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| 2. |
- Brege, Harald, 1988-
(författare)
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Exploring Proactive Market Strategies : How Proactivity Shapes Value-Creation
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In discussions of firm strategy, proactivity is often mentioned as an enabler of effective goal accomplishment and high performance. However, it is rarely explained what, more precisely, being more proactive actually entails, or even indeed defined what is meant by the term ‘proactivity’ in this particular context. This dissertation seeks to investigate proactivity and its role in shaping firms’ market strategies. From prior research on proactivity in the strategic marketing domain, we know that proactive firms, on average, develop more radical innovation, are better at managing complex and highly competitive environments, and seem to achieve higher business performance. However, few, if any, of these prior studies properly define proactivity and take a more holistic perspective on its impact on firms’ market strategies.In this dissertation I propose a definition of proactivity through three main proactive characteristics: being future-oriented, taking the initiative, and driving change. Thus, a proactive firm does not wait for things to happen and then react to those events. Instead, it keeps a long-term horizon on its scanning for market intelligence and takes action before things happen, in order to create the change needed to improve its situation. While certainly not all proactive actions are successes, particularly not if the firm lacks proper awareness of the situation or exceeds its capabilities in its striving to shape events, proactive firms do have access to a broader set of opportunities than their less proactive competitors.To understand how proactivity influences market strategies, it is first necessary to understand market strategy itself a bit closer. I define market strategies as firms’ strategies for creating customer value. According to the market orientation literature, the basis of achieving long-term high firm performance is to consistently provide customers with superior value to that of the competition. Thus, firms’ market strategies are squarely at the center of their efforts to become more successful. To study these strategies and the effects they have, it is necessary to go beyond strategy documents and study the actual activities that firms perform to implement them. A market strategy, in my conceptualization, can thus be perceived as a coherent set of activities aimed at fulfilling certain goals, leading to the creation of customer value. These activities can then be further categorized according to the strategic orientations that drive the firm’s strategy-making, with customer orientation, competition orientation and innovation orientation being the orientations that have the most impact on market strategies.From this conceptual foundation, the dissertation takes four different approaches to investigating proactive market strategies, each presented in one of the four appended papers. In the first paper, a conceptual typology of different types of market strategies based on different value-creation logics – which are the combinations of responsiveness and proactivity that influence a firm’s value-creation efforts – is presented. In the second paper, the market strategies of five proactive firms are investigated to find three generic proactive market strategies, each representing a typical way for firms to employ proactivity in their market strategies. The third paper uses fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis to investigate the configurations of proactivity, market environment and different market strategies that consistently lead to high market-strategic effectiveness. Finally, the fourth paper goes more in-depth in exploring the activities that firms employ to create value for customers, with particular focus on the different activities that are performed during different stages of contact with a customer.Through this thorough investigation of proactive market strategies, this dissertation presents a holistic view of proactivity and its impact on firms’ market strategies and their associated activities. As this is the first proper holistic view of proactivity in market strategy and also the first attempt to properly define proactivity in the market-strategic context, the dissertation also provides directions for future research.
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| 3. |
- Hedbom, Daniel, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Influences of secondary building unit and linker functionalization on the surface properties of metal-organic framework materials: Gas sorption of SF6
- 2024
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Ingår i: ACS Spring 2024New Orleans, Louisiana & HybridMarch 17 - 21, 2024. - New Orleans, La : American Chemical Society (ACS).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions pose a serious threat to our environment. Therefore, the development of efficient systems to mitigate these issues is of utmost importance. In recent years, Sulphur hexafluoride (SF ) has garnered increasing attention due to its global warming potential, which greatly exceeds that of CO2 on a 100-year scale.These studies were undertaken to investigate SF6 sorption in novel metal-organic framework materials (MOFs)and how their components affect their function. First, the influence of secondary building units on coordination and sorption properties (SBUs) of SF6 on Ytterbium, Thulium, Cerium and Hafnium 1,3,6,8-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl) pyrene-based (TBAPy4−) MOFs was investigated. Secondly, the possibility of altering surface-chemical properties by pre-synthesis fluorination/amination of UIO-67/68 isostructures was studied.In the first case, the SF6 sorption properties of four novel, highly porous 1,3,6,8-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)pyrene-based (TBAPy4−) MOFs containing either Ytterbium, Thulium or Cerium all in the +3-oxidation state, orHafnium (+4) was studied. Pore size effects, coordination-effects on structure, and gas sportive propertieswere investigated and found to change and in some cases improve in the case of SF6 adsorbate.In the second case, the structures remain the same throughout these different changes, maintaining the Fmmcrystallographic space group characteristic for UIO-MOFs, enabling investigation of the effect of fluorination in isolation from other possible changes. While adding one more novel material. These changes in turn cause changes in SF6 working capacity, uptake, selectivity in simulated binary mixtures and isothermal enthalpy of adsorption. The influence of specific surface area on the isosteric enthalpy of adsorption revealed differences between functionalities.There is a multi-faceted purpose in these studies. The creation of novel structures contributes to the basic science and understanding of MOFs in general. There is the proposed use of MOFs as swing adsorption adsorbents and in CCUS or more specifically, SF6 sorption. In addition to these purposes, the insight into these material properties can pave the road to more advanced interactions downstream, such as direct air capture of water, in-site catalysis or similar applications. These diverse applications each have intricacies that can be addressed within MOFs and the scientific groundwork surrounding them.
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| 4. |
- Lidskog, Rolf, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Extreme events and climate change : The post-disasters dynamics of forest fires and forest storms in Sweden
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 31:2, s. 148-155
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- How are extreme events understood in the forest sector? What are the implications of forest professionals’ understandings and evaluations of extreme events? These questions are central to this study, which analyses the handling of the largest forest storm and the largest forest fire in modern Swedish history. The theoretical approach is that of risk governance in practice, which stresses that understanding the framings, practices and strategies used by members of professional organizations is pivotal for how disasters are managed. Two interview studies have been conducted with forest professionals involved in the two cases. The analysis shows that there were fundamentally different understandings of the two events and their implications for forestry practice. The storm was seen as an unavoidable natural disaster, but the consequences of future storms were considered possible to mitigate through changed forest practices. The forest fire, on the other hand, was conceptualized as a partly natural and partly man-made disaster, and forestry was seen as having very limited possibilities to reduce the likelihood as well as the consequences of similar events. The different understandings had significant implications for the post-disasterdynamics and for which management practices that were developed. Thus, understanding howextreme events are perceived is crucial to understanding which management practices thatemerge in their wake, a topic of growing relevance because climate change is predicted toincrease the frequency of forest fires and storms.
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| 5. |
- Lidskog, Rolf, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Risk governance through professional expertise : forestry consultants’ handling of uncertainties after a storm disaster
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Risk Research. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1366-9877 .- 1466-4461. ; 19:10, s. 1275-1290
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- How do forestry consultants provide advice when facing a situation of great uncertainty? This question serves as the point of departure in analyzing how forestry consultants provide guidance in extreme situations. Three empirical cases are analyzed, all related to a storm that caused the most severe damage in Swedish history. The first case concerns how forestry consultants handled the immediate uncertainties in their advice on how to manage the windthrow. The second case concerns how they handled the risks associated with the large-scale timber depots that resulted from the decision to transport all windthrown trees away from the forest. The third case concerns how forestry consultants handled uncertainties regarding the reforestation of the area. Whereas there was discursive closure in the two first cases, and the forest owners followed the recommendations made by the forestry consultants, there was no discursive closure in the third case, resulting in the forest owners deciding against the advice provided by the consultants. In conclusion, this result is explained with reference to the epistemic authority and embodied knowledge of the forestry consultants.
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| 6. |
- Lidskog, Rolf, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Time, knowledge, and risk : Decision making in the aftermath of storm disasters
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters. - : International Sociological Association (ISA). - 0280-7270. ; 33:3, s. 341-359
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Responses to disasters and crises are often characterized by decisions made in situations of urgency and uncertainty. Decisions are often made under time constraints and without full knowledge of the consequences of the available options. This paper investigates the role of time and knowledge in the practical governance of disasters and crises. It empirically examines the sense-making and risk governance practices developed in response to the consequences of two detrimental storms that affected a forest area in Sweden. The data were gathered in an interview study of forest advisors at a public agency, forest associations, and private companies. The analysis indicates that the actors’ adjustments to their perception of available time (time regime) and the accessibility of knowledge (desktop knowledge) explain how certain risk governing practices evolved. Thus, of greatest significance is not what is known and unknown but who knows what and when.
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| 7. |
- Lidskog, Rolf, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Unintended consequences and risk(y) thinking : The shaping of consequences and responsibilities in relation to environmental disasters
- 2018
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 10:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Unintended consequences have long been central for the social sciences. But, the development of risk analysis and the adoption of risk language have substantial implications for how to understand and evaluate unintended consequences. Claims can now be raised that unintended consequences should have been foreseen and other options chosen. This situation constitutes the starting point for this paper, which develops an understanding of unintended consequences, in particular, in relation to environmental disasters. It draws on Robert Merton's classic work on unanticipated consequences, but refines and further develops it by fertilizing it with findings from risk sociology and framing theory. A particular case of a human-caused disaster, a severewildfire, is analyzed to illustrate and expand the understanding of unintended consequences. The empirical material consists of a postal survey to everyone directly affected by the wildfire (N = 960 individuals). The empirical results of this analysis are then explained and used to improve the understanding of unintended consequences, by showing how the context and framing of the disaster heavily affected the evaluation of its consequences, including unintended ones.
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| 8. |
- Lidskog, Rolf, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Why do forest owners fail to heed warning? : conflicting risk evaluations made by the Swedish forestagency and forest owners
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 29:3, s. 275-282
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the aftermath of a hurricane in Sweden thatfelled some 250 million trees, the Swedish Forest Agency advised forest ownersto reduce forest vulnerability by planting different tree species. This paperanalyses why forest owners failed to heed the Forest Agency’s recommendation,thereby reproducing a forest vulnerable to storms. This paper focuses on thedeliberations and risk evaluations of forest owners when deciding which treespecies to plant. The analysis identifies three main categories of reasoningthat guided the forest owners’ decision-making process: short-term economicreasoning caused by the pressing situation they faced; an understanding ofwindstorms as natural catastrophes that are impossible to influence; and theuncertainties associated with alternative forest management practices.Furthermore, given their risk-averse strategy, their approach to understandingand coping with uncertainty was crucial in determining their responses. Thispaper concludes that the forest owners primarily employed experience-based,practical and embodied knowledge, implying that abstract risks and theoreticalknowledge regarding future developments were not deemed relevant. An additionalconclusion is that even if a huge storm felling shows the need to change forestmanagement practice, it does not provide the most favourable social conditionsfor achieving change.
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| 9. |
- Lidskog, Rolf, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Wildfires, responsibility and trust : public understanding of Sweden’s largest wildfire
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 34:4, s. 319-328
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wildfires present a growing risk to many countries, and climate change is likely to exacerbate this risk. This study analyzes how people directly affected by a wildfire understand its causes and consequences, as well as the future risk of wildfires. The point of departure is that social understanding of wildfires has an important influence on the consequences that emerge in the wake of a wildfire. The empirical case analyzed here is the largest forest fire in modern Swedish history, and the material basis of the study is a postal survey to all individuals directly affected by the fire. The results revealed a complex picture of the respondents’ understanding of the wildfire. Even if the fire was human caused, there was little blame toward forest companies and fire departments. Many positive consequences, such as a long-term increase in biodiversity, were attached to the disaster, and there was a belief that organizations will learn from it and take action to limit wildfires in the future. Simultaneously, the majority of the respondents believed that climate change may lead to an increased risk of forest fires in the future. These findings illustrate the complexity of people's perceptions of the fire and its aftermath.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Sjödin, Daniel, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Family practises among Swedish parents : extracurricular activities and social class
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Societies. - : Routledge. - 1461-6696 .- 1469-8307. ; 20:5, s. 764-784
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research suggests that compared with working-class parents, middle-class parents more commonly enrol their children in organised activities with the aim of increasing their prospects of future success in education and working life. Organised activities are seen as an important contribution to the reproduction of social class. Most of previous studies originate from the UK and the US. Drawing on a Bourdieusian understanding of social class, this study contributes to the discussion by exploring class-based reasoning about extracurricular activities among Swedish parents. As a ‘social-democratic welfare regime’, Sweden provides a markedly different institutional and social context than is usually found in the literature. In the present study, interviews with 37 working-class and middle-class parents are qualitatively analysed. Findings show similarities in parents’ reasoning, indicating that Swedish parenting culture and childrearing ideals partly cross class boundaries. They also suggest, however, that the middle-class parents typically regarded extracurricular activities as more important, and enrolled their children in more activities, than the working-class parents. One group of working-class parents did not enrol their children in extracurricular activities. The contradiction between similarities emanating from dominant national cultural understandings of parenting and childrearing and dissimilarities based on class-culture socialisation is explored in this article. One tentative conclusion is that working-class parents’ lower participation levels is not only explained by cultural and financial resources, but also by limited control over working hours.
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| 12. |
- Sjödin, Martin, 1974-
(författare)
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Regulation of Proton Coupled Electron Transfer from Amino Acids in Artificial Model Systems: A Mechanistic Study
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Amino acid radicals are key redox intermediates in several natural enzymes including Cytochrome c peroxidase, DNA photolyase, ribonucletide reductase, cytochrome c oxidase and photosystem II. Electron transfer from amino acids is often coupled to deprotonation and this thesis concerns the coupling of electron transfer from tyrosine and tryptophan to trisbipyridineruthenium(III) with deprotonation in model complexes. Specifically the mechanisms for these proton coupled electron transfer reactions have been studied and the controlling parameters have been identified, the possible mechanisms being stepwise electron transfer followed by deprotonation and deprotonation followed by electron transfer or concerted electron transfer/deprotonation.Proton coupled electron transfer reactions have been studied using nano-second flash photolysis in water solution and the effect of pH, temperature, reaction driving force, deuteration and nature of the amino acid has been determined. I have shown that the rate constant for the concerted reaction depends intrinsically on the mixing entropy of the released proton and that the pH-dependence can be used as an experimental tool for mechanistic discrimination. Moreover I have shown that the concerted reaction inherently has a high reorganisation energy due to the coupling of the electron motion with deprotonation. Hydrogen bonding to the transferring proton however significantly reduces this reorganisation energy. The concerted reaction also has a relatively high driving force counteracting the high reorganisation energy in the competition between the concerted reaction and the stepwise electron transfer first reaction. The relative importance of the high reorganisation energy and the high driving force for the concerted reaction determines the mechanistic outcome of the reaction, the stepwise reaction being favoured by high over-all driving forces and the concerted reaction by high pH.By comparing my results from model complexes with tyrosineZ oxidation in photosystem II, I give strong evidence for a concerted electron transfer/deprotonation mechanism.
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| 13. |
- Srivastav, Shruti, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding Ionic Transport in Polypyrrole/Nanocellulose Composite Energy Storage Devices
- 2015
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Ingår i: Electrochimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-4686 .- 1873-3859. ; 182, s. 1145-1152
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract In this work, we aim to resolve different diffusion processes in polypyrrole/cellulose composites using a combination of impedance spectroscopy and finite element simulations. The computational model involves a coupled system of Ohm's law and Fickian diffusion to model electrode kinetics, non-linear boundary interactions at the electrode interfaces and ion transport inside the porous electrodes, thereby generating the impedance response. Composite electrodes are prepared via chemical polymerization of pyrrole on the surface of a nanocellulose fiber matrix, and the electrochemical properties are investigated experimentally using cyclic voltammetry, impedance spectroscopy and galvanostatic cycling. It is demonstrated that the onset frequency of the capacitive (or pseudocapacitive) process depends on the counter ion electrolyte diffusion, which is modulated by adding different amounts of sucrose to the aqueous electrolyte solution. Consequently, the electrochemical properties can be controlled by diffusion processes occurring at different length scales, and the critical diffusion processes can be resolved. It is shown that under normal operating conditions, the limiting process for charge transport in the device is diffusion within the electrolyte filled pores of the composite electrode.
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| 14. |
- Sundell, David, et al.
(författare)
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FlexTaxD : flexible modification of taxonomy databases for improved sequence classification
- 2021
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Ingår i: Bioinformatics. - : Oxford University Press. - 1367-4803 .- 1367-4811 .- 1460-2059. ; 37:21, s. 3932-3933
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Flexible Taxonomy Database framework provides a method for modification and merging official and custom taxonomic databases to create improved databases. Using such databases will increase accuracy and precision of existing methods to classify sequence reads.
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| 15. |
- Åkerlund, Lisa, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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In situ Investigations of a Proton Trap Material: A PEDOT-Based Copolymer with Hydroquinone and Pyridine Side Groups Having Robust Cyclability in Organic Electrolytes and Ionic Liquids
- 2019
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Ingår i: ACS Applied Energy Materials. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2574-0962. ; 2:6, s. 4486-4495
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A conducting redox polymer based on PEDOT with hydroquinone and pyridine pendant groups is reported and characterized as a proton trap material. The proton trap functionality, where protons are transferred from the hydroquinone to the pyridine sites, allows for utilization of the inherently high redox potential of the hydroquinone pendant group (3.3 V versus Li0/+) and sustains this reaction by trapping the protons within the polymer, resulting in proton cycling in an aprotic electrolyte. By disconnecting the cycling ion of the anode from the cathode, the choice of anode and electrolyte can be extensively varied and the proton trap copolymer can be used as cathode material for all-organic or metal-organic batteries. In this study, a stable and nonvolatile ionic liquid was introduced as electrolyte media, leading to enhanced cycling stability of the proton trap compared to cycling in acetonitrile, which is attributed to the decreased basicity of the solvent. Various in situ methods allowed for in-depth characterization of the polymer’s properties based on its electronic transitions (UV–vis), temperature-dependent conductivity (bipotentiostatic CV-measurements), and mass change (EQCM) during the redox cycle. Furthermore, FTIR combined with quantum chemical calculations indicate that hydrogen bonding interactions are present for all the hydroquinone and quinone states, explaining the reversible behavior of the copolymer in aprotic electrolytes, both in three-electrode setup and in battery devices. These results demonstrate the proton trap concept as an interesting strategy for high potential organic energy storage materials.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Åkerlund, Lisa, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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The Proton Trap Technology - Toward High Potential Quinone-Based Organic Energy Storage
- 2017
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Ingår i: Advanced Energy Materials. - : Wiley. - 1614-6832 .- 1614-6840. ; 7:20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An organic cathode material based on a copolymer of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) containing pyridine and hydroquinone functionalities is described as a proton trap technology. Utilizing the quinone to hydroquinone redox conversion, this technology leads to electrode materials compatible with lithium and sodium cycling chemistries. These materials have high inherent potentials that in combination with lithium give a reversible output voltage of above 3.5 V (vs Li0/+) without relying on lithiation of the material, something that is not showed for quinones previously. Key to success stems from coupling an intrapolymeric proton transfer, realized by an incorporated pyridine proton donor/acceptor functionality, with the hydroquinone redox reactions. Trapping of protons in the cathode material effectively decouples the quinone redox chemistry from the cycling chemistry of the anode, which makes the material insensitive to the nature of the electrolyte cation and hence compatible with several anode materials. Furthermore, the conducting polymer backbone allows assembly without any additives for electronic conductivity. The concept is demonstrated by electrochemical characterization in several electrolytes and finally by employing the proton trap material as the cathode in lithium and sodium batteries. These findings represent a new concept for enabling high potential organic materials for the next generation of energy storage systems.
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