| 1. |
- Kattge, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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TRY plant trait database - enhanced coverage and open access
- 2020
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 26:1, s. 119-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.
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| 2. |
- Hesselgren, Mia, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding user practices in mobility service systems : Results from studying large scale corporate MaaS in practice
- 2020
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Ingår i: Travel Behaviour and Society. - : Elsevier. - 2214-367X. ; 21, s. 318-327
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mobility as a Service (MaaS), where different shared modes of transportation are bundled into one easily accessible service, plays an important role in the shift towards more sustainable transport systems. In this article, we present empirical research with the aim to understand how the barriers to increased shared travel with MaaS can be lowered. The concept of corporate MaaS (CMaaS) is introduced, and empirical results are presented from a study of CMaaS at a workplace of 14,000 employees in Sweden. The findings are based on 77 interviews with CMaaS users, performed in four iterative rounds using service design methods. Social practice theories are used as analytical lens to attempt to understand travel practices in the context of CMaaS. As CMaaS (and MaaS) are socio-technical systems, several perspectives need to be integrated in order to reach this understanding; all system components, including materials (e.g. the user application, the transport modes), competences (knowledge of how to use the materials), and meanings (understandings of travel habits, lifestyle choices, and employer relations) need to be analysed. Through this analytical lens, three barriers to adoption of CMaaS and sustainable transport were identified: inadequate integration of the internal transport system with external transport systems; corporate policy, culture and norms that conflict with using the services; and system limitations due to laws and regulations. All these barriers are also relevant for understanding MaaS services in general.
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| 3. |
- Ilstedt, Sara, Professor, et al.
(författare)
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The value of being close : Social and ecological sustainability in co-living for students
- 2022
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Ingår i: DRS2022. - Bilbao, Spain : Design Research Society. ; , s. 1-17
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sustainability challenges demands that we live smaller and more efficient in terms of re-sources and energy, at the same time, loneliness and mental unhealth are in-creasing among young people and students. One solution to both ecological and social sustain-ability is provided by coliving, where a small group of people share a home. Living in a shared home is an opportunity for friendship and sense of community but is also associated with frictions. This paper describes an interdisciplinary and experimental research project about coliving for students and particularly focuses on the social aspects and new practices of living together. We conclude that a small homelike environment has great potential to create the social belonging young people need as well as spreading sustainable practices, but there has to be a so-cial and practical structures there from the start in order to create a resilient and safe space for living.
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| 4. |
- Radon, Anita, et al.
(författare)
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Entreprenörskap och kreativitet i design- och modeföretag
- 2013
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Ingår i: Kreativt Kapital. Om ledning och organisation i kulturella och kreativa näringar. - : Stockholm, 8tto. - 9789187419065
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Kreativitet och entreprenörskap nämns i olika sammanhang som positiva drivkrafter för ökad konkurrenskraft. Entreprenören och designern delar en speciell visionär förmåga att se på problem och i dessa se nya lösningar. Förmågan att se det som ännu inte finns. I vår studie har vi kunnat följa hur den visionära förmågan fungerar som kreativ drivkraft, och hur framgångs- rika företag skapas när designers och entreprenörer möts med gemensam vision och mål. I detta kapitel redovisar vi utvecklingen av tre företag där design är kärnan i verksamheten, men med olika produktkategorier och marknader. Det är tre företag som fick en snabb tillväxt och erhöll designpriser för sina produkter; POC, Zound Industries och Whyred. Den kreativa processen beskrivs ofta som kaotisk, det vill säga motsatsen till strukturerad och välordnad. Det stämmer dock inte särskilt väl överens med verkligheten. I vår studie har vi kunnat konstatera att entreprenören är, om inte kaotisk så i alla fall driven av intuition, ofta ostrukturerad och ibland oförutsägbar, men oftast starkt inspirerande för sin omgivning – som sedan måste ta hand om idéerna, vilket kan vara mer eller mindre komplicerat. Designerna arbetar kreativt och intuitivt, men designprocessen är en tämligen strukturerad process. Resultaten kan däremot vara mycket oväntade.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Sjöman, Martin
(författare)
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Designerly Living Labs : Real-life experimentation in early research stages
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of CINet 2022. - Pisa, Italy.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Systemic and transformative change is needed to address the sustainability issues of our time, and there is a growing consensus that this requires real-life experimentation involving the people and stakeholders affected by the change. Research infrastructures are increasingly set up to provide places for such experimentation and innovation, known as eg. living labs, transformation labs, urban or real-world laboratories. Several authors have however noted that real-life experimentation mostly takes place in late stages of testing and implementation, and with evaluative purposes. In contrast, this paper introduces a methodology for design-driven or ‘designerly’ living labs specifically used to frame complex sustainability issues in early research stages. By presenting four such designerly living labs, carried out in Stockholm, Sweden, from 2014 to 2022 on an operative level, this methodology is compared to more common approaches. The analysis shows that the methodology has repeatedly produced unexpected research outcomes that challenges the current framing of an issue, and how the learning experiences have enabled both people, private and public actors to innovate in their lives and operations.
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| 7. |
- Sjöman, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Designerly Living Labs: Early-stage exploration of future sustainable concepts
- 2020
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Ingår i: <em>Synergy - DRS International Conference 2020</em>. - : Design Research Society. ; , s. 787-802
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is increasingly clear that the sustainability transitions needed to counter climate change depend on lifestyle changes. However, the task of encouraging a shift to more sustainable lifestyles is highly complex. This paper describes an emerging design research method to explore possible pathways towards such sustainable transitions. We describe a living labs-approach based on design practice, developed within Green Leap, a design and sustainability research group at KTH Royal Institute of Technology. We refer to this method as Designerly Living Labs. Based on empirical learnings from four such Living Labs we present eight key characteristics. We then highlight some important aspects that affect how future concepts and solutions can be explored in connection with the lifestyles and material contexts on which they depend. One finding is that ‘living the change’ may be needed to identify potential positive, and often social gains from more sustainable practices.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Sjöman, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring everyday mobility in a living lab based on economic interventions
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Transport Research Review. - : SPRINGEROPEN. - 1867-0717 .- 1866-8887. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- New mobility solutions, such as Mobility as a Service, have been suggested to have the potential to reduce car ownership and be part of a transition towards a more sustainable transportation system. However, research suggests that governance measures such as taxation and policies will be needed to ensure sustainability aspects. This paper explores everyday mobility by use of interventions in people's everyday lives. The focus is on identifying underlying factors that may motivate or hinder changes that are positive from a sustainability perspective. This is then put in the perspective of new mobility services and policy making. Our findings support the view that privately owned cars are hard to replace with new mobility services that contribute to sustainability and are not based on individual cars. Economic interventions for increased sustainability will likely have limited effects, since the alternatives do not offer what car owners value most. Also, limited understanding of the car's full costs may make the new services appear comparatively more expensive. Furthermore, urban planning to reduce the need for travel, and the capacity of the physical public transport infrastructure will continue to be important. Long vacation trips and "medium sized flows" are identified as opportunities for further research and for new solutions to support sustainable mobility transitions.
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| 10. |
- Sjöman, Martin, 1972-
(författare)
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Living the Change : Designerly modes of real-life experimentation
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The sustainability transitions required to address the climate crisis cannot be achieved by technology alone; radical lifestyle changes are needed. To contribute to meeting this critical challenge, design must move its focus from individual needs, desires, and behaviors to the level of the complex socio-technical systems that shape our society. There have been several calls for research that is action-, future- and learning-oriented, to accelerate sustainability transitions. In a broad sense, my research concerns how design practice can be used and further developed to this end. There is growing consensus that real-life experimentation is required to understand and realize the potentials of sustainability innovations, and an emerging experimental turn can be seen in the proliferation of approaches such as living labs, city labs and transition labs, as well as in policy experiments, pilots, demonstrations, and field trials. There is a broad movement in society to involve users or citizens in learning and experimentation in the complexity of real-life contexts, but as will be discussed in this dissertation, most approaches do not realize these ambitions in practice. This dissertation presents an approach for design-driven, or designerly living labs for the real-life exploration and demonstration of possible sustainable concepts and futures. Living labs are often described as having their roots in design, and this dissertation represents a move to reclaim that term for more open-ended modes of experimentation. By living the change, these designerly labs have provided rich insights into the entangled social-technical nature of sustainable futures, and identified barriers and pathways towards them. The dissertation is based on detailed and operative accounts of seven such designerly living labs carried out by design researchers at KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Sweden from 2014 to 2023. A cross-case analysis is presented in order to identify and validate the key characteristics of this emerging approach, and how they connect to design practice. In the analysis I also investigate how these labs relate to other research approaches in fields such as transition studies, user innovation, participatory design, and action research. I position designerly living labs as an alternative and complement to more mainstream approaches to real-life experimentation—specifically for the early-stage framing of sustainability issues and in exploring sustainable future concepts and lifestyles. Main findings include a number of factors that were found to demarcate different modes and understandings of real-life experimentation research. These factors include the involvement of users as co-researchers in exploration rather than as testers or co-creators in innovation, and how this more open-ended aim for learning may conflict with notions of developing, evaluating and scaling up. There is also a discussion on how different understandings of these factors can lead to confusion and conflict in transdisciplinary research and recommendations for organizing new research projects of this sort.
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| 11. |
- Vaddadi, Bhavana, Ph.D. Student, et al.
(författare)
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Do they work? : Exploring possible potentials of neighbourhood Telecommuting centres in supporting sustainable travel
- 2022
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Ingår i: Travel Behaviour & Society. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-367X .- 2214-3688. ; 29, s. 34-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Digitally enabled neighbourhood telecommuting centres (NTCs) in residential areas may have the potential to reduce the environmental burdens of transport by shortening work trips and enabling modal shifts. This paper presents the results of a Living Lab where 67 participants were given access to an NTC. Through this Living Lab, this study identifies several conditions required for an NTC to substantially reduce commuting and overall have a positive impact on sustainable travel. The results indicate that while a small group of participants who lived very close to the NTC made significant lifestyle changes and adopted more sustainable travel practices, the overall changes in the sustainability aspects of travel for most participants were minimal. The majority of the participants merely exchanged a day spent working from home for a day at the NTC, as they were only allowed to be absent from the employer’s office one day per week. Further, some participants found it difficult to work remotely due to organisational roles and workplace norms. Another factor that limited the sustainability effect of the NTC was that most participants normally commuted by train, but in a few cases travelled to the NTC by car. With the arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic, most participants were required to work exclusively from home, which proved to have both positive and negative effects on the participants’ everyday lives and well-being. The participants reported a radical shift in attitudes towards remote working during this period, which they believed could lead to remote working becoming more common after the pandemic. In this case, NTCs could possibly play an important role in enabling this shift, by remedying some of the identified drawbacks of working from home. This could in turn enable a larger reduction in commuting. In areas where more people commute by car, sustainability effects would likely be greater.
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| 12. |
- Zhao, Xiaoyun, et al.
(författare)
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Key barriers in MaaS development and implementation : Lessons learned from testing Corporate MaaS (CMaaS)
- 2020
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives. - : Elsevier. - 2590-1982. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To reach the full potential of Mobility as a Service (MaaS), especially its projected positive environmental impacts, the barriers to development and implementation processes must be identified. However, studies identifying such MaaS barriers are rare. Following an interdisciplinary approach, this paper aims to bridge this gap by adding knowledge on barriers to MaaS development and implementation using four perspectives (service design, business model, user travel attitude and behavior, and system impacts). Following a systems thinking approach, the barriers are investigated at three levels (individual, organizational and societal) to show their relationships. This paper investigates a specific type of MaaS, namely Corporate Mobility as a Service (CMaaS). The results obtained by investigating a large-scale CMaaS pilot provide implications of general barriers to MaaS development and implementation. The findings presented in this paper provide knowledge and guidance to MaaS stakeholders.
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