| 1. |
- Sjöblom, A., et al.
(författare)
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Pre-oxygenation using high-flow nasal oxygen vs. tight facemask during rapid sequence induction
- 2021
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Ingår i: Anaesthesia. - : WILEY. - 0003-2409 .- 1365-2044. ; 76:9, s. 1176-1183
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pre-oxygenation using high-flow nasal oxygen can decrease the risk of desaturation during rapid sequence induction in patients undergoing emergency surgery. Previous studies were single-centre and often in limited settings. This randomised, international, multicentre trial compared high-flow nasal oxygen with standard facemask pre-oxygenation for rapid sequence induction in emergency surgery at all hours of the day and night. A total of 350 adult patients from six centres in Sweden and one in Switzerland undergoing emergency surgery where rapid sequence induction was required were included and randomly allocated to pre-oxygenation with 100% oxygen using high-flow nasal oxygen or a standard tight-fitting facemask. The primary outcome was the number of patients developing oxygen saturations <93% from the start of pre-oxygenation until 1 min after tracheal intubation. Data from 349 of 350 patients who entered the study were analysed (174 in the high-flow nasal oxygen group and 175 in the facemask group). No difference was detected in the number of patients desaturating <93%, five (2.9%) vs. six (3.4%) patients in the high-flow nasal oxygen and facemask group, respectively (p = 0.77). The risk of desaturation was not increased during on-call hours. No difference was seen in end-tidal carbon dioxide levels in the first breath after tracheal intubation or in the number of patients with signs of regurgitation between groups. These results confirm that high-flow nasal oxygen maintains adequate oxygen levels during pre-oxygenation for rapid sequence induction.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Kenny, Diarmuid T., et al.
(författare)
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Mass spectrometric analysis of O-linked oligosaccharides from various recombinant expression systems
- 2013
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Ingår i: Methods in Molecular Biology. - Totowa, NJ : Humana Press. - 1064-3745 .- 1940-6029. ; 988, s. 145-167, s. 145-167
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Analysis of O-linked glycosylation is one of the main challenges during structural validation of recombinant glycoproteins. With methods available for N-linked glycosylation in regard to oligosaccharide analysis as well as glycopeptide mapping, there are still challenges for O-linked glycan analysis. Here, we present mass spectrometric methodology for O-linked oligosaccharides released by reductive β-elimination. Using LC-MS and LC-MS2 with graphitized carbon columns, oligosaccharides are analyzed without derivatization. This approach provides a high-throughput method for screening during clonal selection, as well as product structure verification, without impairing sequencing ability. The protocols are exempli fied by analysis of glycoproteins from mammalian cell cultures (CHO cells) as well as insect cells and yeast. The data shows that the method can be successfully applied to both neutral and acidic O-linked oligosaccharides, where sialic acid, hexuronic acid, and sulfate are common substituents. Further characterization of O -glycans can be achieved using permethylation. Permethylation of O-linked oligosaccharides followed by direct infusion into the mass spectrometer provide information about oligosaccharide composition, and subsequent MS n experiments can be carried out to elucidate oligosaccharide structure including linkage information and sequence.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- McCloy, John S., et al.
(författare)
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Reproduction of melting behavior for vitrified hillforts based on amphibolite, granite, and basalt lithologies
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- European Bronze and Iron Age vitrified hillforts have been known since the 1700s, but archaeological interpretations regarding their function and use are still debated. We carried out a series of experiments to constrain conditions that led to the vitrification of the inner wall rocks in the hillfort at Broborg, Sweden. Potential source rocks were collected locally and heat treated in the laboratory, varying maximum temperature, cooling rate, and starting particle size. Crystalline and amorphous phases were quantified using X-ray diffraction both in situ, during heating and cooling, and ex situ, after heating and quenching. Textures, phases, and glass compositions obtained were compared with those for rock samples from the vitrified part of the wall, as well as with equilibrium crystallization calculations. ‘Dark glass’ and its associated minerals formed from amphibolite or dolerite rocks melted at 1000–1200 °C under reducing atmosphere then slow cooled. ‘Clear glass’ formed from non-equilibrium partial melting of feldspar in granitoid rocks. This study aids archaeological forensic investigation of vitrified hillforts and interpretation of source rock material by mapping mineralogical changes and glass production under various heating conditions.
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| 8. |
- Nava-Farias, Lorena, et al.
(författare)
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Applying laboratory methods for durability assessment of vitrified material to archaeological samples
- 2021
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Ingår i: npj Materials Degradation. - : Springer Nature. - 2397-2106. ; 5:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Laboratory testing used to assess the long-term chemical durability of nuclear waste forms may not be applicable to disposal because the accelerated conditions may not represent disposal conditions. To address this, we examine the corrosion of vitrified archeological materials excavated from the near surface of a ~1500-year old Iron Age Swedish hillfort, Broborg, as an analog for the disposal of vitrified nuclear waste. We compare characterized site samples with corrosion characteristics generated by standard laboratory durability test methods including the product consistency test (PCT), the vapor hydration test (VHT), and the EPA Method 1313 test. Results show that the surficial layer of the Broborg samples resulting from VHT displays some similarities to the morphology of the surficial layer formed over longer timescales in the environment. This work provides improved understanding of long-term glass corrosion behavior in terms of the thickness, morphology, and chemistry of the surficial features that are formed.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Singh, A K, et al.
(författare)
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CFTR and its key role in in vivo resting and luminal acid-induced duodenal HCO3-secretion
- 2008
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Ingår i: Acta Physiologica. - : Wiley. - 1748-1708 .- 1748-1716. ; 193:4, s. 357-365
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims: We investigated the role of the recently discovered, villous-expressed anion exchanger Slc26a6 (PAT1) and the predominantly crypt-expressed cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) in basal and acid-stimulated murine duodenal HCO3− secretion in vivo, and the influence of blood HCO3− concentration on both.Methods: The proximal duodenum of anaesthetized mice was perfused in situ, and HCO3− secretion was determined by back-titration. Duodenal mucosal permeability was assessed by determining 51Cr-EDTA leakage from blood to lumen.Results: Compared with wild type (WT) littermates basal duodenal HCO3− secretory rates were slightly reduced in Slc26-deficient mice at low (∼21 mm), and markedly reduced at high blood HCO3− concentration (∼29 mm). In contrast, basal HCO3− secretion was markedly reduced in CFTR-deficient mice compared with WT littermates both at high and low blood HCO3− concentration. A short-term application of luminal acid increased duodenal HCO3− secretory rate in Slc26a6-deficient and WT mice to the same degree, but had no stimulatory effect in the absence of CFTR. Luminal acidification to pH 2.5 did not alter duodenal permeability.Conclusions: The involvement of Slc26a6 in basal HCO3− secretion in murine duodenum in vivo is critically dependent on the systemic acid/base status, and this transporter is not involved in acid-stimulated HCO3− secretion. The presence of CFTR is essential for basal and acid-induced HCO3− secretion irrespective of acid/base status. This suggests a coupled action of Slc26a6 with CFTR for murine basal duodenal HCO3− secretion, but not acid-stimulated secretion, in vivo.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Weaver, Jamie L., et al.
(författare)
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Pre‐Viking Swedish Hillfort Glass : A Prospective Long‐Term Alteration Analogue for Vitrified Nuclear Waste
- 2018
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Ingår i: The International Journal of Applied Glass Science (IJAGS). - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2041-1294 .- 2041-1286. ; 9:4, s. 540-554
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Models for long‐term glass alteration are required to satisfy performance predictions of vitrified nuclear waste in various disposal scenarios. Durability parameters are usually extracted from short‐term laboratory tests, and sometimes checked with long‐term natural experiments on glasses, termed analogues. In this paper, a unique potential ancient glass analogue from Sweden is discussed. The hillfort glass found at Broborg represents a unique case study as a vitrified waste glass analogue to compare to Low Activity Waste glass to be emplaced in near surface conditions at Hanford (Washington State). Glasses at Broborg have similar and dissimilar compositions to LAW glass, allowing the testing of long‐term alteration of different glass chemistries. Additionally, the environmental history of the site is reasonably well documented. Initial investigations on previously collected samples established methodologies for handling and characterizing these artifacts by laboratory methods while preserving their alteration layers and cultural context. Evidence of possible biologically influenced glass alteration, and differential alteration in the two types of glass found at the Broborg site is presented.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Bertilson, B, et al.
(författare)
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Inter-examiner reliability in the assessment of low back pain (LBP) using the Kirkaldy-Willis classification (KWC)
- 2006
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Ingår i: European spine journal. - 0940-6719 .- 1432-0932. ; 15:11, s. 1695-1703
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reliable classification systems and clinical tests are sought for the care of patients with low back pain (LBP). The objectives of this clinical study were to evaluate inter-examiner reliability in the classification of patients with LBP, the influence of radiological findings on the classification and the reliability of some clinical tests. Two examiners independently assessed 50 outpatients with LBP. Inter-examiner reliability in classification of patients with LBP using Kirkkaldy-Willis classification (KWC) system and in 30 clinical tests was calculated as percentage agreement and kappa coefficients (?). Inter-examiner reliability was excellent (?>0.8) for classification according to KWC. Radiological findings did not influence the reliability. Age of the patient, movement range, and pain and neurological signs seemed to guide the decision on classification. The reliability of clinical tests was good (?>0.6) in 6 tests and moderate (?>0.4) in 12 tests. Good inter-examiner reliability was found for the SLR test, movement range and sensibility testing with spurs in dermatome areas. We conclude that the KWC for classifying patients with LBP seems to be a reliable classification system depending on a few key observations and that moderate and good inter-examiner reliability can be achieved in several clinical tests in the assessment of LBP.
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| 15. |
- Carlbring, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Treat your social anxiety disorder with this gamified smartphone app
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a common debilitating mental illness with large negative effects on quality of life and economic productivity. Modern psychotherapy treatments utilizing cognitive–behavioral theory are increasingly delivered over the Internet and more recently using smartphone applications. The Challenger App written natively for the Apple iPhone was developed at the Stockholm University Department of Psychology for the treatment of SAD and uses a number of advanced features not previously seen in past mental health applications; these include real-time location awareness, notifications, anonymous social interaction between users, a high-degree of personalization and use of gamification techniques.Method: A total of 209 participants with a primary diagnosis of SAD were randomized to one of three groups: 1) Self-help book, 2) Self-help book + the Challenger app, or 3) waitlist. The treatment period lasted 6 weeks. Primary outcome measure was Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale self- report (LSAS-SR). Also included where the Quality of Life Inventory, Patient Health Questionnaire, and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7). Outcome was analyzed according to the intention to treat principle.Results: Both treatment groups were superior to the waitlist. On the main outcome measure (LSAS-SR) the effect size for the waitlist was Cohens d=0.14. The group that received the self-help book with the addition of the Challenger app was significantly superior (d=1.0) to just reading the self- help book (d=0.61). Participants requited by way of Newspaper advertisement were more likely to reach high end-state functioning (OR=4.1) and the same was true for participants without prior psychological treatment history as compared with having a previous experience (OR=4.4).Conclusion: Adding the smartphone app is a cost effective way of improving the outcome when treating SAD with a self-help book.
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| 16. |
- Chotteau, Veronique, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Development of a fed-batch process for the production of a recombinant protein X in CHO-GS system : Case study from the cell to reactor process ready for pilot scale cultivation
- 2010
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Ingår i: Cells and Culture. - Dordrecht : Springer Science+Business Media B.V.. - 9789048134182 ; , s. 723-725
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A new cell line was created using CHO-GS system. The most promising clones were adapted to different base cultivation media leading to the selection of one medium. The fed-batch process development was performed in spinner, shake flask and bioreactor scale. It included the selection of a feed medium, the choice of the feed strategy and the optimisation of the glucose feeding. The process was then simplified by using a single feed including the feed medium and the glucose feed. Finally up-scaling parameters like aeration and CO2 stripping were studied in 3 L and 15 L bioreactors in preparation for pilot scale operation. This process proved to be robust, reproducible and suitable for large and commercial scale operation.
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| 17. |
- Dahlgren, David, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of absorption-modifying excipients, hypotonicity, and enteric neural activity in an in vivo model for small intestinal transport.
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Pharmaceutics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-5173 .- 1873-3476. ; 549:1-2, s. 239-248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The small intestine mucosal barrier is physiologically regulated by the luminal conditions, where intestinal factors, such as diet and luminal tonicity, can affect mucosal permeability. The intestinal barrier may also be affected by absorption-modifying excipients (AME) in oral drug delivery systems. Currently, there is a gap in the understanding of how AMEs interact with the physiological regulation of intestinal electrolyte transport and fluid flux, and epithelial permeability. Therefore, the objective of this single-pass perfusion study in rat was to investigate the effect of three AMEs on the intestinal mucosal permeability at different luminal tonicities (100, 170, and 290 mOsm). The effect was also evaluated following luminal administration of a nicotinic receptor antagonist, mecamylamine, and after intravenous administration of a COX-2 inhibitor, parecoxib, both of which affect the enteric neural activity involved in physiological regulation of intestinal functions. The effect was evaluated by changes in intestinal lumen-to-blood transport of six model compounds, and blood-to-lumen clearance of 51Cr-EDTA (a mucosal barrier marker). Luminal hypotonicity alone increased the intestinal epithelial transport of 51Cr-EDTA. This effect was potentiated by two AMEs (SDS and caprate) and by parecoxib, while it was reduced by mecamylamine. Consequently, the impact of enteric neural activity and luminal conditions may affect nonclinical determinations of intestinal permeability. In vivo predictions based on animal intestinal perfusion models can be improved by considering these effects. The in vivo relevance can be increased by treating rats with a COX-2 inhibitor prior to surgery. This decreases the risk of surgery-induced ileus, which may affect the physiological regulation of mucosal permeability.
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| 18. |
- Dahlgren, David, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of drug permeability calculation based on luminal disappearance and plasma appearance in the rat single-pass intestinal perfusion model
- 2019
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Ingår i: European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0939-6411 .- 1873-3441. ; 142, s. 31-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The rat single-pass intestinal perfusion (SPIP) model is commonly used to investigate gastrointestinal physiology and membrane drug transport. The SPIP model can be used with the intestinal segment inside or outside the abdomen. The rats can also be treated with parecoxib, a selective cycloxygenase-2 inhibitor that has been shown to affect some intestinal functions following abdominal surgery, such as motility, epithelial permeability, fluid flux and ion transport. However, the impact of extra-abdominal placement of the intestinal segment in combination with parecoxib on intestinal drug transport has not been investigated. There is also uncertainty how well intestinal permeability determinations based on luminal drug disappearance and plasma appearance correlate in the rat SPIP model. The main objective of this rat in vivo study was to investigate the effect of intra- vs. extra abdominal SPIP, with and without, pretreatment with parecoxib. The effect was evaluated by determining the difference in blood-to-lumen Cr-51-EDTA clearance, lumen-to-blood permeability of a cassette-dose of four model compounds (atenolol, enalaprilat, ketoprofen, and metoprolol), and water flux. The second objective was to compare the jejunal permeability values of the model drugs when determined based on luminal disappearance or plasma appearance. The study showed that the placement of the perfused jejunal segment, or the treatment with parecoxib, had minimal effects on membrane permeability and water flux. It was also shown that intestinal permeability of low permeability compounds should be determined on the basis of data from plasma appearance rather than lumina] disappearance. If permeability is calculated on the basis of luminal disappearance, it should preferably include negative values to increase the accuracy in the determinations.
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| 19. |
- Dahlgren, David, et al.
(författare)
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The effects of three absorption-modifying critical excipients on the in vivo intestinal absorption of six model compounds in rats and dogs.
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Pharmaceutics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-5173 .- 1873-3476. ; 547:1-2, s. 158-168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pharmaceutical excipients that may affect gastrointestinal (GI) drug absorption are called critical pharmaceutical excipients, or absorption-modifying excipients (AMEs) if they act by altering the integrity of the intestinal epithelial cell membrane. Some of these excipients increase intestinal permeability, and subsequently the absorption and bioavailability of the drug. This could have implications for both the assessment of bioequivalence and the efficacy of the absorption-enhancing drug delivery system. The absorption-enhancing effects of AMEs with different mechanisms (chitosan, sodium caprate, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)) have previously been evaluated in the rat single-pass intestinal perfusion (SPIP) model. However, it remains unclear whether these SPIP data are predictive in a more in vivo like model. The same excipients were in this study evaluated in rat and dog intraintestinal bolus models. SDS and chitosan did exert an absorption-enhancing effect in both bolus models, but the effect was substantially lower than those observed in the rat SPIP model. This illustrates the complexity of the AME effects, and indicates that additional GI physiological factors need to be considered in their evaluation. We therefore recommend that AME evaluations obtained in transit-independent, preclinical permeability models (e.g. Ussing, SPIP) should be verified in animal models better able to predict in vivo relevant GI effects, at multiple excipient concentrations.
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| 20. |
- Dahlgren, David, et al.
(författare)
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Time-dependent effects on small intestinal transport by absorption-modifying excipients
- 2018
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Ingår i: European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0939-6411 .- 1873-3441. ; 132, s. 19-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relevance of the rat single-pass intestinal perfusion model for investigating in vivo time-dependent effects of absorption-modifying excipients (AMEs) is not fully established. Therefore, the dynamic effect and recovery of the intestinal mucosa was evaluated based on the lumen-to-blood flux (Jabs) of six model compounds, and the blood-to-lumen clearance of 51Cr-EDTA (CLCr), during and after 15- and 60-min mucosal exposure of the AMEs, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and chitosan, in separate experiments. The contribution of enteric neurons on the effect of SDS and chitosan was also evaluated by luminal coadministration of the nicotinic receptor antagonist, mecamylamine. The increases in Jabs and CLCr (maximum and total) during the perfusion experiments were dependent on exposure time (15 and 60 min), and the concentration of SDS, but not chitosan. The increases in Jabs and CLCr following the 15-min intestinal exposure of both SDS and chitosan were greater than those reported from an in vivo rat intraintestinal bolus model. However, the effect in the bolus model could be predicted from the increase of Jabs at the end of the 15-min exposure period, where a six-fold increase in Jabs was required for a corresponding effect in the in vivo bolus model. This illustrates that a rapid and robust effect of the AME is crucial to increase the in vivo intestinal absorption rate before the yet unabsorbed drug in lumen has been transported distally in the intestine. Further, the recovery of the intestinal mucosa was complete following 15-min exposures of SDS and chitosan, but it only recovered 50% after the 60-min intestinal exposures. Our study also showed that the luminal exposure of AMEs affected the absorptive model drug transport more than the excretion of 51Cr-EDTA, as Jabs for the drugs was more sensitive than CLCr at detecting dynamic mucosal AME effects, such as response rate and recovery. Finally, there appears to be no nicotinergic neural contribution to the absorption-enhancing effect of SDS and chitosan, as luminal administration of 0.1 mM mecamylamine had no effect.
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| 21. |
- Delin, Lovisa, et al.
(författare)
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Challenger - A mobile phone application for treatment of social phobia : A randomized controlled trial of a self-help treatment in book form with or without the addition of mobile phone application
- 2015
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Ingår i: Abstracts from the 7th Swedish Congress on internet interventions (SWEsrii). - Linköping : Linköping University Press. ; , s. 23-23
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Social phobia is one of the most common anxiety disorders. The diagnosis results in great suffering for the individual but also large social costs. This randomized, controlled study (N = 209) aimed to evaluate the relative impact of a self-help treatment in book form, with or without the addition of a mobile phone application for people with social phobia. Results demonstrated a statistically significant greater improvement between the two active treatment groups and the waiting list. A medium-sized effect size on the primary outcome measure Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale self report was found only between the waiting list and the group treated with the addition of mobile application. Statistically significant differences were not found between the two active treatment groups. The results of this study strengthen previous research which has shown that bibliotherapy is effective for social phobia. Since the research on the efficiency of mobile phone applications for treatment of social phobia are limited, this study contributes to necessary knowledge in the field.
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| 22. |
- Ekholm, P., et al.
(författare)
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A quartz crystal microbalance study of the adsorption of asphaltenes and resins onto a hydrophilic surface
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9797 .- 1095-7103. ; 247:2, s. 342-350
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The adsorption of extracted and purified samples of asphaltenes and resins onto gold surfaces has been studied as a function of bulk concentration using a quarts crystal microbalance with dissipation measurements (QCM-D). With this device, which works equally well in transparent, opaque, and nontransparent samples, the adsorbed amount is measured through a change in resonant frequency of the quartz oscillator. The measured change in dissipation reports on changes in layer viscoelasticity and slip of the solvent at the surface. The results show that the adsorbed amount for resins from heptane corresponds to a rigidly attached monolayer. The adsorbed amount decreases with increasing amount of toluene in the solvent and is virtually zero in pure toluene. Asphaltenes, on the other hand, adsorb in large quantities and the mass and dissipation data demonstrate the presence of aggregates on the surface. The aggregates are firmly attached and cannot be removed by addition of resins. On the other hand, resins and asphaltenes associate in bulk liquid and the adsorption from mixtures containing both resins and asphaltenes is markedly different from that obtained from the pure components. Hence, we conclude that preformed resin aggregates adsorb to the surface. These results are compared and discussed in relation to adsorption from crude oil diluted in heptane/toluene mixtures.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Godenhjelm, Sebastian, et al.
(författare)
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Projectification in the public sector – the case of the European Union
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Managing Projects in Business. - 1753-8378 .- 1753-8386. ; 8:2, s. 324-348
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to establish an understanding of what projectification means, how projectification is driven forward, as well as what the consequences of projectification are in an European Union (EU) context, and in the public sector in general.Design/methodology/approachThe research methods consist of a literature review as well as a meta-analysis of key EU policy documents related to the functioning of regional development and projects. The paper shows that structural developments brought forth by a projectification in a public sector context have significant consequences.FindingsWithout contextually sensitive interlinking mechanisms between temporary and permanent structures projects risk losing their flexible and innovative qualities, and may fragment the ability of permanent organisations for maintaining coordination and continuity. The findings suggests that the proximity of permanent organisations, the discretion of entrepreneurship, the political priority of the task, the inclusion of competencies and interests, and the quality of transfer mechanisms are essential variables in explaining the outcome of temporary organisations in a politico-administrative context.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper contributes to the literature on projects in a public sector context and suggests that comparative research on the drivers and consequences of public sector projectification in supranational as well as national contexts is needed.Practical implicationsThe increasing requirements for applied project management skills and methods as criteria for project selection in the public sector highlight the importance of a broader theoretical and practical understanding of projectification.Originality/valueThe paper adds a new dimension to the projectification debate by presenting a descriptive and conceptual discussion about the consequences of public sector projectification in an EU context. It complements an existing theory of the temporary organisation and takes the first steps towards a theory applicable to projectification in a public context.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Huldén, M, et al.
(författare)
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Adsorption in latex paints in relation to some of the properties of the mill base and the final coating
- 1994
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Ingår i: JCT. - 0361-8773. ; 66:836, s. 99-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The rheological properties, gloss, hiding power and water absorption of some model latex paints were analysed in terms of the adsorption of surfactants, dispersing agent and thickener onto the latex and pigment particles. Special attention was paid to the order of addition of poly(acrylic acid) and ethyl(hydroxyethyl)cellulose, because this has an effect on the adsorption of the polymers onto the TiO2 pigment. The order of addition also affects the rheological properties of the mill base dispersion and the gloss of the paint. The gloss was also affected by the surfactant used to stabilise the latex. Higher gloss was obtained using a nonionic surfactant than with an anionic surfactant.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Kullenberg, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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The progression of doxorubicin-induced intestinal mucositis in rats
- 2023
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Ingår i: Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology. - : Springer Nature. - 0028-1298 .- 1432-1912. ; 396, s. 247-260
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis is a severe side effect contributing to reduced quality of life and premature death in cancer patients. Despite a high incidence, a thorough mechanistic understanding of its pathophysiology and effective supportive therapies are lacking. The main objective of this rat study was to determine how 10 mg/kg doxorubicin, a common chemotherapeutic, affected jejunal function and morphology over time (6, 24, 72, or 168 h). The secondary objective was to determine if the type of dosing administration (intraperitoneal or intravenous) affected the severity of mucositis or plasma exposure of the doxorubicin. Morphology, proliferation and apoptosis, and jejunal permeability of mannitol were examined using histology, immunohistochemistry, and single-pass intestinal perfusion, respectively. Villus height was reduced by 40% after 72 h, preceded at 24 h by a 75% decrease in proliferation and a sixfold increase in apoptosis. Villus height recovered completely after 168 h. Mucosal permeability of mannitol decreased after 6, 24, and 168 h. There were no differences in intestinal injury or plasma exposure after intraperitoneal or intravenous doxorubicin dosing. This study provides an insight into the progression of chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis and associated cellular mucosal processes. Knowledge from this in vivo rat model can facilitate development of preventive and supportive therapies for cancer patients.
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| 29. |
- Matthews, Bethany E., et al.
(författare)
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Micro- and Nanoscale Surface Analysis of Late Iron Age Glass from Broborg, a Vitrified Swedish Hillfort
- 2023
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Ingår i: Microscopy and Microanalysis. - : Oxford University Press. - 1431-9276 .- 1435-8115. ; 29:1, s. 50-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Archaeological glasses with prolonged exposure to biogeochemical processes in the environment can be used to understand glass alteration, which is important for the safe disposal of vitrified nuclear waste. Samples of mafic and felsic glasses with different chemistries, formed from melting amphibolitic and granitoid rocks, were obtained from Broborg, a Swedish Iron Age hillfort. Glasses were excavated from the top of the hillfort wall and from the wall interior. A detailed microscopic, spectroscopic, and diffraction study of surficial textures and chemistries were conducted on these glasses. Felsic glass chemistry was uniform, with a smooth surface showing limited chemical alteration (<150 nm), irrespective of the position in the wall. Mafic glass was heterogeneous, with pyroxene, spinel, feldspar, and quartz crystals in the glassy matrix. Mafic glass surfaces in contact with topsoil were rougher than those within the wall and had carbon-rich material consistent with microbial colonization. Limited evidence for chemical or physical alteration of mafic glass was found; the thin melt film that coated all exposed surfaces remained intact, despite exposure to hydraulically unsaturated conditions, topsoil, and associated microbiome for over 1,500 years. This supports the assumption that aluminosilicate nuclear waste glasses will have a high chemical durability in near-surface disposal facilities.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Plymale, Andrew E., et al.
(författare)
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Niche Partitioning of Microbial Communities at an Ancient Vitrified Hillfort : Implications for Vitrified Radioactive Waste Disposal
- 2021
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Ingår i: Geomicrobiology Journal. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0149-0451 .- 1521-0529. ; 38:1, s. 36-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Because microbes cannot be eliminated from radioactive waste disposal facilities, the consequences of bio-colonization must be understood. At a pre-Viking era vitrified hillfort, Broborg, Sweden, anthropogenic glass has been subjected to bio-colonization for over 1,500 years. Broborg is used as a habitat analogue for disposed radioactive waste glass to inform how microbial processes might influence long-term glass durability. Electron microscopy and DNA sequencing of surficial material from the Broborg vitrified wall, adjacent soil, and general topsoil show that the ancient glass supports a niche microbial community of bacteria, fungi, and protists potentially involved in glass alteration. Communities associated with the vitrified wall are distinct and less diverse than soil communities. The vitrified niche of the wall and adjacent soil are dominated by lichens, lichen-associated microbes, and other epilithic, endolithic, and epigeic organisms. These organisms exhibit potential bio-corrosive properties, including silicate dissolution, extraction of essential elements, and secretion of geochemically reactive organic acids, that could be detrimental to glass durability. However, long-term biofilms can also possess a homeostatic function that could limit glass alteration. This study documents potential impacts that microbial colonization and niche partitioning can have on glass alteration, and subsequent release of radionuclides from a disposal facility for vitrified radioactive waste.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Sjöblom-Hallén, A, et al.
(författare)
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An ATF/CRE element mediates both EBNA2-dependent and EBNA2-independent activation of the Epstein-Barr virus LMP1 gene promoter.
- 1998
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Ingår i: Journal of virology. - 0022-538X. ; 72:2, s. 1365-76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) is a viral oncogene whose expression is regulated by both viral and cellular factors. EBV nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA2) is a potent transactivator of LMP1 expression in human B cells, and several EBNA2 response elements have been identified in the promoter regulatory sequence (LRS). We have previously shown that an activating transcription factor/cyclic AMP response element (ATF/CRE) site in LRS is involved in EBNA2 responsiveness. We now establish the importance of the ATF/CRE element by mutational analysis and show that both EBNA2-dependent activation and EBNA2-independent activation of the promoter occur via this site but are mediated by separate sets of factors. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) with specific antibodies showed that the ATF-1, CREB-1, ATF-2 and c-Jun factors bind to the site as ATF-1/CREB-1 and ATF-2/c-Jun heterodimers whereas the Sp1 and Sp3 factors bind to an adjacent Sp site. Overexpression of ATF-1 and CREB-1 in the cells by expression vectors demonstrated that homodimeric as well as heterodimeric forms of the factors transactivate the LMP1 promoter in an EBNA2-independent manner. The homodimers of ATF-2 and c-Jun did not significantly stimulate promoter activity. In contrast, the ATF-2/c-Jun heterodimer had only a minor stimulatory effect in the absence of EBNA2 but induced a strong transactivation of the LMP1 promoter when coexpressed with this protein. Evidence for a direct interaction between the ATF-2/c-Jun heterodimeric complex and EBNA2 was obtained by EMSA and coimmunoprecipitation experiments. Thus, our results suggest that EBNA2-induced transactivation via the ATF/CRE site occurs through a direct contact between EBNA2 and an ATF-2/c-Jun heterodimer. EBNA2-independent promoter activation via this site, on the other hand, is mediated by a heterodimeric complex between the ATF-1 and CREB-1 factors.
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| 37. |
- Sjöblom-Hallén, A, et al.
(författare)
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Gene expression profiling identifies STAT3 as a novel pathway for immunomodulation by cholera toxin adjuvant.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Mucosal immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1935-3456 .- 1933-0219. ; 3:4, s. 374-386
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Earlier studies have reported on both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory activities of cholera toxin (CT). As CT is a powerful adjuvant, we were interested in identifying genes with a possible involvement in these functions. A global gene expression analysis in mouse B cells showed that CT regulated <100 annotated genes, which encoded transcription factors, G proteins, cell-cycle regulators, and immunoregulating molecules. Interestingly, CT regulated the expression of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 gene and influenced the level and activation of both isoforms STAT3alpha and STAT3beta, in vitro in a B-cell line and in Peyer's patch (PP) B cells and in vivo in freshly isolated splenic B cells from CT-treated mice. This effect was cAMP dependent and was not seen with CTB. B cells pre-exposed to CT were significantly more susceptible to the activation of STAT3 by interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10. This exerted a stronger inhibitory effect of IL-10 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated B-cell proliferation and cytokine production (IL-6). Moreover, IgG1 and IgA production induced by LPS and IL-10 were enhanced by the addition of CT to cultures of PP or splenic B cells. This is the first study to provide a molecular mechanism that can reconcile previous findings of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects by CT adjuvant.Mucosal Immunology advance online publication 7 April 2010. doi:10.1038/mi.2010.16.
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| 38. |
- Sjöblom, K, et al.
(författare)
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Patient evaluation of a new injection pen for growth hormone treatment in children and adults.
- 1995
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Ingår i: Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). Supplement. - : Wiley. - 0803-5326 .- 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 411, s. 63-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to evaluate patients' perception and acceptance of a new multi-dose injection device (Genotropin Pen) for recombinant growth hormone (GH) supplied in a two-chamber cartridge. The pen is combined with a very thin needle (B-D Microfine + (29 G) and meets future demands when dosing of GH will be changed from International Units (IU) to milligrams (mg). A total of 39 children receiving GH treatment (East Hospital, Gothenburg and St Bartholomew's Hospital, London), aged between 7 and 17 years, and 39 GH-treated adults (Sahlgrenska Hospital, Gothenburg and Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm), aged between 20 and 68 years, participated in the study. The daily dose ranged from 0.3 mg to 2.6 mg. The injections were given subcutaneously, once daily, and most of the patients used the thigh as an injection site. After a trial period of 2 weeks, injection technique, pain, fear of injection and convenience of the Genotropin Pen were compared with the experience with the prestudy device (Genotropin KabiPen 16, 16(8) or 36) by questionnaire. A total of 95% of the patients preferred the Genotropin Pen to the prestudy device for the following reasons: a greater certainty of correct dosing with the digital display; the possibility of correcting the set dose; the lock function of the injection button when injection is complete; more comfortable to hold due to the design and the plastic material; and reduced pain when injecting due to the thinner needles. Four patients (5%) preferred the prestudy device KabiPen as they considered this to be 'good enough'. Thus, the Genotropin Pen is a convenient injection device and most patients prefer it to the KabiPen.
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| 39. |
- Sjöblom, Rolf, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of the reason for the vitrification of a wall at a hillfort. The example of Broborg in Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Archaeological Science. - : Elsevier. - 2352-409X .- 2352-4103. ; 43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It was discovered around 250 years ago that some of the rock material in the walls of some hillforts had been subjected to such high temperature that it had vitrified. This prompted a debate as to the reason for it that is still going on today: did the vitrification come about as a result of hostile action, by accident, or for the purpose of constructing the fort? The present paper is based on the recognition that hillforts are different, and therefore should be evaluated individually. All identifiable factors of interest should be included, and especially those that might disprove any alternative. Thus, incentives, competence and petrographic aspects were evaluated for the hillfort named Broborg (dated to the Migration Period, in Sweden A.D. 400–550), and it is concluded that the vitrification here came about for the purpose of constructing the fort.
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| 40. |
- Sjöblom, Rolf, et al.
(författare)
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Stabilization of lead in incineration fly ash by ageing and carbonatation in contact with moisture and air
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Substainable Development and Planning. - 1743-7601 .- 1743-761X. ; 11:5, s. 683-693
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2016 WIT Press. Residues from incineration of waste vary considerably in quality not only depending on the composition of the waste and the incineration system, but also on the extent and duration of contact with moisture and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Lead has a rather varying abundance and an even more varying availability in ash as determined by leach tests. Fresh fly ash from Jönköping Energi AB has a relatively low content of lead in comparison with other similar ashes but a somewhat high leach rate in relation to the total amount. Thus, in determining the pertinent destinations for this ash, it is appropriate to assess the availability after prolonged contact with moisture and air. It was found that the leaching decreased by up to around three orders of magnitude after such conditioning, which will what take place in a landfill over time. The effect was confirmed by pilot tests. The paper also describes the ash chemistry and possible mechanisms for the stabilization. It is concluded that the stabilization can facilitate landfilling.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Sjöblom, Rolf, et al.
(författare)
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Vitrified Hillforts as Anthropogenic Analogues for Nuclear Waste Glasses – Project Planning and Initiation
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning. - 1743-7601 .- 1743-761X. ; 11:6, s. 897-906
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nuclear waste must be deposited in such a manner that it does not cause significant impact on theenvironment or human health. In some cases, the integrity of the repositories will need to sustain fortens to hundreds of thousands of years. In order to ensure such containment, nuclear waste is frequentlyconverted into a very durable glass. It is fundamentally difficult, however, to assure the validity ofsuch containment based on short-term tests alone. To date, some anthropogenic and natural volcanicglasses have been investigated for this purpose. However, glasses produced by ancient cultures for thepurpose of joining rocks in stonewalls have not yet been utilised in spite of the fact that they might offersignificant insight into the long-term durability of glasses in natural environments. Therefore, a projectis being initiated with the scope of obtaining samples and characterising their environment, as well asto investigate them using a suite of advanced materials characterisation techniques. It will be analysedhow the hillfort glasses may have been prepared, and to what extent they have altered under in-situconditions. The ultimate goals are to obtain a better understanding of the alteration behaviour of nuclearwaste glasses and its compositional dependence, and thus to improve and validate models for nuclearwaste glass corrosion. The paper deals with project planning and initiation, and also presents some earlyfindings on fusion of amphibolite and on the process for joining the granite stones in the hillfort walls.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Vicenzi, Edward P., et al.
(författare)
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Major to trace element imaging and analysis of iron age glasses using stage scanning in the analytical dual beam microscope (tandem)
- 2022
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Ingår i: Heritage Science. - : Springer. - 2050-7445. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dark and clear silicate glasses formed during an iron age vitrification event ≈ 1500 years ago at the Broborg hillfort near Uppsala, Sweden have been analyzed using a scanning electron microscope equipped with a micro-X-ray fluorescence (μXRF) spectrometer. Correlated µXRF and electron beam-induced energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) X-ray maps were collected via stage-scanning at constant velocity. This coupled procedure represents a new approach for the cultural heritage community to conduct analytical studies of archaeometric specimens composed of metal, ceramic, or mixed inorganic/organic materials, where major and trace element compositions are registered in space for areas up to the centimeter-length scale at micrometer-scale resolution. Overview images were used to select areas for EDS beam scan maps correlated with multispectral cathodoluminescence (CL) imaging and co-located quantitative EDS and μXRF point analysis. Fe, Ca, Mg, Ti, P, Mn, Zr, Zn, and Y are enriched in the dark glass, while Si, Al, K, Na, Ba, Sr, Rb, and Ga are enriched in the clear glass. Unmelted material is comprised predominately of quartz (SiO2) along with trace apatite (Ca5(PO4)3[Cl,OH]) and zircon (ZrSiO4). Multivariate statistical analysis was used to measure the area fractions of high variance components while lower variance components represented phase mixtures. Differences between calculated melt viscosities for the glass compositions are consistent with field and laboratory observations. Coupled large area EDS and μXRF imaging shows significant promise for informed selection of higher spatial resolution and higher sensitivity follow-up studies, e.g., those performed using synchrotron analysis.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Wood, Laura D, et al.
(författare)
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The genomic landscapes of human breast and colorectal cancers.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 318:5853, s. 1108-1113
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human cancer is caused by the accumulation of mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. To catalog the genetic changes that occur during tumorigenesis, we isolated DNA from 11 breast and 11 colorectal tumors and determined the sequences of the genes in the Reference Sequence database in these samples. Based on analysis of exons representing 20,857 transcripts from 18,191 genes, we conclude that the genomic landscapes of breast and colorectal cancers are composed of a handful of commonly mutated gene "mountains" and a much larger number of gene "hills" that are mutated at low frequency. We describe statistical and bioinformatic tools that may help identify mutations with a role in tumorigenesis. These results have implications for understanding the nature and heterogeneity of human cancers and for using personal genomics for tumor diagnosis and therapy.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
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