| 1. |
- Asp, Viktoria, et al.
(författare)
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Enskildas ansvar vid allvarliga olyckor och kriser : Det offentligas syn och den enskildes agerande
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rapporten belyser det offentligas syn på enskildas ansvartagande och enskildas faktiska agerande före, under och efter allvarliga olyckor och kriser. Offentliga dokument som utredningar, skrivelser och propositioner från åren 2001-2013 har analyserats. Hur den enskilda har agerat har undersökts genom en tematisk analys av befintliga studier och utvärderingar. Ett särskilt fokus har legat på enskildas agerade under flodvågskatastrofen i Sydostasien 2004, stormen Gudrun 2005, den nya influensan 2009 och snöovädret 2010.Genomgången av de offentliga dokumenten visar att enskildas ansvar ofta beskrivs i generella ordalag. Ansvaret har blivit något tydligare sedan utredningen Säkerhet i en ny tid gavs ut 2001 och fram till budgetpropositionen 2012. Den övergripande bilden som ges är att enskilda inom rimliga ramar ska vara förberedda och kunna hantera uppkomna situationer. Om enskilda genom att vara förberedda själva kan klara mindre situationer ökar förutsättningarna för att det offentliga ska kunna hantera de mer omfattande konsekvenserna av allvarliga händelser.I de offentliga dokumenten poängteras vikten av information till allmänheten. Informationen ska ge enskilda kunskap om hur krishanteringssystemet fungerar, vilka aktörer som ansvarar för vad och hur gränsdragningen mellan samhällets ansvar och enskildas ansvar ser ut. Det offentliga har även stor tilltro till att information och kunskap ska leda till att enskilda förbereder sig inför olyckor och kriser. Forskning visar dock att kunskap om risker inte per automatik leder till att man vidtar säkerhetsåtgärder, som att teckna försäkringar, vaccinera sig eller undvika risker. I vilken utsträckning enskilda vidtar säkerhetsåtgärder handlar istället om social inkludering, inkomstnivå, personliga rutiner samt hur man ser på ansvarsfördelningen mellan enskilda och det offentliga.Allmänheten har höga förväntningar på att samhället ska fungera och att det offentliga ska ge skydd och stöd i en kris. I flera utredningar, propositioner och lagtexter har det offentliga försökt sätta förväntningarna på vad de anser vara en rimlig nivå. Det innebär att ansvaret i första hand ska ligga på den enskilde och att försäkringar är en viktig del för att den enskilde ska kunna ta ansvar. Vid ett antal kriser har det offentliga stöttat enskilda och inledande krav på ersättning har slopats. Detta agerande ger allmänheten dubbla budskap. Om det offentliga önskar att enskildas förväntningar i högre utsträckning ska överensstämma med lagstiftningen bör detta återspeglas i krishanteringen.
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| 2. |
- Asp, Viktoria, et al.
(författare)
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Utvärdering av grundkurs för Räddningsinsats : Måluppfyllelse och målrelevans
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Över 60 procent av brandmännen i Sverige är anställda som räddningstjänstpersonal i beredskap och arbetar deltid inom kommunal räddningstjänst. Deras huvudsakliga utbildning är grundkurs för Räddningsinsats som årligen genomförs på ett flertal platser i landet med MSB som huvudman.Utvärderingen visar att grundkurs för Räddningsinsats är en uppskattad utbildning, både av studerande och avnämare, som i hög grad uppfyller räddningstjänsternas behov. Trots detta finns det många förslag på förbättringar av utbildningen. Många synpunkter handlar om att anpassa utbildningen till förändringar som skett inom räddningstjänsterna. Kunskapsområdet Prehospitalt akut omhändertagande bör utökas med suicidkunskap, anhörigstöd och socialt omhändertagande samt hjärt-lungräddning för att anpassa kunskapsområdet till nya behov. För att öka studerandenas förståelse för samtliga kunskapsområdens relevans bör en stor del av undervisningen och övningarna vara ämnesövergripande. Övningarna bör också genomföras med en flexibel syn på insatsorganisation och med ett jämnt fokus på olika släckmetoder.Många respondenter har efterfrågat en anpassning av grundkurs för Räddningsinsats till lokala förhållanden. Eftersom skillnaderna mellan landets räddningstjänster vad gäller organisering, riskbilder och stationernas behov, är stora bör en sådan anpassning göras under preparandkursen och inte under grundkursen.
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| 3. |
- Bergström, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Miljöbedömning och miljöbeskrivning i väg- och järnvägsprojekt : Vägledning
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna vägledning förmedlar Trafikverkets syn på hur de båda processerna miljöbedömning och miljöbeskrivning bör tillämpas i planläggning och projektering av väg- och järnvägsprojekt, med utgångspunkt från lagkrav, praxis och Trafikverkets erfarenheter. Den tar även upp innehållet i de båda dokumenten miljökonsekvensbeskrivning och miljöbeskrivning som kommer ut av de båda processerna. Vägledningen syftar till att bidra till integrering av miljöaspekter i planläggning och projektering av vägar och järnvägar samt till en god kvalitet på genomförande och redovisning. Den syftar även till att miljöbedömningar och miljöbeskrivningar ska genomföras på ett likartat sätt i hela Trafikverket och få en jämn kvalitet. Vägledningen riktar sig främst till Trafikverkets konsulter och egna miljöspecialister som gör miljöbedömningar och miljöbeskrivningar i Trafikverkets väg- och järnvägsprojekt. Vägledningen ersätter Trafikverkets Handbok om metodik för miljökonsekvensbeskrivning för vägar och järnvägar (Trafikverket 2011:090). Den ersätter också texter om MKB och miljöbeskrivning i Trafikverkets Rapport planläggning av vägar och järnvägar. Vägledningen innehåller bland annat:relevant lagstiftning och målbeskrivning om hur miljö integreras samt miljöbedömningens roll och moment i planläggningens olika skedensamråd, samrådsunderlag, utredning om betydande miljöpåverkan och miljökonsekvensbeskrivningens (MKB) innehåll Trafikverkets syn på hantering av miljöaspekter, behov av att koppla dessa till miljöintressen för vilka konsekvenser beskrivs
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| 4. |
- Ekström, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
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Smell Loss Predicts Mortality Risk Regardless of Dementia Conversion
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of The American Geriatrics Society. - : Wiley. - 0002-8614 .- 1532-5415. ; 65:6, s. 1238-1243
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectivesTo determine whether dementia could explain the association between poor olfactory performance and mortality risk within a decade-long follow-up period.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingBetula Study, Umeå, Sweden.ParticipantsA population-based sample of adult participants without dementia at baseline aged 40 to 90 (N = 1,774).MeasurementsOlfactory performance using the Scandinavian Odor-Identification Test (SOIT) and self-reported olfactory function; several social, cognitive, and medical risk factors at baseline; and incident dementia during the following decade.ResultsWithin the 10-year follow-up, 411 of 1,774 (23.2%) participants had died. In a Cox model, the association between higher SOIT score and lower mortality was significant (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.74 per point interval, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.71-0.77, P < .001). The effect was attenuated, but remained significant, after controlling for age, sex, education, and health-related and cognitive variables (HR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.87-0.97, P = .001). The association between SOIT score and mortality was retained after controlling for dementia conversion before death (HR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.87-0.97, P = .001). Similar results were obtained for self-reported olfactory dysfunction.ConclusionPoor odor identification and poor self-reported olfactory function are associated with greater likelihood of future mortality. Dementia does not attenuate the association between olfactory loss and mortality, suggesting that olfactory loss might mark deteriorating health, irrespective of dementia.
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| 5. |
- Eleftheriou, Nikolas M., et al.
(författare)
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Compound genetically engineered mouse models of cancer reveal dual targeting of ALK1 and endoglin as a synergistic opportunity to impinge on angiogenic TGF-β signaling
- 2016
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Ingår i: Oncotarget. - : Impact Journals, LLC. - 1949-2553. ; 7:51, s. 84314-84325
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Angiogenesis occurs early in tumor development, sustains primary tumor growth and provides a route for metastatic escape. The TGF-β family receptors modulate angiogenesis via endothelial-cell specific pathways. Here we investigate the interaction of two such receptors, ALK1 and endoglin, in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNET). Independently, ALK1 and endoglin deficiencies exhibited genetically divergent phenotypes, while both highly correlate to an endothelial metagene in human and mouse PanNETs. A concurrent deficiency of both receptors synergistically decreased tumor burden to a greater extent than either individual knockdown. Furthermore, the knockout of Gdf2 (BMP9), the primary ligand for ALK1 and endoglin, exhibited a mixed phenotype from each of ALK1 and endoglin deficiencies; overall primary tumor burden decreased, but hepatic metastases increased. Tumors lacking BMP9 display a hyperbranching vasculature, and an increase in vascular mesenchymal-marker expression, which may be implicit in the increase in metastases. Taken together, our work cautions against singular blockade of BMP9 and instead demonstrates the utility of dual blockade of ALK1 and endoglin as a strategy for antiangiogenic therapy in PanNET.
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| 6. |
- Farrants, Kristin, et al.
(författare)
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Trajectories of future sickness absence and disability pension days among individuals with a new sickness absence spell due to osteoarthritis diagnosis ≥21 days : a prospective cohort study with 13-month follow-up
- 2019
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 9:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Osteoarthritis is one of the most common types of musculoskeletal diagnoses also among working-age populations, and often leads to long-term sickness absence (SA) spells or even disability pension (DP).THE AIM: was to identify future trajectories of days of SA and/or DP among people with a new SA spell due to osteoarthritis that became ≥21 long, and to investigate sociodemographic and morbidity characteristics of individuals in identified trajectories.METHODS: tests and multinomial logistic regression.RESULTS: We identified five trajectories of SA/DP days: 'fast decrease' (36% of the cohort), 'medium fast decrease' (29%), 'slow decrease' (15%), 'fluctuating' (12%) and 'late decrease' (8%). Individuals in the two trajectories who still had SA/DP days at end of follow-up (late decrease and fluctuating) were more likely to be older, born outside the EU and have indicators of more severe morbidity than those in the other trajectories.CONCLUSION: Five trajectories of future SA/DP days were identified; 80% of the cohort belonged to trajectories with no SA/DP by the end of follow-up. Identifying trajectories of future SA/DP provides new insights regarding the developments of SA/DP over time among people on SA due to osteoarthritis; not only days in the initial SA spell but also in new spells during follow-up need to be included for a better understanding.
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| 7. |
- Fors, Fredrik, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Terrorattackerna i London den 7 juli 2005 : Brittiska lokala och regionala myndigheters agerande och lärdomar för det svenska krishanteringssystemet
- 2006
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Strax före klockan nio på morgonen den 7 juli 2005 inträffade de första självmordsbombningarnanågonsin i Västeuropa. Tre tunnelbanetåg i centrala Londonsprängdes i en samtidig attack klockan 08.50. Ungefär en timme senare skeddeden fjärde attacken, då en bomb detonerade på en buss. Sammanlagt dödades56 människor i terrorattentatet och 755 människor skadades.Denna observatörsrapport syftar till att identifiera erfarenheter och lärdomarfrån hanteringen av terrorattentatet i London som är relevanta för det svenskakrishanteringssystemet. Detta görs genom att kartlägga händelseförloppet samtbeskriva och förklara de regionala och lokala myndigheternas agerande,beslutsfattande, samverkande och lärande i samband med terrorattentatet.I ett inledande kapitel sammanfattas lärdomar för det svenska krishanteringssystemet.Två frågor står i fokus: Vad kan svenska krishanterare lära av händelsernaden 7 juli 2005? Vilka av erfarenheterna från London är väsentligaatt ta med i den fortsatta utvecklingen av det svenska krishanteringssystemet?Andra delar av rapporten ger bakgrundsinformation kring krishantering iLondon och Storbritannien, redovisar händelseförloppet under terrorattacken,samt analyserar de brittiska organisationernas agerande.
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| 8. |
- Gottvall, Maria, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Health-related quality of life among Syrian refugees resettled in Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: Quality of Life Research. - : Springer. - 0962-9343 .- 1573-2649. ; 29:2, s. 505-514
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose The main purpose of this study was to assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among Syrian refugees resettled in Sweden. Further, we wanted to investigate whether sex, age, education, area of residence, cohabitation and social support were associated with HRQoL in this population. Methods This is a cross-sectional study including 1215 Syrian refugees from a randomly selected sample frame resettled in Sweden between the years 2011 and 2013. HRQoL was measured by the EQ-5D-5L descriptive system, and EQ-5D-5L index values were calculated. Associations between sex, age, education, area of residence, cohabitation, social support and EQ-5D-5L were investigated using multiple linear regression analysis. Results Depression/anxiety was the most commonly (61.9%) reported EQ-5D-5L problem among the group of Syrian refugees. The mean EQ-5D-5L index value was found to be 0.754. Male sex, younger age, cohabitation and social support were found associated with a higher EQ-5D-5L index score. Conclusions Our results concerning long-lasting health problems among the study population indicate that there is a profound need for policies and interventions promoting refugees' health. Our results also show that social support, a modifiable factor, is relevant to refugees' overall health, pointing to the importance of public health interventions and policies targeting the facilitation, mobilization and enhancing of refugees' social support.
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| 9. |
- Larsson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Loss of Olfactory Function Predicts Mortality Irrespective of Dementia Conversion : 10-year follow-up of an age-varied sample
- 2016
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Ingår i: Chemical Senses. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0379-864X .- 1464-3553. ; 41:9, s. e111-e288
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to examine the association between performance in odor identification and future mortality in a community cohort of adults aged between 40 and 90 years. We assessed olfactory performance with a 13-item-version of the Scandinavian Odor Identification Test (SOIT). The results showed that during follow-up (mean=9.4 years, standard deviation=2.23), 411 of 1774 (23.2%) participants died. In a Cox model, the association between higher SOIT score and mortality was highly significant (hazard ratio [HR]=0.74, per point interval, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.71–0.77, p<0.001). The effect was attenuated, but remained significant after controlling for age, sex, education, and health and cognitive variables that were also associated with an increased risk of mortality (HR=0.92, 95% CI=0.87–0.97, p=0.001). Controlling for dementia conversion prior to death did not attenuate the association between SOIT score and mortality (HR=0.92, 95% CI=0.87–0.97, p=0.001). Similar results were obtained for olfactory sensitivity as assessed by self-report. Overall, the present findings show that poor odor identification performance is associated with an increased likelihood of future mortality in middle-aged and older adults, after controlling for social, cognitive, and medical risk factors. Most importantly, controlling for the development of dementia did not attenuate the association between odor identification and mortality, suggesting that olfactory decline might mark deteriorating health also irrespective of dementia.
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| 10. |
- Nyström, Jenny, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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CRIM1 is localized to the podocyte filtration slit diaphragm of the adult human kidney
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nephrol Dial Transplant. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2385 .- 1460-2385 .- 0931-0509. ; 24:7, s. 2038-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: CRIM1 is a plasma membrane bound protein containing six cysteine-rich repeats (CRR). Through these, CRIM1 has been shown to interact with a subgroup of the TGF-beta superfamily, the bone morphogenic proteins (BMP) isoforms 2, 4 and 7. The probable action is to modulate the signalling properties of these factors. CRIM1 has also been shown to regulate the release of VEGFA by podocytes during renal organogenesis. Knock-out studies in mice have shown that CRIM1 is critically involved in the development of the central nervous system, eye and kidney. Replacement of CRIM1 with a defective version leads to renal dysgenesis and perinatal death. We have analysed the distribution of CRIM1 in adult human renal tissue. METHODS: To this end, we have used immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy. We performed western blotting for the CRIM1 protein, using lysates from isolated glomerular podocytes and human renal tissue homogenate. By using quantitative PCR, we compared the CRIM1 mRNA levels in podocytes, human renal tissue homogenate, primary human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells and primary human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. RESULTS: The results show that in the human adult kidney, CRIM1 is mainly expressed in the glomerular podocytes and is associated with the insertional region of the filtration slit diaphragm (SD) of the podocyte pedicles. CONCLUSIONS: CRIM1 is a protein that should be added to the list of proteins associated with the podocyte filtration SD and with the probable action of modulating BMP and VEGFA signalling.
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| 11. |
- Olofsson, Jonas K., et al.
(författare)
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Smell-based memory training : Evidence of olfactory learning andtransfer to a visual task
- 2024
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In cognitive training interventions, engaging in visual processing tasks rarely stimulate transfer of learning to untrained tasks. Human and animal research suggests that the sense of smell, olfaction, are intimately associated with visual-spatial orientation and memory encoding networks. In this study, we investigated if olfactory enhancement would facilitate visuo-spatial learning. We devised an odor memory intervention to investigate “asymmetric” transfer effects such that odor-based memory training would transfer to a visual-based memory gain, but not vice versa. Participants were randomly assigned to daily memory training for 40 days with either the odor task or a visual control task with a similar difficulty level. Results showed that while visual training did not produce transfer, olfactory training produced transfer to the untrained visual memory task. Furthermore, odor training uniquely improved participants’ performance on odor discrimination and naming tasks to achieve the performance level of wine experts. Our results indicate that the olfactory system is highly responsive to training, and the sense of smell might be a promising vehicle to achieve perceptual and cognitive enhancement.
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| 12. |
- Reid, Steven E, et al.
(författare)
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Cancer-associated fibroblasts rewire the estrogen receptor response in luminal breast cancer, enabling estrogen independence
- 2024
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Ingår i: Oncogene. - 1476-5594.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Advanced breast cancers represent a major therapeutic challenge due to their refractoriness to treatment. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the most abundant constituents of the tumor microenvironment and have been linked to most hallmarks of cancer. However, the influence of CAFs on therapeutic outcome remains largely unchartered. Here, we reveal that spatial coincidence of abundant CAF infiltration with malignant cells was associated with reduced estrogen receptor (ER)-α expression and activity in luminal breast tumors. Notably, CAFs mediated estrogen-independent tumor growth by selectively regulating ER-α signaling. Whereas most prototypical estrogen-responsive genes were suppressed, CAFs maintained gene expression related to therapeutic resistance, basal-like differentiation, and invasion. A functional drug screen in co-cultures identified effector pathways involved in the CAF-induced regulation of ER-α signaling. Among these, the Transforming Growth Factor-β and the Janus kinase signaling cascades were validated as actionable targets to counteract the CAF-induced modulation of ER-α activity. Finally, genes that were downregulated in cancer cells by CAFs were predictive of poor response to endocrine treatment. In conclusion, our work reveals that CAFs directly control the luminal breast cancer phenotype by selectively modulating ER-α expression and transcriptional function, and further proposes novel targets to disrupt the crosstalk between CAFs and tumor cells to reinstate treatment response to endocrine therapy in patients.
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| 13. |
- Roswall, Pernilla, et al.
(författare)
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Microenvironmental control of breast cancer subtype elicited through paracrine platelet-derived growth factor-CC signaling
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-170X .- 1078-8956. ; 24, s. 463-473
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Breast tumors of the basal-like, hormone receptor-negative subtype remain an unmet clinical challenge, as there is high rate of recurrence and poor survival in patients following treatment. Coevolution of the malignant mammary epithelium and its underlying stroma instigates cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) to support most, if not all, hallmarks of cancer progression. Here we delineate a previously unappreciated role for CAFs as determinants of the molecular subtype of breast cancer. We identified paracrine crosstalk between cancer cells expressing platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-CC and CAFs expressing the cognate receptors in human basal-like mammary carcinomas. Genetic or pharmacological intervention of PDGF-CC activity in mouse models of cancer resulted in conversion of basal-like breast cancers into a hormone receptor-positive state that enhanced sensitivity to endocrine therapy in previously resistant tumors. We conclude that specification of breast cancer to the basal-like subtype is under microenvironmental control and is therapeutically actionable.
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| 14. |
- Sjölund, Sara
(författare)
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Cognitive ability, alcohol use and alcohol-related harm
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Cognitive ability has been shown to be inversely associated with several health outcomes, both somatic and psychiatric. The findings regarding the association between cognitive function and alcohol-related outcomes have however not been consistent. Furthermore, there has been a lack of knowledge regarding possible differences between genders and what mechanisms there would be that could explain the association. Also, information regarding school performance and alcohol-related outcomes has been needed. The overarching aim of this thesis was to further investigate the association between cognitive function, alcohol use and alcohol-related harm. Three different data bases were used in this thesis, The Swedish Conscript Cohort consisting of 49 321 Swedish males, the Evaluation Through Follow-up data base with a total of 21 809 Swedish men and women and School Register data with a total of 213 395 Swedish men and women. In study I, using the Swedish Conscript cohort, we investigated the association between IQ-test results from late adolescence and alcohol-related hospital admission and death. An inverse, grade association was found for both outcomes. This was a longitudinal, cohort study. In study II, using the Swedish Conscript cohort, the association between IQ-test results in late adolescence and alcohol consumption, measured both as total alcohol intake and pattern of drinking. Lower IQ-test results were found to be associated with a higher alcohol consumption, regarding both outcomes. In study III, using the Evaluation Through Follow-up data base, we found an inverse graded association between IQ-test results measured in childhood and alcohol-related hospital admission and death. There seemed to be no interaction for gender in the association, and socio-economic position as adult was assessed to at least partly mediate in the found association, for both outcomes. In study IV, using School register data, we found a graded, inverse association between grade point average from 9th grade and alcohol-related admission to hospital, for both men and women. IQ-test result did not seem to be a confounder in the association. In conclusion, we found that IQ-test results and school grades were inversely associated with alcohol use and alcohol-related harm. The results were similar for men and women, where investigated and socio-economic position as adult, was assessed a possible mediator in the association between intelligence and alcohol-related harm.
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| 15. |
- Sjölund, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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IQ and alcohol-related morbidity and mortality among Swedish men and women: the importance of socioeconomic position
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. - : BMJ. - 0143-005X .- 1470-2738. ; 69, s. 858-864
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: To investigate the association between intelligence in childhood and later risk of alcohol-related disease and death by examining (1) the mediating effect of social position as an adult and (2) gender as a possible moderator. DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: 21 809 Swedish men and women, born in 1948 and 1953, from the Swedish "Evaluation Through Follow-up" database were followed until 2006/2007. MEASUREMENTS: IQ was measured in school at the age of 13 and alcohol-related disease and death (International Classification of Disease codes) were followed from 1971 and onwards. FINDINGS: We found an increased crude HR of 1.23 (95% CI 1.18 to 1.29) for every decrease in group of IQ test results for alcohol-related admissions and 1.14 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.24) for alcohol-related death. Social position as an adult was found to mediate both outcomes. Gender was not found to moderate the association. However, adjusting for socioeconomic position lowered the risk more among men than among women. CONCLUSIONS: There was an inverse, graded association between IQ and alcohol-related disease and death, which at least partially was mediated by social position as an adult. For alcohol-related death, complete mediation by socioeconomic position as an adult was found. Gender does not moderate this association. The role of socioeconomic position may differ between the genders.
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| 16. |
- Sjölund, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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IQ and Level of Alcohol Consumption-Findings from a National Survey of Swedish Conscripts
- 2015
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Ingår i: Alcoholism. - : Wiley. - 0145-6008 .- 1530-0277. ; 39:3, s. 548-555
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Studies of the association between IQ and alcohol consumption have shown conflicting results. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between IQ test results and alcohol consumption, measured as both total alcohol intake and pattern of alcohol use.Methods: The study population consists of 49,321 Swedish males born 1949 to 1951 who were conscripted for Swedish military service 1969 to 1970. IQ test results were available from tests performed at conscription. Questionnaires performed at conscription provided data on total alcohol intake (consumed grams of alcohol/wk) and pattern of drinking. Multinomial and binomial logistic regressions were performed on the cross-sectional data to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Adjustments were made for socioeconomic position as a child, psychiatric symptoms and emotional stability, and father's alcohol habits.Results: We found an increased OR of 1.20 (1.17 to 1.23) for every step decrease on the stanine scale to be a high consumer versus a light consumer of alcohol. For binge drinking, an increased OR of 1.09 (95% CI=1.08 to 1.11) was estimated for every step decrease on the stanine scale. Adjustment for confounders attenuated the associations. Also, IQ in adolescence was found to be inversely associated with moderate/high alcohol consumption measured in middle age.Conclusions: We found that lower results on IQ tests are associated with higher consumption of alcohol measured in terms of both total alcohol intake and binge drinking in Swedish adolescent men.
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| 17. |
- Sjölund, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Phantom Smells : Prevalence and Correlates in a Population-Based Sample of Older Adults
- 2017
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Ingår i: Chemical Senses. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0379-864X .- 1464-3553. ; 42:4, s. 309-318
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Loss of olfactory function is common in old age, but evidence regarding qualitative olfactory dysfunction in the general older population is scarce. The current study investigates the prevalence and correlates of phantom smell experiences (phantosmia) in a population-based study (Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen [SNAC-K]) of Swedish adults (n = 2569) aged between 60 and 90 years. Phantosmia was assessed through a standardized interview and defined as reporting having experienced an odor percept in the absence of any stimuli in the surrounding environment that could emit the odor. The relationships between phantosmia and demographic, genetic, health-related, and behavioral variables were analyzed with hierarchical logistic regression analyses. The overall prevalence of phantom smells was 4.9%, and was associated with female gender, carrying the met allele of the BDNF gene, higher vascular risk burden, and reporting distorted smell sensations (parosmia). Olfactory dysfunction was, however, not related to phantosmia. The most frequently reported phantom smell was smoky/burnt. A novel finding was that some individuals reported phantom smells with an autobiographical connotation. The results from this study indicate that the prevalence of phantosmia in the general older population is not negligible and that some factors that are beneficial for preserved olfactory function, such as female gender and the BDNF met allele, are also associated with the occurrence of phantom smells.
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- Tengqvist, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Regional samverkan kring samhällsutmaningar : en kartläggning av exempel på långsiktig organisering
- 2024
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- För att kunna möta komplexa samhällsutmaningar, såsom ohälsa, arbetslöshet, segregation och klimatförändringar, på nytänkande sätt krävs ofta samverkan mellan olika samhällsaktörer och samhällssektorer. Komplexiteten i dessa samhällsutmaningar gör att de kan ta lång tid att komma till rätta med, vilket skapar ett behov av långsiktiga former för samverkan bortom tidsbegränsade projekt. Detta gäller inte minst på regional nivå, det vill säga geografiska områden som sträcker sig över kommungränser, men som inte omfattar hela länder (även om de kan överskrida landsgränser). Regional samverkan kring samhällsutmaningar har bland annat diskuterats i termer av så kallade “ekosystem” för social innovation. Med ekosystem menas kopplingen mellan olika faktorer som påverkar möjligheterna att utveckla sociala innovationer, i form av aktörer, resurser, strukturer och normer. Med social innovation menas nytänkande sätt att möta samhällsutmaningar och förbättra människors livsvillkor, genom nya sociala praktiker, relationer och strukturer. I denna rapport presenteras en kartläggning av svenska och internationella exempel på regional samverkan kring samhällsutmaningar. Syftet är att samla och sprida kunskaper och erfarenheter, som inspiration till att vidareutveckla stödstrukturer för social innovation. Kartläggningen har genomförts av Mötesplats Social Innovation (MSI) som är en nationell kunskaps- och samverkansplattform, med säte vid Malmö universitet och med regionala noder vid Högskolan i Borås, Jönköping University, Luleå tekniska universitet, Malmö universitet, Umeå universitet och Örebro universitet. Rapporten är framtagen inom ramen för Sveriges nationella kompetenscenter för social innovation i Europeiska Socialfonden (ESF) som drivs av MSI på uppdrag av Svenska ESF-rådet.
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