| 1. |
- Zhang, X., et al.
(författare)
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Human total, basal and activity energy expenditures are independent of ambient environmental temperature
- 2022
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Ingår i: iScience. - : Elsevier Inc.. - 2589-0042. ; 25:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lower ambient temperature (Ta) requires greater energy expenditure to sustain body temperature. However, effects of Ta on human energetics may be buffered by environmental modification and behavioral compensation. We used the IAEA DLW database for adults in the USA (n = 3213) to determine the effect of Ta (−10 to +30°C) on TEE, basal (BEE) and activity energy expenditure (AEE) and physical activity level (PAL). There were no significant relationships (p > 0.05) between maximum, minimum and average Ta and TEE, BEE, AEE and PAL. After adjustment for fat-free mass, fat mass and age, statistically significant (p < 0.01) relationships between TEE, BEE and Ta emerged in females but the effect sizes were not biologically meaningful. Temperatures inside buildings are regulated at 18–25°C independent of latitude. Hence, adults in the US modify their environments to keep TEE constant across a wide range of external ambient temperatures.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Flanagan, K. T., et al.
(författare)
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Nuclear Spins and Magnetic Moments of Cu-71,Cu-73,Cu-75 : Inversion of pi 2p(3/2) and pi 1f(5/2) Levels in Cu-75
- 2009
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 103:14, s. 142501-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the first confirmation of the predicted inversion between the pi 2p(3/2) and pi 1f(5/2) nuclear states in the nu g(9/2) midshell. This was achieved at the ISOLDE facility, by using a combination of in-source laser spectroscopy and collinear laser spectroscopy on the ground states of Cu-71,Cu-73,Cu-75, which measured the nuclear spin and magnetic moments. The obtained values are mu(Cu-71)=+2.2747(8)mu(N), mu(Cu-73)=+1.7426(8)mu(N), and mu(Cu-75)=+1.0062(13)mu(N) corresponding to spins I=3/2 for Cu-71,Cu-73 and I=5/2 for Cu-75. The results are in fair agreement with large-scale shell-model calculations.
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| 4. |
- Cocolios, T. E., et al.
(författare)
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Early Onset of Ground State Deformation in Neutron Deficient Polonium Isotopes
- 2011
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 106:5, s. 052503-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In-source resonant ionization laser spectroscopy of the even-A polonium isotopes Po-192-210,Po-216,Po-218 has been performed using the 6p(3)7s S-5(2) to (6)p(3)7p P-5(2) (lambda = 843.38 nm) transition in the polonium atom (Po-I) at the CERN ISOLDE facility. The comparison of the measured isotope shifts in Po200-210 with a previous data set allows us to test for the first time recent large-scale atomic calculations that are essential to extract the changes in the mean-square charge radius of the atomic nucleus. When going to lighter masses, a surprisingly large and early departure from sphericity is observed, which is only partly reproduced by beyond mean field calculations.
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| 5. |
- Cocolios, T. E., et al.
(författare)
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Early onset of deformation in the neutron-deficient polonium isotopes
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics, Conference Series. - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6588 .- 1742-6596. ; 381:1, s. 012072-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In-source laser spectroscopy has been performed at CERN-ISOLDE with the RILIS laser ion source on 191-204,206,208-211,216,218Po. New information on the β decay of 199Po were extracted in the process, challenging previous results. Large-scale atomic calculations were performed to extract the changes in the mean-square charge radius δr 2 from the isotope shifts. The δ«r» 2 for the even-A isotopes reveal a large deviation from the spherical droplet model for N < 116.
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| 6. |
- Cocolios, T. E., et al.
(författare)
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Structure of Pb-191 from alpha- and beta-decay spectroscopy
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics G. - : IOP Publishing. - 0954-3899 .- 1361-6471. ; 37:12, s. 125103-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Complementary studies of Pb-191 have been made in the beta decay of Bi-191 at LISOL (CRC) and in the alpha decay of Po-195 at ISOLDE (CERN). Fine structures in the alpha decay of the low-spin and high-spin isomers of 195Po have been fully resolved. Identification of the parent state is made possible via isomer selection based on narrow-band laser frequency scanning. The alpha-particle and gamma-ray energies have been determined with greater precision. New alpha-particle and. gamma-ray energies are identified. Branching ratios in the decay of Po-195 and Pb-191 have been examined.
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| 7. |
- Seliverstov, M. D., et al.
(författare)
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Charge radii of odd-A Po191-211 isotopes
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 719:4-5, s. 362-366
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Isotope shifts have been measured for the odd-A polonium isotopes Po191-211 and changes in the nuclear mean square charge radii delta < r(2 >) have been deduced. The measurements were performed at CERN-ISOLDE using the in-source resonance-ionization spectroscopy technique. The combined analysis of these data and our recent results for even-A polonium isotopes indicates an onset of deformation already at Po-197,Po-198, when going away from stability. This is significantly earlier than was suggested by previous theoretical and experimental studies of the polonium isotopes. Moreover and in contrast to the mercury isotopes, where a strong odd-even staggering of the charge radii of the ground states was observed by approaching the neutron mid-shell at N = 104, no such effect is present in polonium down to Po-191. Consequently the charge radii of both isomeric and ground states of the odd-A polonium isotopes follow the same trend as the even-A isotopes.
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| 8. |
- Seliverstov, M. D., et al.
(författare)
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Electromagnetic moments of odd-A Po-193-203,Po-211 isotopes
- 2014
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Ingår i: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 89:3, s. 034323-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hyperfine splitting parameters have been measured for the neutron-deficient odd-mass polonium isotopes and isomers Po-193-203(g,m), Po-209,Po-211. The measurement was performed at the ISOLDE (CERN) online mass separator using the in-source resonance ionization spectroscopy technique. The magnetic dipole moments mu and spectroscopic electric quadrupole moments Q(S) have been deduced. Their implication for the understanding of nuclear structure in the vicinity of the closed proton shell at Z = 82 and the neutron mid-shell at N = 104 is discussed. For the most neutron-deficient nuclei (A = 193,195,197), a deviation of mu and QS from the nearly constant values for heavier polonium nuclei was observed. Particle-plus-rotor calculations with static oblate deformation describe the electromagnetic moments for these nuclei well, provided a gradual increase of a mean deformation when going to lighter masses is assumed for the polonium nuclei with A < 198.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Pauwels, D., et al.
(författare)
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Gamow-Teller decay population of Ni-64 levels in the decay of 1(+) Co-64
- 2012
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Ingår i: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 86:6, s. 064318-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Co-64 beta-decay feeding levels in the well-studied Ni-64 nucleus were investigated. Whereas the previously known Co-64 decay scheme merely contained 2 gamma rays, the decay scheme established in this work contains 18, of which 5 are observed in this work and 6 were previously observed in an (n, gamma) study but not placed in the Ni-64 level scheme. Surprisingly, one additional level-placed at an excitation energy of 3578.7 keV-could be determined. The observed beta-decay paths involve allowed nu f(5/2) -> pi f(7/2) and nu p(1/2) -> pi p(3/2) transitions. Three strongly fed levels around 4 MeV are interpreted to possess possible proton-intruder character.
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| 11. |
- Radulov, D., et al.
(författare)
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beta decay of Mn-61 to levels in Fe-61
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - : American Physical Society. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 88:1, s. 014307-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A detailed beta-decay study of Mn-61 is presented, yielding extended information on the level structure of Fe-61. Pure beams were obtained at ISOLDE, CERN, after selective laser ionization and mass separation of fission products from the bombardment of a UCx target by 1.4-GeV protons. The beta and gamma information was detected by two MiniBall clusters and three Delta E plastic scintillators. The new Mn-61 decay scheme reveals 48 gamma transitions, distributed over 20 excited states. A comparison to the decay scheme of Mn-59 and excited states in Fe-59 is made. Shell-model calculations with two different interactions are performed in order to compare the nuclear structure of the two neighboring odd-A iron isotopes. Tentative spin and parities of several excited states in Fe-61 are assigned on the basis of beta-decay feeding patterns in both Fe-59,Fe-61 and of results from the theoretical shell-model calculations.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Fedosseev, V. N., et al.
(författare)
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Upgrade of the resonance ionization laser ion source at ISOLDE on-line isotope separation facility : New lasers and new ion beams
- 2012
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Ingår i: Review of Scientific Instruments. - : AIP Publishing. - 0034-6748 .- 1089-7623. ; 82:2, s. 02A903-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The resonance ionization laser ion source (RILIS) produces beams for the majority of experiments at the ISOLDE on-line isotope separator. A substantial improvement in RILIS performance has been achieved through a series of upgrade steps: replacement of the copper vapor lasers by a Nd:YAG laser; replacement of the old homemade dye lasers by new commercial dye lasers; installation of a complementary Ti:Sapphire laser system. The combined dye and Ti:Sapphire laser system with harmonics is capable of generating beams at any wavelength in the range of 210-950 nm. In total, isotopes of 31 different elements have been selectively laser-ionized and separated at ISOLDE, including recently developed beams of samarium, praseodymium, polonium, and astatine.
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| 14. |
- Brockmann, K., et al.
(författare)
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Association between CSF alpha-synuclein seeding activity and genetic status in Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies
- 2021
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Ingår i: Acta Neuropathologica Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2051-5960. ; 9:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The clinicopathological heterogeneity in Lewy-body diseases (LBD) highlights the need for pathology-driven biomarkers in-vivo. Misfolded alpha-synuclein (alpha-Syn) is a lead candidate based on its crucial role in disease pathophysiology. Real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) analysis of CSF has recently shown high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of misfolded alpha-Syn in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). In this study we performed the CSF RT-QuIC assay in 236 PD and 49 DLB patients enriched for different genetic forms with mutations in GBA, parkin, PINK1, DJ1, and LRRK2. A subgroup of 100 PD patients was also analysed longitudinally. We correlated kinetic seeding parameters of RT-QuIC with genetic status and CSF protein levels of molecular pathways linked to alpha-Syn proteostasis. Overall, 85% of PD and 86% of DLB patients showed positive RT-QuIC alpha-Syn seeding activity. Seeding profiles were significantly associated with mutation status across the spectrum of genetic LBD. In PD patients, we detected positive alpha-Syn seeding in 93% of patients carrying severe GBA mutations, in 78% with LRRK2 mutations, in 59% carrying heterozygous mutations in recessive genes, and in none of those with bi-allelic mutations in recessive genes. Among PD patients, those with severe GBA mutations showed the highest seeding activity based on RT-QuIC kinetic parameters and the highest proportion of samples with 4 out of 4 positive replicates. In DLB patients, 100% with GBA mutations showed positive alpha-Syn seeding compared to 79% of wildtype DLB. Moreover, we found an association between alpha-Syn seeding activity and reduced CSF levels of proteins linked to alpha-Syn proteostasis, specifically lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 and neurosecretory protein VGF. These findings highlight the value of alpha-Syn seeding activity as an in-vivo marker of Lewy-body pathology and support its use for patient stratification in clinical trials targeting alpha-Syn.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Hunsicker, Mary E., et al.
(författare)
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Functional responses and scaling in predator-prey interactions of marine fishes : contemporary issues and emerging concepts
- 2011
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Ingår i: Ecology Letters. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1461-023X .- 1461-0248. ; 14:12, s. 1288-1299
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Predatorprey interactions are a primary structuring force vital to the resilience of marine communities and sustainability of the worlds oceans. Human influences on marine ecosystems mediate changes in species interactions. This generality is evinced by the cascading effects of overharvesting top predators on the structure and function of marine ecosystems. It follows that ecological forecasting, ecosystem management, and marine spatial planning require a better understanding of food web relationships. Characterising and scaling predatorprey interactions for use in tactical and strategic tools (i.e. multi-species management and ecosystem models) are paramount in this effort. Here, we explore what issues are involved and must be considered to advance the use of predatorprey theory in the context of marine fisheries science. We address pertinent contemporary ecological issues including (1) the approaches and complexities of evaluating predator responses in marine systems; (2) the scaling up of predatorprey interactions to the population, community, and ecosystem level; (3) the role of predatorprey theory in contemporary fisheries and ecosystem modelling approaches; and (4) directions for the future. Our intent is to point out needed research directions that will improve our understanding of predatorprey interactions in the context of the sustainable marine fisheries and ecosystem management.
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| 18. |
- Nilsson, C. L., et al.
(författare)
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Chromosome 19 Annotations with Disease Speciation: A First Report from the Global Research Consortium
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Proteome Research. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1535-3893 .- 1535-3907. ; 12:1, s. 134-149
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A first research development progress report of the Chromosome 19 Consortium with members from Sweden, Norway, Spain, United States, China and India, a part of the Chromosome-centric Human Proteome Project (C-HPP) global initiative, is presented (http://www.c-hpp.org). From the chromosome 19 peptide-targeted library constituting 6159 peptides, a pilot study was conducted using a subset with 125 isotope-labeled peptides. We applied an annotation strategy with triple quadrupole, ESI-Qtrap, and MALDI mass spectrometry platforms, comparing the quality of data within and in between these instrumental set-ups. LC–MS conditions were outlined by multiplex assay developments, followed by MRM assay developments. SRM was applied to biobank samples, quantifying kallikrein 3 (prostate specific antigen) in plasma from prostate cancer patients. The antibody production has been initiated for more than 1200 genes from the entire chromosome 19, and the progress developments are presented. We developed a dedicated transcript microarray to serve as the mRNA identifier by screening cancer cell lines. NAPPA protein arrays were built to align with the transcript data with the Chromosome 19 NAPPA chip, dedicated to 90 proteins, as the first development delivery. We have introduced an IT-infrastructure utilizing a LIMS system that serves as the key interface for the research teams to share and explore data generated within the project. The cross-site data repository will form the basis for sample processing, including biological samples as well as patient samples from national Biobanks.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Bendz, H., et al.
(författare)
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Kidney damage in long-term lithium patients : A cross-sectional study of patients with 15 years or more on lithium
- 1994
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Ingår i: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation. - 0931-0509. ; 9:9, s. 1357-1357
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The renal risks associated with long-term lithium treatment are a growing concern. We have therefore studied renal function by means of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and maximum urinary concentrating capacity (Umax) in 142 of 215 patients with more than 15 years of lithium treatment in nine psychiatric clinics. Data on psychiatric and somatic diseases, hospital admissions, cumulative lithium doses, and other psychotropic treatments were extracted from the medical records. The patients were investigated according to a standardized protocol. GFR was measured as51Cr EDTA clearance and Umax using the DDAVP test. Thirteen patients had had signs of lithium intoxication. GFR was reduced in 21% of the patients and Umax in 44%. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus was present in 12%. Umax but not GFR was inversely correlated to the cumulative lithium dose. Kidney function was more reduced in patients on lithium combined with psychotropic treatment and/or concomitant treatment for somatic disorders. Thirst was a complaint of 53% of the patients, predominantly those with additional psychotropics. We conclude that kidney damage is common in patients on long-term lithium treatment and that both glomerular and tubular function are affected.
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| 22. |
- Fernández-Benito, A., et al.
(författare)
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Multifunctional metal-free rechargeable polymer composite nanoparticles boosted by CO2
- 2020
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Ingår i: Materials Today Sustainability. - : Elsevier BV. - 2589-2347. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Herein, we present a multigram scale-up route for the preparation of novel polymer composite nanoparticles as potential multifunctional rechargeable material for future, sustainable batteries. The nanoparticles (20 nm) comprise three innocuous yet functional interpenetrated macromolecular networks: polypyrrole, methylcellulose, and lignin. They are uniquely assembled in strands or chains (∌200 nm) such as necklace beads and show long-term stability as water dispersion. We find that an aqueous suspension of this hierarchical nanomaterial shows two sets of reversible redox peaks, separated by ∌600 mV, originating from the catechol moieties present in the lignin biopolymer. Remarkably, the addition of carbon dioxide increased the capacity of one of the redox processes by 500%. Importantly, the three redox stages occur in the presence of the same nanostructured polymer so being a potentially bifunctional material to be used in advanced electrochemical systems. The new properties are attributed to an intrinsic chemical and electronic coupling at the nanoscale among the different building blocks of the metal-free polymer composite and the structural rearrangement of the interpenetrated polymer network by the incorporation of CO2. We have provided both a new electrochemically multifunctional hierarchically structured material and a facile route that could lead to novel sustainable energy applications.
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| 23. |
- Hellsten, Y, et al.
(författare)
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Allantoin formation and urate and glutathione exchange in human muscle during submaximal exercise.
- 2001
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Ingår i: Free Radical Biology & Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0891-5849 .- 1873-4596. ; 31:11, s. 1313-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Seven males performed two exhaustive cycling bouts (EX1 and EX2) at a work-rate of 90% of maximal oxygen uptake, separated by 60 min. During EX1 there was a significant accumulation of urate (from 0.16 +/- 0.02 to 0.27 +/- 0.03 micromol/kg d.w.) and allantoin (from 0.39 +/- 0.05 to 0.69 +/- 0.14 micromol/kg d.w.) in the muscle. An uptake of urate was observed in early recovery from EX1 (0-9 min: 486 +/- 136 micromol; p <.05). There was no exchange of total glutathione or cysteine over the muscle either during or after exercise, and muscle and plasma total glutathione remained unaltered (p <.05). The glycogen levels were lowered by 40% at the onset of EX2, yet the level of oxidative stress in EX1 and EX2 was similar as evidenced by a similar increase in muscle allantoin in both exercise bouts. The data suggest that urate is utilized as antioxidant in human skeletal muscle and that reactive oxygen species are formed in muscle during intense submaximal exercise. No net exchange of glutathione appears to occur over the muscle either at rest, during exercise or in recovery. Moreover, when an exhaustive exercise bout is repeated with lowered glycogen levels, the level of oxidative stress is not different than that of the first bout.
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| 24. |
- Hesselson, Stephanie E, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic variation in the proximal promoter of ABC and SLC superfamilies : liver and kidney specific expression and promoter activity predict variation
- 2009
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 4:9, s. e6942-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Membrane transporters play crucial roles in the cellular uptake and efflux of an array of small molecules including nutrients, environmental toxins, and many clinically used drugs. We hypothesized that common genetic variation in the proximal promoter regions of transporter genes contribute to observed variation in drug response. A total of 579 polymorphisms were identified in the proximal promoters (-250 to +50 bp) and flanking 5' sequence of 107 transporters in the ATP Binding Cassette (ABC) and Solute Carrier (SLC) superfamilies in 272 DNA samples from ethnically diverse populations. Many transporter promoters contained multiple common polymorphisms. Using a sliding window analysis, we observed that, on average, nucleotide diversity (pi) was lowest at approximately 300 bp upstream of the transcription start site, suggesting that this region may harbor important functional elements. The proximal promoters of transporters that were highly expressed in the liver had greater nucleotide diversity than those that were highly expressed in the kidney consistent with greater negative selective pressure on the promoters of kidney transporters. Twenty-one promoters were evaluated for activity using reporter assays. Greater nucleotide diversity was observed in promoters with strong activity compared to promoters with weak activity, suggesting that weak promoters are under more negative selective pressure than promoters with high activity. Collectively, these results suggest that the proximal promoter region of membrane transporters is rich in variation and that variants in these regions may play a role in interindividual variation in drug disposition and response.
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| 25. |
- Koester, U., et al.
(författare)
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In-source laser spectroscopy of (75,77,78)Cu : Direct evidence for a change in the quasiparticle energy sequence in (75,77)Cu and an absence of longer-lived isomers in (78)Cu
- 2011
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Ingår i: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 84:3, s. 034320-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes measurements on the isotopes (75,77,78)Cu by the technique of in-source laser spectroscopy, at the ISOLDE facility, CERN. The role of this technique is briefly discussed in the context of this and other, higher resolution, methods applied to copper isotopes in the range (57-78)Cu. The data, analyzed in comparison with previous results on the lighter isotopes (59,63)Cu, establish the ground-state nuclear spin of (75,77)Cu as 5/2 and yield their magnetic dipole moments as +1.01(5)mu(N) and +1.61(5)mu(N), respectively. The results on (78)Cu show no evidence for long-lived isomerism at this mass number and are consistent with a spin in the range 3-6 and moment of 0.0(4) mu(N).
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| 26. |
- Loni, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
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Designing compact convolutional neural network for embedded stereo vision systems
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 2018 IEEE 12th International Symposium on Embedded Multicore/Many-Core Systems-on-Chip, MCSoC 2018. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781538666890 ; , s. 244-251
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autonomous systems are used in a wide range of domains from indoor utensils to autonomous robot surgeries and self-driving cars. Stereo vision cameras probably are the most flexible sensing way in these systems since they can extract depth, luminance, color, and shape information. However, stereo vision based applications suffer from huge image sizes and computational complexity leading system to higher power consumption. To tackle these challenges, in the first step, GIMME2 stereo vision system [1] is employed. GIMME2 is a high-throughput and cost efficient FPGA-based stereo vision embedded system. In the next step, we present a framework for designing an optimized Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) for time constraint applications and/or limited resource budget platforms. Our framework tries to automatically generate a highly robust DCNN architecture for image data receiving from stereo vision cameras. Our proposed framework takes advantage of a multi-objective evolutionary optimization approach to design a near-optimal network architecture for both the accuracy and network size objectives. Unlike recent works aiming to generate a highly accurate network, we also considered the network size parameters to build a highly compact architecture. After designing a robust network, our proposed framework maps generated network on a multi/many core heterogeneous System-on-Chip (SoC). In addition, we have integrated our framework to the GIMME2 processing pipeline such that it can also estimate the distance of detected objects. The generated network by our framework offers up to 24x compression rate while losing only 5% accuracy compare to the best result on the CIFAR-10 dataset.
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| 27. |
- Marsh, B. A., et al.
(författare)
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The ISOLDE RILIS pump laser upgrade and the LARIS Laboratory
- 2010
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Ingår i: Hyperfine Interactions. - : Springer Nature. - 0304-3843 .- 1572-9540. ; 196:1-3, s. 129-141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- On account of its high efficiency, speed and unmatched selectivity, the Resonance Ionization Laser Ion Source (RILIS) is the preferred method for ionizing the nuclear reaction products at the ISOLDE on-line isotope separator facility. By exploiting the unique electronic energy level 'fingerprint' of a chosen element, the RILIS process of laser step-wise resonance ionization enables an ion beam of high chemical purity to be sent through the mass selective separator magnet. The isobaric purity of a beam of a chosen isotope is therefore greatly increased. The RILIS, comprising of up to three frequency tunable pulsed dye lasers has been upgraded with the installation of a Nd:YAG pump laser as a replacement for the old Copper Vapor Laser (CVL) system. A summary of the current Nd:YAG pumped RILIS performance is given. To accompany the RILIS pump laser upgrade, a new ionization scheme for manganese has been developed at the newly constructed LAser Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy (LARIS) laboratory and successfully applied for on-line RILIS operation. An overview of the LARIS facility is given along with details of the ionization scheme development work for manganese.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Babst, Benjamin A, et al.
(författare)
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Local and systemic transcriptome responses to herbivory and jasmonic acid in Populus
- 2009
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Ingår i: The Genetics & Genomes. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1614-2942 .- 1614-2950. ; 5:3, s. 459-474
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We used DNA microarrays to examine local and systemic transcriptional responses to herbivory by gypsy moth larvae (GM) and exogenous jasmonic acid (JAtrt) in leaves of Populus nigra L. to identify candidate signaling and defense genes and also to examine primary metabolism, as might relate to tolerance of damage. GM and JAtrt altered expression of over 800 genes, most of which have putative roles in defense signaling, secondary metabolism, and primary metabolism. Additionally, numerous uncharacterized genes responded to herbivory, providing a rich resource for future studies. There was limited overlap (14%) between the responses to GM and JAtrt. GM did, however, result in strong upregulation of genes involved not only in JA biosynthesis but also abscisic acid biosynthesis and other signaling pathways. GM induced known resistance transcripts, including polyphenolic biosynthetic genes, proteinase inhibitors, and amino acid deaminases. According to GOStats pathway level analysis, GM altered primary metabolism, including aromatic amino acid biosynthesis, fatty acid β-oxidation, and carbohydrate and organic acid metabolism. These alterations may be related to increased demands for substrate for secondary metabolites or may serve a tolerance-related role. Responses were more intense locally in treated leaves than in untreated (systemic) leaves and systemic responses were mostly a subset of the genes induced locally. A stronger local response might be needed to cope with localized stresses and wound healing. Since Populus in general and this clone in particular are known for their systemic induced resistance, genes induced both locally and systemically may be the highest quality candidates for resistance.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Karlsson, E., et al.
(författare)
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Scaffolding of a bacterial genome using MinION nanopore sequencing
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Second generation sequencing has revolutionized genomic studies. However, most genomes contain repeated DNA elements that are longer than the read lengths achievable with typical sequencers, so the genomic order of several generated contigs cannot be easily resolved. A new generation of sequencers offering substantially longer reads is emerging, notably the Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) RS II system and the MinION system, released in early 2014 by Oxford Nanopore Technologies through an early access program. The latter has highly advantageous portability and sequences samples by measuring changes in ionic current when single-stranded DNA molecules are translocated through nanopores. We show that the MinION system produces long reads with high mapability that can be used for scaffolding bacterial genomes, despite currently producing substantially higher error rates than PacBio reads. With further development we anticipate that MinION will be useful not only for assembling genomes, but also for rapid detection of organisms, potentially in the field.
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| 33. |
- Lerche, S., et al.
(författare)
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CSF Protein Level of Neurotransmitter Secretion, Synaptic Plasticity, and Autophagy in PD and DLB
- 2021
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Ingår i: Movement Disorders. - : Wiley. - 0885-3185 .- 1531-8257. ; 36:11, s. 2595-2604
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Molecular pathways associated with alpha-synuclein proteostasis have been detected in genetic studies and in cell models and include autophagy, ubiquitin-proteasome system, mitochondrial homeostasis, and synaptic plasticity. However, we lack biomarkers that are representative for these pathways in human biofluids. Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate CSF protein profiles of pathways related to alpha-synuclein proteostasis. Methods We assessed CSF protein profiles associated with neurotransmitter secretion, synapse plasticity, and autophagy in 2 monocentric cohorts with alpha-synucleinopathy (385 PD patients and 67 DLB patients). We included 80 PD patients and 17 DLB patients with variants in the glucocerebrosidase gene to serve as proxy for accelerated alpha-synuclein pathology with pronounced clinical trajectories. Results (1) Proteins associated with neurotransmitter secretion, synaptic plasticity, and endolysosomal autophagy were lower in PD and DLB patients compared with healthy controls. (2) These patterns were more pronounced in DLB than in PD patients, accentuated by GBA variant status in both entities. (3) CSF levels of these proteins were positively associated with CSF levels of total alpha-synuclein, with lower levels of proteostasis proteins related to lower levels of total alpha-synuclein. (4) These findings could be confirmed longitudinally. PD patients with low CSF profiles of proteostasis proteins showed lower CSF levels of alpha-synuclein longitudinally compared with PD patients with a normal proteostasis profile. Conclusion CSF proteins associated with neurotransmitter secretion, synaptic plasticity, and endolysosomal autophagy might serve as biomarkers related to alpha-synuclein proteostasis in PD and DLB. (c) 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
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| 34. |
- Lowe, A. J., et al.
(författare)
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Cerebrospinal fluid endo-lysosomal proteins as potential biomarkers for Huntington's disease
- 2020
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Ingår i: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 15:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Molecular markers derived from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) represent an accessible means of exploring the pathobiology of Huntington's disease (HD) in vivo. The endo-lysosomal/autophagy system is dysfunctional in HD, potentially contributing to disease pathogenesis and representing a potential target for therapeutic intervention. Several endo-lysosomal proteins have shown promise as biomarkers in other neurodegenerative diseases; however, they have yet to be fully explored in HD. We performed parallel reaction monitoring mass spectrometry analysis (PRM-MS) of multiple endo-lysosomal proteins in the CSF of 60 HD mutation carriers and 20 healthy controls. Using generalised linear models controlling for age and CAG, none of the 18 proteins measured displayed significant differences in concentration between HD patients and controls. This was affirmed by principal component analysis, in which no significant difference across disease stage was found in any of the three components representing lysosomal hydrolases, binding/transfer proteins and innate immune system/peripheral proteins. However, several proteins were associated with measures of disease severity and cognition: most notably amyloid precursor protein, which displayed strong correlations with composite Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale, UHDRS Total Functional Capacity, UHDRS Total Motor Score, Symbol Digit Modalities Test and Stroop Word Reading. We conclude that although endo-lysosomal proteins are unlikely to have value as disease state CSF biomarkers for Huntington's disease, several proteins demonstrate associations with clinical severity, thus warranting further, targeted exploration and validation in larger, longitudinal samples.
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| 35. |
- Melin, Anna K., Assistant Professor, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Energy availability and the female athlete triad in elite endurance athletes
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0905-7188 .- 1600-0838. ; 25:5, s. 610-622
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The female athlete triad (Triad), links low energy availability (EA), with menstrual dysfunction (MD), and impaired bone health. The aims of this study were to examine associations between EA/MD and energy metabolism and the prevalence of Triad-associated conditions in endurance athletes. Forty women [26.2 +/- 5.5 years, body mass index (BMI) 20.6 +/- 2.0 kg/m(2), body fat 20.0 +/- 3.0%], exercising 11.4 +/- 4.5 h/week, were recruited from national teams and competitive clubs. Protocol included gynecological examination; assessment of bone health; indirect respiratory calorimetry; diet and exercise measured 7 days to assess EA; eating disorder (ED) examination; blood analysis. Subjects with low/reduced EA (< 45 kcal/kg FFM/day), had lower resting metabolic rate (RMR) compared with those with optimal EA [28.4 +/- 2.0 kcal/kg fat-free mass (FFM)/day vs 30.5 +/- 2.2 kcal/kg FFM/day, P < 0.01], as did subjects with MD compared with eumenorrheic subjects (28.6 +/- 2.4 kcal/kg FFM/day vs 30.2 +/- 1.8 kcal/kg FFM/day, P < 0.05). 63% had low/reduced EA, 25% ED, 60% MD, 45% impaired bone health, and 23% had all three Triad conditions. 53% had low RMR, 25% hypercholesterolemia, and 38% hypoglycemia. Conclusively, athletes with low/reduced EA and/or MD had lowered RMR. Triad-associated conditions were common in this group of athletes, despite a normal BMI range. The high prevalence of ED, MD, and impaired bone health emphasizes the importance of prevention, early detection, and treatment of energy deficiency.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Owers, Katharine A., et al.
(författare)
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Adaptation to infectious disease exposure in indigenous Southern African populations
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. - : ROYAL SOC. - 0962-8452 .- 1471-2954. ; 284:1852
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genetic analyses can provide information about human evolutionary history that cannot always be gleaned from other sources. We evaluated evidence of selective pressure due to introduced infectious diseases in the genomes of two indigenous southern African San groups-the double dagger Khomani who had abundant contact with other people migrating into the region and the more isolated Ju vertical bar'hoansi. We used a dual approach to test for increased selection on immune genes compared with the rest of the genome in these groups. First, we calculated summary values of statistics that measure genomic signatures of adaptation to contrast selection signatures in immune genes and all genes. Second, we located regions of the genome with extreme values of three selection statistics and examined these regions for enrichment of immune genes. We found stronger and more abundant signals of selection in immune genes in the double dagger Khomani than in the Ju vertical bar'hoansi. We confirm this finding within each population to avoid effects of different demographic histories of the two populations. We identified eight immune genes that have potentially been targets of strong selection in the double dagger Khomani, whereas in the Juj'hoansi, no immune genes were found in the genomic regions with the strongest signals of selection. We suggest that the more abundant signatures of selection at immune genes in the double dagger Khomani could be explained by their more frequent contact with immigrant groups, which likely led to increased exposure and adaptation to introduced infectious diseases.
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