| 1. |
- Allard, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Rasbiologiskt språkbruk i statens rättsprocess mot sameby : DN Debatt 2015-06-11
- 2015
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Statens hantering av forskningsresultat i rättsprocessen med Girjas sameby utgör ett hot mot Sverige som rättsstat och kunskapsnation. Åratal av svensk och internationell forskning underkänns och man använder ett språkbruk som skulle kunna vara hämtat från rasbiologins tid. Nu måste staten ta sitt ansvar och börja agera som en demokratisk rättsstat, skriver 59 forskare.
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| 2. |
- Nilsson, Lena Maria, 1965-
(författare)
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Sami lifestyle and health : epidemiological studies from northern Sweden
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this PhD thesis was to expand the current knowledge of “traditional Sami” diet and lifestyle, and to test aspects of the Sami diet and lifestyle, specifically dietary pattern, macronutrient distribution and coffee consumption, in population-based epidemiological studies of mortality and incident cardiovascular disease and cancer in a general population.In Paper I, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 elderly Sami concerning their parent’s lifestyle and diet 50-70 years ago. Questionnaire data from 397 Sami and 1842 matched non-Sami were also analyzed, using non-parametric tests and partial least square methodology. In Papers II-IV, mortality data and incident cancer data for participants in the Västerbotten Intervention Program (VIP) cohort were used for calculations of hazard ratios by Cox regression. In Paper II, a Sami diet score (0-8 points) was constructed by adding one point for each intake above the median for red meat, fatty fish, total fat, berries and boiled coffee, and one point for each intake below the median for vegetables, bread and fibre. In Paper III, deciles of energy-adjusted carbohydrate (descending) and protein (ascending) intake were added to create a Low-Carbohydrate, High-Protein (LCHP) score (2-20 points). In Paper IV, filtered and boiled coffee consumption was studied in relation to incident cancer. In Paper V, a nested case-control study of filtered and boiled coffee consumption and acute myocardial infarction, risk estimates were calculated by conditional logistic regression.Surprisingly, fatty fish may have been more important than reindeer meat for the Sami of southern Lapland in the 1930’s to 1950’s, and it is still consumed more frequently by reindeer-herding Sami than other Sami and non-Sami. Other dietary characteristics of the Sami 50-70 years ago and present-day reindeer-herding Sami were high intakes of fat, blood, and boiled coffee, and low intakes of bread, fibre and cultivated vegetables (Paper I). Stronger adherence to a “traditional Sami” diet, i.e. a higher Sami diet score, was associated with a weak increase in all-cause mortality, particulary apparent in men (Paper II). A diet relatively low in carbohydrates and high in protein, i.e. a high LCHP score, did not predict all-cause mortality compared with low LCHP score, after accounting for saturated fat intake and established risk factors (Paper III). Neither filtered nor boiled coffee consumption was associated with cancer for all cancer sites combined, or for prostate or colorectal cancer. For breast cancer, consumption of boiled coffee ≥4 versus <1 occasions/day was associated with a reduced risk. An increased risk of premenopausal and a reduced risk of postmenopausal breast cancer were found for both total and filtered coffee. Boiled coffee was positively associated with the risk of respiratory tract cancer, a finding limited to men (Paper IV). A positive association was found between consumption of filtered coffee and the risk of acute myocardial infarction in men (Paper V).In conclusion, the findings of Paper I, in particular the relative importance of fatty fish compared to reindeer meat in the “traditional Sami” diet of the 1930’s-1950’s, suggest that aspects of cultural importance may not always be of most objective importance. The findings of Papers II-V generally did not support health benefits for the factors studied. The relatively good health status of the Sami population is therefore probably not attributable to the studied aspects of the “traditional Sami” lifestyle, but further investigation of cohorts with more detailed information on dietary and lifestyle items relevant for “traditional Sami” culture is warranted.
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| 3. |
- Nordeman, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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C-11 and F-18 Radiolabeling of Tetra- and Pentathiophenes as PET-Ligands for Amyloid Protein Aggregates
- 2016
-
Ingår i: ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1948-5875. ; 7:4, s. 368-373
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three oligothiophenes were evaluated as PET ligands for the study of local and systemic amyloidosis ex vivo using tissue from patients with amyloid deposits and in vivo using healthy animals and PET-CT. The ex vivo binding studies revealed that all three labeled compounds bound specifically to human amyloid deposits. Specific binding was found in the heart, kidney, liver, and spleen. To verify the specificity of the oligothiophenes toward amyloid deposits, tissue sections with amyloid pathology were stained using the fluorescence exhibited by the compounds and evaluated with multiphoton microscopy. Furthermore, a in vivo monkey PET-CT study showed very low uptake in the brain, pancreas, and heart of the healthy animal indicating low nonspecific binding to healthy tissue. The biological evaluations indicated that this is a promising group of compounds for the visualization of systemic and localized amyloidosis.
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| 4. |
- Sjölander, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Establishing the fluorescent amyloid ligand h-FTAA for studying human tissues with systemic and localized amyloid
- 2016
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Ingår i: Amyloid. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1350-6129 .- 1744-2818. ; 23:2, s. 98-108
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rapid and accurate detection of amyloid deposits in routine surgical pathology settings are of great importance. The use of fluorescence microscopy in combination with appropriate amyloid specific dyes is very promising in this regard. Here we report that a luminescent conjugated oligothiophene, h-FTAA, rapidly and with high sensitivity and selectivity detects amyloid deposits in verified clinical samples from systemic amyloidosis patients with AA, AL and ATTR types; as well as in tissues laden with localized amyloidosis of AANF, AIAPP and ASem1 type. The probe h-FTAA emitted yellow red fluorescence on binding to amyloid deposits, whereas no apparent staining was observed in surrounding tissue. The only functional structure stained with h-FTAA showing the amyloidotypic fluorescence spectrum was Paneth cell granules in intestine. Screening of 114 amyloid containing tissues derived from 107 verified (Congo red birefringence and/or immunohistochemistry) amyloidosis patients revealed complete correlation between h-FTAA and Congo red fluorescence (107/107, 100% sensitivity). The majority of Congo red negative control cases (27 of 32, 85% specificity) were negative with h-FTAA. Small Congo red negative aggregates in kidney, liver, pancreas and duodenum were found by h-FTAA fluorescence in five control patients aged 72-83 years suffering from diverse diseases. The clinical significance of these false-positive lesions is currently not known. Because h-FTAA fluorescence is one magnitude brighter than Congo red and as the staining is performed four magnitudes lower than the concentration of dye, we believe that these inclusions are beyond detection by Congo red. We conclude that h-FTAA is a fluorescent hypersensitive, rapid and powerful tool for identifying amyloid deposits in tissue sections. Use of h-FTAA can be exploited as a rapid complementary technique for accurate detection of amyloid in routine surgical pathology settings. Our results also implicate the potential of the technique for detection of prodromal amyloidosis as well as for discovery of new amyloid-like protein aggregates in humans.
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| 5. |
- Sjölander, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of the fluorescent amyloid ligand h-FTAA in human tissues with systemic and localized amyloid
- 2014
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rapid and accurate detection of amyloid deposits in routine surgical pathology settings are of great importance. The use of fluorescence microscopy in combination with appropriate amyloid specific dyes is very promising in this regard. Most systemic amyloidosis are progressive and lethal. Disease specific therapy depends on the identification of the offending proteins. Here we report that a luminescent conjugated oligothiophene, h-FTAA, rapidly and with high sensitivity and selectivity detects amyloid deposits in verified clinical samples from systemic amyloidosis patients with AA, AL, and ATTR types; as well as in tissues laden with localized amyloidosis of AANF, AIAPP and ASem1 type. The probe h-FTAA emitted yellow red fluorescence on binding to amyloid deposits, whereas no apparent staining was observed in surrounding tissue. Screening of 114 amyloid containing tissues derived from §07 verified (Congo red birefringence and immunohistochemistry) amyloidosis patients revealed complete correlation between h-FTAA and Congo red fluorescence. We conclude that h-FTAA is a fluorescent hypersensitive, rapid and powerful tool for identifying amyloid deposits in tissue sections. H-FTAA staining can be utilized as a rapid complementary technique for accurate detection of amyloid in routine surgical pathology settings. It was also revealed that within 5 of 15 age matched Congo red negative control samples h-FTAA detects microdeposits of amyloid-like protein aggregates in liver and kidney. The results emphasize the potential of the dye for detection of prodromal amyloidosis as well as for discovery of novel amyloid-like protein aggregates in humans.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Ahlm, Kristin, et al.
(författare)
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Unnatural deaths in reindeer-herding Sami families in Sweden, 1961-2001
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Journal of Circumpolar Health. - 1239-9736 .- 2242-3982. ; 69:2, s. 129-137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Unnatural deaths among Indigenous populations, including the Swedish Sami, occur more often than among the general population. To find prevention strategies, we explored the circumstances of the unnatural deaths of members of reindeer-herding Sami families.STUDY DESIGN: The number of deaths from among a cohort of 7,482 members of reindeer-herding Sami families were retrieved from the National Board of Health and Welfare for the years 1961- 2001.METHODS: An evaluation of the information from autopsy records at the National Board of Forensic Medicine, police reports, and available medical records identified 158 unnatural deaths. These were then analysed in detail.RESULTS: Transport-related deaths and suicides were the most common unnatural deaths among Swedish reindeer-herding Sami family members. Suicides contributed to 23% of all deaths, road traffic accidents to 16%, and snowmobile fatalities to 11%. The accidents generally reflected an "outdoor lifestyle" and the working conditions were characterized by the use of off-road vehicles such as snowmobiles. Half of the number of victims tested positive for alcohol and alcohol abuse was documented in 15% of all victims.CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that alcohol is an important factor in preventing unnatural deaths among reindeer-herding Sami, together with increased safety of both on-road and off-road transportation.
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| 8. |
- Alao, John Patrick, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Caffeine stabilises fission yeast Wee1 in a Rad24-dependent manner but attenuates Its expression in response to DNA damage.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Microorganisms. - : MDPI AG. - 2076-2607. ; 8:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The widely consumed neuroactive compound caffeine has generated much interest due to its ability to override the DNA damage and replication checkpoints. Previously Rad3 and its homologues was thought to be the target of caffeine's inhibitory activity. Later findings indicate that the Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (TORC1) is the preferred target of caffeine. Effective Cdc2 inhibition requires both the activation of the Wee1 kinase and inhibition of the Cdc25 phosphatase. The TORC1, DNA damage, and environmental stress response pathways all converge on Cdc25 and Wee1. We previously demonstrated that caffeine overrides DNA damage checkpoints by modulating Cdc25 stability. The effect of caffeine on cell cycle progression resembles that of TORC1 inhibition. Furthermore, caffeine activates the Sty1 regulated environmental stress response. Caffeine may thus modulate multiple signalling pathways that regulate Cdc25 and Wee1 levels, localisation and activity. Here we show that the activity of caffeine stabilises both Cdc25 and Wee1. The stabilising effect of caffeine and genotoxic agents on Wee1 was dependent on the Rad24 chaperone. Interestingly, caffeine inhibited the accumulation of Wee1 in response to DNA damage. Caffeine may modulate cell cycle progression through increased Cdc25 activity and Wee1 repression following DNA damage via TORC1 inhibition, as TORC1 inhibition increased DNA damage sensitivity.
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| 9. |
- Alao, John Patrick, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Caffeine stabilizes Cdc25 independently of Rad3 in Schizosaccharomyces pombe contributing to checkpoint override
- 2014
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Ingår i: Molecular Microbiology. - : Wiley. - 0950-382X .- 1365-2958. ; 92:4, s. 777-796
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cdc25 is required for Cdc2 dephosphorylation and is thus essential for cell cycle progression. Checkpoint activation requires dual inhibition of Cdc25 and Cdc2 in a Rad3-dependent manner. Caffeine is believed to override activation of the replication and DNA damage checkpoints by inhibiting Rad3-related proteins in both Schizosaccharomyces pombe and mammalian cells. In this study, we have investigated the impact of caffeine on Cdc25 stability, cell cycle progression and checkpoint override. Caffeine induced Cdc25 accumulation in S.pombe independently of Rad3. Caffeine delayed cell cycle progression under normal conditions but advanced mitosis in cells treated with replication inhibitors and DNA-damaging agents. In the absence of Cdc25, caffeine inhibited cell cycle progression even in the presence of hydroxyurea or phleomycin. Caffeine induces Cdc25 accumulation in S.pombe by suppressing its degradation independently of Rad3. The induction of Cdc25 accumulation was not associated with accelerated progression through mitosis, but rather with delayed progression through cytokinesis. Caffeine-induced Cdc25 accumulation appears to underlie its ability to override cell cycle checkpoints. The impact of Cdc25 accumulation on cell cycle progression is attenuated by Srk1 and Mad2. Together our findings suggest that caffeine overrides checkpoint enforcement by inducing the inappropriate nuclear localization of Cdc25.
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| 10. |
- Arja, Katriann, et al.
(författare)
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Enhanced Fluorescent Assignment of Protein Aggregates by an Oligothiophene-Porphyrin-Based Amyloid Ligand
- 2013
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Ingår i: Macromolecular rapid communications. - : Wiley-VCH Verlag. - 1022-1336 .- 1521-3927. ; 34:9, s. 723-730
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fluorescent probes identifying protein aggregates are of great interest, as deposition of aggregated proteins is associated with many devastating diseases. Here, we report that a fluorescent amyloid ligand composed of two distinct molecular moieties, an amyloidophilic pentameric oligothiophene and a porphyrin, can be utilized for spectral and lifetime imaging assessment of recombinant A 1-42 amyloid fibrils and A deposits in brain tissue sections from a transgenic mouse model with Alzheimers disease pathology. The enhanced spectral range and distinct lifetime diversity of this novel oligothiopheneporphyrin-based ligand allow a more precise assessment of heterogeneous amyloid morphology compared with the corresponding oligothiophene dye.
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| 11. |
- Babu Moparthi, Satish, et al.
(författare)
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Transient conformational remodeling of folding proteins by GroES - Individually and in concert with GroEL
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of chemical biology. - : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 1864-6158 .- 1864-6166. ; 7:1, s. 1-15
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The commonly accepted dogma of the bacterial GroE chaperonin system entails protein folding mediated by cycles of several ATP-dependent sequential steps where GroEL interacts with the folding client protein. In contrast, we herein report GroES-mediated dynamic remodeling (expansion and compression) of two different protein substrates during folding: the endogenous substrate MreB and carbonic anhydrase (HCAII), a well-characterized protein folding model. GroES was also found to influence GroEL binding induced unfolding and compression of the client protein underlining the synergistic activity of both chaperonins, even in the absence of ATP. This previously unidentified activity by GroES should have important implications for understanding the chaperonin mechanism and cellular stress response. Our findings necessitate a revision of the GroEL/ES mechanism.
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| 12. |
- Broom, Oliver, et al.
(författare)
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CD47 regulates collagen I-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression and intestinal epithelial cell migration.
- 2009
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Ingår i: PloS one. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 4:7, s. e6371-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increased epithelial cell expression of the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme is a characteristic event of both inflammatory bowel disease and colon cancer. We here report the novel findings that collagen I-induced de novo synthesis of COX-2 in intestinal epithelial cells is inhibited by pertussis toxin (PTX) and by an inhibitory peptide selective for the heterotrimeric G alpha(i3)-protein. These findings could be explained by a regulatory involvement of the G-protein-dependent integrin-associated protein CD47. In support of this notion, we observed a collagen I-induced association between CD47 and alpha2 integrins. This association was reduced by a blocking anti-CD47 antibody but not by PTX or a control anti-beta2 antibody. Furthermore, a blocking antibody against CD47, dominant negative CD47 or specific siRNA knock down of CD47, significantly reduced collagen I-induced COX-2 expression. COX-2 has previously been shown to regulate intestinal epithelial cell adhesion and migration. Morphological analysis of intestinal cells adhering to collagen I revealed a co-localisation of CD47 and alpha2 integrins to non-apoptotic membrane blebs enriched in Rho A and F-actin. The blocking CD47 antibody, PTX and a selective COX-2 inhibitor, dramatically inhibited the formation of these blebs. In accordance, migration of these cells on a collagen I-coated surface or through a collagen I gel were significantly reduced by the CD47 blocking antibody, siRNA knock down of CD47 and the COX-2 inhibitor NS-398. In conclusion, we present novel data that identifies the G-protein-dependent CD47 protein as a key regulator of collagen I-induced COX-2 expression and a promoter of intestinal epithelial cell migration.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Daerga, L, et al.
(författare)
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Occupational musculoskeletal dysfunctions among reindeer herding Sami in Sweden
- 2006
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Ingår i: Vaartoe.
-
Konferensbidrag (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Objectives: In a previous pilot studies it was indicated that the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain (MSP) is high among reindeer herders. The main objective of the present study was to explore potential relations between self-reported MSP, perceived dysfunction and quality of life among Swedish reindeer herding Sami, with particular emphasis on gender comparisons. Study Design: Cross-sectional, semi-randomised, cohort study. Methods: A total of 154 reindeer herders (86 men, 68 women) were offered participation in the study. They were semi-randomly selected from 7 Sami communities and represented herders who were older than 18 years of age, and belonged to households where reindeer husbandry constituted a major source of income. They answered questionnaire on pain intensity, duration and frequency in 10 separate body regions, on functional disturbances (SF-36 and Neck Disability Index), and on quality of life (in four domains - physical, social, mental and health). The questionnaires were distributed via mail to complement clinical data acquired during health examination executed by physiotherapists and GPs. Results: Preliminary analyses revealed a high prevalence of MSP, particularly of the back, neck, shoulder, elbows and wrists, both among men and women. Significant functional impairments and poor quality of life were reported by a majority of the participants. Conclusions: Detailed results and general conclusions will be presented at the conference
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| 15. |
- Daerga, Laila, et al.
(författare)
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Quality of life in relation to physical, psychosocial and socio-economic conditions among reindeer-herding Sami
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Circumpolar Health. - 1239-9736 .- 2242-3982. ; 67:1, s. 8-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives. To analyse different aspects of health-related quality of life factors among members of reindeer-herding families.Study design. Cross-sectional study based on data from a comprehensive survey.Methods. The health-related quality of life (SF-36) factors were analysed on 99 (56 men, 43 women) adult members of reindeer-herding families. Comparisons were made between the reindeer-herding family members and a Swedish reference population. Associations between mental and physical component summary measures and a number of sociodemographic, biomedical, physical, psychosocial and socio-economic variables were analysed with multivariate regression statistics.Results. Men scored higher than women on physical and social functioning and vitality. The average scores on the subscales for the reindeer-herding family members were similar to those ofthe Swedish reference population, except for reindeer-herding men who scored higher on physical functioning and lower on bodily pain. For women, the quality of life was related to age, sense of coherence, life-style and behavioural variables, as well as to issues such as diseases among close relatives, social networks and the economy of their business. For men, it was mainly related to musculoskeletal pain conditions, age, sense of coherence and physical and psychosocial working conditions.Conclusions. Men and women of the reindeer-herding families need partly different conditions to enjoy a high quality of life. From the results, it might be predicted that poor somatic and psychosocial health, increased intrusion from exploiters on the grazing land and declining profit in reindeer husbandry constitute important threats to a good quality of life among members of reindeer-herding families
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| 16. |
- Daerga, Laila, et al.
(författare)
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Work-related musculoskeletal pain among reindeer herding Sami in Sweden : a pilot study on causes and prevention
- 2004
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Ingår i: International Journal of Circumpolar Health. - 1239-9736 .- 2242-3982. ; 63 Suppl 2, s. 343-348
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. To investigate the prevalence and to identify causes of musculoskeletal pain (MSP) among reindeer herding Sami, and to evaluate the impact on the MSP symptoms elicited by an intervention-pre- vention programme (lP programme). Study Design. A prospective cohort study in which alterations in MSP symptoms were documented over a two-year period. Methods. Data were collected from 51 rein- deer herders (26 men, 25 w omen) before and af ter a two-year lP programme. Information on MSP cha- racteristics (affected body regions, pain duration and pain intensity) and exposure to a number of phy- sical and psychosocial risk factors were collected as part of comprehensive health examinations. Cli- nical examinations and interviews complemented self-reported data collected through questionnaires. Results. MSP symptoms were prevalent, both among w omen and men. High exposure to physical risk factors, to a large extent related to extensive use of snowmobiles and motorcycles, was the main cau- se of MSP among men, while psychosocial risk factors were suggested to be more important among wo- men. About one-third of the reindeer herders reported fewer MSP symptoms as a resull of the lP programme. Conclusions. This pilot study suggests that it is possible to reduce the number and the se- verity of the MSP symptoms among reindeer herders by implementing suitably tailored intervention- prevention measures.
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| 17. |
- Eckeskog, Linn, 1984-
(författare)
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Kommunikation i förskolan : förskollärares och barnskötares kommunikation med föräldrar i ett digitaliserat medielandskap
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aim of this doctoral thesis is to study communication work among personnel in Swedish pre-schools, with a particular focus on mediated communication with parents. The purpose is also to analyse what roles are given to the professionals in this communication, to identify what subject positions are constructed and to identify how boundaries are managed within the communication practices.The primary theoretical framework of the thesis is social constructivism and symbolic interactionism. The pre-school organisation and identities are regarded as in a perpetual state of becoming and changes in the media landscape are viewed as rearranging the preconditions for communication practices. Technical innovations are regarded as social products at both ends. Results build upon observations in five pre-schools, interviews with 32 pre-school employees and multimodal analysis of communication material directed to parents. Additional interviews and document studies were conducted in the form of a case study, in order to gain knowledge of the implementation of a digital learning platform.The study shows that the communication environments differ between pre-schools, e.g. concerning how and which mediums are used. Several obstacles to communication are identified, of which many (but not all) are related to the socioeconomic status of parents. Within the mediated communication, pre-school personnel to some extent position themselves as experts concerning practical and pedagogical questions, whilst parents are positioned as actors in need of guidance. A major function of mediated communication is assigning parents’ responsibilities in relation to the pre-school, along with norms regarding what constitutes the “good” (pre-school) parent. Boundary work in relation to parents is conducted using different modalities, used for hedging but also for establishing professional positions. Digitalisation appears as a negative force when introduced top-down, without regards to the needs, previous practices and preconditions within a particular pre- school; but as a positive force when initiated by the professionals themselves and when responding to particular needs within specific pre-schools. As expectations on digitalisation in pre-schools increase, questions of preconditions and communication skills grow in prominence.Although expectations on pre-school professionals’ communication skills are high, communication with parents is not sufficiently acknowledged as part of the actual work in pre-schools. A sign of (and reasons for) the under prioritisation of communication work is the uneven and arbitrary preconditions for communicating, in the forms of relevant education, time and technical equipment. The lack of resources can be connected to three issues: A working environment issue (discrepancy between expectations and preconditions), a democratic issue (communication being random rather than planned/ considered) and a professional issue (multimodal communication not reflecting the professional identity that informants strive towards).Communication with parents (and surrounding society) needs to be acknowledged as part of the work in pre-school, and the personnel need to be given the necessary skills and conditions for communication, in order to provide equality of ac- cess to the parents, but also to give personnel the possibilities of communicating about and reflecting the pre-school organisation as they know it.
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| 18. |
- Edin-Liljegren, A, et al.
(författare)
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Psychosocial risk factors among Sami in Sweden : a controlled cohort study
- 2006
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Ingår i: Vaartoe.
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Konferensbidrag (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Objective: To investigate the occurrence of psychosocial, clinical and behavioural risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among reindeer herding and non-reindeer herding Sami. The results on psychosocial risk factors are presented here. Materials and Methods: A cohort of 611 Swedish Sami (276 men and 335 women) was constructed from national population registers and compared with a twice as large control population of non-Sami, matched by age, gender and area of residency. Information on quality of life, social support and Karasek and Theorell`s job-strain indices was obtained from a database containing information from a regional CVD-preventive program. The data was collected from the period of 1990–2001. Results: The Sami people reported lower quality of life and higher demand and intellectual discretion at work than the non-Sami. The Sami women, the reindeer herding as well as the non-reindeer herding, had lower scores on intellectual discretion and social support at work compared with the Sami men. Conclusions: Regarding the psychosocial risk factors investigated here it seems that the Sami women are at higher risk than the Sami men.
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| 19. |
- Edin-Liljegren, A, et al.
(författare)
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Risk factors for cardiovascular diseases among Swedish Sami : a controlled cohort study
- 2004
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Ingår i: International Journal of Circumpolar Health. - 1239-9736 .- 2242-3982. ; 63:Suppl 2, s. 292-297
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To investigate the occurrence of clinical, psychosocial and behavioural risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among reindeer herding (RS) and non-reindeer herding Sami (NRS). STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study, comparing risk factors behind CVD between Sami and non-Sami, RS and NRS, and Sami men and women. METHODS: A cohort of 611 Swedish Sami (276 men and 335 women) was constructed from national population registers. A twice as large control cohort of non-Sami was created, matched by age, gender and area of residence. Information on risk factors was obtained from a database containing clinical and psychosocial-behavioural data from a regional CVD preventive programme for the period 1990-2001. RESULTS: The Sami and the non-Sami showed similar risk factor patterns. The main differences were related to working conditions and lifestyle factors of the RS. The RS men had lower blood pressure, were more physically active and had higher job demand and decision latitude. The RS women showed more negative scores on the indices of the job strain model. CONCLUSIONS: Previously reported differences in CVD mortality between Sami and non-Sami, and Sami men and women, can only partly be explained by different exposure to the psychosocial and behaviour risk factors investigated in this study.
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| 20. |
- Gustafsson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Reduction in the use of potentially inappropriate drugs among old people living in geriatric care units between 2007 and 2013
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0031-6970 .- 1432-1041. ; 71:4, s. 507-515
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: The aims of this study were to investigate trends in the prevalence of potentially inappropriate drug use among old people living in geriatric care units in the county of Västerbotten between 2007 and 2013 using six national quality indicators and to assess the impact of medication reviews on those quality indicators.METHODS: Data were collected concerning potentially inappropriate drug use, function in the activities of daily living (ADL) and cognitive function, using the Multi-Dimensional Dementia Assessment Scale (MDDAS). A comparison was made between the years 2007 and 2013, comprising 2772 and 1902 people, respectively, living in geriatric care in the county of Västerbotten, Sweden. We conducted a parallel investigation of a separate corresponding population in Västerbotten County from 2012, where potentially inappropriate drug use was measured before and after 895 medication reviews which involved a clinical pharmacist.RESULTS: After controlling for age, sex, ADL and cognitive impairment, there was a significant improvement in five out of six quality indicators between 2007 and 2013. While 44 % of the people were exposed to one or more potentially inappropriate medications in 2007, this number had declined to 26 % by 2013. In the separate population from 2012, the frequency of potentially inappropriate drug use was significantly reduced amongst the people who had a medication review performed.CONCLUSION: The extent of potentially inappropriate drug use declined between 2007 and 2013 according to the quality indicators used. Medication reviews involving clinical pharmacists might be an important factor in reducing potentially inappropriate drug use and improving drug treatment among old people.
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| 21. |
- Hallander, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Effects On Forming When Using Aligned Multi Wall Carbon Nanotubes In Multi-Stacked Prepreg
- 2015
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Ingår i: 20Th International Conference On Composite Materials. - : AALBORG UNIV PRESS.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Automated tape lay-up (ATL) combined with Hot Drape Forming (HDF) offer cost competitive manufacturing for large composite components. However, not carefully performed HDF of composite laminates could end up with out-of-plane fibre wrinkling. Previous studies with this technique has shown that the stacking sequence have a significant influence on wrinkle development during 3D-forming. One possible explanation to this might be the relatively high interply friction for the combination of [0] and [ 45] layers. Prepregs containing thermoplastic toughener particles show a higher level of interply friction compared to prepregs which do not contains such particles. It is therefore likely that interfacial particles in general will increase the interply friction. Such particles could be thermoplastic toughener or aligned multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). The aim of this study is to show how locally arranged MWCNTs in prepreg interlayers affect the global forming behaviour. An initial study of intraply shear and interply friction is performed with purpose to investigate how pregpreg with MWCNT interlayers on general influence the forming. Further an experimental forming study is performed with aligned MWCNT in the [-45] / [0] interlayers of a quasi-isotropic prepreg stacking sequence. A numerical study is also performed simulating the forming of the experimental spar geometry. The results show that the intraply shear resistance of the MWCNT containing material is 100% higher than for the reference. Further the interply friction is 3 to 4 times higher for the MWCNT containing material compared to the reference. The experimental spar study shows increased out-of-plane wrinkling in the joggled spar flange when using MWCNT in the [-45]/[0] interlayers. The numerical study strengthen the experimental results by showing increased compression across the fibre direction in the [0] layer when adding contact surfaces in the [-45]/[ 0] interlayers.
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| 22. |
- Hallander, Per, et al.
(författare)
-
Fast forming of multistacked UD prepreg using a high-pressure process
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Polymer Composites. - : WILEY. - 0272-8397 .- 1548-0569. ; 40:9, s. 3550-3561
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, the opportunities of fast forming of multistacked UD prepreg when using high-pressure forming were examined in an experimental study. Forming is often considered a bottleneck in manufacturing of composite aircraft parts and speeding up the process is, therefore, of great interest. A Quintus Flexform fluid cell press was used to create pressure of 100 to 400 bars. In the study, different lay-up sequences and thicknesses were tested for manufacturing of c-shaped coupons. Tests were performed at different temperatures and some of the samples were sandwiched with mild steel sheets referred to as a steel sheet dummy. A case study was also performed on a double-curved spar geometry. It was found that forming at a relatively high overall pressure level combined with an elevated temperature, created squeeze flow-related wrinkle formations, and radius thinning. With high pressure forming, material compression/compaction mechanisms showed to have great influence on the forming result. This differs to low pressure vacuum forming, where intraply shear, interply shear, and ply bending are the dominant forming mechanisms. The steel sheet dummy minimized the squeeze flow related wrinkle in the web and flanges. Instead the forming temperature was found to exert the greatest influence on radius thinning. When forming at room temperature, radius thinning was almost eliminated and instead bending-related wrinkles in the flange below the radii appeared. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:3550-3561, 2019.
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| 23. |
- Hallander, Per, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Forming of composite spars including interlayers of aligned, multiwall, carbon nanotubes : an experimental study
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Polymer Composites. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0272-8397 .- 1548-0569.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carbon nanotubes offer the potential for improved or changed matrix properties, thereby enabling the creation of novel, multifunctional composite materials. By using highly-aligned, multiwall, carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) with thermoset resins, good dispersion and distribution of nanotubes is obtained. To date, research has mainly focused on improving the growth process of the aligned MWCNTs, however little has been done on the processing of composites that include MWCNTs as interlayers in the stack. The aim of this work is to study how the aligned MWCNTs are affected within composite part forming. The study shows that MWCNTs are influenced by the shearing that occurs during forming, but still maintain their integrity. To some extent, the shear pattern observed in the MWCNTs after deformation provides an indication of deformation modes. However, the presence of MWCNTs also significantly influences the forming characteristics of the prepreg stack.
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| 24. |
- Hallander, Per, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Interface manipulation towards wrinkle-free forming of stacked UD prepreg layers
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to experimentally study how forming behaviour can be changed by local manipulation of prepreg interfacial characteristics. Different methods for surface modification are examined, however all were aimed at enabling significantly increased interply friction. The paper shows that by using increased friction in between layers, these neighbouring pairs will act together during forming, thereby either improving or exacerbating the forming outcome. For the geometry utilized, wrinkle free forming was obtained when the cross-plied layers were paired to deform mainly through intraply shear during forming. The method is supported by the appended numerical analysis and interaction between forming mechanisms and radius thinning is instigated as part of the experimental outcome.
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| 25. |
- Hallböök, Tove, et al.
(författare)
-
Effectiveness of the ketogenic diet used to treat resistant childhood epilepsy in Scandinavia.
- 2015
-
Ingår i: European journal of paediatric neurology : EJPN : official journal of the European Paediatric Neurology Society. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-2130. ; 19:1, s. 29-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This Scandinavian collaborative retrospective study of children treated with ketogenic diet (KD) highlights indications and effectiveness over two years follow-up.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Hanson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Mannequin Properties Desired for Ergonomic Evaluation of Car Interiors
- 1998
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Ingår i: ; , s. 43-48
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mannequin properties desired for ergonomic evaluation of car interiors Lars Hansson, Kenneth Holmqvist, Simon Sjölander, Giovanni Distante, Guiseppe Andreoni, Nicholas Colford, Tomas Engström, Gert-Åke Hansson, Roland Kadefors, Patric Petersson, Camilla Rigotti, Lena Sperling, Anders Sundin, Per Östman, Roland Akselsson The aim of this study was to simulate a future mannequin with real people in order to find characteristics necessary for ergonomic evaluation of comfort in car interiors. We argue that the mannequin should ideally perform natural movements, collision detection, a biomechanical model, and eyes. Optional improvements to the mannequin involve muscles and a heart. We also discuss the user interface to the mannequin and means to present mannequin data.
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| 28. |
- Hassler, Sven, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
-
Cancer among the sami : A review on the norwegian, swedish and finnish sami populations
- 2008
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Circumpolar Health. - : International Association of Circumpolar Health Publishers. - 1239-9736 .- 2242-3982. ; 67:5, s. 421-432
-
Forskningsöversikt (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objectives. The Sami are the Indigenous people of the northernmost parts of Sweden, Finland and Norway, and of the Kola Peninsula of Russia. The present review summarizes the main results from studies on cancer morbidity and mortality among the Sami and discusses these results in relation to exposure of known risk factors. Study Design. Literature review. Methods. A systematic search over the time period 1966–2008for relevant articles was conducted on MEDLINE. Updates and recalculations of some of the results from the original data were also done. Results. Nine articles whose main focus is on cancer incidence or mortality among the Sami were identified. In all studies, the overall incidence of cancer or cancer mortality was lower among the Sami in comparison with the national populations. The differences were less striking in relation to regional reference populations, but the rates were still significantly lower for all populations of Sami, except for Swedish Sami women. Beyond the general trend of a lower cancer incidence among the Sami, there were some notable differences between the various Sami subpopulations.
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| 29. |
- Hassler, Sven, et al.
(författare)
-
Cancer in the Sami population of Sweden, 1961-2003 : demographical aspects of different genetic and lifestyle exposure
- 2006
-
Ingår i: The 13th International Congress on Circumpolar Health.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objectives: In previous Nordic studies it has been reported that the overall cancer incidence is lower among the Sami compared to the rest of the population living in the same area. But the relative risk varies among different Sami groups with a lower overall risk among reindeer herders compared to other Sami groups. Diet and lifestyle factors such as physical activity has been suggested to explain these differences together with genetical factors. The objective of this study is to describe the cancer incidence among different Sami groups in Sweden between 1961 and 2003 and to evaluate the effect of demographical changes on risk factors related to Sami lifestyle and heritage. Study Design: Prospective cohort study Methods: The study cohort constitutes of a total of 7 482 reindeer herders and 34 239 non-herders from which subgroups were genealogically defined, carrying with them assumptions of different levels of influence of a traditional Sami life style. Follow up was from 1961 to 2003 and standard incidence ratios (SIR) were calculated using a demographically matched control population as the standard of comparison. Results:Overall lower cancer risk was observed for reindeer herding men compared to the control population while the relative risk for non-herding women was significantly higher. Significantly lower rates of prostate was observed among reindeer herders and higher rates of stomach and ovary was observed among non-herding women. Conclusions: Protective factors in an active, more traditional life style in combination with genertical factors is suggested to explain the lower cancer rates among reindeer herding men. An assumption of declining protective influence of a traditional life style in different Sami groups is supported by an demographical and genealogical analysis of the constitution of different Sami groups. It is indicated that demographical changes resulting in various levels of integration and/or assimilation should be considered when analysing the health status of the Sami.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Hassler, Sven, et al.
(författare)
-
Cancer risk in the reindeer breeding Saami population of Sweden, 1961–1997
- 2001
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Epidemiology. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284. ; 17, s. 969-976
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Saami people are the natives of northern Scandinavia and the Kola Peninsula. In a cohort of 2033 Swedish reindeer breeding Saamis, the cancer risks between 1961 and 1997 were studied. Intotal, 193 cases of cancer were observed versus 322 expected in the general Swedish population and 249 in a geographically matched reference population of non-Saamis. In comparison to non-Saamis living in the same area, the reindeer breeding Saamis showed astatistically significant lower risk of developing cancerofthe prostate and of malignant lymphoma, whereas the risk of stomach cancer was significantly higher. Although there were no statistically significant changes ofcancer risks over time, temporal trends were indicated towards a decreased risk of cancer in the stomach and the prostate. The results suggest that the explanations ofthe low cancer risk ofthe reindeer breeding Saamis, in relation to the non-Saamis in the same environment, are to be found among lifestyle and/or genetic factors
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| 32. |
- Hassler, Sven, et al.
(författare)
-
Cancer risk in the reindeer breeding Saami population of Sweden, 1961–1997
- 2001
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Epidemiology. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284. ; 17:10, s. 969-976
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Saami people are the natives of northern Scandinavia and the Kola Peninsula. In a cohort of 2033 Swedish reindeer breeding Saamis, the cancer risks between 1961 and 1997 were studied. In total, 193 cases of cancer were observed versus 322 expected in the general Swedish population and 249 in a geographically matched reference population of non-Saamis. In comparison to non-Saamis living in the same area, the reindeer breeding Saamis showed a statistically significant lower risk of developing cancer of the prostate and of malignant lymphoma, whereas the risk of stomach cancer was significantly higher. Although there were no statistically significant changes of cancer risks over time, temporal trends were indicated towards a decreased risk of cancer in the stomach and the prostate. The results suggest that the explanations of the low cancer risk of the reindeer breeding Saamis, in relation to the non-Saamis in the same environment, are to be found among lifestyle and/or genetic factors.
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| 33. |
- Hassler, Sven, et al.
(författare)
-
Causes of death in the Sami population of Sweden, 1961-2000.
- 2005
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0300-5771 .- 1464-3685. ; 34:3, s. 623-629
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Indigenous people often have a pattern of mortality that is disadvantageous in comparison with the general population. The knowledge on causes of death among the Sami, the natives of northern Scandinavia, is limited. The aim of the present study was to compare gender and cause specific mortality patterns for reindeer herding Sami, non-herding Sami, and non-Sami between 1961 and 2000. METHODS: A Sami cohort was constructed departing from a group of index-Sami identified as either reindeer herding Sami or Sami eligible to vote for the Sami parliament. Relatives of index-Sami were identified in the National Kinship Register and added to the cohort. The cohort contained a total of 41 721 people (7482 reindeer herding Sami and 34 239 non-herding Sami). A demographically matched non-Sami reference population four times as large, was compiled in the same way. Relative mortality risks were analysed by calculating standardized mortality ratios (SMRs). RESULTS: The differences in overall mortality and life expectancy of the Sami, both reindeer herding and non-herding, compared with the reference population were relatively small. However, Sami men showed significantly lower SMR for cancers but higher for external causes of injury. For Sami women, significantly higher SMR was found for diseases of the circulatory system and diseases of the respiratory system. An increased risk of dying from subarachnoid haemorrhage was observed among both Sami men and women. CONCLUSIONS: The similarities in mortality patterns are probably a result of centuries of close interaction between the Sami and the non-Sami, while the observed differences might be due to lifestyle, psychosocial and/or genetic factors.
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| 34. |
- Hassler, Sven, et al.
(författare)
-
Construction of a database on health and living conditions of the Swedish Sami population
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Befolkning och bosättning i norr. - Umeå : Miscellaneous publications Centre for Sami Research, Umeå University. - 9197446807 ; , s. 107-124
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research on the health and living conditions of the Swedish Sami population was initiated at the Southeffi Lapland Research Department in 1998 with the objective to collect and analyse data on lifestyle,environmental exposure, and incidence of various diseases and risk factors that could be used to promote a healthy Sami population. In order to analyse the epidemio.logical data on the Sami population that already exists in national demographic and health registers, a specific database has been constructed containing Swedish Sami. The basis for the construction of the database is the two definitions of Sami identity that are found in Swedish law and are used to regulate the right to register to the electoral register of the Sami parliament, and to regulate the right to breed reindeers. The registers that are connected to these defInitions functions as index registers in the creation of the database. That is, they serve as the starting point from which the expansion of the database takes place. By flnding all household members of the same household as the index persons, the database has expanded from 10 000 individuals in the index registers to a total of more than 150 000 individuals. Local kinship register within the database has also been established making the database more functional in forming Sami cohorts bUilt on family relations. A control part of the database consisting of non-Sami individuals was also formed. The Sami index regi~ters were matched with regard to sex, age and living area to form an index register of non Sami controls which then was extended in a similar way as for the Sami part of the database. An example on how the database can be used is the reconstruction of a Sami population, built on family relations that produced a Sami population that for 1998 amounted to about 44 000 individuals. By opening up new possibilities in seeking information and knowledge, the database can hopefully be come a important tool in the work to improve the health and living conditions of the Sami population of Sweden.
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| 35. |
- Hassler, Sven, et al.
(författare)
-
Fatal accidents and suicide among reindeer-herding Sami in Sweden
- 2004
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Circumpolar Health. - 1239-9736 .- 2242-3982. ; 63 Suppl 2, s. 384-388
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. Over the last decades, reindeer-herding management has experienced drarnatic changes, e.g. increased motorization and socio-econornic pressure. The airn of the present study was to investigate whether these changes have increased the risk of fatal, work-related accidents and suicide between 1961 and 2000. Study design and methods. A c oh ort containing 7,482 members of reindeer-herding Sami families was extracted from national population registers. Information on fatal accidents and suicide was obtained from the Swedish Causes of Death Register, and compared to the expected number of deaths in a dernographica11y matched control population of non-Sami. Results. The ffiale reindeer her- ding Sami showed a significantly increased risk of dying from accidents such as vehicle accidents and poisoning. No significant increased risk of suicide was observed. A comparison between the periods of 1961-1980 and 1981- 2000 showed non-significant differences in risk, although a trend towards incre- ased risks was observed for most types of external causes of death except suicide. Conclusions. It is suggested that the increased socio-econornic pressure and the extensive use of terrain vehicles have increased the risk for fatal accidents arnong Swedish reindeer herders, and that commercial reindeer ma- nagement is one of the most dangerous occupations in Sweden
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| 36. |
- Hassler, Sven, et al.
(författare)
-
Health promotive lifestyle among reindeer herding Sami in Sweden : an analysis of gender differences
- 2007
-
Ingår i: The 19th IUHPE World Conference on Health Promotion and Health Education.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objectives: The Sami are the indigenous of Northern Scandinavia. Traditional indigenous life styles are increasingly being acknowledged for their health promotive aspects such as being community based and salutogenetic in perspective. A gender difference in health among reindeer herding Sami has been observed such as lower relative risk for cancer and cardiovascular diseases among reindeer herding men compared to the women. This has partly been interpreted in terms of access to a traditional health protective life style. The objective of this study is to analyze these gender differences in health among different groups of reindeer herding Sami in the light of health promotive aspects of indigenous life styles described in the recent scientific health litterature. Study Design: Prospective cohort study and a litterature review Methods: The study cohort constitutes of a total of 7 482 reindeer herders from which subgroups with different levels of influence of a traditional Sami life style were genealogically and geographically defined. Follow-up was from 1961 to 2003 and standard incidence ratios (SIR) for major life style related diseases such as CVD and cancer were calculated using a demographically matched control population as the standard of comparison. Results: Overall lower risk for cancer and CVD was observed for reindeer herding men living in the mountain region compared to the control population while the relative risk for CVD was significantly higher among reindeer herding women living in lowland regions. Conclusions: Different access to the health promotive factors in an active, more traditional Sami life style is suggested to partly explain the gender difference in health status observed in different subgroups of the reindeer herding commun
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| 37. |
|
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| 38. |
- Hassler, S., et al.
(författare)
-
IN-PATIENT CARE UTILIZATION AMONG SAMI IN SWEDEN
- 2010
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Circumpolar Health. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 1239-9736 .- 2242-3982. ; 69, s. 495-496
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 39. |
- Hassler, Sven, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
-
Northern Fennoscandia
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Health Transitions in Arctic Populations. - Toronto, Kanada : University of Toronto Press. - 9780802091093 - 9780802094018 ; , s. 103-116
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 40. |
- Hassler, Sven, 1963-
(författare)
-
The health condition in the Sami population of Sweden, 1961-2002 : Causes of death and incidences of cancer and cardiovascular diseases
- 2005
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Sami people are the Natives of northern Scandinavia. The knowledge of the health and living conditions of the Swedish Sami is extremely limited which is in contrast to the large amount of detailed information on health and socioeconomic issues that is available for other circumpolar Natives. The encounter with the western society and the acculturation process has for many native populations had serious health consequences, causing a dramatic increase of lifestyle related diseases such as cancer, diabetes, stroke, obesity and hypertension as well as a dramatic increase of suicide and drug abuse. The overall objective of this thesis was to investigate the health conditions of the Sami population of Sweden using causes of death and incidences of cancer and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) as health indicators, and to evaluate their possible association with acculturative factors such as assimilation, integration, separation and marginalization. A Sami population was identified containing a total of 41 721 individuals. Specific cohorts were selected from this population for the different studies. A four times as large demographically matched non-Sami control population was used for comparisons. A study of causes of death, 1961-2000, showed small differences in overall mortality and life expectancy between the Sami and the non-Sami. However, Sami men showed significantly lower mortality risks for cancers but higher for external cause of injury and Sami women higher risks for diseases of the circulatory system (CVD) and of the respiratory system. An increased risk of dying from subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) was observed among both Sami men and women. The increased risk of dying from accidents among male reindeer herders is suggested to be caused by the increased socioeconomic pressure and the extensive use of terrain vehicles. It is concluded that commercial reindeer management is one of the most dangerous occupations in Sweden. In a study of the cancer risk among the reindeer herding Sami between 1961-1997, an overall lower risk to develop cancers, particularly prostate and malignant lymphoma was observed among the reindeer herding Sami. The risk for stomach cancer was significantly higher in relation to their non-Sami neighbours. The Sami and the non-Sami had similar risk factor-patterns for CVD. The main differences were related to working conditions and lifestyle factors of the reindeer herding Sami - the women showed a more unfavourable risk factor pattern than the men. Higher incidences of stroke were observed among Sami men and women compared to their non-Sami neighbours while the mortality rates of stroke were similar. The mortality ratio of AMI was increased for Sami women in spite of similar incidence ratios. A higher risk of SAH was observed among all groups of Sami. According to traditional socioeconomic risk factors, the differences in the levels of income and education observed between the Sami and the non-Sami, were poorely associated with the disparities of CVD. As has been shown, only minor differences in the health indicators were found between the Sami and their non-Sami neighbours. This is in clear contrast to several other native populations for which the health situation is largely unfavourable in comparison with that of the general population. The observed differences between the Sami and the non-Sami probably reflect differences in lifestyle, psychosocial and genetic factors. The relation between these factors and the acculturation process is dicussed, and it is suggested that separation or segregation of the reindeer herding Sami and the assimilation of the other Sami have influenced the health condition of the Sami, but with the largest impact probably prior to 1961 and the earliest start of follow-up for the studies in this thesis. Thus, the similarities in health between the Sami and the non-Sami 1961-2002, are probably a result of centuries of close interaction that has caused similarities in culture, attitudes and lifestyle, as well as equal accessibility to the health care services and the social security systems.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Hu, Kejia, et al.
(författare)
-
Aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and depression, anxiety, and stress-related disorders following a cancer diagnosis : a nationwide register-based cohort study
- 2020
-
Ingår i: BMC Medicine. - : BioMed Central. - 1741-7015. ; 18:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Cancer patients have a highly increased risk of psychiatric disorders following diagnosis, compared with cancer-free individuals. Inflammation is involved in the development of both cancer and psychiatric disorders. The role of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the subsequent risk of psychiatric disorders after cancer diagnosis is however unknown.METHODS: We performed a cohort study of all patients diagnosed with a first primary malignancy between July 2006 and December 2013 in Sweden. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association of NSAID use during the year before cancer diagnosis with the risk of depression, anxiety, and stress-related disorders during the first year after cancer diagnosis.RESULTS: Among 316,904 patients identified, 5613 patients received a diagnosis of depression, anxiety, or stress-related disorders during the year after cancer diagnosis. Compared with no use of NSAIDs, the use of aspirin alone was associated with a lower rate of depression, anxiety, and stress-related disorders (hazard ratio [HR], 0.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.81 to 0.97), whereas the use of non-aspirin NSAIDs alone was associated with a higher rate (HR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.15 to 1.32), after adjustment for sociodemographic factors, comorbidity, indications for NSAID use, and cancer characteristics. The association of aspirin with reduced rate of depression, anxiety, and stress-related disorders was strongest for current use (HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.75 to 0.93), low-dose use (HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.80 to 0.98), long-term use (HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.76 to 0.94), and among patients with cardiovascular disease (HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.68 to 0.95) or breast cancer (HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.56 to 0.98).CONCLUSION: Pre-diagnostic use of aspirin was associated with a decreased risk of depression, anxiety, and stress-related disorders during the first year following cancer diagnosis.
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| 43. |
- Ineland, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
-
Attitudes towards mental disorders and psychiatric treatment : changes over time in a Swedish population
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 62:3, s. 192-197
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the years a lot of research of attitudes towards mental disorders, towards people with mental illness and towards psychiatric services and treatment have shown a persistent negative attitude. There are, however, few studies on changes over time. The aim of this study was to compare responses to a questionnaire on attitudes towards mental disorders and psychiatric patients and the perception of psychiatric treatment in a community in northern Sweden in 1976 and 2003. In 1976 a random sample of 391 persons 18-70 years of age were asked and in 2003 a new sample of 500 persons from the same community were approached with the same questions. There are considerable changes over time. In 2003, almost 90% agree to the statement that mental illness harms the reputation more than physical illness, compared with 50% in 1976. In 2003, 51% agreed to the statement "Most people with mental disorders commit violent acts more than others" compared with 24% in 1976. There is an apparent ambivalence towards psychiatric treatment. Whilst 88% would advice a person with mental problems to contact a psychiatrist, still 26% would not like themselves to be referred to a psychiatrist. We argue that improving treatment methods is as important as changing attitudes through accurate information.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Johansson, Asa, et al.
(författare)
-
Linkage disequilibrium between microsatellite markers in the Swedish Sami relative to a worldwide selection of populations
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Human Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-6717 .- 1432-1203. ; 116:1-2, s. 105-13
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pattern of linkage disequilibriurn (LD) is affected by a number of factors, including population dernography. High LD is seen in populations with a relatively limited and constant size, presurnably due to genetic drift. We have examined the extent of LD arnong over 300 genome-wide pattern microsatellite loci in 29 populations from around the world. The pattern of LD vari ed between populations, with larger extent of LO in populations with limited size relative to larger populations. In addition, the LD between 88 less spaced microsatellite ffiarkers from 10 different genornic regions were examined in the Sami compared to the general Swedish population. For the se ffiarkers increased LD extending up to 5 Mb was detected in the Sami. The arnount of LD also differed between the chrornosornal regions. The arnount of LD in the Sami makes this population suited for mapping ofcornplex genetic traits
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| 46. |
- Johansson Sjölander, Johanna, 1980, et al.
(författare)
-
The fission yeast FHIT homolog affects checkpoint control of proliferation and is regulated by mitochondrial electron transport.
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Cell Biology International. - : Wiley. - 1095-8355 .- 1065-6995. ; 44:2, s. 412-423
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genetic analysis has strongly implicated human FHIT (Fragile Histidine Triad) as a tumor suppressor gene, being mutated in a large proportion of early-stage cancers. The functions of the FHIT protein have, however, remained elusive. Here, we investigated aph1+ , the fission yeast homolog of FHIT, for functions related to checkpoint control and oxidative metabolism. In sublethal concentrations of DNA damaging agents, aph1Δ mutants grew with a substantially shorter lag phase. In aph1Δ mutants carrying a hypomorphic allele of cds1 (the fission yeast homolog of Chk2), in addition, increased chromosome fragmentation and missegregation were found. We also found that under hypoxia or impaired electron transport function, the Aph1 protein level was strongly depressed. Previously, FHIT has been linked to regulation of the human 9-1-1 checkpoint complex constituted by Hus1, Rad1, and Rad9. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the levels of all three 9-1-1 proteins are all downregulated by hypoxia in similarity with Aph1. Moreover, deletion of the aph1+ gene reduced the Rad1 protein level, indicating a direct relationship between these two proteins. We conclude that the fission yeast FHIT homolog has a role in modulating DNA damage checkpoint function, possibly through an effect on the 9-1-1 complex, and that this effect may be critical under conditions of limiting oxidative metabolism and reoxygenation.
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| 47. |
- Kaiser, Niclas, et al.
(författare)
-
Depression and anxiety in the reindeer-herding Sami population of Sweden
- 2010
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Circumpolar Health. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1239-9736 .- 2242-3982. ; 69:4, s. 383-393
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives. The objective of this study was to investigate symptoms and predicting factors of depression and anxiety among reindeer-herding Sami in Sweden. Study design. A total of 319 reindeer-herding Sami (168 men, 151 women) were compared with urban and rural reference populations comprising 1,393 persons (662 men, 731 women). Methods. A cross-sectional questionnaire study on mental health, which included the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Data were analysed with regard to population, gender, age group, education and work-related stress. Results. The Sami population disclosed higher mean values for both depression and anxiety than the reference groups, with Sami men reporting the highest rates. Work-related stress was associated with anxiety and depression in the Sami group. Conclusions. By comparing Sami men and women with reference groups of men and women living in urban and rural areas in northern Sweden, this study identified that reindeer-herding Sami men require special attention with regard to mental health problems.
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| 48. |
- Kaiser, Niclas, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Depression and anxiety in the reindeer-herding Sami population of Sweden
- 2010
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Circumpolar Health. - Oulu : International Association of Circumpolar Health Publishers. - 1239-9736 .- 2242-3982. ; 69:4, s. 383-393
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives. The objective of this study was to investigate symptoms and predicting factors of depression and anxiety among reindeer-herding Sami in Sweden. Study design. A total of 319 reindeer-herding Sami (168 men, 151 women) were compared with urban and rural reference populations comprising 1,393 persons (662 men, 731 women). Methods. A cross-sectional questionnaire study on mental health, which included the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Data were analysed with regard to population, gender, age group, education and work-related stress. Results. The Sami population disclosed higher mean values for both depression and anxiety than the reference groups, with Sami men reporting the highest rates. Work-related stress was associated with anxiety and depression in the Sami group. Conclusions. By comparing Sami men and women with reference groups of men and women living in urban and rural areas in northern Sweden, this study identified that reindeer-herding Sami men require special attention with regard to mental health problems.
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| 49. |
- Kjellström, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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The level of development of nursing assistants' value system predicts their views on paternalistic care and personal autonomy
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Ageing and Later Life. - : Linkoping University Electronic Press. - 1652-8670. ; 9:1, s. 35-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The quality of care is substantially influenced by the staff‘s value priorities. The purpose of this study was to identify and characterize value systems among nursing assistants and nurses’ aides, and to assess relations between their value systems and views on good care. A cross-sectional, quantitative study in a Swedish municipality was performed (N226). Three distinct value systems were identified, and they corresponded to early (n121), middle (n88), and late (n17) conventional stages ofego development. Early conventional value systems emphasized strict rules, routines and working conditions of staff, while middle and, in particularly, late conventional value systems stressed individualization and autonomy of older people. Assessment of value system, socio-demographic, and occupational variables showed that the value systems had a stronger predictive impact on views on care ethics, participation, and autonomy. The results indicate that staff with late conventional value systems prioritized older persons’ exercise of autonomy, while paternalism held priority in staff with early conventional value systems.
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| 50. |
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