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Sökning: WFRF:(Sjöström Anna)

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2.
  • Kennedy, Beatrice, 1982-, et al. (författare)
  • App-based COVID-19 syndromic surveillance and prediction of hospital admissions in COVID Symptom Study Sweden
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 13:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The app-based COVID Symptom Study was launched in Sweden in April 2020 to contribute to real-time COVID-19 surveillance. We enrolled 143,531 study participants (≥18 years) who contributed 10.6 million daily symptom reports between April 29, 2020 and February 10, 2021. Here, we include data from 19,161 self-reported PCR tests to create a symptom-based model to estimate the individual probability of symptomatic COVID-19, with an AUC of 0.78 (95% CI 0.74-0.83) in an external dataset. These individual probabilities are employed to estimate daily regional COVID-19 prevalence, which are in turn used together with current hospital data to predict next week COVID-19 hospital admissions. We show that this hospital prediction model demonstrates a lower median absolute percentage error (MdAPE: 25.9%) across the five most populated regions in Sweden during the first pandemic wave than a model based on case notifications (MdAPE: 30.3%). During the second wave, the error rates are similar. When we apply the same model to an English dataset, not including local COVID-19 test data, we observe MdAPEs of 22.3% and 19.0% during the first and second pandemic waves, respectively, highlighting the transferability of the prediction model.
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3.
  • Åberg, Anna, et al. (författare)
  • Helicobacter pylori adapts to chronic infection and gastric disease via ph-responsive baba-mediated adherence
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Cell Host and Microbe. - : Elsevier BV. - 1931-3128 .- 1934-6069. ; 21:3, s. 376-389
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The BabA adhesin mediates high-affinity binding of Helicobacter pylori to the ABO blood group antigen-glycosylated gastric mucosa. Here we show that BabA is acid responsive-binding is reduced at low pH and restored by acid neutralization. Acid responsiveness differs among strains; often correlates with different intragastric regions and evolves during chronic infection and disease progression; and depends on pH sensor sequences in BabA and on pH reversible formation of high-affinity binding BabA multimers. We propose that BabA's extraordinary reversible acid responsiveness enables tight mucosal bacterial adherence while also allowing an effective escape from epithelial cells and mucus that are shed into the acidic bactericidal lumen and that bio-selection and changes in BabA binding properties through mutation and recombination with babA-related genes are selected by differences among individuals and by changes in gastric acidity over time. These processes generate diverse H. pylori subpopulations, in which BabA's adaptive evolution contributes to H. pylori persistence and overt gastric disease.
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4.
  • Almqvist, Ylva, et al. (författare)
  • In vitro characterization of 211 At-labeled antibody A33 : a potential therapeutic agent against metastatic colorectal carcinoma
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1084-9785 .- 1557-8852. ; 20:5, s. 514-523
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The humanized antibody A33 binds to the A33 antigen, expressed in 95% of primary and metastatic colorectal carcinomas. The restricted pattern of expression in normal tissue makes this antigen a possible target for radioimmunotherapy of colorectal micrometastases. In this study, the A33 antibody was labeled with the therapeutic nuclide 211At using N-succinimidyl para-(tri-methylstannyl)benzoate (SPMB). The in vitro characteristics of the 211At-benzoate-A33 conjugate (211At-A33) were investigated and found to be similar to those of 125I-benzoate-A33 (125I-A33) in different assays. Both conjugates bound with high affinity to SW1222 cells (Kd = 1.7 ± 0.2 nM, and 1.8 ± 0.1 nM for 211At-A33 and 125I-A33, respectively), and both showed good intracellular retention (70% of the radioactivity was still cell associated after 20 hours). The cytotoxic effect of 211At-A33 was also confirmed. After incubation with 211At-A33, SW1222 cells had a survival of approximately 0.3% when exposed to some 150 decays per cell (DPC). The cytotoxic effect was found to be dose-dependent, as cells exposed to only 56 DPC had a survival of approximately 5%. The 211At-A33 conjugate shows promise as a potential radioimmunotherapy agent for treatment of micrometastases originating from colorectal carcinoma.
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5.
  • Aspholm-Hurtig, Marina, et al. (författare)
  • Functional adaptation of BabA, the H. pylori ABO blood group antigen binding adhesin.
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Science (New York, N.Y.). - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1095-9203 .- 0036-8075. ; 305:5683, s. 519-22
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Adherence by Helicobacter pylori increases the risk of gastric disease. Here, we report that more than 95% of strains that bind fucosylated blood group antigen bind A, B, and O antigens (generalists), whereas 60% of adherent South American Amerindian strains bind blood group O antigens best (specialists). This specialization coincides with the unique predominance of blood group O in these Amerindians. Strains differed about 1500-fold in binding affinities, and diversifying selection was evident in babA sequences. We propose that cycles of selection for increased and decreased bacterial adherence contribute to babA diversity and that these cycles have led to gradual replacement of generalist binding by specialist binding in blood group O-dominant human populations.
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6.
  • Brandhagen, Martin, 1984, et al. (författare)
  • Alcohol and macronutrient intake patterns are related to general and central adiposity.
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: European journal of clinical nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5640 .- 0954-3007. ; 66, s. 305-313
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background/Objectives:Alcohol and dietary fat have high energy densities and may therefore be related to body weight and fat deposition. We studied associations between alcohol and macronutrient intake patterns and general and central adiposity.Subjects/Methods:A population-based cross-sectional study of 524 men and 611 women. The participants answered a dietary questionnaire describing habitual food consumption including intake of alcoholic beverages. Macronutrient intake was analysed in relation to anthropometric measures and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry determined body fat.Results:In women, total alcohol intake was negatively associated with body fat percentage (β:-0.67, P<0.01). In men, total alcohol intake was positively associated with sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) (β: 0.28, P=0.01). In addition, positive associations were found between intake of alcohol from spirits and body fat percentage (β: 1.17, P<0.05), SAD (β: 0.52, P<0.05) and waist circumference (β: 2.29, P=0.01). In men, protein intake was positively associated with body mass index (BMI) (β: 0.03, P=0.001), body fat percentage (β: 0.04, P<0.05), SAD (β: 0.02, P=0.01) and waist circumference (β: 0.09, P<0.01). Also in men only, negative associations between fat intake and BMI (β: -0.03, P<0.01), SAD (β: -0.02, P<0.05) and waist circumference (β: -0.05, P<0.05) were found.Conclusions:Alcohol intake was inversely associated to relative body fat in women whereas spirits consumption was positively related to central and general obesity in men. Macronutrient intakes, particularly protein and fat, were differently associated with obesity indicators in men versus women. This may reflect a differential effect by gender, or differential obesity related reporting errors in men and women.European Journal of Clinical Nutrition advance online publication, 16 November 2011; doi:10.1038/ejcn.2011.189.
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8.
  • Bugaytsova, Jeanna, et al. (författare)
  • pH regulated H. pylori adherence : implications for persistent infection and disease
  • Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Helicobacter pylori’s BabA adhesin binds strongly to gastric mucosal ABH/Leb glycans on the stomach epithelium and overlying mucus, materials continuously shed into the acidic gastric lumen. Here we report that this binding is acid labile, acid inactivation is fully reversible; and acid lability profiles vary with BabA sequence and correlate with disease patterns. Isogenic H. pylori strains from the gastric antrum and more acidic corpus were identified that differed in acid lability of receptor binding and in sequence near BabA’s carbohydrate binding domain. We propose that reversible acid inactivation of receptor binding helps H. pylori avoid clearance by mucosal shedding, and that strain differences in acid lability affect tissue tropism and the spectrum of associated gastric diseases.
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9.
  • Fridlund, Bengt, et al. (författare)
  • Essentials of Nursing Care in Randomized Controlled Trials of Nurse-Led Interventions in Somatic Care : A Systematic Review
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Open Journal of Nursing. - Irvine : Scientific Research Publishing. - 2162-5336 .- 2162-5344. ; 4:3, s. 181-197
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Nursing practice has to contribute to evidence pointing out why there is a need for more nurse-designed randomized control trials (RCTs) focusing on evidence-based practice (EBP). How far this EBP has progressed in different health aspects is usually established by systematic reviews of RCTs. Nurse-led RCTs exist but no study has addressed the essentials of nursing care. Aim: The aim was therefore to determine the essentials of nurses’ interventions by means of nurse-led RCTs in somatic care focusing on the stated context, goals, content, strategies as well as the nurse’s role related to effectiveness. Methods: A systematic review was realized according to Cochrane review assumptions to identify, appraise and synthesize all empirical evidence meeting pre-specified eligibility criteria. The PRISMA statement guided the data extraction process (n = 55) from PubMed and CINAHL. Results: Of the RCTs in somatic care, 71% showed a positive effectiveness of nurse-led interventions, of which the nurse had a significant role with regard to being the main responsible in 67% of the studies. Also, 47% of the RCTs presented a theoretical standpoint related to the nurse-led interventions and most prominent were international evidence-based guidelines. Goals were found to have either a patient-centered or a professional-centered ambition. Strategies were based on patient-directed initiatives, nurse-patient-directed initiatives or nurse-directed initiatives, while contents were built upon either a patient-nurse interaction or a nursing management plan. Conclusions: This review underlines the necessity of a holistic view of a person, as nurse-led RCTs comprising a patient-centered ambition, patient-directed initiative and patient-nurse interaction plan showed beneficial nursing care effectiveness, particularly if theory-based. In a nurse-led RCT, a basic theoretical perspective is advantageous as well as to elucidate the role of the nurse in relation to the estimated effects.
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10.
  • Larsson, Ingrid, 1963, et al. (författare)
  • Optimized predictions of absolute and relative amounts of body fat from weight, height, other anthropometric predictors, and age 1.
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: The American journal of clinical nutrition. - 0002-9165. ; 83:2, s. 252-9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Body mass index (BMI) is the dominating weight-for-height index, but its validity as a body fat (BF) index has not been properly examined. OBJECTIVES: Our aims were to establish and validate optimal weight-for-height indexes for predicting absolute and relative (percentage) amounts of BF, to examine whether other commonly available anthropometric variables or age could add to the predictive power, and to explore the upper limit for percentage BF. DESIGN: One thousand one hundred twelve randomly selected subjects, and an additional 149 obese subjects, were included in the study. The subjects were randomly allocated to either a primary study group or a validation group. BF was measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The relations between weight/heightx (W/Hx) and BF (absolute or percentage) were examined for values of the exponent x that ranged from 0.0 to 3.0. The predictive power of equations that were based on optimal weight-for-height indexes was compared with equations based on weight, height, other anthropometric variables, and age. RESULTS: Absolute BF was optimally and linearly predicted by W/H1, whereas the percentage BF was optimally and nonlinearly predicted by W/H2. The percentage BF asymptotically approached 52% in women and 56% in men. The percentage BF increased only marginally from BMI (in kg/m2) values of >35 in women and >60 in men. Predictions of absolute BF were associated with smaller errors (8.5% for men and 5.7% for women) than were predictions of percentage BF (8.7% for men and 7.9% for women). The addition of other anthropometric measurements for both men and women, and the addition of age for women only, in the regression analyses moderately reduced these errors. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that W/H may be a more optimal weight-for-height index than is BMI, particularly at high body weights.
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11.
  • Malmgren, Linnea, et al. (författare)
  • The complexity of kidney disease and diagnosing it - Cystatin C, selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes and proteome regulation.
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 293:3, s. 293-308
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Estimation of kidney function is often part of daily clinical practice, mostly done by using the endogenous GFR-markers creatinine or cystatin C. A recommendation to use both markers in parallel in 2010 has resulted in new knowledge concerning the pathophysiology of kidney disorders by identification of a new set of kidney disorders, selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes. These syndromes, connected to strong increases in mortality and morbidity, are characterised by a selective reduction in the glomerular filtration of 5-30 kDa molecules, such as cystatin C, compared to the filtration of small molecules < 1kDa dominating the glomerular filtrate e.g., water, urea, creatinine. At least two types of such disorders, shrunken or elongated pore syndrome, are possible according to the pore model for glomerular filtration. Selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes are prevalent in investigated populations, and patients with these syndromes often display normal measured GFR or creatinine-based GFR-estimates. The syndromes are characterised by proteomic changes promoting the development of atherosclerosis, indicating antibodies and specific receptor-blocking substances as possible new treatment modalities. Presently, the KDIGO guidelines for diagnosing kidney disorders do not recommend cystatin C as a general marker of kidney function and will therefore not allow the identification of a considerable number of patients with selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes. Furthermore, as cystatin C is uninfluenced by muscle mass, diet or variations in tubular secretion and cystatin C-based GFR-estimation equations do not require controversial race or sex terms, it is obvious that cystatin C should be a part of future KDIGO guidelines.
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12.
  • Orlova, Anna, et al. (författare)
  • Cellular processing of (125)I- and (111)in-labeled epidermal growth factor(EGF) bound to cultured A431 tumor cells
  • 2000
  • Ingår i: Nuclear Medicine and Biology. - 0969-8051 .- 1872-9614. ; 27:8, s. 827-35
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Low molecular weight of epidermal growth factor (EGF) enables better intratumoral penetration in comparison with larger targeting proteins, but the cellular retention of EGF-associated radioactivity is poor for directly iodinated EGF. An attempt was made to improve intracellular retention by the use of metal-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid or nonphenolic linker (N-succinimidyl-para-iodobenzoate) as labeling agents. The use of nonphenolic linker did not improve retention of the radioactivity in A431 carcinoma cell line. The use of the radiometal label provided an appreciable prolongation of radioactivity residence inside the cell.
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13.
  • Orlova, Anna, et al. (författare)
  • Cellular processing of 125I- and 111in-labeled epidermal growth factor (EGF) bound to cultured A431 tumor cells
  • 2000
  • Ingår i: Nuclear Medicine and Biology. - 0969-8051 .- 1872-9614. ; 27:8, s. 827-835
  • Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Low molecular weight of epidermal growth factor (EGF) enables better intratumoral penetration in comparison with larger targeting proteins, but the cellular retention of EGF-associated radioactivity is poor for directly iodinated EGF. An attempt was made to improve intracellular retention by the use of metal-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid or nonphenolic linker (N-succinimidyl-para-iodobenzoate) as labeling agents. The use of nonphenolic linker did not improve retention of the radioactivity in A431 carcinoma cell line. The use of the radiometal label provided an appreciable prolongation of radioactivity residence inside the cell.
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14.
  • Orlova, Anna, et al. (författare)
  • Cellular processing of indirectly astatinated and iodinated mAb A33 in SW1222 cultured cells
  • 2001
  • Ingår i: Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals. - : Wiley. - 0362-4803 .- 1099-1344. ; 44:suppl 1, s. S715-S717
  • Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • In principle, alpha-emitting radionuclides, such as 211At, are more efficient than beta-emitters to inactive single disseminated cancer cells. However, cellular processing of astatinated proteins has not yet been studied in detail. In this study an anti-colorectal cancer monoclonal antibody (mAb) A33 was indirectly labeled with 211At and for comparison with 125I. Binding and retention of radioactivity was studied in the colorectal cancer cell-line SW1222. A similar pattern of binding and retention of the two radiohalogens was seen. The main difference found, that the retention time of astatinated mAb in SW1222 was almost two times longer, might be of advantage in radionuclide therapy.
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15.
  • Orlova, Anna, et al. (författare)
  • Targeting against epidermal growth factor receptors : Cellular processing of astatinated EGF after binding to cultured carcinoma cells
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Anticancer Research. - 0250-7005 .- 1791-7530. ; 24:6, s. 4035-4042
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND:The alpha-emitting nuclide 211At is of great interest for radionuclide therapy when coupled to a tumor-targeting biomolecule, e.g. epidermal growth factor (EGF) the receptors of which are overexpressed in many malignancies. However, almost no information concerning the cellular processing of astatinated targeting agents is available.MATERIALS AND METHODS:We indirectly astatinated EGF ([211At]-benzoate-EGF) and studied its cellular processing in A-431 carcinoma cells in comparison with data concerning [125I]-benzoate-EGF.RESULTS: The biological half-life of astatine (3.5 h) was longer than the half-life of the iodine label (1.5 h). The increase of the half-life was due to longer retention of the internalised astatine radioactivity. The maximum accumulation for the astatine label occurred later (4-6h) than that for the iodine label (2-4h), indicating a slower excretion of astatine that was confirmed in experiment with 211At/1251-benzoate-EGF.CONCLUSION:The long retention of astatine might be advantageous for radionuclide therapy.
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16.
  • Sjöström, Lars, et al. (författare)
  • Bariatric surgery and long-term cardiovascular events.
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 1538-3598. ; 307:1, s. 56-65
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Obesity is a risk factor for cardiovascular events. Weight loss might protect against cardiovascular events, but solid evidence is lacking.
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17.
  • Sjöström, Lars, et al. (författare)
  • Effects of bariatric surgery on cancer incidence in obese patients in Sweden (Swedish Obese Subjects Study): a prospective, controlled intervention trial.
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: The lancet oncology. - 1474-5488. ; 10:7, s. 653-62
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Obesity is a risk factor for cancer. Intentional weight loss in the obese might protect against malignancy, but evidence is limited. To our knowledge, the Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study is the first intervention trial in the obese population to provide prospective, controlled cancer-incidence data. METHODS: The SOS study started in 1987 and involved 2010 obese patients (body-mass index [BMI] >or=34 kg/m(2) in men, and >or=38 kg/m(2) in women) who underwent bariatric surgery and 2037 contemporaneously matched obese controls, who received conventional treatment. While the main endpoint of SOS was overall mortality, the main outcome of this exploratory report was cancer incidence until Dec 31, 2005. Cancer follow-up rate was 99.9% and the median follow-up time was 10.9 years (range 0-18.1 years). FINDINGS: Bariatric surgery resulted in a sustained mean weight reduction of 19.9 kg (SD 15.6 kg) over 10 years, whereas the mean weight change in controls was a gain of 1.3 kg (SD 13.7 kg). The number of first-time cancers after inclusion was lower in the surgery group (n=117) than in the control group (n=169; HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.53-0.85, p=0.0009). The sex-treatment interaction p value was 0.054. In women, the number of first-time cancers after inclusion was lower in the surgery group (n=79) than in the control group (n=130; HR 0.58, 0.44-0.77; p=0.0001), whereas there was no effect of surgery in men (38 in the surgery group vs 39 in the control group; HR 0.97, 0.62-1.52; p=0.90). Similar results were obtained after exclusion of all cancer cases during the first 3 years of the intervention. INTERPRETATION: Bariatric surgery was associated with reduced cancer incidence in obese women but not in obese men. FUNDING: Swedish Research Council, Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research, Swedish Federal Government under the LUA/ALF agreement, Hoffmann La Roche, Cederoths, AstraZeneca, Sanofi-Aventis, Ethicon Endosurgery.
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18.
  • Sjöström, Lars, et al. (författare)
  • Effects of bariatric surgery on mortality in Swedish obese subjects.
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: The New England journal of medicine. - 1533-4406. ; 357:8, s. 741-52
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Obesity is associated with increased mortality. Weight loss improves cardiovascular risk factors, but no prospective interventional studies have reported whether weight loss decreases overall mortality. In fact, many observational studies suggest that weight reduction is associated with increased mortality. METHODS: The prospective, controlled Swedish Obese Subjects study involved 4047 obese subjects. Of these subjects, 2010 underwent bariatric surgery (surgery group) and 2037 received conventional treatment (matched control group). We report on overall mortality during an average of 10.9 years of follow-up. At the time of the analysis (November 1, 2005), vital status was known for all but three subjects (follow-up rate, 99.9%). RESULTS: The average weight change in control subjects was less than +/-2% during the period of up to 15 years during which weights were recorded. Maximum weight losses in the surgical subgroups were observed after 1 to 2 years: gastric bypass, 32%; vertical-banded gastroplasty, 25%; and banding, 20%. After 10 years, the weight losses from baseline were stabilized at 25%, 16%, and 14%, respectively. There were 129 deaths in the control group and 101 deaths in the surgery group. The unadjusted overall hazard ratio was 0.76 in the surgery group (P=0.04), as compared with the control group, and the hazard ratio adjusted for sex, age, and risk factors was 0.71 (P=0.01). The most common causes of death were myocardial infarction (control group, 25 subjects; surgery group, 13 subjects) and cancer (control group, 47; surgery group, 29). CONCLUSIONS: Bariatric surgery for severe obesity is associated with long-term weight loss and decreased overall mortality.
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19.
  • Sjöström, Lars, et al. (författare)
  • Lifestyle, diabetes, and cardiovascular risk factors 10 years after bariatric surgery.
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: The New England journal of medicine. - 1533-4406. ; 351:26, s. 2683-93
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Weight loss is associated with short-term amelioration and prevention of metabolic and cardiovascular risk, but whether these benefits persist over time is unknown. METHODS: The prospective, controlled Swedish Obese Subjects Study involved obese subjects who underwent gastric surgery and contemporaneously matched, conventionally treated obese control subjects. We now report follow-up data for subjects (mean age, 48 years; mean body-mass index, 41) who had been enrolled for at least 2 years (4047 subjects) or 10 years (1703 subjects) before the analysis (January 1, 2004). The follow-up rate for laboratory examinations was 86.6 percent at 2 years and 74.5 percent at 10 years. RESULTS: After two years, the weight had increased by 0.1 percent in the control group and had decreased by 23.4 percent in the surgery group (P<0.001). After 10 years, the weight had increased by 1.6 percent and decreased by 16.1 percent, respectively (P<0.001). Energy intake was lower and the proportion of physically active subjects higher in the surgery group than in the control group throughout the observation period. Two- and 10-year rates of recovery from diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hypertension, and hyperuricemia were more favorable in the surgery group than in the control group, whereas recovery from hypercholesterolemia did not differ between the groups. The surgery group had lower 2- and 10-year incidence rates of diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperuricemia than the control group; differences between the groups in the incidence of hypercholesterolemia and hypertension were undetectable. CONCLUSIONS: As compared with conventional therapy, bariatric surgery appears to be a viable option for the treatment of severe obesity, resulting in long-term weight loss, improved lifestyle, and, except for hypercholesterolemia, amelioration in risk factors that were elevated at baseline.
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20.
  • Torgerson, Jarl S, 1960, et al. (författare)
  • Are elevated aminotransferases and decreased bilirubin additional characteristics of the metabolic syndrome?
  • 1997
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Obesity. ; 5, s. 105-114
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Department of Medicine, University of Göteborg, Sweden. Abnormal liver tests, as well as morphological changes in the liver, are frequent among obese patients. Other frequent disturbances are visceral fat accumulation, insulin resistance, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension; these are set of aberrations known as the metabolic syndrome. In order to investigate a possible relationship between the metabolic syndrome and impaired liver status we examined associations between liver tests, metabolic variables (insulin, glucose, and triglycerids), body composition and nutrition in 1,083 men (BMI 28.8-63.8 kg/m2) and 1,367 women (BMI 26.7-68.0 kg/m2) in the ongoing intervention study of Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS). Standard biochemical techniques were used to assess liver status and metabolic variables. Lean body mass (LBM) and masses of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue (AT) were estimated by means of computed tomography (CT) calibrated anthropometric equations. In both genders aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were, or tended to be, positively correlated to fasting serum insulin, visceral AT (women), and alcohol intake. In women, the aminotransferases were also correlated with fasting blood glucose. In both genders alkaline phosphatase was, or tended to be, positively associated with visceral AT, insulin (women), and glucose. Bilirubin was negatively correlated to insulin and visceral AT in men and women. Additional multivariate analyses indicated that alcohol had less explanatory power than serum insulin for the examined liver tests, especially among women. These results suggest that pathological liver tests in the obese may represent an expression of the metabolic syndrome. PMID: 9112245 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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21.
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22.
  • Almlöf, Erik, 1985- (författare)
  • Slutrapport - Självkörande fullängdsbuss på Tvärförbindelse Södertörn
  • 2021
  • Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
    • Föreliggande slutrapport är finansierad av Trafikverkets FoI portfölj, strategiska  initiativ,för projekt Självkörande eldriven stombuss på Tvärförbindelse Södertörn – En skalbarfallstudie (TRV 2019/118695). Partners i projektet är Trafikverket, Scania, Volvo, Keolis,KTH samt Sweco där även Trafikförvaltningen Region Stockholm, Nobina och projektTvärförbindelse Södertörn har bidragit till arbetet som pågått från maj 2020 till mars 2021.Ansvarig för projektet inom Trafikverket har varit Stora projekt.För att skapa en förståelse för konsekvenser av tekniska utveckling i relation tillnödvändiga fysiska och digitala åtgärder har tre scenarier tagits fram: Bus Driver Plus,Automation with Adaption och Automation Utopia. Dessa scenarier beskriver olika nivåerav automation och behov av kringliggande stödsystem. I det första scenario finns enförare ombord på bussen som tar över körningen vid farliga situationer. Det andrascenariot avser en självkörande buss utan förare där den fysiska infrastrukturen haranpassats genom ett införande av ett eget busskörfält. Det sista scenariot beskriver enframtid där bussen helt förlitar sig på digital teknik och en operatör kontrollerar körningenav flera fordon från ett avsides kontrolltorn.De tre scenarierna utvärderades genom en samlad effektbedömning, Trafikverkets metodför att utvärdera åtgärder. Resultaten visar att den största vinsten av automatisering kanhandla om resenärernas bekvämlighet och inte nödvändigtvis om att minimera kostnaderför förare. Antaganden om att resenärerna kan uppleva resan bekvämare är troligtvisöverskattade, men resultaten visar att även små förbättringar i bekvämlighet kan ge storasamhälleliga vinster.Scenariot där bussen har ett eget körfält innebär mycket stora kostnader och är troligtvisinte ekonomiskt försvarbart. Dessutom kommer enbart en busslinje att trafikeramotorleden som dessutom består av 3 tunnlar. Vidare är det inte säkert att den aktör somgör nödvändiga investeringar är den aktör som får ta del av de samhälleliga vinsterna. Iscenariot skulle Trafikverket stå för stora delar av investeringskostnaden, medan vinsten för personalbesparingar uppstår för Region Stockholm och kollektivtrafikresenärerna somåker längs sträckan.Projektet har även undersökt hur multimodala hubbar (nod som möjliggör smidigt bytemellan olika transportmedel) längs med förbindelsen kan stödja eldrivna och självkörandebussar. Det är viktigt att ny väginfrastruktur bidrar till en attraktiv kollektivtrafik därresenärer i första hand väljer buss istället för bil. För att eldrivna och självkörande bussarska införas behöver Region Stockholm ställa nya krav i upphandlingar för attåstadkomma en förändring i transportsystemet. Nya krav som skapar ekonomiskaincitament för operatörer som utför den operativa verksamheten över lång tid. Det är dockproblematiskt att ställa krav på eldrift eftersom det saknas tillgänglig infrastruktur iStockholm.Avseende självkörande fullängdsbussar är tekniken helt enkelt inte tillräckligt mogen idag.Dock tror många experter att självkörande bussar kommer att införas, både i stadsmiljöoch glesbygd, när tekniken och samhället är redo för det, gissningsvis kring år 2030.
  •  
23.
  • Anantha, Krishnan Hariramabadran, et al. (författare)
  • Correlative Microstructure Analysis and In Situ Corrosion Study of AISI 420 Martensitic Stainless Steel for Plastic Molding Applications
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - : Electrochemical Society. - 0013-4651 .- 1945-7111. ; 164:4, s. C85-C93
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this work, the corrosion behavior of tempered AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel (MSS) was studied by in-situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) in 0.1M NaCl and correlated with the microstructure. Thermocalc simulation, dilatometry, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were performed to investigate phase transformation which showed the formation of M3C, M7C3, and M23C6 type of carbides and also retained austenite. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and AFM characterization revealed undissolved carbides and tempering carbides in the martensitic matrix. Volta potential mapping measured by scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) indicated higher electrochemical (practical) nobility of the carbides with respect to the martensitic matrix whereas regions adjacent to carbides showed lower nobilities due to chromium depletion. Open circuit potential and cyclic potentiodynamic polarization measurements showed metastable corrosion activities associated with a weak passive behavior and a risk for localized corrosion along certain carbide boundaries. In-situ AFM measurements revealed selective dissolution of certain carbide interphases and martensitic inter-lath regions indicating higher propensity to localized corrosion.
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24.
  • Aspholm, Marina, et al. (författare)
  • Helicobacter pylori adhesion to carbohydrates
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Methods in Enzymology. - 0076-6879 .- 1557-7988. ; 417, s. 293-339
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Adherence of bacterial pathogens to host tissues contributes to colonization and virulence and typically involves specific interactions between bacterial proteins called adhesins and cognate oligosaccharide (glycan) or protein motifs in the host that are used as receptors. A given pathogen may have multiple adhesins, each specific for a different set of receptors and, potentially, with different roles in infection and disease. This chapter provides strategies for identifying and analyzing host glycan receptors and the bacterial adhesins that exploit them as receptors, with particular reference to adherence of the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori.
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25.
  • Aspholm, Marina, et al. (författare)
  • SabA is the H. pylori hemagglutinin and is polymorphic in binding to sialylated glycans.
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: PLoS pathogens. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7374 .- 1553-7366. ; 2:10
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Adherence of Helicobacter pylori to inflamed gastric mucosa is dependent on the sialic acid-binding adhesin (SabA) and cognate sialylated/fucosylated glycans on the host cell surface. By in situ hybridization, H. pylori bacteria were observed in close association with erythrocytes in capillaries and post-capillary venules of the lamina propria of gastric mucosa in both infected humans and Rhesus monkeys. In vivo adherence of H. pylori to erythrocytes may require molecular mechanisms similar to the sialic acid-dependent in vitro agglutination of erythrocytes (i.e., sialic acid-dependent hemagglutination). In this context, the SabA adhesin was identified as the sialic acid-dependent hemagglutinin based on sialidase-sensitive hemagglutination, binding assays with sialylated glycoconjugates, and analysis of a series of isogenic sabA deletion mutants. The topographic presentation of binding sites for SabA on the erythrocyte membrane was mapped to gangliosides with extended core chains. However, receptor mapping revealed that the NeuAcalpha2-3Gal-disaccharide constitutes the minimal sialylated binding epitope required for SabA binding. Furthermore, clinical isolates demonstrated polymorphism in sialyl binding and complementation analysis of sabA mutants demonstrated that polymorphism in sialyl binding is an inherent property of the SabA protein itself. Gastric inflammation is associated with periodic changes in the composition of mucosal sialylation patterns. We suggest that dynamic adaptation in sialyl-binding properties during persistent infection specializes H. pylori both for individual variation in mucosal glycosylation and tropism for local areas of inflamed and/or dysplastic tissue.
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26.
  • Bainsla, Lakhan, 1985, et al. (författare)
  • Large out-of-plane spin-orbit torque in topological Weyl semimetal TaIrTe 4
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Nature Communications. - 2041-1723 .- 2041-1723. ; 15:1, s. 4649-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The unique electronic properties of topological quantum materials, such as protected surface states and exotic quasiparticles, can provide an out-of-plane spin-polarized current needed for external field-free magnetization switching of magnets with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Conventional spin-orbit torque (SOT) materials provide only an in-plane spin-polarized current, and recently explored materials with lower crystal symmetries provide very low out-of-plane spin-polarized current components, which are not suitable for energy-efficient SOT applications. Here, we demonstrate a large out-of-plane damping-like SOT at room temperature using the topological Weyl semimetal candidate TaIrTe4 with a lower crystal symmetry. We performed spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance (STFMR) and second harmonic Hall measurements on devices based on TaIrTe4/Ni80Fe20 heterostructures and observed a large out-of-plane damping-like SOT efficiency. The out-of-plane spin Hall conductivity is estimated to be (4.05 ± 0.23)×104 (ℏ ⁄ 2e) (Ωm)-1, which is an order of magnitude higher than the reported values in other materials.
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27.
  • Bainsla, Lakhan, et al. (författare)
  • Large out-of-plane spin-orbit torque in topological Weyl semimetal TaIrTe4
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 15
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The unique electronic properties of topological quantum materials, such as protected surface states and exotic quasiparticles, can provide an out-of-plane spin-polarized current needed for external field-free magnetization switching of magnets with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Conventional spin-orbit torque (SOT) materials provide only an in-plane spin-polarized current, and recently explored materials with lower crystal symmetries provide very low out-of-plane spin-polarized current components, which are not suitable for energy-efficient SOT applications. Here, we demonstrate a large out-of-plane damping-like SOT at room temperature using the topological Weyl semimetal candidate TaIrTe4 with a lower crystal symmetry. We performed spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance (STFMR) and second harmonic Hall measurements on devices based on TaIrTe4/Ni80Fe20 heterostructures and observed a large out-of-plane damping-like SOT efficiency. The out-of-plane spin Hall conductivity is estimated to be (4.05±0.23)x104 (ℏ/2e) (Ωm)-1, which is an order of magnitude higher than the reported values in other materials.
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28.
  • Berteus Forslund, Helene, 1952, et al. (författare)
  • Meal patterns and obesity in Swedish women-a simple instrument describing usual meal types, frequency and temporal distribution
  • 2002
  • Ingår i: Eur J Clin Nutr. - 0954-3007. ; 56:8, s. 740-7
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: To characterize meal patterns in relation to obesity in Swedish women using a simple instrument describing meal frequency, meal types and temporal distribution. DESIGN: Cross-sectional parallel group design. SUBJECTS: Eighty-three obese women from the Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study were compared with 94 reference women, randomly recruited from the population. METHOD: A new, simplified and self-instructing questionnaire was used to assess meal patterns. Usual meal pattern was reported as time and meal type for each intake episode during a typical day. RESULTS: The obese women consumed 6.1 meals/day compared with 5.2 meals/day among the reference women (P<0.0001). All types of meals except 'drink meals' were significantly more frequently consumed in the obese group. The obese women also displayed a different meal pattern across the day, consuming a larger number of meals later in the day. As a result a larger fraction of each obese woman's total meals were consumed in the afternoon and in the evening/night. There was no difference in the number of obese vs reference women consuming breakfast. Snack meals were positively associated with total energy intake in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: A new simplified method assessing meal pattern revealed that the number of reported intake occasions across a usual day was higher in obese women compared with controls and the timing was shifted to later in the day. These findings should be considered in the treatment of obesity.
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29.
  • Berteus Forslund, Helene, 1952, et al. (författare)
  • Snacking frequency in relation to energy intake and food choices in obese men and women compared to a reference population.
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: International journal of obesity (2005). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0307-0565 .- 1476-5497. ; 29:6, s. 711-9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: To investigate snacking frequency in relation to energy intake and food choices, taking physical activity into account, in obese vs reference men and women. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, descriptive study. SUBJECTS: In total, 4259 obese, middle-aged subjects (1891 men and 2368 women) from the baseline examination of the XENDOS study and 1092 subjects (505 men and 587 women) from the SOS reference study were included. MEASUREMENTS: A meal pattern questionnaire describing habitual intake occasions (main meals, light meals/breakfast, snacks, drink-only), a dietary questionnaire describing habitual energy and macronutrient intake and a questionnaire assessing physical activity at work and during leisure time were used. RESULTS: The obese group consumed snacks more frequently compared to the reference group (P<0.001) and women more frequently than men (P<0.001). Energy intake increased with increasing snacking frequency, irrespective of physical activity. Statistically significant differences in trends were found for cakes/cookies, candies/chocolate and desserts for the relation between energy intake and snacking frequency, where energy intake increased more by snacking frequency in obese subjects than in reference subjects. CONCLUSION: Obese subjects were more frequent snackers than reference subjects and women were more frequent snackers than men. Snacks were positively related to energy intake, irrespective of physical activity. Sweet, fatty food groups were associated with snacking and contributed considerably to energy intake. Snacking needs to be considered in obesity treatment, prevention and general dietary recommendations.
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30.
  • Björk, Anna-Bell, et al. (författare)
  • Women's Experiences of Internet-Based or Postal Treatment for Stress Urinary Incontinence
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Qualitative Health Research. - : SAGE Publications. - 1049-7323 .- 1552-7557. ; 24:4, s. 484-493
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Stress urinary incontinence is common and sometimes embarrassing. New, simple, and easily accessible treatments are needed. We telephone interviewed 21 women who participated in a randomized controlled study comparing two treatment programs based on instructions for pelvic floor muscle training. One program was Internet-based and included email support by a urotherapist; the other was sent by post. There was no face-to-face contact in either program. Our main aim was to explore the women's experiences of the Internet-based treatment. Grounded theory analysis revealed three categories: hidden but present, at a distance but close, and by myself but not alone. These were incorporated in a core category: acknowledged but not exposed. The leakage was often a well-hidden secret, but the study treatments lowered the barrier for seeking care. In the Internet group, a supportive patient-provider relationship developed despite the lack of face-to-face contact. Internet-based treatment programs can increase access to care and empower women.
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31.
  • Bohman, Anna, 1975-, et al. (författare)
  • Förslag till en metod för uppföljning av det nationella klimatanpassningsarbetet : redovisning av ett regeringsuppdrag
  • 2016
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • SMHI har fått i uppdrag att senast den 20 december 2016 redovisa ett förslag på hur det nationella arbetet med klimatanpassning fortlöpande kan följas upp. Uppföljningen ska bland annat ge svar på effekten av det nationella arbetet kopplat till identifierade problem och behov och kunna användas för rapportering till EU och andra internationella organisationer.Den föreslagna utvärderingsmodellen består av tre olika delar/block som kan användas var för sig i olika syften men som tillsammans ger en bredare helhetsbild av det svenska klimatanpassningsarbetet. De tre olika delarna är avsedda att svara på tre olika typer av övergripande frågeställningar:Finns de processer som är nödvändiga för att kunna arbeta med klimatanpassning på plats? I vilken utsträckning har frågan om anpassning integrerats i det svenska förvaltningssystemet?Vilka åtgärder har implementerats för att minska de negativa effekterna/sårbarheten? Vilka sektorer har man arbetat med och vilka centrala utmaningar och klimateffekter har adresserats/har inte adresserats?Vilka framsteg kan vi se i arbetet med att minska de negativa effekterna?Dessa frågor besvaras med hjälp av processindikatorer, åtgärdsuppföljning och effektindikatorer. Data samlas in via enkäter riktade till nationella myndigheter, länsstyrelser och kommuner. Ett omfattande utvecklingsarbete återstår för att ta fram effektindikatorer för olika sektorer/verksamheter. SMHI föreslår därför att uppdrag utdelas till nationella myndigheter att i samverkan med berörda aktörer utarbeta förslag på effektindikatorer för dessas respektive verksamheter.Det är vår slutsats att ett strategiskt nationellt ramverk för klimatanpassning, som sätter uppföljningsprocessen i ett sammanhang, krävs för att säkerställa effektivitet och kontinuitet i det svenska klimatanpassningsarbetet. SMHI föreslår därför, i linje med EU:s klimatanpassningsstrategi, att en nationell policycykel för det svenska klimatanpassningsarbetet etableras. Ett exempel på hur ett sådant ramverk skulle kunna se ut presenteras.
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32.
  • Boks, Marije, et al. (författare)
  • Increased incidence of late-onset inflammatory bowel disease and microscopic colitis after a Cryptosporidium hominis outbreak
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 57:12, s. 1443-1449
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVES: In 2010, 27,000 inhabitants (45% of the population) of Östersund, Sweden, contracted clinical cryptosporidiosis after drinking water contaminated with Cryptosporidium hominis. After the outbreak, local physicians perceived that the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn's disease (CD), and IBD-unclassified, and microscopic colitis (MC) increased. This study assessed whether this perception was correct.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This observational study included adult patients (≥18 years old) from the local health care region who were diagnosed with pathology-confirmed IBD or MC during 2006-2019. We collected and validated the diagnosis, date of diagnosis, age at diagnosis, and sex from the Swedish quality register SWIBREG and electronic patient records. Population data were collected from Statistics Sweden. The incidences for 2006-2010 (pre-outbreak) and 2011-2019 (post-outbreak) were evaluated by negative binomial regression analysis and presented as incidence rate ratios (IRRs). Data were analyzed for IBD, for UC and CD separately, and MC.RESULTS: During the study period, we identified 410 patients with new onset IBD and 155 new cases of MC. Overall, we found a trend toward an increased incidence of IBD post-outbreak (IRR 1.39, confidence interval (CI) 0.99-1.94). In individuals ≥40 years old, the post-outbreak incidence significantly increased for IBD (IRR 1.69, CI 1.13-2.51) and CD (IRR 2.23, CI 1.08-4.62). Post-outbreak incidence of MC increased 6-fold in all age groups (IRR 6.43, CI 2.78-14.87).CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of late-onset IBD and MC increased after the Cryptosporidium outbreak. Cryptosporidiosis may be an environmental risk factor for IBD and MC.
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33.
  • Boks, Marije, et al. (författare)
  • Persisting symptoms after Cryptosporidium hominis outbreak : a 10-year follow-up from Östersund, Sweden
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Parasitology Research. - : Springer Nature. - 0932-0113 .- 1432-1955. ; 122:7, s. 1631-1639
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In late 2010, an outbreak of Cryptosporidium hominis affected 27,000 inhabitants (45%) of Östersund, Sweden. Previous research shows that abdomen and joint symptoms commonly persist up to 5 years post-infection. It is unknown whether Cryptosporidium is associated with sequelae for a longer duration, how persisting symptoms present over time, and whether sequelae are associated with prolonged infection. In this prospective cohort study, a randomly selected cohort in Östersund was surveyed about cryptosporidiosis symptoms in 2011 (response rate 69.2%). A case was defined as a respondent reporting new diarrhoea episodes during the outbreak. Follow-up questionnaires were sent after 5 and 10 years. Logistic regressions were used to examine associations between case status and symptoms reported after 10 years, with results presented as adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals. Consistency of symptoms and associations with case status and number of days with symptoms during outbreak were analysed using X 2 and Mann–Whitney U tests. The response rate after 10 years was 74% (n = 538). Case status was associated with reporting symptoms, with aOR of ~3 for abdominal symptoms and ~2 for joint symptoms. Cases were more likely to report consistent symptoms. Cases with consistent abdominal symptoms at follow-up reported 9.2 days with symptoms during the outbreak (SD 8.1), compared to 6.6 days (SD 6.1) for cases reporting varying or no symptoms (p = 0.003). We conclude that cryptosporidiosis was associated with an up to threefold risk for reporting symptoms 10 years post-infection. Consistent symptoms were associated with prolonged infection.
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34.
  • Brulin, E., et al. (författare)
  • Healthcare in distress: A survey of mental health problems and the role of gender among nurses and physicians in Sweden
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Journal of Affective Disorders. - : Elsevier. - 0165-0327 .- 1573-2517. ; 339, s. 104-110
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Introduction:The present article aimed to investigate 1) if mental health problems (depression and burnout including the dimensions; emotional exhaustion, mental distance and cognitive and emotional impairment) differed between nurses and physicians in Sweden, 2) if any differences were explained by differences in sex compositions, and 3) if any sex differences were larger within either of the two professions. Method:Data were derived from a representative sample of nurses (n = 2903) and physicians (n = 2712) in 2022. Two scales were used to assess burnout (KEDS and BAT) and one to assess depression (SCL-6). The BAT scale has four sub-dimensions. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to analyse each scale and dimension separately. Results:Results showed that 16-28 % of nurses and physicians reported moderate to severe symptoms of burnout. The prevalence differed between occupations across the scales and dimensions used. Nurses reported higher scores on KEDS while physicians reported higher scores on BAT including the four dimensions. Also, 7 % of nurses' and 6 % of physicians' scores were above the cut-off for major depression. The inclusion of sex in the models changed the odds ratios of differences between doctors and nurses in all mental health dimensions except mental distance and cognitive impairment. Limitations: This study was based on cross-sectional survey data which has some limitations. Conclusion:Our study suggests that the prevalence of mental health problems is prominent among nurses and physicians in Sweden. Sex plays an important role in the difference in the prevalence of mental health problems between the two professions.
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35.
  • Burza, Maria Antonella, 1980, et al. (författare)
  • Long-Term Effect of Bariatric Surgery on Liver Enzymes in the Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) Study
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:3
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background and Aim: Obesity is associated with elevated serum transaminase levels and non- Methods: The Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study is a prospective controlled intervention study Results: Compared to usual care, bariatric surgery was associated with lower serum ALT and AST levels Conclusions: Bariatric surgery results in a sustained reduction in transaminase levels and a long-term
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36.
  • Börjel, Anna K., et al. (författare)
  • Novel mutations in the 5'-UTR of the FOLR1 gene
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. - 1434-6621 .- 1437-4331. ; 44:2, s. 161-167
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We have previously reported two novel mutations in the 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of the gene for folate receptor-alpha (FOLR1). In our search for additional mutations, 92 patient samples with elevated levels of homocysteine were screened by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) between nt -425 and -782, and -712 and -1110. Between nt -425 and -782 we did not find any mutations. Between nt -712 and -1110 there were three novel mutations. One subject had two mutations very close to each other, c.-856C>T and c.-921T>C. Two subjects had a c.-1043G>A mutation. To get an idea of the prevalence of FOLR1 mutations in an unselected population, we also screened 692 healthy school children for mutations. In this cohort, between nt -188 and +272 we discovered one novel mutation, a single nucleotide substitution, c.-18C>T, in addition to five children with the 25-bp deletion mutation previously described by us. Thus, so far we have discovered six novel mutations in the 5'-UTR region of the gene for folate receptor-alpha. We genotyped all 17 subjects with a FOLR1 mutation for the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C>T polymorphism, and developed new single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping protocols for MTHFR 1298A>C and 1793G>A utilising Pyrosequencing technology. None of the 17 subjects had the 677TT genotype, which ruled out this as a cause of elevated homocysteine levels, which was observed in some of the subjects. Further studies of mutations in the 5'-UTR of FOLR1, and in particular of their interplay with folate intake status, are warranted.
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37.
  • Böttiger, Anna K., 1977-, et al. (författare)
  • Association of total plasma homocysteine with methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase genotypes 677C > T, 1298A > C, and 1793G > A and the corresponding haplotypes in Swedish children and adolescents
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Molecular Medicine. - Athens, Greece : D.A. Spandidos. - 1107-3756 .- 1791-244X. ; 19:4, s. 659-665
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We studied 692 Swedish children and adolescents (aged 9-10 or 15-16 years, respectively), in order to evaluate the effect of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C > T, 1298A > C, and 1793G > A polymorphisms on total plasma homocysteine concentrations (tHcy). Genotyping was performed with Pyrosequencing (TM) technology. The MTHFR 677C > T polymorphism was associated with increased tHcy concentrations in both the children and the adolescents (P < 0.001 for both age groups) in both genders. The effect of MTHFR 1298A > C was studied separately in subjects with the 677CC and 677CT genotypes, and the 1298C allele was found to be associated with higher tHcy levels both when children were stratified according to 677C > T genotypes, and when using haplotype analyses and diplotype reconstructions. The 1793A allele was in complete linkage disequilibrium with the 1298C allele. It was still possible to show that the 1793A allele was associated with lower tHcy levels, statistically significant in the adolescents. In conclusion, a haplotype-based approach was slightly superior in explaining the genetic interaction on tHcy plasma levels in children and adolescents than a simple genotype based approach (R-2 adj 0.44 vs. 0.40). The major genetic impact on tHcy concentrations is attributable to the MTHFR 677C > T polymorphism. The common 1298A > C polymorphism had a minor elevating effect on tHcy, whereas the 1793G > A polymorphism had a lowering effect on tHcy.
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38.
  • Carlsson, Jörgen, et al. (författare)
  • Conjugate chemistry and cellular processing of EGF-dextran
  • 1999
  • Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 38:3, s. 313-321
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Conjugates with specific binding to the epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR, of interest for radionuclide based imaging and therapy were prepared using mouse epidermal growth factor, mEGF, and dextran. In one type of conjugate, mEGF was coupled to dextran by reductive amination in which the free amino group on the mEGF N-terminal reacted with the aldehyde group on the reductive end of dextran. The end-end coupled conjugate could be further activated by the cyanopyridinium agent CDAP, thereby introducing tyrosines to the dextran part. In the other type of conjugate, the cyanylating procedure using CDAP was applied, first to activate dextran and then allowing for the amino terminus of mEGF to randomly attach to the dextran. In the latter case, radionuclide-labelled tyrosines or glycines could be added in the same conjugation step. All types of mEGF-dextran conjugates had EGFR-specific binding since the binding could be displaced by an excess of non-radioactive mEGF. The conjugates were to a large extent internalized in the test cells and the associated radioactivity was retained intracellularly for different times depending on both the type of cells and conjugate applied. Different intracellular 'traffic routes' for the radionuclides are discussed as well as applications for both imaging and therapy.
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39.
  • Douagi, Anna Sjöström, et al. (författare)
  • Young researchers to tackle future Grand Challenges
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Lab on a Chip. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1473-0197 .- 1473-0189. ; 12:4, s. 680-683
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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40.
  • Engblom, Charlotte, 1969-, et al. (författare)
  • Nyanländas lärande och språkutvecklande arbetssätt : Rapport från en forskningscirkel
  • 2018
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • I denna rapport beskrivs processen i och resultatet av en forskningscirkel om nyanländas lärande och språkutvecklande arbetssätt. En utgångspunkt har varit begreppet stöttning - lärarens/pedagogens funktion som en sorts ”byggnadsställning” i elevens lärande. Det eleven inte klarar av på egen hand kan genomföras med rätt stöd - och i takt med att eleven utvecklas kan byggnadsställningen monteras ned. Stöttning har också varit en central aspekt i de fyra mindre projekt som deltagarna genomfört inom forskningscirkelns ramar.Forskningscirkeln har bedrivits inom Forum för samverkan på Uppsala universitet. Det är ett samarbete mellan universitetet och åtta kommuner i regionen: Enköping, Heby, Håbo, Knivsta, Sigtuna, Tierp, Uppsala och Östhammar. Forum för samverkans syfte är att bidra till ett ömsesidigt berikande kunskapsutbyte mellan förskola/skola/skolhuvudman och Uppsala universitet (www.forumforsamverkan.uu.se).
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41.
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42.
  • Fridlund, Bengt, et al. (författare)
  • Essentials of teamcare in randomized controlled trials of multidisciplinary or interdisciplinary interventions in somatic care : A systematic review
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Open Journal of Nursing. - : Scientific Research Publishing. - 2162-5336 .- 2162-5344. ; 5:12, s. 1089-1101
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Teamcare should, like all patient care, also contribute to evidence-based practice (EBP). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) focusing on teamcare have been performed but no study has addressed its essentials. How far this EBP has progressed in different health aspects is generally established in systematic reviews of RCTs.Aim: The aim is to determine the essentials of teamcare including the nurse profession in RCTs of multi- or interdisciplinary interventions in somatic care focusing on the stated context, goals, strategies, content as well as effectiveness of quality of care.Methods: A systematic review was performed according to Cochrane review assumptions to identify, appraise and synthesize all empirical evidence meeting pre-specified eligibility criteria. The PRISMA statement guided the data selection process of 27 articles from PubMed and CINAHL.Results: Eighty-five percent of RCTs in somatic care showed a positive effectiveness of teamcare interventions, of which interdisciplinary ones showed a greater effectiveness compared with the multidisciplinary approach (100% vs 76%). Also theory-based RCTs presented higher positive effectiveness (85%) compared with non-theory-based RCTs (79%). The RCTs with positive effectiveness showed greater levels for professional-centered ambition in terms of goals and for team-directed initiatives in terms of strategy, and a significantly higher level for patient-team interaction plans in terms of content was shown.Conclusions: Teamcare RCTs are still grounded in the multidisciplinary approach having a professional-centered ambition while interdisciplinary approaches especially those that are theory-based appear to be essential with regard to positive effectiveness and preferable when person-centered careis applied.
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43.
  • Fråne, Anna, et al. (författare)
  • Kunskapsunderlag för ökad källsotering av plastförpackningar
  • 2015
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • I Sverige har vi sedan 1994 lagstiftat producentansvar för förpackningar, däribland plastförpackningar. Det innebär bland annat att producenterna är skyldiga att tillhandahålla ett insamlingssystem som tar hand om förpackningarna när de blivit avfall och att målen för materialåtervinning uppfylls. Som konsument är man ansvarig för att förpackningarna sorteras ut och lämnas i producenternas system. Insamlingssystem som bygger på att konsumenterna källsorterar plastförpackningar är det huvudsakliga verktyget för att samla in och därmed kunna materialåtervinna fler plastförpackningar. Enligt den senaste återvinningsstatistiken (från 2013) låg materialåtervinningsgraden för plastförpackningar på drygt 40 procent. Det betyder att nuvarande mål om att 30 procent av plastförpackningarna som sätts på marknaden ska materialåtervinnas uppfylls, men att det finns en bit kvar till målet 2020, att 50 procent ska materialåtervinnas. I samhället finns konsumenter som källsorterar plastförpackningar i olika omfattning. En förutsättning för att kunna öka materialåtervinningen är att förstå konsumenters motivation och incitament för sina ageranden, vad de ser för hinder och vad de efterfrågar för att källsortera fler plastförpackningar samt hur de tänker och tycker kring källsortering av plastförpackningar och om insamlingssystemen generellt. Målen med projektet var därför att ta fram kunskap om: o Hushållens uppfattning och åsikter om källsortering av plastförpackningar inklusive insamlingssystemens utformning och miljönytta. o Varför hushållen väljer eller inte väljer att källsortera plastförpackningar. o Möjligheter, drivkrafter och hinder för en ökad källsortering av plastförpackningar. o Vilken typ av plastförpackningar som konsumenter i regel är bättre respektive sämre på att källsortera, samt möjliga orsaker till agerandet. o Vilken information om källsortering av plastförpackningar som hushållen i projektets pilotkommun har fått och hur den har kommunicerats. Projektets resultat ska framförallt ge stöd åt Plastkretsens och Förpacknings- och tidningsinsamlingen FTI:s arbete för en ökad materialåtervinning av plastförpackningar och kunna fungera som underlag för åtgärdsförslag. Resultaten ska också kunna användas av producenter av plastförpackningar.
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44.
  • Gripeteg, Lena, 1970, et al. (författare)
  • Effects of bariatric surgery on disability pension in Swedish obese subjects
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Obesity. - 0307-0565 .- 1476-5497. ; 36:3, s. 356-362
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Prospective controlled data on the long-term effects of bariatric surgery on disability pension are not available. This study prospectively compare disability pension in surgically and conventionally treated obese men and women. METHODS: The Swedish obese subjects study started in 1987 and involved 2010 obese patients who had bariatric surgery and 2037 contemporaneously matched obese controls, who received conventional treatment. Outcomes of this report were: (i) incidence of disability pension from study inclusion to 31 December 2006 in all subjects, and, (ii) number of disability pension days over 10 years in a subgroup of individuals (N=2901) followed for at least 10 years where partial pensions were recalculated to full number of days per year. Objective information on granted disability pension was obtained from the Swedish Social Insurance Agency and disability pension follow-up rate was 99.9%. RESULTS: In men, the unadjusted incidence of disability pension did not differ between the surgery and control groups (N=156 in both groups). When adjusting for baseline confounders in men, a reduced risk of disability pension was suggested in the surgery group (hazard ratio 0.79, 95% confidence interval 0.62-1.00; P=0.05). Furthermore, the adjusted average number of disability pension days was lower in the surgery group, 609 versus 734 days (P=0.01). In women, bariatric surgery was not associated with significant effects on incidence or number of days of disability pension. CONCLUSION: Bariatric surgery may be associated with favourable effects on disability pension for up to 19 years in men whereas neither favourable nor unfavourable effects could be detected in women.
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45.
  • Grundström, Christina, et al. (författare)
  • Effect of Inbound OI on Performance in Manufacturing SMEs
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Proceedings Of ISPIM Conferences. - 9789522655912
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • With many manufacturing SMEs underperforming, the purpose of this paper is to evaluate which aspects of Open Innovation (OI) are applied and how these affect the performance of manufacturing SMEs. Using a set of 132 Swedish manufacturing SMEs, internal and external aspects affecting OI application were evaluated with regard how they affect OI performance. Two clusters were identified. One cluster had higher values on all variables except from supporting organizational structures, where the other group had the higher value. However, the variable with the strongest differentiating impact was by far strategic orientation. There was no significant difference in financial performance between the two clusters but several significant differences could be established regarding innovation performance measurements. 
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46.
  • Grundström, Christina, et al. (författare)
  • Fast-growing SMEs and the Role of Innovation
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Innovation Management. - : Imperial College Press. - 1363-9196 .- 1757-5877. ; 16:3, s. 1240003-1-1240003-19
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In a study of 409 Swedish SMEs, the difference between the highest growing, which can be characterized as gazelles, and the lowest growing companies were examined regarding performance change over a four year period and what contributed to the growth from an innovation perspective. It was concluded that, besides growing, the highest growing companies also showed high profitability,increased number of employees, and significantly higher markets shares locally, nationally and internationally than the lowest growing companies. Several traits were found to contribute to this. The highest growing companies had a significantly higher portion of new products as part of the turnover during the four years studied and they perceived themselves as differentiating from their competitors concerning: (1) offering better products, (2) understanding customer needs better, (3) having a higher pace or being more agile, and (4) keeping costs down. They also found it more important to take risks, reinvest any profit, and to focus on growth than the lowest growing companies, and this regardless of industry.
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47.
  • Grundström, Christina, et al. (författare)
  • Fast-growing SMEs and the Role of Innovation
  • 2011
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • In a study of 409 Swedish SMEs, the difference between the highest growing, which can be characterized as gazelles, and the lowest growing companies were examined regarding performance change 2006-2009 and what contributed to the growth from an innovation perspective. It was concluded that, besides growing, the highest growing companies also showed high profitability, increased number of employees, and significantly higher market shares locally, nationally and internationally than the lowest growing companies. Several traits were found to contribute to this. The highest growing companies had a significantly higher portion of new products as part of the turnover 2006-2009, and they perceived themselves as better than their competitors at: 1) offering better products, 2) understanding customer needs, 3) being agile, and 4) keeping costs down. They also found it more important to take risks, reinvest any profit and to focus on growth than the lowest growing companies, and this regardless of industry.
  •  
48.
  • Grundström, Christina, et al. (författare)
  • Manufacturing Smes And Open Innovation - Findings From Sweden
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the 6th ISPIM Innovation Symposium, 2013. - 9789522654236
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The knowledge on manufacturing SMEs and Open Innovation (OI) is limited and therefore, this article describes and evaluates how manufacturing SMEs apply and benefit from OI. Based on a survey and additional financial data, 151 Swedish manufacturing SMEs were evaluated with regard to variables concerning OI application and financial performance. The conclusions are that SMEs are very open to and want to learn from new ideas outside of the firm, however mainly applying inbound OI activities. Medium-sized firms use innovation collaboration more and are less reluctant to IP appropriability regimes. Being part of a larger organization may help SMEs use patents and trademarks. Significant relationships were established between OI variables and firms with the highest and the lowest profitability. These had a common core labelled "aiming at maintaining technology leadership". Finally, no connection between applying OI activities and firm profitability could be established.
  •  
49.
  • Grundström, Christina, et al. (författare)
  • Manufacturing Smes And Open Innovation - Findings From Sweden
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the 6th ISPIM Innovation Symposium, 2013. - Lappeenranta : Lappeenranta University of Technology Press. - 9789522654236
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The knowledge on manufacturing SMEs and Open Innovation (OI) is limited and therefore, this article describes and evaluates how manufacturing SMEs apply and benefit from OI. Based on a survey and additional financial data, 151 Swedish manufacturing SMEs were evaluated with regard to variables concerning OI application and financial performance. The conclusions are that SMEs are very open to and want to learn from new ideas outside of the firm, however mainly applying inbound OI activities. Medium-sized firms use innovation collaboration more and are less reluctant to IP appropriability regimes. Being part of a larger organization may help SMEs use patents and trademarks. Significant relationships were established between OI variables and firms with the highest and the lowest profitability. These had a common core labelled "aiming at maintaining technology leadership". Finally, no connection between applying OI activities and firm profitability could be established.
  •  
50.
  • Hagmar, Lars, et al. (författare)
  • Tidstrender för halter av persistenta klororganiska miljögifter i blod hos vuxna svenska män i relation till konsumtion av fet östersjöfisk
  • 2004
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Det har skett en signifikant genomsnittlig minskning med 34 till 55 % av serumhalterna av CB-153, p,p´-DDE och HCB under perioden 1991 till 2001 bland 39 medelålders svenska män, varav en del med hög konsumtion av fet östersjöfisk. Detta kunde inte förklaras med förändrad fiskkonsumtion över tiden. Däremot förklarade en ökad kroppsvikt en del av minskningen, genom en ”utspädningseffekt” (större distributionsvolym). Det är sannolikt att en minskad förorening av animaliska livsmedel med dessa POPs under senare år bidragit till de sjunkande halterna i serum. I motsats till resultaten för CB-153, p,p´-DDE och HCB förelåg det inte någon signifikant tidstrend för TEQ för PCDD eller PCDF I serum bland 26 medelålders svenska män, trots en längre uppföljningsperiod (1987 till 2002). För enskilda PCDD/F kongeners noterades såväl minskningar som ökningar över tiden. Resultaten ger vid handen att dioxinbelastningen varit oförändrad under den senaste 15 års perioden.
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