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1.	Ahlbeck Bergendahl, Ida, et al. (författare) Fisk- och skaldjursbestånd i hav och sötvatten 2016 : Resursöversikt 2016 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract I rapporten kan du ta del av bedömningen som görs av situationen för bestånd som regleras inom ramen för EU:s gemensamma fiskeripolitik (GFP). Bedömningarna baseras på det forskningssamarbete och den rådgivning som sker inom det Internationella Havsforskningsrådet (ICES).De bestånd som förvaltas nationellt baseras på de biologiska underlagen, och rådgivningen i huvudsak på den forskning och övervakning samt analys som bedrivs av Institutionen för akvatiska resurser vid Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU Aqua) samt yrkesfiskets rapportering.Rapporten omfattar 41 fiskarter uppdelade i olika bestånd, samt sju skal- och blötdjursarter.Nytt för årets upplaga är kapitlet om ekosystemtjänster. Avsnittet beskriver de fördelar människan får genom ekosystemen, till exempel hur fisk och skaldjur kommer till nytta för människan genom föda, rekreation och biologisk mångfald. Nytt för i år är också att rapportens diagram och figurer anpassats för läsare med defekt färgseende.Översikten är utarbetad av SLU Aqua på uppdrag av Havs- och vattenmyndigheten.
2.	Andersson, Andreas, et al. (författare) Air-sea gas transfer in high Arctic fjords 2017 Ingår i: Geophysical Research Letters. - 0094-8276 .- 1944-8007. ; 44:5, s. 2519-2526 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In Arctic fjords and high-latitude seas, strong surface cooling dominates during a large part of the year, generating water-side convection (w*w) and enhanced turbulence in the water. These regions are key areas for the global carbon cycle; thus, a correct description of their air-sea gas exchange is crucial. CO2-data were measured via the eddy covariance technique in marine Arctic conditions and reveal that water-side convection has a major impact on the gas transfer velocity. This is observed even at wind speeds as high as 9 m s-1, where convective motions are generally thought to be suppressed by wind-driven turbulence. The enhanced air-sea transfer of CO2 caused by water-side convection nearly doubled the CO2uptake, after scaled to open sea conditions the contribution from to the CO2 flux remained as high as 34%; this phenomenon is expected to be highly important for the total carbon uptake in marine Arctic areas.
3.	Andersson, Andreas, 1981-, et al. (författare) Enhanced air-sea exchange of CO2 over a high Arctic fjord during unstable very close to neutral conditions Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Eddy covariance measurements over a high Arctic fjord reveals higher turbulent levels than normally found from classical surface layer theory. When conditions become unstable close to neutral i.e. -0.15<z/L< 0 the exchange coefficient for sensible heat, CH, is significantly enhanced compared to traditional parameterizations. Inspection of co-spectra of vertical wind (w) and temperature (T), wT show how a high frequency peak starts to develop around f≈1 Hz as z/L>-0.15, simultaneously quadrant analysis displays how the contribution from downdrafts to the vertical flux of temperature and CO2 increases. These findings are the signature of the evolving UVCN (Unstable Very Close to Neutral) regime, previously shown to enhance the vertical fluxes of temperature and humidity. In this study we show that the additional small scale turbulence related to these conditions also has the potential to enhance the vertical flux of CO2. Different to the vertical flux of temperature and humidity wq, the enhancement are not solely explained by the different properties of the air from aloft. We suggest that a part of the observed increase in CO2 flux and gas transfer velocity of CO2 when z/L> -0.1, also is generated by the increased levels of , causing higher levels of water-side turbulence. In winter the Arctic marine boundary layer is characterized by unstable stratification and during the nearly two months of measurements presented here as much as 36% of all data where associated to conditions with z/L in the range -0.15<z/L< 0.
4.	Andersson, Andreas, et al. (författare) Enhanced Air–Sea Exchange of Heat and Carbon Dioxide Over a High Arctic Fjord During Unstable Very-Close-to-Neutral Conditions 2019 Ingår i: Boundary-layer Meteorology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0006-8314 .- 1573-1472. ; 170:3, s. 471-488 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Eddy-covariance measurements made in the marine atmospheric boundary layer above a high Arctic fjord (Adventfjorden, Svalbard) are analyzed. When conditions are unstable, but close to neutral −0.1 < z/L < 0, where z is the height, and L is the Obukhov length, the exchange coefficient for sensible heat CH is significantly enhanced compared with that expected from classical surface-layer theory. Cospectra of the vertical velocity component (w) and temperature (T) reveal that a high-frequency peak develops at f ≈ 1 Hz for z/L > − 0.15. A quadrant analysis reveals that the contribution from downdrafts to the vertical heat flux increases as conditions become close to neutral. These findings are the signature of the evolving unstable very-close-to-neutral (UVCN) regime previously shown to enhance the magnitude of sensible and latent heat fluxes in the marine surface layer over the Baltic Sea. Our data reveal the significance of the UVCN regime for the vertical flux of the carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration (C). The cospectrum of w and C clearly shows how the high-frequency peak grows in magnitude for z/L > − 0.15, while the high-frequency peak dominates for z/L > − 0.02. As found for the heat flux, the quadrant analysis of the CO2 flux shows a connection between the additional small-scale turbulence and downdrafts from above. In contrast to the vertical fluxes of sensible and latent heat, which are primarily enhanced by the very different properties of the air from aloft (colder and drier) during UVCN conditions, the increase in the air–sea transfer of CO2 is possibly a result of the additional small-scale turbulence causing an increase in the water-side turbulence. The data indicate an increase in the gas-transfer velocity for CO2 for z/L > − 0.15 but with a large scatter. During the nearly 2 months of continuous measurements (March–April 2013), as much as 36% of all data are associated with the stability range −0.15 < z/L < 0, suggesting that the UVCN regime is of significance in the wintertime Arctic for the air–sea transfer of heat and possibly also CO2.
5.	Conrady, Kristina, et al. (författare) Amplitude modulation of wind turbine sound in cold climates 2020 Ingår i: Applied Acoustics. - : Elsevier. - 0003-682X .- 1872-910X. ; 158 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Amplitude modulation is assumed to be a major annoyance factor of wind turbine sound. However, studies on the generation of amplitude modulation and the impact of atmospheric conditions on amplitude modulation are limited, especially in cold climates. Long-term acoustic and meteorological measurements in the vicinity of a wind farm in northern Sweden show a dependence of the occurrence of amplitude modulation on wind direction and atmospheric stability. The occurrence of amplitude modulation is highest for crosswinds from southwest, compared with the other wind directions. Moreover, the occurrence of amplitude modulation is clearly linked to atmospheric stability and highest for very stable conditions. The impact of atmospheric stability is supported by analyses of wind shear, the wind speed gradient close to the surface and the bulk Richardson number. Amplitude modulation is more likely during winter than during summer and more likely during night and early morning than during noon and early afternoon.
6.	Conrady, Kristina, et al. (författare) Impact of low-level wind maxima below hub height on wind turbine sound propagation 2020 Ingår i: Wind Energy. - : John Wiley and Sons Ltd. - 1095-4244 .- 1099-1824. ; 23:8, s. 1767-1775 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract An analysis of the effect of low-level wind maxima (LLWM) below hub height on sound propagating from wind turbines has been performed at a site in northern Sweden. The stably stratified boundary layer, which is typical for cold climates, commonly features LLWM. The simplified concept for the effects of refraction, based on the logarithmic wind profile or other approaches where the wind speed is continuously increasing with height, is often not applicable there. Long-term meteorological measurements in the vicinity of a wind farm were therefore used to identify LLWM. Sound measurements were conducted simultaneously to the meteorological measurements. LLWM below hub height decrease the sound level close to the surface downwind of the wind farm. This effect increases with increasing strength of the LLWM. The occurrence of LLWM as well as strength and height of the LLWM are dependent on the wind direction.
7.	Conrady, Kristina, et al. (författare) Impact of low-level wind maxima on wind turbine sound propagation Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
8.	Conrady, Kristina, et al. (författare) Selection criteria for filtering wind turbine sound measurements Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
9.	Glimelius, Bengt, et al. (författare) U-CAN : a prospective longitudinal collection of biomaterials and clinical information from adult cancer patients in Sweden. 2018 Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 57:2, s. 187-194 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: Progress in cancer biomarker discovery is dependent on access to high-quality biological materials and high-resolution clinical data from the same cases. To overcome current limitations, a systematic prospective longitudinal sampling of multidisciplinary clinical data, blood and tissue from cancer patients was therefore initiated in 2010 by Uppsala and Umeå Universities and involving their corresponding University Hospitals, which are referral centers for one third of the Swedish population.Material and Methods: Patients with cancer of selected types who are treated at one of the participating hospitals are eligible for inclusion. The healthcare-integrated sampling scheme encompasses clinical data, questionnaires, blood, fresh frozen and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimens, diagnostic slides and radiology bioimaging data.Results: In this ongoing effort, 12,265 patients with brain tumors, breast cancers, colorectal cancers, gynecological cancers, hematological malignancies, lung cancers, neuroendocrine tumors or prostate cancers have been included until the end of 2016. From the 6914 patients included during the first five years, 98% were sampled for blood at diagnosis, 83% had paraffin-embedded and 58% had fresh frozen tissues collected. For Uppsala County, 55% of all cancer patients were included in the cohort.Conclusions: Close collaboration between participating hospitals and universities enabled prospective, longitudinal biobanking of blood and tissues and collection of multidisciplinary clinical data from cancer patients in the U-CAN cohort. Here, we summarize the first five years of operations, present U-CAN as a highly valuable cohort that will contribute to enhanced cancer research and describe the procedures to access samples and data.
10.	Sjöblom, Anna, Professor, 1972-, et al. (författare) Flow over a snow-water-snow surface in the high Arctic, Svalbard : Turbulent fluxes and comparison of observation techniques 2020 Ingår i: Polar Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-9652 .- 1876-4428. ; 25 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract From observations in a High Arctic valley and ice-free fjord in Svalbard during March and April 2013 we show that, while some caution needs to be applied, ordinary slow-response instruments placed over a snow-water-snow surface can be effectively used as a proxy for more sophisticated measuring techniques at complex sites such as leads or a polynyas. The turbulent fluxes of momentum, sensible and latent heat were measured at three locations with a snow-water-snow fetch. At the snow site upwind of the water, the stability was generally stable, the momentum flux small, and the sensible heat flux positive. Over the water however, the internal boundary layer that was formed gave on average an increased vertical gradient in wind speed, temperature, and humidity and turbulent heat fluxes exceeding 400 W m−2. At the snow surface downwind of the water, the conditions were highly variable and all the fluxes were, on average, of very small magnitude. That the behaviour of the internal boundary layers can be highly variable is demonstrated through four case studies. This phenomenon is likely to increase in occurrence with a changing climate.
11.	Ahlbeck Bergendahl, Ida, et al. (författare) Fisk- och skaldjursbestånd i hav och sötvatten 2017 : resursöversikt 2018 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
12.	Andreas, Lale, et al. (författare) Chemical and hydraulic conditions in a landfill/deposit for wood-based ash 2004 Ingår i: The 3rd Intercontinental Landfill Research Symposium November 29th - December 2nd, 2004 in Toya, Hokkaido Japan. - Hokkaido : Center for Applied Ethics and Philosophy, Hokkaido University. ; , s. 121-129 Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
13.	Aspengren, Sara, 1977, et al. (författare) Rapport forskarenkät 2015 2015 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Resultatet av den användarenkät som gjordes av Universitetsbiblioteket bland Göteborgs universitets disputerade forskare och doktorander 2014.
14.	Ávila-Jiménez, M.L., et al. (författare) Overwintering of terrestrial Arctic arthropods; the case of the fauna of Svalbard now and in the future 2010 Ingår i: Polar Research. - 0800-0395 .- 1751-8369. ; , s. 127-137 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
15.	Bergman, Julia, 1983-, et al. (författare) A six marker panel for differential diagnostics of female cancers Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Aim: To present a new immunohistochemistry-based panel for clinical differential diagnostics of breast, ovarian, endometrial and cervical cancer. Background: Diagnostics of metastatic ER-positive tumors can present a clinical challenge. Breast and gynecological cancers are to a varying degree ER+, and can have similar growth patterns. The close proximity of the ovaries, endometrium and cervix also renders difficulties to distinguish between primary gynecological cancer in advanced stages. Material and Methods: As a discovery set for the selection of antibodies, tissue microarray (TMA) blocks containing 60 breast, 60 ovarian, 60 endometrial and 60 cervical tumor samples of predominantly metastatic sources were sectioned and immunohistochemically stained using 43 different primary antibodies, including both well accepted diagnostic markers and novel candidate markers. The results were analyzed for best possible differential diagnostic power to discriminate between these forms of female cancer. Results: By the implementation of a decision tree we were able to define a six-marker panel including antibodies detecting the WT1, ZAG, VIM, CK5, GATA3 and PAX8 proteins. This antibody panel enabled differentiation between breast, ovarian, endometrial and cervical cancer with an accuracy of 80%. The selected markers were then examined in a second cohort of 452 cancer samples comprising 60 breast, 48 ovary, 233 endometrium and 111 cervix patients. A decision tree classifier was used to evaluate the performance of various combinations of these markers in differential diagnosis of the female cancers. The results suggest that this panel could be used in a clinical setting to achieve a more accurate diagnosis and thus provide a basis for further prospective clinical studies.
16.	Bogren, Malin, 1970, et al. (författare) Facilitators of and barriers to providing high-quality midwifery education in South-East Asia—An integrative review 2022 Ingår i: Women and Birth. - : Elsevier BV. - 1871-5192 .- 1878-1799. ; 35:3 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: With a diversity in midwifery education across the South-East Asia region, and with the knowledge about the lifesaving competency of the midwife profession, this study's aim is to describe facilitators of and barriers to providing high-quality midwifery education in South-East Asia. Methods: Inspired by Whittemore and Knafl, we conducted a systematic integrative literature review including the five key stages of problem identification, literature search, data evaluation, data analysis, and presentation of results. The literature searches were conducted in October 2020 in the databases CINAHL, PubMed, and Scopus. A deductive data analysis based on global standards was performed. Results: The search identified 1257 articles, 34 of which were included. Countries in South-East Asia did not fully comply with the ICM global standards. Midwifery education was not separated from that of nursing, and educators lacked formal qualifications in midwifery. Curriculum implementation in the clinical area was a key barrier to achieving learning outcomes. Higher academic education for midwifery educators and mentorship programs facilitated the pedagogic and assessment process, focusing on the abilities of critical thinking, reflection, and decision-making. Conclusions: Countries in South-East Asia still have a long way to go before they can provide high-quality midwifery education. The identified facilitators can lead to a difference in students’ academic achievement and confidence in their clinical work. Coordinated actions will enable the progress in achieving competent midwives matching national health priorities. The findings highlight a need for more research on midwifery education in both theory and practice across the region. © 2021 The Author(s)
17.	Bolin, Karl, 1977-, et al. (författare) An investigation of the influence of the refractive shadow zone on wind turbine noise 2020 Ingår i: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. - : Acoustical Society of America. - 0001-4966 .- 1520-8524. ; 148:2, s. EL166-EL171 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This article aims to investigate if the proportion of the rotor area of a wind turbine that is in the refractive shadow zone according to a ray tracing algorithm coupled to meteorological forecast data is correlated to sound levels and amplitude modulation. The acoustic station is situated 950 m from a wind farm in Northern Sweden and the measurement period is seven months. On average, 1.9 dBA lower sound levels are measured when the part of the rotor disk of the closest turbine is in the refractive shadow zone. A higher probability of amplitude modulations are observed when around half of the turbine rotor is within the refractive shadow zone compared to conditions with no shadow zone present.
18.	Carlsson, Per, 1951-, et al. (författare) National Model for Transparent Vertical Prioritisation in Swedish Health Care 2007 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract The proposed national model described in this report has been developed by a working group comprised of staff from the National Board of Health and Welfare, the National Centre for Priority Setting in Health Care, and other organisations involved in vertical prioritisation – including the Östergötland County Council, Stockholm County Council, Västra Götaland, the Health Services Region of Southern Sweden, the Swedish Society of Medicine, the Swedish Society of Nursing, and the Swedish Association of Health Professionals. Throughout the process of designing the model, the Swedish Federation of Occupational Therapists and the Swedish Association of Registered Physiotherapists were regularly informed and given opportunities to review and comment on the proposal. Furthermore, the report was reviewed and discussed at a meeting with invited representatives from the other county councils, the Pharmaceutical Benefits Board, and several professional interest groups. Viewpoints were also obtained at a seminar arranged by PrioNet, a network of individuals interested in prioritisation.Potentially, the working model described in Chapter 4 could be used in any context where vertical prioritisation takes place, e.g. activities arranged by the state, county councils, municipalities, hospital departments, and professional groups.This report is designed to be a useful tool for those working on development projects in priority setting. We believe that the contents must be adapted, with the help of relevant examples and some simplifications; to fit the specific needs of different projects or groups. The text must also be adapted to a target group’s knowledge and previous experience in dealing with transparent priority setting. It must be the responsibility of each provider and other affected organisation to adapt the material to the given situation and project. The National Centre for Priority Setting in Health Care, the National Board of Health and Welfare, and others who have participated actively in this effort can be helpful to various target groups in adapting this report.When and how to engage in practically implementing vertical prioritisation are questions that need to be answered at the local level. Primarily, it is the duty of the local authorities/providers to take responsibility for implementation. Professional organisations also play an important role. Public agencies, universities, and knowledge centres should be sources of support for the local authorities/providers.The Riksdag’s resolution on prioritisation served as the foundation for developing the model.Where there are areas of uncertainty in how to translate these guidelines in practice, or where practical implementation might conflict with the principles, we have pointed this out.Our conclusions and proposals are the following:When facing a choice – regardless of whether it involves allocating new resources for different purposes, or to implement cutbacks – it can be advantageous to rank the possible choices in order of priority. In our model, only the relevant options can be ranked by priority. The consequences of this ranking are not obvious at the outset, but can serve as a basis either to allocate more resources or ration by some means.In vertical prioritisation, it is advantageous to organise the prioritization process starting from a general categorisation of health problems/disease groups. As a rule, these categories cover many organisational units/clinical departments, specialties, or professional groups, thus providing a more multidimensional view of the problem. Furthermore, this allows the process to start from a patient/population perspective, which appears to be more goal-oriented than an organisational/staff perspective.That which is ranked, i.e. one of the choices, we refer to as a prioritization object. We suggest that prioritisation objects consist of different combinations of health conditions and interventions.1 When deciding on the appropriate level of detail, the decision must be based on the context in which prioritisation is carried out. A starting point would be to focus on typical cases, large-volumes services, and controversial care.All forms of vertical prioritisation should be based on the ethical principles that the Riksdag decided should apply in prioritising health services. However, these ethical principles must be made known, clarified, and perhaps complemented before they can be applied to practical priority setting. Furthermore, we believe that the Riksdag’s four so-called priority groups should not be part of the model.The human dignity principle, i.e. that all people should have equal value and equal rights to care irrespective of their personal characteristics and function in society, is the undisputed cornerstone in priority setting. When personal characteristics such as age, gender, lifestyle, or function of a group are expressions of the presence of special needs, so that benefits of the interventions are different, these personal characteristics could be addressed in a priority at the group level. Further discussion is needed regarding the question of how external effects (i.e. the effects of an intervention on families and groups other than the individual directly affected by the intervention) should be valued in priority setting.The concept of need in health care includes both the severity level of the condition and the expected benefits of intervention. As a patient, one needs only those interventions that can be expected to yield benefits. Based on this definition of need, a person does not need an intervention that does not improve health and quality of life, i.e. an intervention with no benefit. In such cases, health services have a responsibility to refer people who seek care for some type of problem, to other appropriate services.The Riksdag’s guidelines regarding the cost-effectiveness principle (applied to individual patients) are too limited to provide guidance for vertical prioritisation at the group level. From the outset, the Government’s bill (Priority Setting in Health Care) highlighted the importance of differentiating a cost-effectiveness principle that applied to choices among various interventions for the individual patient (where the principle can be applied as the Commission of Inquiry proposed) and the aim of health services to achieve high cost-effectiveness in health care generally. Here we also refer to the Riksdag’s directive to the Pharmaceutical Benefits Board. In its decisions on subsidising (prioritising) a drug, the Board should determine, e.g. whether the drug is cost effective from a societal perspective, which requires comparing the patient benefits of the drug to its cost. In such decisions, the cost effectiveness should be considered along with the needs and solidarity principle and the human dignity principle.The proposed working model essentially concurs with the working model used by the National Board of Health and Welfare in developing national guidelines. In describing a national working model, it is not possible to include every aspect that might be considered. Hence, one must start from the model and decide which other relevant aspects should be included. For instance, the International Classification on Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) can be used as guidance to describe the severity of health conditions.Due to the wealth of variety in outcome measures for different activities, and the limited experience in working with explicit threshold values, we believe would be premature to recommend standardised categories, e.g. risk levels. However, it is important that those working with prioritization describe their reasoning. Primarily, the categories applied by the Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care (SBU) to grade the scientific evidence of an intervention’s effects should be used. Local prioritisation projects with limited resources at their disposal should describe (text) their appraisal of the scientific evidence and reference the scientific sources used. The strength of evidence should be expressed in numbers only when supporting a conclusion of a systematic review by SBU, or other literature reviews of good quality.Prioritisation projects having access to health economic evaluation should, until further notice, adhere to the approach used by the National Board of Health and Welfare and present cost-effectiveness on a scale from low to very high cost per life-year gained or cost per quality-adjusted life-year. Economic evidence should be presented according to the principles applied by the National Board of Health and Welfare. In local projects with limited resources, or problems in consistently acquiring information on cost effectiveness, we recommend that the authors at least discuss cost effectiveness in cases where the priority ranking would be decisively affected when costs are weighed in.A 10-level ranking list should be used. The ranking list should be complemented by a “don’t do” list for methods that should not be used at all, or not used routinely, and a research and development (R&D) list for methods where the evidence still insufficient to motivate their use in standard practice. In the absence of an objective quantitative/mathematical method, a qualitative method should be used in the appraisal. Here too, we believe that it is not yet possible to establish standard criteria to determine within which ranking level a prioritisation object should fall.Results should be presented as a ranking list. The parameters used as a basis for prioritisation should also be presented in a uniform manner in ranking lists that are shared with other parties. For pedagogic reasons, details concerning language and format need to be adapted to the respective target groups.Thresholds for what constitutes an acceptable coverage of need (care quality, volume, and percentage of the patient group with access to services) a
19.	Carlsson, Per, 1951-, et al. (författare) Nationell modell för öppna vertikala prioriteringar inom svensk hälso- och sjukvård 2007 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract En arbetsgrupp med personer från Socialstyrelsen och PrioriteringsCentrum, andra organisationer som arbetat med vertikala prioriteringar såsom Landstinget i Östergötland, Stockholms läns landsting, Västra Götaland, Södra sjukvårdsregionen, Svenska Läkaresällskapet, Svensk sjuksköterskeförening och Vårdförbundet har tagit fram detta förslag. Förslaget har fortlöpande förankrats hos Förbundet Sveriges Arbetsterapeuter och Legitimerade Sjukgymnasters Riksförbund som kunnat lämna synpunkter på utformningen av odellen.Dessutom har rapporten varit föremål för granskning och diskussion vid ett möte med inbjudna representanter från övriga landsting, Läkemedelsförmånsnämnden och flera yrkesorganisationer. Synpunkter har också inkommit från ett seminarium som arrangerades av PrioNet, ett nätverk av personer med intresse för prioriteringar.Den arbetsmodell som beskrivs i kapitel 4 ska kunna användas i alla sammanhang där vertikala prioriteringar sker såsom aktiviteter som arrangeras av staten, landsting, kommuner, kliniker, professionella grupper eller motsvarande.Rapporten är skriven på ett sådant sätt att den ska kunna användas i första hand som ett stöd till dem som bedriver utvecklingsarbete rörande prioriteringar. Vi tror att innehållet måste anpassas till olika verksamheter eller personalgruppers specifika behov med hjälp av kompletterande exempel och vissa förenklingar. Texten måste givetvis också anpassas till de kunskaper och tidigare erfarenheter som den aktuella målgruppen har när det gäller arbete med öppna prioriteringar. Sådana situations- och verksamhetsanpassade versioner måste det åligga varje sjukvårdshuvudman och andra berörda organisationer att utarbeta. PrioriteringsCentrum, Socialstyrelsen och andra parter som deltagit aktivt i detta arbete kan givetvis vara behjälpliga i arbetet med att bearbeta denna rapport för olika målgrupper.Frågan om när och hur arbetet med vertikala prioriteringar ska bedrivas i praktiken kan också endast besvaras lokalt. Det är i första hand ett nsvar för huvudmännen att ta ansvar för implementeringen. Professionella organisationer har också en viktig roll. Myndigheter, universitet och kunskapscentra ska vara ett stöd till huvudmännen.Utgångspunkten i modellutvecklingen är Riksdagens beslut om prioriteringar. När det finns oklarheter om hur dessa riktlinjer ska omsättas i praktiken eller att praktiken kan förefalla i konflikt med principerna har vi påpekat detta.När man står inför ett val - oavsett om det handlar om att fördela nya resurser till olika ändamål eller att genomföra besparingar - kan det vara en fördel att kunna rangordna tänkbara valmöjligheter i enprioriteringsordning. I vår modell innebär prioritering enbart att de relevanta alternativen rangordnas. Konsekvenserna av denna rangordning är inte på förhand given utan kan ligga till grund såväl för tillskott av resurser som för ransonering av något slag.Vid en vertikal prioritering är det en fördel att organisera prioriteringsarbetet så att det utgår från en grov uppdelning i hälsoproblem/sjukdomsgrupper. En sådan uppdelning innebär i regel att flera organisationsenheter/kliniker, specialiteter eller yrkesgrupper berörs och man får en mer allsidig belysning av problemet. Dessutom utgår man från ett patient/befolkningsperspektiv vilket förefaller mer ändamålsenligt än ett organisatoriskt/personalperspektiv.Det som rangordnas och som någon väljer mellan benämner vi prioriteringsobjekt. Vi föreslår att prioriteringsobjektet utgörs av olika kombinationer av hälsotillstånd och åtgärder1. När det gäller att bestämma en lämplig detaljeringsgrad måste det avgöras utifrån sammanhanget prioriteringar ska göras i. En utgångspunkt är att fokusera på typfall, vård som representerar stor volym och kontroversiell vård.Alla former av vertikala prioriteringar ska baseras på de etiska principer som riksdagen beslutat ska gälla vid prioriteringar inom hälso- och sjukvården. De etiska principerna behöver dock göras kända, förtydligas och eventuellt kompletteras för att kunna omsättas i praktiska prioriteringar. Vidare anser vi att riksdagens fyra så kallade prioriteringsgrupper inte ska ingå i modellen.Människovärdesprincipen, som innebär att alla människor bör ha lika värde och samma rätt till vård oberoende av personliga egenskaper och funktioner i samhället, är den självklara utgångspunkten vid prioriteringar. När personliga egenskaper såsom ålder, kön, livsstil eller funktion hos en grupp är ett uttryck för att speciella behov föreligger så att nytta med insatserna blir olika ska de personliga egenskaperna kunna beaktas i en prioritering på gruppnivå. Frågan om hur externa effekter, d v s effekten av en insats för närstående och andra grupper än den individ som är direkt berörd av insatsen, ska värderas vid en prioritering behöver diskuteras ytterligare.Med behov av hälso- och sjukvård menas både tillståndets svårighetsgrad och den förväntade nyttan av en åtgärd. Som patient har man endast behov av sådana vårdåtgärder som man förväntas ha nytta av. Motsatt gäller att en människa enligt detta sätt att definiera behov inte behöver åtgärder som inte förbättrar hälsan och livskvaliteten, sådana som hon inte har nytta av. Här har givetvis hälso- och sjukvården ett ansvar att lotsa människor de kommer i kontakt med, och som far illa på något sätt, till andra lämpliga aktörer.Riksdagens riktlinjer, när det gäller kostnadseffektivitetsprincipen (tillämpad för enskilda patienter), är för begränsad för att vägleda vid vertikala prioriteringar som gäller prioritering på gruppnivå. Regeringen konstaterade redan i prioriteringspropositionen att det är angeläget att skilja på en kostnadseffektivitetsprincip som gäller val mellan olika åtgärder för den enskilde patienten (där principen kan tillämpas som utredningen föreslår) och på hälso- och sjukvårdens strävan efter en hög kostnadseffektivitet när det gäller vårdens verksamhet i allmänhet. Här stödjer vi oss på Riksdagens direktiv till Läkemedelsförmånsnämnden. Nämnden ska vid beslut om subvention (prioriteringar) av ett läkemedel bl a bedöma om det är kostnadseffektivt i ett samhälleligt perspektiv, vilket innebär att man ställer patientnyttan av läkemedlet mot kostnaden. I bedömningen ska kostnadseffektiviteten vägas samman med behovs- och solidaritetsprincipen och människovärdesprincipen.Den föreslagna arbetsmodellen överensstämmer i allt väsentligt med den arbetsmodell som används av Socialstyrelsens vid framtagning av nationella riktlinjer. Det är inte möjligt att rymma alla aspekter som kan vara aktuella att beakta vid beskrivning av en nationell arbetsmodell. Man måste därför utgå från modellen och fundera på vilka andra relevanta aspekter som dessutom bör vägas in. T ex kan den internationella klassifikationen för funktionsförmåga (ICF) användas som vägledning.På grund av den stora variationsrikedomen av effektmått i olika verksamheter och de begränsade erfarenheter som finns att arbeta med sådana explicita gränsvärden anser vi att det är för tidigt att rekommendera en enhetlig indelning i t ex risknivåer. Det är dock viktigt att de som arbetar med prioriteringar redovisar hur de har resonerat.SBU:s klassifikation för att gradera den vetenskapliga evidensen för en åtgärds effekt bör användas i första hand. Lokala prioriteringsprojekt med begränsade resurser till sitt förfogande föreslås redovisa bedömningen av det vetenskapliga underlaget med ord och referera till det kunskapsunderlag som använts. Evidensstyrkan bör endast uttryckas med siffror då man stöder en slutsats på en systematisk kunskapsöversikt från SBU eller en annan översikt av god kvalitet.Prioriteringsarbeten där hälsoekonomiska data finns tillgängliga bör tills vidare ansluta till Socialstyrelsens arbetssätt och ange kostnadseffektivitet i en skala från låg till mycket hög kostnad per vunnet levnadsår eller kostnad per kvalitetsjusterat levnadsår. Den hälsoekonomiska evidensen bör redovisas i enlighet med de principer som Socialstyrelsen tillämpar. I lokala projekt med små resurser eller svårigheter att konsekvent få fram uppgifter om kostnadseffektivitet rekommenderar vi att man åtminstone resonerar om kostnadseffektivitet i de fall prioriteringsordningen på ett avgörande sätt påverkas när kostnaderna vägs in.Tio nivåer bör användas för rangordning samt att rangordningslistan kompletteras med en ”icke-göra-lista” för metoder som inte bör utföras alls eller rutinmässigt samt en FoU-lista för metoder där det fortfarande saknas tillräcklig evidens för att kunna motivera ett införande i rutinsjukvården. Sammanvägningen sker företrädesvis med en kvalitativ metod i avsaknad av en invändningsfri kvantitativ/matematisk metod. Likaså tror vi att det för närvarade inte är möjligt att fastställa entydiga kriterier som avgör inom vilken rangordningsnivå ett prioriteringsobjekt ska hamna.Resultatet bör presenteras i form av en rangordningslista. De parametrar som ligger till grund för prioriteringen bör också på ett enhetligt sätt redovisas i sådana rangordningslistor som visas för andra. I detalj kan språket och utseendet av pedagogiska skäl behöva anpassas för respektive målgrupp.Gränser för vad som är acceptabel behovstäckning (vårdkvalitet, mängd liksom andel av de i patientgrupp som får tillgång till insatsen) är en regional och lokal fråga och ingår därför inte i den nationella modellen.
20.	Carlsson, Per, et al. (författare) Nationell modell för öppna vertikala prioriteringar inom svensk hälso- och sjukvård 2007 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
21.	Conrady, Kristina, et al. (författare) Impact of snow on sound propagating from wind turbines 2018 Ingår i: Wind Energy. - : Wiley. - 1095-4244 .- 1099-1824. ; 21:12, s. 1282-1295 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The impact of snow on sound propagating from a wind farm in northern Sweden has been investigated. Simultaneous acoustic and meteorological measurements, combined with daily snow observations, have been analysed for the snow season in 2013 to 2014. Such measurements are crucial since significant knowledge gaps exist, especially for conditions in cold climates, in the implementation of atmospheric boundary layer complexity in sound propagation models. The effect of snow on sound propagation is shown to be dependent on the snow quality. Moreover, snow on trees (upplega) also has an influence on sound propagation. Compared with conditions without snow on trees, the average sound level is approximately 2 dBA lower. The effect is more distinct for higher frequencies compared with lower frequencies.
22.	Convey, Peter, et al. (författare) The importance of understanding annual and shorter term temperature patterns and variation in the surface levels of polar soils for terrestrial biota 2018 Ingår i: Polar Biology. - : Springer Publishing Company. - 0722-4060 .- 1432-2056. ; 41:8, s. 1587-1605 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Ground temperatures in the top few centimetres of the soil profile are key in many biological processes yet remain very poorly documented, especially in the polar regions or over longer timescales. They can vary greatly seasonally and at various spatial scales across the often highly complex and heterogeneous polar landscapes. It is challenging and often impossible to extrapolate soil profile temperatures from meteorological air temperature records. Furthermore, despite the justifiably considerable profile given to contemporary large-scale climate change trends, with the exception of some sites on Greenland, few biological microclimate datasets exist that are of sufficient duration to allow robust linkage and comparison with these large-scale trends. However, it is also clear that the responses of the soil-associated biota of the polar regions to projected climate change cannot be adequately understood without improved knowledge of how landscape heterogeneity affects ground and sub-surface biological microclimates, and of descriptions of these microclimates and their patterns and trends at biologically relevant physical and temporal scales. To stimulate research and discussion in this field, we provide an overview of multi-annual temperature records from 20 High Arctic (Svalbard) and maritime Antarctic (Antarctic Peninsula and Scotia Arc) sites. We highlight important features in the datasets that are likely to have influence on biology in polar terrestrial ecosystems, including (a) summer ground and sub-surface temperatures vary much more than air temperatures; (b) winter ground temperatures are generally uncoupled from air temperatures; (c) the ground thawing period may be considerably shorter than that of positive air temperatures; (d) ground and air freeze–thaw patterns differ seasonally between Arctic and Antarctic; (e) rates of ground temperature change are generally low; (f) accumulated thermal sum in the ground usually greatly exceeds air cumulative degree days. The primary purpose of this article is to highlight the utility and biological relevance of such data, and to this end the full datasets are provided here to enable further analyses by the research community, and incorporation in future wider comparative studies.
23.	Dahlbom, Sixten, et al. (författare) Minimering av vätgasrelaterade risker från avfallseldade CFB-pannor 2020 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Det finns driftparametrar som påverkar reaktiviteten på flygaskan från avfallseldade CFB-pannor. Det finns också goda skäl att tänka ett par varv extra kring säkerhetsfrågor i miljöer där dessa askor kommer i kontakt med, eller har kommit i kontakt med, vatten! Det är tidigare känt att askor från avfallseldade CFB-pannor kan bilda vätgas när de kommer i kontakt med vatten. Det övergripande syftet med projektet har varit att minska de vätgasrelaterade arbetsmiljöriskerna förknippade med dessa flygaskor samt att öka kunskapsnivån kring de vätgasrelaterade riskerna generellt. Projektet har undersökt vilka driftparametrar och mekanismer som kan påverka vätgasbildningen både sett till mängd och hastighet, undersökt mängden metalliskt aluminium i askor/beläggningar i pannan samt att genomfört en grovriskanalys för en tänkt logistikkedja med båt. Undersökningarna har fokuserats till P14 och P15 vid E.ON:s Händelöverk. Resultaten visade bland annat att det i litteraturen finns väldigt lite information direkt relaterad till frågeställningen i CFB-pannor. Istället får slutsatser och teorier byggas kring litteratur som hanterar närliggande frågeställningar i andra miljöer. De experimentella resultaten indikerar att det finns en skillnad i reaktivitet i flygaskan mellan de båda pannorna och att val av bäddmaterial är en driftparameter som tycks kunna påverka reaktiviteten. Vid inblandning av ilmenit i bäddmaterialet tycktes den maximala vätgasbildningen sjunka och/eller bli mer fördröjd i tiden. De övriga driftfall som studerades var: dellast, varierande tillsats av ammoniak i SNCR systemet samt lagring/åldring av aska i NID-filtret (rökgasreningen) när en del av filtret är ur drift. Det finns indikationer på att dessa driftfall också kan ha påverkan, men dataunderlaget är för litet för att med säkerhet fastslå något. Det tycks dock svårt att förutom med bäddmaterial påverka reaktiviteten med bibehållen funktion i driften i övrigt. Ask/beläggningsprover från olika delar av pannorna visade att halten metalliskt aluminium i ekonomiser är fullt jämförbar med de efter NID-filtret och därmed är det stor risk för vätgasbildning vid våt rengöring av dessa delar. God ventilation och utbildningsinsatser för att öka medvetenheten är viktiga rekommendationer för att minska/hantera risken. Slutsatserna från grovriskanalysen logistikkedjan lyfter faran med att generalisera vätgasbildningen från askorna eftersom den varierar så kraftigt. Det är också viktigt att ta hänsyn till att vätgasbildningen kan vara fördröjd och inte initieras förrän askan utsätts för mekanisk bearbetning. Den mekaniska bearbetningen utgör också en risk utifrån att den kan initiera gnistbildning. Denna gnistbildning kan i sin tur agera som tändkälla för bildad gas.
24.	Davidsson, Cecilia, 1963-, et al. (författare) Norrtullsligan : En dialog som fortsätter 2022 Ingår i: Litteraturen i arbete. - : Trolltrumma. - 9789198632613 ; , s. 139-150 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
25.	Den flytande fritiden : Ett samtal om hur barn gör och upplever kultur idag 2021 Ingår i: Favorit i repris!: bruk och återbruk inom barnkulturen. - Stockholm : Centrum för barnkulturforskning, Stockholms universitet, Sverige. - 9789198232370 ; , s. 76-87 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
26.	Enlund, Mats, et al. (författare) Survival after primary breast cancer surgery following propofol or sevoflurane general anesthesia-A retrospective, multicenter, database analysis of 6305 Swedish patients 2020 Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576. ; 64:8, s. 1048-1054 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: Retrospective studies indicate that the choice of anesthetic can affect long-term cancer survival. Propofol seems to have an advantage over sevoflurane. However, this is questioned for breast cancer. We gathered a large cohort of breast cancer surgery patients from seven Swedish hospitals and hypothesized that general anesthesia with propofol would be superior to sevoflurane anesthesia regarding long-term breast cancer survival.Methods: We identified all patients who were anaesthetized for breast cancer surgery between 2006 and 2012. The patients were matched to the Swedish Breast Cancer Quality Register, to retrieve tumor characteristics, prognostic factors, and adjuvant treatment as well as date of death. Overall survival between patients undergoing sevoflurane and propofol anesthesia was analyzed with different statistical approaches: (a) multiple Cox regression models adjusted for demographic, oncological, and multiple control variables, (b) propensity score matching on the same variables, but also including the participating centers as a cofactor in a separate analysis.Results: The database analysis identified 6305 patients. The 5-year survival rates were 91.0% and 81.8% for the propofol and sevoflurane group, respectively, in the final model (P = .126). Depending on the statistical adjustment method used, different results were obtained, from a non-significant to a "proposed" and even a "determined" difference in survival that favored propofol, with a maximum of 9.2 percentage points higher survival rate at 5 years (hazard ratio 1.46, 95% CI 1.10-1.95).Conclusions: It seems that propofol may have a survival advantage compared with sevoflurane among breast cancer patients, but the inherent weaknesses of retrospective analyses were made apparent.
27.	Esau, I., et al. (författare) Svalbard Meteorology 2012 Ingår i: Advances in Meteorology. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1687-9309 .- 1687-9317. ; 2012 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
28.	Flemström, Gunnar, 1941-, et al. (författare) Apelin stimulation of duodenal bicarbonate secretion : feeding-dependent and mediated via apelin-induced release of enteric cholecystokinin 2011 Ingår i: Acta Physiologica. - Oxford : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1748-1708 .- 1748-1716. ; 201:1, s. 141-150 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Aim: Apelin peptides is the endogenous ligand of the G protein-coupled receptor APJ. Proposed actions include involvement in control of cardiovascular functions, appetite and body metabolism. We have investigated effects of apelin peptides on duodenal bicarbonate secretion in vivo and the release of cholecystokinin (CCK) from acutely isolated mucosal cells and the neuroendocrine cell line STC-1. Methods: Lewis x Dark Agouti rats had free access to water and, unless fasted overnight, free access to food. A segment of proximal duodenum was cannulated in situ in anesthetized animals. Mucosal bicarbonate secretion was titrated (pH stat) and apelin was administered to the duodenum by close intra-arterial infusion. Total RNA was extracted from mucosal specimens, reverse transcripted to cDNA and expression of the APJ receptor measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Apelin-induced release of CCK was measured using (i) cells prepared from proximal small intestine, and (ii) STC-1 cells. Results: Even the lowest dose of apelin-13 (6 pmol kg-1 h-1) caused a significant rise in bicarbonate secretion. Stimulation occurred only in continuously fed animals and even a 100-fold greater dose (600 pmol kg-1 h-1) of apelin was without effect in overnight food deprived animals. Fasting also induced a 8-fold decrease in the expression of APJ receptor mRNA. Apelin induced significant release of CCK from both mucosal and STC-1 cells, and the CCKA receptor antagonist devazepide abolished bicarbonate secretory responses to apelin. Conclusions: Apelin-induced stimulation of duodenal electrolyte secretion is feeding dependent and mediated by local mucosal release of CCK
29.	G. Franzén, Anna, 1982-, et al. (författare) Fear, anger and desire : Affect and the interactional intricacies of rape humor on a live podcast 2020 Ingår i: Language in society (London. Print). - 0047-4045 .- 1469-8013. ; 50:5, s. 763-786 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Aggressive, sexist humor is often understood as expressions of inner, misogynist attitudes. This article, however, investigates rape humor as a collective and interactive phenomenon. Drawing on an infamous Swedish podcast episode, we illuminate rape humor in terms of affect, desire, and repression (Butler 1987; Billig 1999), and as such, how taboo-breaking arouses both pleasure and fear among the participants. The analyses detail affective practices that both promote and discipline affects. The men in the group interpellate one of the participants as a clown, someone whose taboo-breaking they interactionally support and simultaneously distance themselves from. The article concludes that affects, like subject positions, are interpellated in interaction. Building on Wetherell’s (2013) understanding of affect as both discursive and embodied, we suggest a reintroduction of repression/desire into a discursively oriented framework.
30.	Heesch, Sandra, et al. (författare) The Mutanome Engineered RNA Immuno-Therapy (MERIT) project 2015 Ingår i: Cancer Research. - 0008-5472 .- 1538-7445. ; 75 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
31.	Heins, Nico, et al. (författare) Derivation, characterization, and differentiation of human embryonic stem cells. 2004 Ingår i: Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio). - 1066-5099. ; 22:3, s. 367-76 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The derivation of human embryonic stem (hES) cells establishes a new avenue to approach many issues in human biology and medicine for the first time. To meet the increased demand for characterized hES cell lines, we present the derivation and characterization of six hES cell lines. In addition to the previously described immunosurgery procedure, we were able to propagate the inner cell mass and establish hES cell lines from pronase-treated and hatched blastocysts. The cell lines were extensively characterized by expression analysis of markers characteristic for undifferentiated and differentiated hES cells, karyotyping, telomerase activity measurement, and pluripotency assays in vitro and in vivo. Whereas three of the cell lines expressed all the characteristics of undifferentiated pluripotent hES cells, one cell line carried a chromosome 13 trisomy while maintaining an undifferentiated pluripotent state, and two cell lines, one of which carried a triploid karyotype, exhibited limited pluripotency in vivo. Furthermore, we clonally derived one cell line, which could be propagated in an undifferentiated pluripotent state.
32.	Jansson, Ann, 1950, et al. (författare) Role of a consensus AP-2 regulatory sequence within the Epstein-Barr Virus LMP1 promoter in EBNA2 mediated transactivation 2007 Ingår i: Virus Genes. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0920-8569 .- 1572-994X. ; 35:2, s. 203-14 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) tumor-associated latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) gene expression is transactivated by EBV nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA2) in human B cells. We previously reported that an E-box element at the LMP1 regulatory sequence (LRS) represses transcription of the LMP1 gene through the recruitment of a Max-Mad1-mSin3A complex. In the present study, using deletion/mutation analysis, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays, we show that the promoter region adjacent to the E-box (-59/-67) is required for the full repression conferred by E-box binding proteins. The repressive effect of these factors was overcome by an inhibitor of histone deacetylation, Trichostatin A (TSA), concurring with the reports that histone deacetylation plays an important role in repression mediated by Max-Mad1-mSin3A complex. Furthermore, ChIP analyses showed that histones at the transcriptionally active LMP1 promoter were hyperacetylated, whereas in the absence of transcription they were hypoacetylated. EBNA2 activation of the promoter required a consensus AP-2 sequence in the -103/-95 LRS region. While EMSA results and the low level of AP-2 factors expression in B cells argue against known AP-2 factors binding to this site, several pieces of evidence point to a similar mechanism of promoter activation as seen by AP-2 factors. We conclude that an AP-2 site-binding factor and EBNA2 act in concert to overcome the repression of the LMP1 promoter via the consensus AP-2 site. This activation showed strong correlation with histone hyperacetylation at the promoter, indicating this to be a major mechanism for the EBNA2 mediated LMP1 transactivation.
33.	Kiflemariam, Sara, et al. (författare) Scalable In Situ Hybridization on Tissue Arrays for Validation of Novel Cancer and Tissue-Specific Biomarkers 2012 Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 7:3, s. e32927- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Tissue localization of gene expression is increasingly important for accurate interpretation of large scale datasets from expression and mutational analyses. To this end, we have (1) developed a robust and scalable procedure for generation of mRNA hybridization probes, providing >95% first-pass success rate in probe generation to any human target gene and (2) adopted an automated staining procedure for analyses of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues and tissue microarrays. The in situ mRNA and protein expression patterns for genes with known as well as unknown tissue expression patterns were analyzed in normal and malignant tissues to assess procedure specificity and whether in situ hybridization can be used for validating novel antibodies. We demonstrate concordance between in situ transcript and protein expression patterns of the well-known pathology biomarkers KRT17, CHGA, MKI67, PECAM1 and VIL1, and provide independent validation for novel antibodies to the biomarkers BRD1, EZH2, JUP and SATB2. The present study provides a foundation for comprehensive in situ gene set or transcriptome analyses of human normal and tumor tissues.
34.	Kilpeläinen, T, et al. (författare) Modelling of the vertical structure of the atmospheric boundary layer over Arctic fjords in Svalbard 2012 Ingår i: Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. - 0035-9009 .- 1477-870X. ; 138, s. 1867-1883 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
35.	Kilpeläinen, T, et al. (författare) Momentum and sensible heat exchange in an ice-free Arctic fjord 2010 Ingår i: Boundary-layer Meteorology. - 0006-8314 .- 1573-1472. ; 134, s. 109-130 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
36.	Kral, ST, et al. (författare) Observations of summer turbulent surface fluxes in a High Arctic fjord 2014 Ingår i: Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. - : Wiley. - 0035-9009 .- 1477-870X. ; 140, s. 666-675 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The summer atmospheric boundary layer over a fjord in the High Arctic has beeninvestigated during three consecutive years (2008–2010). Measurements of turbulentsurface layer fluxes of momentum and sensible heat using a sonic anemometer and slowresponseinstruments were taken from a tower on the coast of Isfjorden, Svalbard, andanalysed for seasonal variability and differing fetch conditions. The results resembled theatmospheric boundary layer characteristics previously found for ice-free winter conditions.The momentum flux was usually directed downwards, but for low wind speeds there was apossible contribution of swell, giving an upward directed momentum flux. The cross-windcomponent of the momentum flux sometimes contributed significantly to the total flux. Thesensible heat flux was very dependent on the origin of air, whether it had a long over-waterfetch, or originated from land areas with or without glaciers. In addition to non-stationarityof the flow due to the influence of the fjord’s shape and its surrounding topography, lowwind speeds questioned the validity of the Monin–Obukhov similarity theory, whereas theover-water fetch and off-wind angle were of minor importance. Moreover, some results,especially the off-wind angle, were very sensitive to how the raw data were treated, inparticular which coordinate rotation method was employed, the double rotation or theplanar fit method.
37.	Ljung Aust, Mikael, 1973, et al. (författare) Final measures (Deliverable 5.5) 2020 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract The main objective of WP5 has been to run a set of field trials with naïve users (i.e. not experts involved in the development of the measures) for all nudging and coaching measures developed in WP2-4. Then, given the outcome of the field trials, the task has been to analyse which impacts these measures may have on road safety along with the cost of implementing them in vehicle fleets and/or infrastructure. All these activities have taken place in Tasks 5.4 (Data collection) and 5.6 (Data analysis).
38.	Ljungström, Viktor, et al. (författare) Whole-exome sequencing in relapsing chronic lymphocytic leukemia : clinical impact of recurrent RPS15 mutations 2016 Ingår i: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 0006-4971 .- 1528-0020. ; 127:8, s. 1007-1016 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and rituximab (FCR) is first-line treatment for medically fit chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients, however despite good response rates many patients eventually relapse. Whilst recent high-throughput studies have identified novel recurrent genetic lesions in adverse-prognostic CLL, the mechanisms leading to relapse after FCR therapy are not completely understood. To gain insight into this issue, we performed whole-exome sequencing of sequential samples from 41 CLL patients who were uniformly treated with FCR but relapsed after a median of 2 years. In addition to mutations with known adverse-prognostic impact (TP53, NOTCH1, ATM, SF3B1, NFKBIE, BIRC3) a large proportion of cases (19.5%) harbored mutations in RPS15, a gene encoding a component of the 40S ribosomal subunit. Extended screening, totaling 1119 patients, supported a role for RPS15 mutations in aggressive CLL, with one-third of RPS15-mutant cases also carrying TP53 aberrations. In most cases selection of dominant, relapse-specific subclones was observed over time. However, RPS15 mutations were clonal prior to treatment and remained stable at relapse. Notably, all RPS15 mutations represented somatic missense variants and resided within a 7 amino-acid evolutionarily conserved region. We confirmed the recently postulated direct interaction between RPS15 and MDM2/MDMX and transient expression of mutant RPS15 revealed defective regulation of endogenous p53 compared to wildtype RPS15. In summary, we provide novel insights into the heterogeneous genetic landscape of CLL relapsing after FCR treatment and highlight a novel mechanism underlying clinical aggressiveness involving a mutated ribosomal protein, potentially representing an early genetic lesion in CLL pathobiology.
39.	Lundgren, Christine, et al. (författare) Agreement between molecular subtyping and surrogate subtype classification : a contemporary population-based study of ER-positive/HER2-negative primary breast cancer 2019 Ingår i: Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. - : SPRINGER. - 0167-6806 .- 1573-7217. ; 178:2, s. 459-467 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Purpose: Oestrogen receptor-positive (ER+) and human epidermal receptor 2-negative (HER2-) breast cancers are classified as Luminal A or B based on gene expression, but immunohistochemical markers are used for surrogate subtyping. The aims of this study were to examine the agreement between molecular subtyping (MS) and surrogate subtyping and to identify subgroups consisting mainly of Luminal A or B tumours.Methods: The cohort consisted of 2063 patients diagnosed between 2013-2017, with primary ER+/HER2- breast cancer, analysed by RNA sequencing. Surrogate subtyping was performed according to three algorithms (St. Gallen 2013, Maisonneuve and our proposed Grade-based classification). Agreement (%) and kappa statistics (kappa) were used as concordance measures and ROC analysis for luminal distinction. Ki67, progesterone receptor (PR) and histological grade (HG) were further investigated as surrogate markers.Results: The agreement rates between the MS and St. Gallen 2013, Maisonneuve and Grade-based classifications were 62% (kappa = 0.30), 66% (kappa = 0.35) and 70% (kappa = 0.41), respectively. PR did not contribute to distinguishing Luminal A from B tumours (auROC = 0.56). By classifying HG1-2 tumours as Luminal A-like and HG3 as Luminal B-like, agreement with MS was 80% (kappa = 0.46). Moreover, by combining HG and Ki67 status, a large subgroup of patients (51% of the cohort) having > 90% Luminal A tumours could be identified.Conclusions: Agreement between MS and surrogate classifications was generally poor. However, a post hoc analysis showed that a combination of HG and Ki67 could identify patients very likely to have Luminal A tumours according to MS.
40.	Mezheyeuski, Artur, et al. (författare) An immune score reflecting pro- and anti-tumoural balance of tumour microenvironment has major prognostic impact and predicts immunotherapy response in solid cancers 2023 Ingår i: EBioMedicine. - : Elsevier. - 2352-3964. ; 88 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: Cancer immunity is based on the interaction of a multitude of cells in the spatial context of the tumour tissue. Clinically relevant immune signatures are therefore anticipated to fundamentally improve the accuracy in predicting disease progression.Methods: Through a multiplex in situ analysis we evaluated 15 immune cell classes in 1481 tumour samples. Single-cell and bulk RNAseq data sets were used for functional analysis and validation of prognostic and predictive associations.Findings: By combining the prognostic information of anti-tumoural CD8+ lymphocytes and tumour supportive CD68+CD163+ macrophages in colorectal cancer we generated a signature of immune activation (SIA). The prognostic impact of SIA was independent of conventional parameters and comparable with the state-of-art immune score. The SIA was also associated with patient survival in oesophageal adenocarcinoma, bladder cancer, lung adenocarcinoma and melanoma, but not in endometrial, ovarian and squamous cell lung carcinoma. We identified CD68+CD163+ macrophages as the major producers of complement C1q, which could serve as a surrogate marker of this macrophage subset. Consequently, the RNA-based version of SIA (ratio of CD8A to C1QA) was predictive for survival in independent RNAseq data sets from these six cancer types. Finally, the CD8A/C1QA mRNA ratio was also predictive for the response to checkpoint inhibitor therapy.Interpretation: Our findings extend current concepts to procure prognostic information from the tumour immune microenvironment and provide an immune activation signature with high clinical potential in common human cancer types.
41.	Mezheyeuski, Artur, et al. (författare) Stroma-normalised vessel density predicts benefit from adjuvant fluorouracil-based chemotherapy in patients with stage II/III colon cancer 2019 Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 0007-0920 .- 1532-1827. ; 121:4, s. 303-311 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract BACKGROUND: Identification of biomarkers associated with benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in stage II/III colon cancer is an important task. METHODS: Vessel density (VD) and tumour stroma were analysed in a randomised-trial-derived discovery cohort (n = 312) and in a stage II/III group of a population-based validation cohort (n = 85). VD was scored separately in the tumour centre, invasive margin and peritumoral stroma compartments and quantitated as VD/total analysed tissue area or VD/stroma area. RESULTS: High stroma-normalised VD in the invasive margin was associated with significantly longer time to recurrence and overall survival (OS) (p = 0.002 and p = 0.006, respectively) in adjuvant-treated patients of the discovery cohort, but not in surgery-only patients. Stroma-normalised VD in the invasive margin and treatment effect were significantly associated according to a formal interaction test (p = 0.009). Similarly, in the validation cohort, high stroma-normalised VD was associated with OS in adjuvant-treated patients, although statistical significance was not reached (p = 0.051). CONCLUSION: Through the use of novel digitally scored vessel-density-related metrics, this exploratory study identifies stroma-normalised VD in the invasive margin as a candidate marker for benefit of adjuvant 5-FU-based chemotherapy in stage II/III colon cancer. The findings, indicating particular importance of vessels in the invasive margin, also suggest biological mechanisms for further exploration.
42.	Mezheyeuski, Artur, et al. (författare) The ratio of CD8+ lymphocytes to CD68+CD163+ macrophages is prognostic in immunogenic tumors and predicts immunotherapy response Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Immune cells in the microenvironment shape tumor development and progression. Through in situ analyses we assessed 15 immune cell classes in 352 colorectal cancers and identified a simpleprognostic signature based on the ratio of anti-tumoral CD8+ lymphocytes to tumor-supportiveCD68+CD163+ macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. The prognostic ability of this signature was superior to the state-of-art immune score and was also demonstrated in four other tumor types. Single-cell analyses identified these CD68+CD163+ macrophages as the source of complement C1q, and the ratio of CD8A to C1QA gene expression levels in bulk RNA predicted survival in five tumor types. In single cell analyses, RNA-based versions of the signature also predicted response to checkpoint inhibitor therapy. This supports broad clinical applicability of immune scores considering CD68+CD163+ macrophages as prognostic and predictive biomarkers in common cancers.
43.	Molinder, Jennie (författare) Forecasting of Icing Related Wind Energy Production Losses : Probabilistic and Machine Learning Approaches 2021 Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Icing on wind turbine blades causes significant production losses for wind energy in cold climate. Next-day forecasts of these production losses are crucial for the power balance in the electrical grid and for the trading process, but they are uncertain due to lack of understanding of, and simplifications, in the modelling chain. In the present work, uncertainties in the modelling chain for icing related production losses are addressed with the aim to increase the utility of next-day production loss forecasts. Probabilistic and machine learning methods are applied both to improve the forecast skill and to estimate reliable forecast uncertainties. The different methods enable uncertainties in different parts of the chain to be addressed. A Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) ensemble captures uncertainties in the initial conditions of the forecasts while a neighbourhood method describes uncertainties in the spatial representation of the NWP forecast at the exact locations of the wind parks. An icing model ensemble is generated in order to address uncertainties in the icing model parameters. Finally, machine learning approaches are employed to both deterministically and probabilistically address uncertainties in the modelling chain. Production data from wind parks in Sweden were used to evaluate all methods. The physically based probabilistic methods; the NWP ensemble, the neighbourhood method and the icing model ensemble, increase the forecast skill and provide valuable uncertainty estimations. The largest forecast improvement is obtained when the different probabilistic approaches are combined. On the other hand, machine learning approaches for icing related production losses demonstrate large potential. The probabilistic machine learning method employed generally outperforms every other single probabilistic method mentioned above. By applying the different methods of uncertainty quantification, the utility of icing related production loss forecast in the trading process is improved since related costs can be reduced and usage of the produced power can be optimised. These methods can also be beneficial when planning for site maintenance and for the use of de-icing systems, since icing on the wind turbines are directly or indirectly forecasted. Thus, the improved representations of uncertainties in the modelling chain contributes to an enhanced usage of wind power in cold climates.
44.	Molinder, Jennie, et al. (författare) Probabilistic forecasting of wind power production losses in cold climates : a case study 2018 Ingår i: Wind Energy Science. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 2366-7443 .- 2366-7451. ; 3, s. 667-680 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The problem of icing on wind turbines in cold climates is addressed using probabilistic forecasting to improve next-day forecasts of icing and related production losses. A case study of probabilistic forecasts was generated for a 2-week period. Uncertainties in initial and boundary conditions are represented with an ensemble forecasting system, while uncertainties in the spatial representation are included with a neighbourhood method. Using probabilistic forecasting instead of one single forecast was shown to improve the forecast skill of the ice-related production loss forecasts and hence the icing forecasts. The spread of the multiple forecasts can be used as an estimate of the forecast uncertainty and of the likelihood for icing and severe production losses. Best results, both in terms of forecast skill and forecasted uncertainty, were achieved using both the ensemble forecast and the neighbourhood method combined. This demonstrates that the application of probabilistic forecasting for wind power in cold climates can be valuable when planning next-day energy production, in the usage of de-icing systems and for site safety.
45.	Molinder, Jennie, et al. (författare) Probabilistic Forecasting of Wind Turbine Icing Related Production Losses Using Quantile Regression Forests 2021 Ingår i: Energies. - BASEL, SWITZERLAND : MDPI. - 1996-1073. ; 14:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract A probabilistic machine learning method is applied to icing related production loss forecasts for wind energy in cold climates. The employed method, called quantile regression forests, is based on the random forest regression algorithm. Based on the performed tests on data from four Swedish wind parks available for two winter seasons, it has been shown to produce valuable probabilistic forecasts. Even with the limited amount of training and test data that were used in the study, the estimated forecast uncertainty adds more value to the forecast when compared to a deterministic forecast and a previously published probabilistic forecast method. It is also shown that the output from a physical icing model provides useful information to the machine learning method, as its usage results in an increased forecast skill when compared to only using Numerical Weather Prediction data. A potential additional benefit in machine learning for some stations was also found when using information in the training from other stations that are also affected by icing. This increases the amount of data, which is otherwise a challenge when developing forecasting methods for wind energy in cold climates.
46.	Mäkiranta, E, et al. (författare) Observations and modelling of the atmospheric boundary layer over sea ice in a Svalbard fjord 2011 Ingår i: Boundary-layer Meteorology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0006-8314 .- 1573-1472. ; 140, s. 105-123 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
47.	Nilsson, Christina, et al. (författare) Causes and outcomes in studies of fear of childbirth: A systematic review 2018 Ingår i: Women and Birth. - 1871-5192 .- 1878-1799. Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract PROBLEM:Fear of childbirth negatively affects women during pregnancy and after birth.AIM:To summarise the findings of published studies regarding possible causes/predisposing factors and outcomes of fear of childbirth for childbearing women.DESIGN:A systematic review, searching five databases in March 2015 for studies on causes/predisposing factors and outcomes of fear of childbirth, as measured during pregnancy and postpartum. Quality of included studies was assessed independently by pairs of authors. Data were extracted independently by reviewer pairs and described in a narrative analysis.FINDINGS:Cross-sectional, register-based and case-control studies were included (n=21). Causes were grouped into population characteristics, mood-related aspects, and pregnancy and birth-related aspects. Outcomes were defined as mood-related or pregnancy and birth-related aspects. Differing definitions of fear of childbirth were found and meta-analysis could only be performed on parity, in a few studies.CONCLUSIONS:Stress, anxiety, depression and lack of social support are associated with fear during pregnancy. Need for psychiatric care and presence of traumatic stress symptoms are reported outcomes together with prolonged labour, longer labours, use of epidural and obstetric complications. Nulliparous and parous women have similar levels of fear but for different reasons. Since the strongest predictor for fear in parous women is a previous negative birth experience or operative birth, we suggest it is important to distinguish between fear of childbirth and fear after birth. Findings demonstrate the need for creating woman-centred birthing environments where women can feel free and secure with low risk of negative or traumatic birth experiences and consequent fear.
48.	Nilsson, Christina, 1959, et al. (författare) Definitions, measurements and prevalence of fear of childbirth: a systematic review 2018 Ingår i: Bmc Pregnancy and Childbirth. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2393. ; 18 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: Fear of Childbirth (FOC) is a common problem affecting women's health and wellbeing, and a common reason for requesting caesarean section. The aims of this review were to summarise published research on prevalence of FOC in childbearing women and how it is defined and measured during pregnancy and postpartum, and to search for useful measures of FOC, for research as well as for clinical settings. Methods: Five bibliographic databases in March 2015 were searched for published research on FOC, using a protocol agreed a priori. The quality of selected studies was assessed independently by pairs of authors. Prevalence data, definitions and methods of measurement were extracted independently from each included study by pairs of authors. Finally, some of the country rates were combined and compared. Results: In total, 12,188 citations were identified and screened by title and abstract; 11,698 were excluded and full-text of 490 assessed for analysis. Of these, 466 were excluded leaving 24 papers included in the review, presenting prevalence of FOC from nine countries in Europe, Australia, Canada and the United States. Various definitions and measurements of FOC were used. The most frequently-used scale was the W-DEQ with various cut-off points describing moderate, severe/intense and extreme/phobic fear. Different 3-, 4-, and 5/6 point scales and visual analogue scales were also used. Country rates (as measured by seven studies using W-DEQ with >= 85 cut-off point) varied from 6.3 to 14.8%, a significant difference (chi-square = 104.44, d.f. = 6, rho < 0.0001). Conclusions: Rates of severe FOC, measured in the same way, varied in different countries. Reasons why FOC might differ are unknown, and further research is necessary. Future studies on FOC should use the W-DEQ tool with a cut-off point of >= 85, or a more thoroughly tested version of the FOBS scale, or a three-point scale measurement of FOC using a single question as 'Are you afraid about the birth?' In this way, valid comparisons in research can be made. Moreover, validation of a clinical tool that is more focussed on FOC alone, and easier than the longer W-DEQ, for women to fill in and clinicians to administer, is required.
49.	Nunes, Luís, et al. (författare) Prognostic genome and transcriptome signatures in colorectal cancers 2024 Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Colorectal cancer is caused by a sequence of somatic genomic alterations affecting driver genes in core cancer pathways1. Here, to understand the functional and prognostic impact of cancer-causing somatic mutations, we analysed the whole genomes and transcriptomes of 1,063 primary colorectal cancers in a population-based cohort with long-term follow-up. From the 96 mutated driver genes, 9 were not previously implicated in colorectal cancer and 24 had not been linked to any cancer. Two distinct patterns of pathway co-mutations were observed, timing analyses identified nine early and three late driver gene mutations, and several signatures of colorectal-cancer-specific mutational processes were identified. Mutations in WNT, EGFR and TGFβ pathway genes, the mitochondrial CYB gene and 3 regulatory elements along with 21 copy-number variations and the COSMIC SBS44 signature correlated with survival. Gene expression classification yielded five prognostic subtypes with distinct molecular features, in part explained by underlying genomic alterations. Microsatellite-instable tumours divided into two classes with different levels of hypoxia and infiltration of immune and stromal cells. To our knowledge, this study constitutes the largest integrated genome and transcriptome analysis of colorectal cancer, and interlinks mutations, gene expression and patient outcomes. The identification of prognostic mutations and expression subtypes can guide future efforts to individualize colorectal cancer therapy.
50.	Nunes, Luís, 1995-, et al. (författare) Prognostic whole-genome and transcriptome signatures in colorectal cancers Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)

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