
|
| 23. |
- Jendle, Johan, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
-
Switching to insulin degludec is a cost-saving therapy for patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in the Swedish setting based on real world data
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Value in Health. - : Elsevier. - 1098-3015 .- 1524-4733. ; 22:Suppl. 3, s. 575-576
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objectives: The Europe-based, prospective, observational ReFLeCT study recently showed that switching to the ultralong-acting basal insulin analogue degludec (IDeg) was associated with improved glycemic control and reductions in hypoglycemic events versus previous basal insulin therapies in patients with type 1 (T1D) or type 2 diabetes (T2D). The present analysis aimed to assess the impact of thesefindings on long-term cost-effectiveness outcomes in the Swedish setting.Methods: Cost-effectiveness was evaluated separately in patients with T1D and T2D over a 50-year time horizon using the IQVIA CORE Diabetes Model (version 9.0). Patients were assumed to receive IDeg or continue previous insulin therapy (with or without bolus insulin) for 5 years, before all patients intensified to insulin degludec plus bolus insulin for the remainder of their lifetimes. Baseline cohort characteristics were sourced from ReFLeCT where possible. Treatment effects on initiation of IDeg were based on data from ReFLeCT. Costs were estimated from a Swedish societal perspective and expressed in 2018 Swedish krona (SEK).Results: IDeg was associated with improvements in quality-adjusted life expectancy of 0.14 and 0.07 quality-adjusted life years versus continuation of previous insulin therapy in patients with T1D and T2D, respectively, resulting from improved glycemic control and fewer hypoglycemic events. Combined direct and indirect costs were estimated to be SEK 137,020 and SEK 2,009 lower for insulin degludec versus previous insulin therapy in patients with T1D and T2D, respectively, with higher treatment costs offset by cos tsavings from avoidance of diabetes-related complications. IDeg was therefore considered dominant versus continuation of previous insulin therapies for the treatment of both T1D and T2D.Conclusions: Based on real-world evidence, IDeg represents an effective and cost-saving treatment option versus other basal insulin therapies for patients with T1D and T2D in Sweden.
|
|
| 24. |
- Li, Y., et al.
(författare)
-
Hyperoxia affects the regional pulmonary ventilation/perfusion ratio : an electrical impedance tomography study
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576. ; 58:6, s. 716-725
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The way in which hyperoxia affects pulmonary ventilation and perfusion is not fully understood. We investigated how an increase in oxygen partial pressure in healthy young volunteers affects pulmonary ventilation and perfusion measured by thoracic electrical impedance tomography (EIT). Methods Twelve semi-supine healthy male volunteers aged 21-36 years were studied while breathing room air and air-oxygen mixtures (FiO2) that resulted in predetermined transcutaneous oxygen partial pressures (tcPO2) of 20, 40 and 60kPa. The magnitude of ventilation (Zv) and perfusion (ZQ)-related changes in cyclic impedance variations, were determined using an EIT prototype equipped with 32 electrodes around the thorax. Regional changes in ventral and dorsal right lung ventilation (V) and perfusion (Q) were estimated, and V/Q ratios calculated. Results There were no significant changes in Zv with increasing tcPO2 levels. ZQ in the dorsal lung increased with increasing tcPO2 (P=0.01), whereas no such change was seen in the ventral lung. There was a simultaneous decrease in V/Q ratio in the dorsal region during hyperoxia (P=0.04). Two subjects did not reach a tcPO2 of 60kPa despite breathing 100% oxygen. Conclusion These results indicate that breathing increased concentrations of oxygen induces pulmonary vasodilatation in the dorsal lung even at small increases in FiO2. Ventilation remains unchanged. Local mismatch of ventilation and perfusion occurs in young healthy men, and the change in ventilation/perfusion ratio can be determined non-invasively by EIT.
|
|
| 25. |
|
|
| 26. |
- Popat, S, et al.
(författare)
-
Variation in the CTLA4/CD28 gene region confers an increased risk of coeliac disease
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Annals of Human Genetics. - : Wiley. - 1469-1809 .- 0003-4800. ; 66:2, s. 125-137
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Susceptibility to coeliae disease involves HLA and non-HLA-linked genes. The CTLA4/CD28 gene region encodes immune regulatory T-cell surface molecules and is a strong candidate as a susceptibility locus. We evaluated CTLA4/CD28 in coeliac disease by genetic linkage and association and combined Our findings with published studies through a meta-analysis. 116 multiplex families were genotyped across CTLA4/CD28 using eight markers. The contribution of CTLA4/CD28 to coeliac disease was assessed by non-parametric linkage and association analyses. Seven studies were identified that had evaluated the relationship between CTLA4/CD28 and coeliac disease and a pooled analysis of data undertaken. In our study there was evidence for a relationship between variation in the CTLA4/CD28 region and coeliae disease by linkage and association analyses. However. the findings did not attain formal statistical significance (p=0.004 and 0.039. respectively). Pooling findings with published results showed significant evidence for linkage (504 families) and association (910 families) : p values. 0.0001 and 0.0014 at D2S2214. respectively. and 0.0008 and 0.0006 at D2S116, respectively. These findings suggest that variation in the CD28/CTLA4 gene region is a determinant of coeliac disease susceptibility. Dissecting the sequence variation underlying this relationship will depend on further analyses utilising denser sets of markers.
|
|
| 27. |
|
|
| 28. |
- Sjöberg, Lars E., et al.
(författare)
-
A numerical test of the topographic bias
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Geodetic Science. - : DE GRUYTER POLAND SP ZOO. - 2081-9919 .- 2081-9943. ; 8:1, s. 14-17
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 1962 A. Bjerhammar introduced the method of analytical continuation in physical geodesy, implying that surface gravity anomalies are downward continued into the topographic masses down to an internal sphere (the Bjerhammar sphere). The method also includes analytical upward continuation of the potential to the surface of the Earth to obtain the quasigeoid. One can show that also the common remove-compute-restore technique for geoid determination includes an analytical continuation as long as the complete density distribution of the topography is not known. The analytical continuation implies that the downward continued gravity anomaly and/or potential are/is in error by the so-called topographic bias, which was postulated by a simple formula of L E Sjoberg in 2007. Here we will numerically test the postulated formula by comparing it with the bias obtained by analytical downward continuation of the external potential of a homogeneous ellipsoid to an inner sphere. The result shows that the postulated formula holds: At the equator of the ellipsoid, where the external potential is downward continued 21 km, the computed and postulated topographic biases agree to less than a millimetre (when the potential is scaled to the unit of metre).
|
|
| 29. |
|
|
| 30. |
- Sjöberg, S., et al.
(författare)
-
Putative Biogenic Signature found in Extremely REE Enriched Black Substance, Ytterby Mine, Sweden
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Goldschmidt Abstracts.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Characterization of a black substance seeping from fractured bedrock in a subterranean tunnel revealed a manganese and calcium bearing substance highly enriched in rare earth elements (REE). This tunnel is dry and at shallow depth and was built to convert the former Ytterby mine, into a fuel deposit for the Swedish Armed Forces. To keep the tunnel dry, groundwater level is kept below its natural level which has resulted in oxidizing conditions in a previously dysoxic or anoxic environment. The deposition of the substance therefore occurs in a dark and moist environment which was exposed to changing redox conditions.Geochemical analysis show that the substance is enriched in REEs with concentrations one to two orders of magnitude higher than in the surrounding rocks. X-ray diffraction spectra indicate that the main component is birnessite. SEM revealed an internal lamination of these Mn-oxides implying an iterative change in production. Previous results show that REE occurrences in Ytterby are localized within pegmatites in the mine. It is thus suggested that Mn colloids, suspended in the local groundwater, work as metal traps and contribute to the mobility of the REEs. The black substance is suspected to act as a sink for these metals in the Ytterby mine area.The influence of microorganisms on the accumulation of Mn-oxides appears to be important. The occurrence of the C31 to C35 extended side chain hopanoids among the identified biomarkers provides evidence of bacterial presence in the depositional environment. The abiotic vs biotic origin of the precipitated manganese was investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. The substance is composed of two or more components, with one part having a biogenic signature. Ongoing investigations of the microbial communities and the REE accumulation processes include δ13C analysis of the extracted lipids, DNA deep sequencing, quantitative PCR and sequential leaching
|
|
| 31. |
|
|
| 32. |
|
|
| 33. |
|
|
| 34. |
- Abele, S, et al.
(författare)
-
Reactive surfactants in heterophase polymerization. 10. Characterization of the surface activity of new polymerizable surfactants derived from maleic anhydride
- 1997
-
Ingår i: Langmuir. - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 13, s. 176-181
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Characterization of the surface activity of previously obtained polymerizable dialkyl maleates is performed to find out the relation between the structure of surfactants and their performances. The given polymerizable surfactants were synthesized for using in the emulsion polymerization. Three groups of dialkyl maleates-nonionic, cationic and zwitterionic-with different chain lengths of hydrophobic alkyl groups are investigated. Critical micelle concentration (cmc) values are determined for water soluble surfactants. It is found that cmc decreases with increasing chain length of the hydrophobic alkyl group. For nonionic and cationic surfactants interfacial tension at the interface between water and dodecane is measured. Droplet size in oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions is determined for all given surfactants. Cationic and zwitterionic dialkyl maleates with the longest investigated alkyl chain (R=C16H33, C17H35) provide good stability of O/W emulsions. In order to compare the obtained results, measurements with well-known surfactants-nonionic nonylphenol-poly(ethylene oxide) (NPEO10) and cationic hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB)-are performed.
|
|
| 35. |
- Albani, M, et al.
(författare)
-
Concepts for polarising sheets & “dual-gridded” reflectors for circular polarisation
- 2011
-
Ingår i: 2010 Conference Proceedings ICECom, 20th International Conference on Applied Electromagnetics and Communications. - 9789536037582 - 9781612849980 ; , s. 1-4
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- C-, Ku- and Ka-band communications and broadcast satellites use so-called dual-gridded reflector antennas for linear polarisation to provide independent reflector surfaces and/or independent feeds for the two orthogonal polarisations. This paper describes initial work to extend this concept to circular polarisation. First we set up preliminary specifications and identify several antenna concepts based upon planar transmission sheet polarisers. Next we identify a number of polarisers of which the most promising is the meander-line, the L+C strip-grids and the parallel-plate polariser. Finally we review the conclusions of the analyses and preliminary designs of the sheet polarisers - on the antenna level as part of a reflector antenna system, on the polariser level, and on the sheet level inside the polariser.
|
|
| 36. |
|
|
| 37. |
- Albertsson-Wikland, Kerstin, 1947, et al.
(författare)
-
Swedish references for weight, weight-for-height and body mass index: The GrowUp 1990 Gothenburg study
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 110, s. 537-548
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim To update the Swedish references for weight, weight-for-height and body mass index (BMI) considering the secular trend for height but not including that for weight. Methods Longitudinal measures of height and weight were obtained (0-18 years) from 1418 (698 girls) healthy children from the GrowUp 1990 Gothenburg cohort born at term to non-smoking mothers and Nordic parents. A total of 145 individuals with extreme BMI value vs GrowUp 1974 BMI SDS reference were excluded (0-2 years: +/- 4SDS, 2 < years: -3SDS, +2.3SDS). References were constructed using the LMS method. Results The updated weight reference became similar to the GrowUp 1974 Gothenburg reference: BMI increased rapidly up to lower levels in the 1990 cohort during infancy/early childhood, similar in both groups in late childhood/adolescence, despite lower values at +2SDS. Compared with the WHO weight standard, median and -2SDS weight values were higher for the 1990 cohort, whereas +2SDS values were lower, resulting in narrower normal range. Median values were greater and +/- 2SDS narrower for the 1990 vs the WHO weight-for-height reference. International Obesity Task force (IOTF) BMI lines for definitions for over- and underweight were added. Conclusion We present updated references for weight, weight-for-height and BMI, providing a healthy goal for weight development when monitoring growth within healthcare settings.
|
|
| 38. |
- Andgren, S, et al.
(författare)
-
Time delay between symptom and surgery in patients with carotid artery stenosis.
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1600-0404 .- 0001-6314. ; 124, s. 329-333
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Andgren S, Sjöberg L, Norrving B, Lindgren A. Time delay between symptom and surgery in patients with carotid artery stenosis. Acta Neurol Scand: DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2010.01478.x. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Objectives - Many severe strokes are preceded by warning signs such as a transient ischemic attack or stroke with minor deficits. Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) of a symptomatic carotid artery stenosis can prevent future strokes, but should be performed within 2 weeks after the initial symptom to maximize the benefit. The aim of this study was to determine the time delays between symptom and CEA. Methods- We performed a single center observational retrospective study at a tertiary stroke center. A total of 142 carotids in 139 patients with symptomatic stenoses between 2002 and 2006 were included. The main outcome measure was time between qualifying cerebrovascular symptom and CEA. Results - The median time between symptom and CEA was 26 days. The longest delays were between the last diagnostic examination and carotid conference, and between carotid conference and surgery. The median time was shorter for those who received emergency medical care (median 21 days) and for those who were admitted immediately to hospital (median 20 days). Conclusions - The time between symptom and surgery is often longer than desirable. There are several measures to improve the chain of procedures for patients with carotid artery stenosis. These may include omitting the formal carotid conference for uncomplicated cases and minimizing waiting time for surgery.
|
|
| 39. |
|
|
| 40. |
|
|
| 41. |
- Babula, Oksana, et al.
(författare)
-
Altered distribution of mannose-binding lectin alleles at exon I codon 54 in women with vulvar vestibulitis syndrome
- 2004
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. - St Louis : Mosby. - 0002-9378 .- 1097-6868. ; 191:3, s. 762-766
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is active in the innate immune defense against microorganisms. In this study, we determined whether vulvar vestibulitis syndrome, a disorder of unknown etiology, was associated with an altered distribution of MBL alleles.Study design: Buccal swabs were obtained from women with vulvar vestibulitis syndrome in New York (62) and from 2 cities in Sweden (60), as well as control women in New York (48) and Sweden (51). DNA was tested for a single nucleotide polymorphism at codon 54 in exon I by polymerase chain reaction, endonuclease digestion, and gel electrophoresis. Blood samples were also obtained from the New York women and tested by ELISA for plasma MBL concentrations. The relationships between genotype, allele frequencies, blood MBL levels, and diagnosis were analyzed by Fisher exact test and one-way analysis of variance.Results: The variant MBL allele, MBL*B, was detected in 35.5% and 26.7% of vulvar vestibulitis patients from New York and Sweden, respectively. Only 12.5% of New York controls (P = .007) and 9.8% of Swedish controls (P = .01) were MBL*2-positive. All women, with one exception, who were positive for MBL*B were MBL*A/MBL*B heterozygotes. Women who carried MBL*B had almost a 10-fold reduction in median plasma MBL concentrations (278 ng/mL), as opposed to women who were MBL*A homozygotes (1980 ng/mL) (P < .0001).Conclusion: MBL*B carriage and reduced plasma MBL levels are more common in women with vulvar vestibulitis syndrome than in control patients, and may contribute to symptomatology in a subset of patients.
|
|
| 42. |
- Backlund, S, et al.
(författare)
-
Partial phase behavior of ionic microemulsions stabilized by sodium dodecylsulfate and alcohol cosurfactants
- 1992
-
Ingår i: Progress in Colloid and Polymer Science. - 0340-255X .- 1437-8027. ; 88, s. 36-41
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ionic microemulsions, stabilized by sodium dodecylsulfate and alcohol cosurfactants, have been characterized with respect to phase behavior, particularly the composition of the different phases in Winsor type I, II and III systems. The system containing brine, octane, sodium dodecylsulfate and 1-butanol shows a regular phase behavior, in conformity with the anticipated behavior, i.e., 2-3-2 phases. The phase transitions with increasing 1-butanol concentration are analogous to those occurring with increasing salinity, when compared with previous investigations. For the system containing brine, cyclohexane, sodium dodecylsulfate and benzyl alcohol, the behavior becomes more complex, even at low surfactant contents. The transitions are 2-3-2-3-2 phases over a wide composition range. The compositions of the phases at equilibrium are discussed in relation to structural considerations, as determined by conductivity and NMR self-diffusion measurements.
|
|
| 43. |
- Bartek, Jiri, Jr, et al.
(författare)
-
Neurokirurgin alltjämt kärnan i behandlingen av hjärntumörer : [Neurosurgery still pivotal in the diagnostics and treatment of brain tumor patients]
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - : Läkartidningen Förlag AB. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 120
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Behandling av hjärntumörer görs i samverkan mellan flera medicinska discipliner: neurokirurgi, onkologi, neurologi, neuropatologi, neuroradiologi och rehabiliteringsmedicin.Symtom som talar för förhöjt intrakraniellt tryck, såsom kraftig huvudvärk, illamående, kräkningar och papillödem, bör leda till snabb utredning och kontakt med neurokirurg. Förbättrad preoperativ kartläggning av tumören samt angränsande anatomiska och funktionella hjärnområden tillsammans med avancerad mikrokirurgisk teknik, intraoperativ monitorering och visualisering samt nya minimalinvasiva tekniker gör operationer säkrare, och det är i dag möjligt att utföra ingrepp som tidigare ansågs omöjliga eller alltför riskabla.
|
|
| 44. |
|
|
| 45. |
- Bjurling-Sjöberg, Petronella, et al.
(författare)
-
Intensive care nurses' conceptions of a critical pathway in caring for aortic-surgery patients : A phenomenographic study
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Intensive & Critical Care Nursing. - : Elsevier BV. - 0964-3397 .- 1532-4036. ; 29:3, s. 166-173
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to identify and describe intensive care nurses' different conceptions of a critical pathway in caring for patients that have undergone aortic-surgery. Individual semi-structured interviews with eight specialist registered nurses at a Swedish intensive care unit were conducted and phenomenographically analysed. Three descriptive categories, with a total of five sub-categories, constituted the outcome-space of how the pathway was conceived of in caring: as a guide open to individual patients needs (clinical judgement governs caring and patient autonomy governs caring), as an instrument to promote patient safety (a source of knowledge, a planning tool and a reference standard) and as a source of support for professional confidence. In accordance with current literature, the nurses in the present study identified a number of advantages in applying the pathway in caring even if they were also conscious that the use of a pathway can give rise to unreflective standardisation. The nurses' conceptions indicate that the pathway prescribed for managing patients who have undergone aortic surgery is supportive and facilitates patient safety without jeopardising respect for the patient's individual care needs. This insight may be used to influence a thoughtful dialogue about the practice of pathways in intensive care.
|
|
| 46. |
- Björkblom, Benny, et al.
(författare)
-
Distinct metabolic hallmarks of WHO classified adult glioma subtypes
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Neuro-Oncology. - : Oxford University Press. - 1522-8517 .- 1523-5866. ; 24:9, s. 1454-1468
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Gliomas are complex tumors with several genetic aberrations and diverse metabolic programs contributing to their aggressive phenotypes and poor prognoses. This study defines key metabolic features that can be used to differentiate between glioma subtypes, with potential for improved diagnostics and subtype targeted therapy.METHODS: Cross-platform global metabolomic profiling coupled with clinical, genetic, and pathological analysis of glioma tissue from 224 tumors - oligodendroglioma (n=31), astrocytoma (n=31) and glioblastoma (n=162) - were performed. Identified metabolic phenotypes were evaluated in accordance with the WHO classification, IDH-mutation, 1p/19q-codeletion, WHO-grading 2-4, and MGMT promoter methylation.RESULTS: Distinct metabolic phenotypes separate all six analyzed glioma subtypes. IDH-mutated subtypes, expressing 2-hydroxyglutaric acid, were clearly distinguished from IDH-wildtype subtypes. Considerable metabolic heterogeneity outside of the mutated IDH pathway were also evident, with key metabolites being high expression of glycerophosphates, inositols, monosaccharides and sugar alcohols and low levels of sphingosine and lysoglycerophospholipids in IDH-mutants. Among the IDH-mutated subtypes, we observed high levels of amino acids, especially glycine and 2-aminoadipic acid, in grade 4 glioma, and N-acetyl aspartic acid in low-grade astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma. Both IDH-wildtype and mutated oligodendroglioma and glioblastoma were characterized by high levels of acylcarnitines, likely driven by rapid cell growth and hypoxic features. We found elevated levels of 5-HIAA in gliosarcoma and a subtype of oligodendroglioma not yet defined as a specific entity, indicating a previously not described role for the serotonin pathway linked to glioma with bimorphic tissue.CONCLUSION: Key metabolic differences exist across adult glioma subtypes.
|
|
| 47. |
|
|
| 48. |
|
|
| 49. |
|
|
| 50. |
|
|
