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2.
  • Wangel, Anne-Marie, et al. (författare)
  • The Core Elements of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing : Time, Honest Engagement, Therapeutic Relations, Professional Nursing and Lifetime-Perspective
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Issues in Mental Health Nursing. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0161-2840 .- 1096-4673. ; 45:4, s. 399-408
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Defining psychiatric and mental health nursing has been a challenge for decades, and it is still difficult to find a comprehensive definition. We have identified a possibility to clarify psychiatric and mental health nursing based on humanistic philosophy in a general psychiatric care context. The aim was therefore to identify and synthesize the theoretical frameworks from which psychiatric and mental health nursing models are developed. We systematically collected and evaluated articles based on Grounded Theory (GT) methodology regarding psychiatric or mental health nursing. The PRISMA statement for systematic reviews was used and the formal process of synthesis, as a three-step process of identifying first -, second - and third-order themes following the examples of Howell Major and Savin-Baden. The synthesis resulted in a model describing five core elements of psychiatric and mental health nursing: 'professional nursing', 'therapeutic relationships' and 'honest engagement', with time as the all-encompassing theme, including the patients' 'lifetime perspective'. Psychiatric and mental health nursing is a caring support towards recovery, where the patient's lifetime perspective must be in focus during the caring process with a relationship built on an honest engagement. Time is therefore essential for psychiatric and mental health nursing.
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4.
  • Fhager, Johan, et al. (författare)
  • The hairdex quality of life instrument : a translation and psychometric validation in patients with alopecia areata
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Skin Health and Disease. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2690-442X. ; 3:3
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: The German Hairdex quality of life (QoL) instrument is specific to hair and scalp diseases, developed for self-rating and consists of 48 statements divided into five domains: Symptoms, Functioning, Emotions, Self-confidence and Stigmatisation. There was a need of a Swedish reliability tested, validated hair and scalp specific QoL instrument why the German Hairdex was chosen to be translated and reliability tested in a systematic way.Objectives: To make a translation, a reliability test of stability, and validation of the German Hairdex QoL instrument among 100 Swedish patients with a dermatological ICD-10 diagnosis of alopecia areata (AA).Methods: An eight-step method by Gudmundsson was used as a model with a forward and backward translation and with comments from an expert panel. A statistical test–retest (ICC (2,1)) analysis was made, followed by an internal consistency analysis. A comparison between the German and Swedish Hairdex-S constructs by a principal component analysis was performed.Results: The Hairdex-S was very well accepted by patients. The ICC(2,1) test–retest showed a good to excellent correlation of 0.91 (CI [0.85–0.95]). Internal consistency was α = 0.92. Like the original Hairdex, Hairdex-S showed good factorability with a Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin measure of 0.82 and with one component explaining 70% of the variance: original Hairdex instrument (69%). When tested on patients with AA, the domains Functioning and Emotions had the strongest loadings, followed by Stigmatisation and Self-confidence. Younger AA patients at self-assessment and patients who reported to be younger at the onset of AA, scored statistically significantly higher on the Hairdex-S, indicating an overall lower QoL on domains Emotions and Functioning, respectively.Conclusions: The Hairdex-S is very well accepted by AA patients, shows very good psychometric properties, and a very good agreement with the original Hairdex. The Swedish Hairdex instrument can be recommended for evaluation of patients QoL as well as for research purposes.
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5.
  • Grahn, Karin, et al. (författare)
  • Occupational exposure to particles and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease – during work and after vacation
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-0131 .- 1432-1246. ; 95, s. 1537-1548
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective Ambient particle matter is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, little is known about associations between particles in occupational settings and risk of CVD. We investigated associations between occupational dust exposure and biomarkers of CVD, and potential recovery effects after vacation.Methods Personal dust exposure measurements (respirable silica, respirable dust < 4 mu m, and particles of 0.1-10 mu m (PM 0.1-10) were conducted once, and biological sampling were performed twice on non-smoking, male construction workers in Stockholm county, Sweden; during work and immediately after summer vacation. Linear regressions with adjustments for confounders and covariates were performed evaluating associations between occupational dust exposure and biomarkers. Paired t tests were performed evaluating changes before and after vacation.Results Sixty-five workers participated. Homocysteine concentrations were significantly higher with increasing concentrations (mg/m(3)) of respirable silica, respirable dust, and PM 0.1-10, and pulse rate with higher levels of respirable dust and dust of PM 0.1-10. Homocysteine levels were also positively correlated to number of years of dust exposure, as were low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. A clear recovery effect was present for LDL after vacation, but not for homocysteine.Conclusions Occupational dust exposure was associated with some CVD risk markers, even at mean exposure concentrations below the Swedish occupational exposure limits for respirable silica and respirable dust, respectively. Vacation resulted in recovery for some risk markers. However, the change of the homocysteine and LDL levels suggest a long-term effect. Reduction of occupational exposure to dust may decrease the risk of CVD among exposed workers.
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6.
  • Grahn, Karin, et al. (författare)
  • Occupational noise exposure and acute effects on pulse rate and blood pressure
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Congress on Acoustics.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Environmental exposure to noise and particle matter (PM) are risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although there are often higher levels in occupational settings, little is known about noise and particle exposures at work and CVD risks. We investigated occupational noise and particle exposures and acute effects on pulse rate and blood pressure. 46 active, non-smoking, male construction workers were included in the study. Continuously logged personal exposure measurements of noise (LAmax, LCpeak) and dust of PM 0.1-10, continuously logged pulse rate and blood pressure measurements were performed for one working day on each participant. Significant associations were seen between these three exposures and acute changes in pulse rate. The effects were seen below the Swedish occupational exposure limits for LAmax and LCpeak, indicating that these limits may not protect from adverse cardiovascular effects. Also, an additive effect on pulse rate was seen if simultaneously exposed to noise and dust. No association were found between these exposures and blood pressure.
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7.
  • Larsson, Ingrid, 1963, et al. (författare)
  • Optimized predictions of absolute and relative amounts of body fat from weight, height, other anthropometric predictors, and age 1.
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: The American journal of clinical nutrition. - 0002-9165. ; 83:2, s. 252-9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Body mass index (BMI) is the dominating weight-for-height index, but its validity as a body fat (BF) index has not been properly examined. OBJECTIVES: Our aims were to establish and validate optimal weight-for-height indexes for predicting absolute and relative (percentage) amounts of BF, to examine whether other commonly available anthropometric variables or age could add to the predictive power, and to explore the upper limit for percentage BF. DESIGN: One thousand one hundred twelve randomly selected subjects, and an additional 149 obese subjects, were included in the study. The subjects were randomly allocated to either a primary study group or a validation group. BF was measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The relations between weight/heightx (W/Hx) and BF (absolute or percentage) were examined for values of the exponent x that ranged from 0.0 to 3.0. The predictive power of equations that were based on optimal weight-for-height indexes was compared with equations based on weight, height, other anthropometric variables, and age. RESULTS: Absolute BF was optimally and linearly predicted by W/H1, whereas the percentage BF was optimally and nonlinearly predicted by W/H2. The percentage BF asymptotically approached 52% in women and 56% in men. The percentage BF increased only marginally from BMI (in kg/m2) values of >35 in women and >60 in men. Predictions of absolute BF were associated with smaller errors (8.5% for men and 5.7% for women) than were predictions of percentage BF (8.7% for men and 7.9% for women). The addition of other anthropometric measurements for both men and women, and the addition of age for women only, in the regression analyses moderately reduced these errors. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that W/H may be a more optimal weight-for-height index than is BMI, particularly at high body weights.
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8.
  • Manderius, Charlotta, et al. (författare)
  • The psychiatric mental health nurse's ethical considerations regarding the use of coercive measures : a qualitative interview study
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: BMC Nursing. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1472-6955. ; 22:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: In psychiatric inpatient care, situations arise where it may be necessary to use coercive measures and thereby restrict individual autonomy. The ethical principles of healthcare, i.e., respect for autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice, are recognized as central aspects in healthcare practice, and nurses must be clear about which ethical theories and principles to prioritize and what values are needed for a thorough ethical consideration. The aim of this study is to shed light on psychiatric mental health nurses' ethical considerations and on the factors influencing them when performing coercive measures.METHODS: This qualitative interview study included twelve psychiatric mental health nurses with experience from psychiatric inpatient care. A content analysis was made. The interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim, and categories were formulated.RESULTS: The study revealed a duality that created two categories: Ethical considerations that promote the patient's autonomy and health and Obstacles to ethical considerations. Based on this duality, ethical considerations were made when performing coercive measures to alleviate suffering and promote health. The result shows a high level of ethical awareness in clinical work. However, a request emerged for more theoretical knowledge about ethical concepts that could be implemented among the staff.CONCLUSION: The psychiatric mental health nurses in this study strive to do what is best for the patient, to respect the patient's autonomy as a guiding principle in all ethical considerations, and to avoid coercive measures. An organizational ethical awareness could increase the understanding of the difficult ethical considerations that nurses face with regard to minimizing the use of coercive measures in the long run.
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9.
  • Mellerup, Marie, et al. (författare)
  • Recovery at an Adult Psychiatric Day Hospital—A Qualitative Interview Study Describing Patients’ Experiences
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Issues in Mental Health Nursing. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0161-2840 .- 1096-4673. ; 45:6, s. 624-629
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Psychiatric Day Hospitals offer time-limited active treatment programmes that are therapeutically intensive, coordinated, and with structured clinical services within a stable environment. No previous studies have described patients’ experiences of recovery-oriented care at a Psychiatric Day Hospital in a Swedish or Nordic healthcare context. The aim of the study was to explore patients’ experiences of a Psychiatric Day Hospital with focus on patient recovery. A qualitative method was used; 12 in-depth interviews were performed with patients all analysed with content analysis. The theme that emerged was “A safe haven.” To do something routinely and meaningful during the days, feelings of security, and to gain increased knowledge about mental ill health were concepts which felt important and contributed to recovery. Feelings of belonging and prevention of loneliness were also highlighted. © 2024 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
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10.
  • Sjögran, Lotta, et al. (författare)
  • Self-Reported Experience of Abuse During the Life Course Among Men Seeking General Psychiatric or Addiction Care : A Prevalence Study in a Swedish Context.
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Violence and Victims. - : Springer Publishing Company. - 0886-6708 .- 1945-7073. ; 38:1, s. 111-129
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A prevalence study was conducted using the NorVold Abuse Questionnaire for men (m-NorAQ) to estimate the prevalence of self-reported experience of life-course abuse and to identify the perpetrators of the abuse. This among men seeking general psychiatric and addiction care in a Swedish context. In total, 210 men completed the questionnaire, and were included in the study. The total prevalence of life-course abuse (i.e., any emotional, physical or sexual abuse during the life course) was 75% (n = 157). The results of this study indicate the importance of identifying experiences of life-course abuse among men in general psychiatric and addiction care settings.
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11.
  • Sjögran, Lotta, et al. (författare)
  • Self-Reported Experience of Abuse During the Life Course Among Men Seeking General Psychiatric or Addiction Care—A Prevalence Study in a Swedish Context
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Violence and Victims. - : Springer Publishing Company. - 0886-6708 .- 1945-7073. ; 38:1, s. 111-129
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A prevalence study was conducted using the NorVold Abuse Questionnaire for men (m-NorAQ) to estimate the prevalence of self-reported experience of life-course abuse and to identify the perpetrators of the abuse. This among men seeking general psychiatric and addiction care in a Swedish context. In total, 210 men completed the questionnaire, and were included in the study. The total prevalence of life-course abuse (i.e., any emotional, physical or sexual abuse during the life course) was 75% (n= 157). The results of this study indicate the importance of identifying experiences of life-course abuse among men in general psychiatric and addiction care settings.
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12.
  • Sjöström, Lars, et al. (författare)
  • Bariatric surgery and long-term cardiovascular events.
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 1538-3598. ; 307:1, s. 56-65
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Obesity is a risk factor for cardiovascular events. Weight loss might protect against cardiovascular events, but solid evidence is lacking.
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13.
  • Sjöström, Lars, et al. (författare)
  • Effects of bariatric surgery on cancer incidence in obese patients in Sweden (Swedish Obese Subjects Study): a prospective, controlled intervention trial.
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: The lancet oncology. - 1474-5488. ; 10:7, s. 653-62
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Obesity is a risk factor for cancer. Intentional weight loss in the obese might protect against malignancy, but evidence is limited. To our knowledge, the Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study is the first intervention trial in the obese population to provide prospective, controlled cancer-incidence data. METHODS: The SOS study started in 1987 and involved 2010 obese patients (body-mass index [BMI] >or=34 kg/m(2) in men, and >or=38 kg/m(2) in women) who underwent bariatric surgery and 2037 contemporaneously matched obese controls, who received conventional treatment. While the main endpoint of SOS was overall mortality, the main outcome of this exploratory report was cancer incidence until Dec 31, 2005. Cancer follow-up rate was 99.9% and the median follow-up time was 10.9 years (range 0-18.1 years). FINDINGS: Bariatric surgery resulted in a sustained mean weight reduction of 19.9 kg (SD 15.6 kg) over 10 years, whereas the mean weight change in controls was a gain of 1.3 kg (SD 13.7 kg). The number of first-time cancers after inclusion was lower in the surgery group (n=117) than in the control group (n=169; HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.53-0.85, p=0.0009). The sex-treatment interaction p value was 0.054. In women, the number of first-time cancers after inclusion was lower in the surgery group (n=79) than in the control group (n=130; HR 0.58, 0.44-0.77; p=0.0001), whereas there was no effect of surgery in men (38 in the surgery group vs 39 in the control group; HR 0.97, 0.62-1.52; p=0.90). Similar results were obtained after exclusion of all cancer cases during the first 3 years of the intervention. INTERPRETATION: Bariatric surgery was associated with reduced cancer incidence in obese women but not in obese men. FUNDING: Swedish Research Council, Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research, Swedish Federal Government under the LUA/ALF agreement, Hoffmann La Roche, Cederoths, AstraZeneca, Sanofi-Aventis, Ethicon Endosurgery.
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14.
  • Sjöström, Lars, et al. (författare)
  • Effects of bariatric surgery on mortality in Swedish obese subjects.
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: The New England journal of medicine. - 1533-4406. ; 357:8, s. 741-52
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Obesity is associated with increased mortality. Weight loss improves cardiovascular risk factors, but no prospective interventional studies have reported whether weight loss decreases overall mortality. In fact, many observational studies suggest that weight reduction is associated with increased mortality. METHODS: The prospective, controlled Swedish Obese Subjects study involved 4047 obese subjects. Of these subjects, 2010 underwent bariatric surgery (surgery group) and 2037 received conventional treatment (matched control group). We report on overall mortality during an average of 10.9 years of follow-up. At the time of the analysis (November 1, 2005), vital status was known for all but three subjects (follow-up rate, 99.9%). RESULTS: The average weight change in control subjects was less than +/-2% during the period of up to 15 years during which weights were recorded. Maximum weight losses in the surgical subgroups were observed after 1 to 2 years: gastric bypass, 32%; vertical-banded gastroplasty, 25%; and banding, 20%. After 10 years, the weight losses from baseline were stabilized at 25%, 16%, and 14%, respectively. There were 129 deaths in the control group and 101 deaths in the surgery group. The unadjusted overall hazard ratio was 0.76 in the surgery group (P=0.04), as compared with the control group, and the hazard ratio adjusted for sex, age, and risk factors was 0.71 (P=0.01). The most common causes of death were myocardial infarction (control group, 25 subjects; surgery group, 13 subjects) and cancer (control group, 47; surgery group, 29). CONCLUSIONS: Bariatric surgery for severe obesity is associated with long-term weight loss and decreased overall mortality.
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15.
  • Sjöström, Lars, et al. (författare)
  • Lifestyle, diabetes, and cardiovascular risk factors 10 years after bariatric surgery.
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: The New England journal of medicine. - 1533-4406. ; 351:26, s. 2683-93
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Weight loss is associated with short-term amelioration and prevention of metabolic and cardiovascular risk, but whether these benefits persist over time is unknown. METHODS: The prospective, controlled Swedish Obese Subjects Study involved obese subjects who underwent gastric surgery and contemporaneously matched, conventionally treated obese control subjects. We now report follow-up data for subjects (mean age, 48 years; mean body-mass index, 41) who had been enrolled for at least 2 years (4047 subjects) or 10 years (1703 subjects) before the analysis (January 1, 2004). The follow-up rate for laboratory examinations was 86.6 percent at 2 years and 74.5 percent at 10 years. RESULTS: After two years, the weight had increased by 0.1 percent in the control group and had decreased by 23.4 percent in the surgery group (P<0.001). After 10 years, the weight had increased by 1.6 percent and decreased by 16.1 percent, respectively (P<0.001). Energy intake was lower and the proportion of physically active subjects higher in the surgery group than in the control group throughout the observation period. Two- and 10-year rates of recovery from diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hypertension, and hyperuricemia were more favorable in the surgery group than in the control group, whereas recovery from hypercholesterolemia did not differ between the groups. The surgery group had lower 2- and 10-year incidence rates of diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperuricemia than the control group; differences between the groups in the incidence of hypercholesterolemia and hypertension were undetectable. CONCLUSIONS: As compared with conventional therapy, bariatric surgery appears to be a viable option for the treatment of severe obesity, resulting in long-term weight loss, improved lifestyle, and, except for hypercholesterolemia, amelioration in risk factors that were elevated at baseline.
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16.
  • Sundberg, Kajsa, et al. (författare)
  • Nurses' leadership in psychiatric care : A qualitative interview study of nurses' experience of leadership in an adult psychiatric inpatient care setting
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1351-0126 .- 1365-2850. ; :5, s. 732-743
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • INTRODUCTION: Research shows that psychiatric nursing care puts additional demands on the nurse as a leader due to the psychological complexity of care. Experience and leadership training are most important to exert leadership. In Sweden, demands for leadership exists already at the beginning of a nursing career, and in psychiatry it may lead to an overwhelming workload.AIM/QUESTION: The aim of the present study is to highlight nurses' experiences of leading the psychiatric nursing care in an adult psychiatric context.METHOD: A qualitative interview study of eleven registered nurses within psychiatric inpatient care. Content analysis were used for analysis.RESULTS: Leading with combined feelings of both meaningfulness and uncertainty were the theme arising from the result.DISCUSSION: Findings from Swedish and international studies, stresses special demands on leadership in psychiatric care. The result show that nurses perceived an ambivalence of their leadership in terms of both meaningfulness and uncertainty.IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: An official mandate to lead as well as leadership guidance in communication and teambuilding will enhance leadership, especially among newly graduated nurses. Heightened awareness within health care organisations about difficulties in leading psychiatric nursing care, could increase the possibility to create right prerequisites for leadership.
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17.
  • Torgerson, Jarl S, 1960, et al. (författare)
  • Are elevated aminotransferases and decreased bilirubin additional characteristics of the metabolic syndrome?
  • 1997
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Obesity. ; 5, s. 105-114
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Department of Medicine, University of Göteborg, Sweden. Abnormal liver tests, as well as morphological changes in the liver, are frequent among obese patients. Other frequent disturbances are visceral fat accumulation, insulin resistance, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension; these are set of aberrations known as the metabolic syndrome. In order to investigate a possible relationship between the metabolic syndrome and impaired liver status we examined associations between liver tests, metabolic variables (insulin, glucose, and triglycerids), body composition and nutrition in 1,083 men (BMI 28.8-63.8 kg/m2) and 1,367 women (BMI 26.7-68.0 kg/m2) in the ongoing intervention study of Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS). Standard biochemical techniques were used to assess liver status and metabolic variables. Lean body mass (LBM) and masses of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue (AT) were estimated by means of computed tomography (CT) calibrated anthropometric equations. In both genders aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were, or tended to be, positively correlated to fasting serum insulin, visceral AT (women), and alcohol intake. In women, the aminotransferases were also correlated with fasting blood glucose. In both genders alkaline phosphatase was, or tended to be, positively associated with visceral AT, insulin (women), and glucose. Bilirubin was negatively correlated to insulin and visceral AT in men and women. Additional multivariate analyses indicated that alcohol had less explanatory power than serum insulin for the examined liver tests, especially among women. These results suggest that pathological liver tests in the obese may represent an expression of the metabolic syndrome. PMID: 9112245 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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19.
  • Alvfors, Per, 1954-, et al. (författare)
  • Research and development challenges for Swedish biofuel actors – three illustrative examples : Improvement potential discussed in the context of Well-to-Tank analyses
  • 2010
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Currently biofuels have strong political support, both in the EU and Sweden. The EU has, for example, set a target for the use of renewable fuels in the transportation sector stating that all EU member states should use 10% renewable fuels for transport by 2020. Fulfilling this ambition will lead to an enormous market for biofuels during the coming decade. To avoid increasing production of biofuels based on agriculture crops that require considerable use of arable area, focus is now to move towards more advanced second generation (2G) biofuels that can be produced from biomass feedstocks associated with a more efficient land use. Climate benefits and greenhouse gas (GHG) balances are aspects often discussed in conjunction with sustainability and biofuels. The total GHG emissions associated with production and usage of biofuels depend on the entire fuel production chain, mainly the agriculture or forestry feedstock systems and the manufacturing process. To compare different biofuel production pathways it is essential to conduct an environmental assessment using the well-to-tank (WTT) analysis methodology. In Sweden the conditions for biomass production are favourable and we have promising second generation biofuels technologies that are currently in the demonstration phase. In this study we have chosen to focus on cellulose based ethanol, methane from gasification of solid wood as well as DME from gasification of black liquor, with the purpose of identifying research and development potentials that may result in improvements in the WTT emission values. The main objective of this study is thus to identify research and development challenges for Swedish biofuel actors based on literature studies as well as discussions with the the researchers themselves. We have also discussed improvement potentials for the agriculture and forestry part of the WTT chain. The aim of this study is to, in the context of WTT analyses, (i) increase knowledge about the complexity of biofuel production, (ii) identify and discuss improvement potentials, regarding energy efficiency and GHG emissions, for three biofuel production cases, as well as (iii) identify and discuss improvement potentials regarding biomass supply, including agriculture/forestry. The scope of the study is limited to discussing the technologies, system aspects and climate impacts associated with the production stage. Aspects such as the influence on biodiversity and other environmental and social parameters fall beyond the scope of this study. We find that improvement potentials for emissions reductions within the agriculture/forestry part of the WTT chain include changing the use of diesel to low-CO2-emitting fuels, changing to more fuel-efficient tractors, more efficient cultivation and manufacture of fertilizers (commercial nitrogen fertilizer can be produced in plants which have nitrous oxide gas cleaning) as well as improved fertilization strategies (more precise nitrogen application during the cropping season). Furthermore, the cultivation of annual feedstock crops could be avoided on land rich in carbon, such as peat soils and new agriculture systems could be introduced that lower the demand for ploughing and harrowing. Other options for improving the WTT emission values includes introducing new types of crops, such as wheat with higher content of starch or willow with a higher content of cellulose. From the case study on lignocellulosic ethanol we find that 2G ethanol, with co-production of biogas, electricity, heat and/or wood pellet, has a promising role to play in the development of sustainable biofuel production systems. Depending on available raw materials, heat sinks, demand for biogas as vehicle fuel and existing 1G ethanol plants suitable for integration, 2G ethanol production systems may be designed differently to optimize the economic conditions and maximize profitability. However, the complexity connected to the development of the most optimal production systems require improved knowledge and involvement of several actors from different competence areas, such as chemical and biochemical engineering, process design and integration and energy and environmental systems analysis, which may be a potential barrier.
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20.
  • Alvfors, Per, et al. (författare)
  • Research and development challenges for Swedish biofuel actors – three illustrative examples
  • 2010
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Currently biofuels have strong political support, both in the EU and Sweden. The EU has, for example, set a target for the use of renewable fuels in the transportation sector stating that all EU member states should use 10% renewable fuels for transport by 2020. Fulfilling this ambition will lead to an enormous market for biofuels during the coming decade. To avoid increasing production of biofuels based on agriculture crops that require considerable use of arable area, focus is now to move towards more advanced second generation (2G) biofuels that can be produced from biomass feedstocks associated with a more efficient land use.Climate benefits and greenhouse gas (GHG) balances are aspects often discussed in conjunction with sustainability and biofuels. The total GHG emissions associated with production and usage of biofuels depend on the entire fuel production chain, mainly the agriculture or forestry feedstock systems and the manufacturing process. To compare different biofuel production pathways it is essential to conduct an environmental assessment using the well-to-tank (WTT) analysis methodology. In Sweden the conditions for biomass production are favourable and we have promising second generation biofuels technologies that are currently in the demonstration phase. In this study we have chosen to focus on cellulose based ethanol, methane from gasification of solid wood as well as DME from gasification of black liquor, with the purpose of identifying research and development potentials that may result in improvements in the WTT emission values. The main objective of this study is thus to identify research and development challenges for Swedish biofuel actors based on literature studies as well as discussions with the the researchers themselves. We have also discussed improvement potentials for the agriculture and forestry part of the WTT chain. The aim of this study is to, in the context of WTT analyses, (i) increase knowledge about the complexity of biofuel production, (ii) identify and discuss improvement potentials, regarding energy efficiency and GHG emissions, for three biofuel production cases, as well as (iii) identify and discuss improvement potentials regarding biomass supply, including agriculture/forestry. The scope of the study is limited to discussing the technologies, system aspects and climate impacts associated with the production stage. Aspects such as the influence on biodiversity and other environmental and social parameters fall beyond the scope of this study. We find that improvement potentials for emissions reductions within the agriculture/forestry part of the WTT chain include changing the use of diesel to low-CO2-emitting fuels, changing to more fuel-efficient tractors, more efficient cultivation and manufacture of fertilizers (commercial nitrogen fertilizer can be produced in plants which have nitrous oxide gas cleaning) as well as improved fertilization strategies (more precise nitrogen application during the cropping season). Furthermore, the cultivation of annual feedstock crops could be avoided on land rich in carbon, such as peat soils and new agriculture systems could be introduced that lower the demand for ploughing and harrowing. Other options for improving the WTT emission values includes introducing new types of crops, such as wheat with higher content of starch or willow with a higher content of cellulose. From the case study on lignocellulosic ethanol we find that 2G ethanol, with co-production of biogas, electricity, heat and/or wood pellet, has a promising role to play in the development of sustainable biofuel production systems. Depending on available raw materials, heat sinks, demand for biogas as vehicle fuel and existing 1G ethanol plants suitable for integration, 2G ethanol production systems may be designed differently to optimize the economic conditions and maximize profitability. However, the complexity connected to the development of the most optimal production systems require improved knowledge and involvement of several actors from different competence areas, such as chemical and biochemical engineering, process design and integration and energy and environmental systems analysis, which may be a potential barrier. Three important results from the lignocellulosic ethanol study are: (i) the production systems could be far more complex and intelligently designed than previous studies show, (ii) the potential improvements consist of a large number of combinations of process integration options wich partly depends on specific local conditions, (iii) the environmental performance of individual systems may vary significantly due to systems design and local conditons.From the case study on gasification of solid biomass for the production of biomethane we find that one of the main advantages of this technology is its high efficiency in respect to converting biomass into fuels for transport. For future research we see a need for improvements within the gas up-grading section, including gas cleaning and gas conditioning, to obtain a more efficient process. A major challenge is to remove the tar before the methanation reaction. Three important results from the biomethane study are: (i) it is important not to crack the methane already produced in the syngas, which indicates a need for improved catalysts for selective tar cracking, (ii) there is a need for new gas separation techniques to facilitate the use of air oxidation agent instead of oxygen in the gasifier, and (iii) there is a need for testing the integrated process under realistic conditions, both at atmospheric and pressurized conditions. From the case study on black liquor gasification for the production of DME we find that the process has many advantages compared to other biofuel production options, such as the fact that black liquor is already partially processed and exists in a pumpable, liquid form, and that the process is pressurised and tightly integrated with the pulp mill, which enhances fuel production efficiency. However, to achieve commercial status, some challenges still remain, such as demonstrating that materials and plant equipment meet the high availability required when scaling up to industrial size in the pulp mill, and also proving that the plant can operate according to calculated heat and material balances. Three important results from the DME study are: (i) that modern chemical pulp mills, having a potential surplus of energy, could become important suppliers of renewable fuels for transport, (ii) there is a need to demonstrate that renewable DME/methanol will be proven to function in large scale, and (iii) there is still potential for technology improvements and enhanced energy integration. Although quantitative improvement potentials are given in the three biofuel production cases, it is not obvious how these potentials would affect WTT values, since the biofuel production processes are complex and changing one parameter impacts other parameters. The improvement potentials are therefore discussed qualitatively. From the entire study we have come to agree on the following common conclusions: (i) research and development in Sweden within the three studied 2G biofuel production technologies is extensive, (ii) in general, the processes, within the three cases, work well at pilot and demonstration scale and are now in a phase to be proven in large scale, (iii) there is still room for improvement although some processes have been known for decades, (iv) the biofuel production processes are complex and site specific and process improvements need to be seen and judged from a broad systems perspective (both within the production plant as well as in the entire well-to-tank perspective), and (v) the three studied biofuel production systems are complementary technologies. Futher, the process of conducting this study is worth mentioning as a result itself, i.e. that many different actors within the field have proven their ability and willingness to contribute to a common report, and that the cooperation climate was very positive and bodes well for possible future collaboration within the framework of the f3 center. Finally, judging from the political ambitions it is clear that the demand for renewable fuels will significantly increase during the coming decade. This will most likely result in opportunities for a range of biofuel options. The studied biofuel options all represent 2G biofuels and they can all be part of the solution to meet the increased renewable fuel demand.
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21.
  • Alvors, Per, et al. (författare)
  • Research and development challenges for Swedish biofuel actors – three illustrative examples : Improvement potential discussed in the context of Well-to-Tank analyses
  • 2010
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Currently biofuels have strong political support, both in the EU and Sweden. The EU has, for example, set a target for the use of renewable fuels in the transportation sector stating that all EU member states should use 10% renewable fuels for transport by 2020. Fulfilling this ambition will lead to an enormous market for biofuels during the coming decade. To avoid increasing production of biofuels based on agriculture crops that require considerable use of arable area, focus is now to move towards more advanced second generation (2G) biofuels that can be produced from biomass feedstocks associated with a more efficient land use.Climate benefits and greenhouse gas (GHG) balances are aspects often discussed in conjunction with sustainability and biofuels. The total GHG emissions associated with production and usage of biofuels depend on the entire fuel production chain, mainly the agriculture or forestry feedstock systems and the manufacturing process. To compare different biofuel production pathways it is essential to conduct an environmental assessment using the well-to-tank (WTT) analysis methodology.In Sweden the conditions for biomass production are favourable and we have promising second generation biofuels technologies that are currently in the demonstration phase. In this study we have chosen to focus on cellulose based ethanol, methane from gasification of solid wood as well as DME from gasification of black liquor, with the purpose of identifying research and development potentials that may result in improvements in the WTT emission values. The main objective of this study is thus to identify research and development challenges for Swedish biofuel actors based on literature studies as well as discussions with the the researchers themselves. We have also discussed improvement potentials for the agriculture and forestry part of the WTT chain. The aim of this study is to, in the context of WTT analyses, (i) increase knowledge about the complexity of biofuel production, (ii) identify and discuss improvement potentials, regarding energy efficiency and GHG emissions, for three biofuel production cases, as well as (iii) identify and discuss improvement potentials regarding biomass supply, including agriculture/forestry. The scope of the study is limited to discussing the technologies, system aspects and climate impacts associated with the production stage. Aspects such as the influence on biodiversity and other environmental and social parameters fall beyond the scope of this study.We find that improvement potentials for emissions reductions within the agriculture/forestry part of the WTT chain include changing the use of diesel to low-CO2-emitting fuels, changing to more fuel-efficient tractors, more efficient cultivation and manufacture of fertilizers (commercial nitrogen fertilizer can be produced in plants which have nitrous oxide gas cleaning) as well as improved fertilization strategies (more precise nitrogen application during the cropping season). Furthermore, the cultivation of annual feedstock crops could be avoided on land rich in carbon, such as peat soils and new agriculture systems could be introduced that lower the demand for ploughing and harrowing. Other options for improving the WTT emission values includes introducing new types of crops, such as wheat with higher content of starch or willow with a higher content of cellulose.From the case study on lignocellulosic ethanol we find that 2G ethanol, with co-production of biogas, electricity, heat and/or wood pellet, has a promising role to play in the development of sustainable biofuel production systems. Depending on available raw materials, heat sinks, demand for biogas as vehicle fuel and existing 1G ethanol plants suitable for integration, 2G ethanol production systems may be designed differently to optimize the economic conditions and maximize profitability. However, the complexity connected to the development of the most optimal production systems require improved knowledge and involvement of several actors from different competence areas, such as chemical and biochemical engineering, process design and integration and energy and environmental systems analysis, which may be a potential barrier.Three important results from the lignocellulosic ethanol study are: (i) the production systems could be far more complex and intelligently designed than previous studies show, (ii) the potential improvements consist of a large number of combinations of process integration options wich partly depends on specific local conditions, (iii) the environmental performance of individual systems may vary significantly due to systems design and local conditons.From the case study on gasification of solid biomass for the production of biomethane we find that one of the main advantages of this technology is its high efficiency in respect to converting biomass into fuels for transport. For future research we see a need for improvements within the gas up-grading section, including gas cleaning and gas conditioning, to obtain a more efficient process. A major challenge is to remove the tar before the methanation reaction.Three important results from the biomethane study are: (i) it is important not to crack the methane already produced in the syngas, which indicates a need for improved catalysts for selective tar cracking, (ii) there is a need for new gas separation techniques to facilitate the use of air oxidation agent instead of oxygen in the gasifier, and (iii) there is a need for testing the integrated process under realistic conditions, both at atmospheric and pressurized conditions.From the case study on black liquor gasification for the production of DME we find that the process has many advantages compared to other biofuel production options, such as the fact that black liquor is already partially processed and exists in a pumpable, liquid form, and that the process is pressurised and tightly integrated with the pulp mill, which enhances fuel production efficiency. However, to achieve commercial status, some challenges still remain, such as demonstrating that materials and plant equipment meet the high availability required when scaling up to industrial size in the pulp mill, and also proving that the plant can operate according to calculated heat and material balances. Three important results from the DME study are: (i) that modern chemical pulp mills, having a potential surplus of energy, could become important suppliers of renewable fuels for transport, (ii) there is a need to demonstrate that renewable DME/methanol will be proven to function in large scale, and (iii) there is still potential for technology improvements and enhanced energy integration.Although quantitative improvement potentials are given in the three biofuel production cases, it is not obvious how these potentials would affect WTT values, since the biofuel production processes are complex and changing one parameter impacts other parameters. The improvement potentials are therefore discussed qualitatively. From the entire study we have come to agree on the following common conclusions: (i) research and development in Sweden within the three studied 2G biofuel production technologies is extensive, (ii) in general, the processes, within the three cases, work well at pilot and demonstration scale and are now in a phase to be proven in large scale, (iii) there is still room for improvement although some processes have been known for decades, (iv) the biofuel production processes are complex and site specific and process improvements need to be seen and judged from a broad systems perspective (both within the production plant as well as in the entire well-to-tank perspective), and (v) the three studied biofuel production systems are complementary technologies. Futher, the process of conducting this study is worth mentioning as a result itself, i.e. that many different actors within the field have proven their ability and willingness to contribute to a common report, and that the cooperation climate was very positive and bodes well for possible future collaboration within the framework of the f3 center.Finally, judging from the political ambitions it is clear that the demand for renewable fuels will significantly increase during the coming decade. This will most likely result in opportunities for a range of biofuel options. The studied biofuel options all represent 2G biofuels and they can all be part of the solution to meet the increased renewable fuel demand.
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22.
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23.
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24.
  • Bammann, Karin, et al. (författare)
  • Assessment of diet, physical activity and biological, social and environmental factors in a multi-centre European project on diet- and lifestyle-related disorders in children (IDEFICS)
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Journal of Public Health. - 0943-1853 .- 1613-2238. ; 14, s. 279-289
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Obesity is a major public health problem in developed countries. We present a European project, called Identification and Prevention of Dietary and Lifestyle-induced Health Effects in Children and Infants (IDEFICS), that focuses on diet- and lifestyle-related diseases in children. This paper outlines methodological aspects and means of quality control in IDEFICS. IDEFICS will use a multicentre survey design of a population-based cohort of about 17,000 2- to 10-year-old children in nine European countries (Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Spain and Sweden). The project will investigate the impact of dietary factors such as food intake and food preferences, lifestyle factors such as physical activity, psychosocial factors and genetic factors on the development of obesity and other selected diet- and lifestyle-related disorders. An intervention study will be set up in pre-school and primary school settings in eight of the survey centres. Standardised survey instruments will be designed during the first phase of the project and applied in the surveys by all centres. Standard operation procedures (SOPs) will be developed, as well as a plan for training the personnel involved in the surveys. These activities will be accompanied by a quality control strategy that will encompass the evaluation of process and result quality throughout the project. IDEFICS will develop comparable Europe-wide health indicators and instruments for data collection among young children. Establishment of a new European cohort within IDEFICS will provide a unique opportunity to document the development of the obesity epidemic in the current generation of young Europeans and investigate the impact of primary prevention in European children populations.
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25.
  • Barut, Oya, et al. (författare)
  • Giant cell granuloma and neurofibroma in the mandible of a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1 : a long-term follow-up case report with radiological and surgical aspects and a review of the literature
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: BMC Oral Health. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1472-6831. ; 24:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain is frequently performed on patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), to detect and follow-up intracranial findings. In addition, NF1-related pathologies can appear in the jaws. This case study investigates if it is advantageous to assess the depicted parts of the jaws in the imaging of NF1 patients with intracranial findings, thereby detecting jaw pathologies in their initial stages.Case presentation: We report on the 3-year management with clinical and radiological follow-ups of a central giant cell granuloma and a neurofibroma in the mandible of a patient with NF1 who underwent examinations with brain MRIs. A review of the mandible in the patient’s MRIs disclosed lesions with clear differences in progression rates.Conclusion: NF1-related jaw pathologies may be detected in the early stages if the depicted parts of the jaws are included in the assessment of the imaging of NF1 patients with intracranial findings. This could impact the treatment of eventual pathologies before lesion progression and further damage to the vicinity.
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26.
  • Bengtsson, Mariette, 1957-, et al. (författare)
  • Errors linked to medication management in nursing homes : an interview study
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: BMC Nursing. - : BioMed Central. - 1472-6955. ; 20:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: The number of errors in medication management in nursing homes is increasing, which may lead to potentially life-threatening harm. Few studies on this subject are found in the municipal nursing home setting, and causes need to be identified. The aim of this study was to explore perceptions of errors connected to medication management in nursing homes by exploring the perspective of first-line registered nurses, registered nurses, and non-licensed staff involved in the care of older persons.METHODS: A qualitative research approach was applied based on semi-structured interviews with 21 participants at their workplaces: Seven in each of the occupational categories of first-line registered nurses, registered nurses, and non-licensed staff. Subcategories were derived from transcribed interviews by content analysis and categorized according to the Man, Technology, and Organization concept of error causation, which is as a framework to identify errors.RESULTS: Mistakes in medication management were commonly perceived as a result of human shortcomings and deficiencies in working conditions such as the lack of safe tools to facilitate and secure medication management. The delegation of drug administration to non-licensed staff, the abandonment of routines, carelessness, a lack of knowledge, inadequate verbal communication between colleagues, and a lack of understanding of the difficulties involved in handling the drugs were all considered as risk areas for errors. Organizational hazards were related to the ability to control the delegation, the standard of education, and safety awareness among staff members. Safety issues relating to technology involved devices for handling prescription cards and when staff were not included in the development process of new technological aids. A lack of staff and the lack of time to act safely in the care of the elderly were also perceived as safety hazards, particularly with the non-licensed staff working in nursing homes.CONCLUSIONS: The staff working in nursing homes perceive that the risks due to medication management are mainly caused by human limitations or technical deficiencies. Organizational factors, such as working conditions, can often facilitate the occurrence of malpractice. To minimize mistakes, care managers need to have a systemwide perspective on safety issues, where organizational issues are essential.
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27.
  • Berglind, Johanna, et al. (författare)
  • Allt åt alla för alltid : Förslag till ett nationellt ramverk för gallring och bevarande
  • 2020
  • Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
    • Kungliga biblioteket (KB) tillsatte sommaren 2019 en arbetsgrupp med uppdrag attpåbörja arbetet med nationella riktlinjer för gallring. Via tidigare nätverksmöten ochkonferenser samt i rapporter hade det framkommit en önskan om ett nationelltsamarbete kring gallring och bevarande.Forskningsbiblioteken (lärosätesbibliotek och specialbibliotek) gallrar i dagslägetmycket tryckt material, men arbetet sker utan samordning. Viktigt material riskerardärför att gå förlorat. Tidigare svenska samarbeten kring bevarande och gallring visar pågod vilja och goda intentioner. Dock har det funnits brister i långsiktighet ochorganisation, oklar finansiering på lång sikt och svag samordning och uppföljning. Flerapågående och framgångsrika internationella initiativ visar på behovet av samsyn kringgrundläggande mål med arbetet och en långsiktigt hållbar lösning, såväl ideologiskt somfinansiellt och organisatoriskt.Arbetsgruppen har genom omvärldsbevakning och avstämning med fältet tydliggjortkärnan i vad ett långsiktigt samarbete skulle innebära. Detta har konkretiserats i ettförslag till en vision och policy i form av ett ramverk. Visionen sammanfattas i att”forskningsbiblioteken samverkar långsiktigt och tar ett gemensamt ansvar för att spara,bevara och tillgängliggöra material för dagens och framtidens behov för alla sinamålgrupper”.Visionen konkretiseras i sex policy-punkter om samverkan, bevarande ochtillgängliggörande. Samverkan bör ske genom en formaliserad organisationsstruktur ochge förutsättningar för att se samlingarna som en gemensam resurs, så att varje bibliotekinte behöver spara allt. Minst ett exemplar av det svenska trycket ska bevaras som"samhällets minne" och ett tillräckligt antal exemplar måste sparas för att ävensäkerställa nyttjande för framtiden. Material som sparas måste tillgängliggöras effektivt(genom till exempel digitalisering och fjärrlån) och god sökbarhet upprätthålls genomkvalitativ metadata.Ramverket har diskuterats med fältet på flertalet workshoppar, vid konferensenSamlingshantering i teori och praktik1 samt genom en enkät till berörda bibliotek.Dialogen visar på ett mycket stort intresse hos biblioteken för att samarbeta kringgallring och bevarande av lågfrekvent använt material och på så sätt säkra tillgången tillforskningsmaterial. Ramverket är ett sätt att samordna resurser för att bygga relevantatjänster och säkra tillgång till samlingar för framtiden. Det krävs ett tätt samarbete ochgemensamt ansvarstagande mellan KB och forskningsbiblioteken för att ge tyngd ochförutsättningar för ett långsiktigt och hållbart arbete. Behoven och möjligheterna för biblioteken att delta i ett samarbete ser dock olika ut. Därför är det viktigt att de kandelta efter sina specifika förutsättningar.Arbetsgruppens rekommendation är att KB i det första skedet bör leda arbetet med attfastställa ramverket och dess vision med intresserade forskningsbibliotek, genomexempelvis en avsiktsförklaring. Man behöver också skapa förutsättningar förimplementering av ramverket genom att till exempel definiera roller och samordna medandra pågående utredningar. I nästa fas tas en organisation för samarbetet framgemensamt av deltagande parter. Därefter kan det praktiska arbetet starta, till exempel iform av pilotprojekt som kan utgå från bibliotekens pågående eller planeradegallringsarbeten. Detta för att i mindre skala pröva ramverket, dess finansiering ochorganisation samt framtagna riktlinjer, innan det skalas upp. Slutligen kan projektetövergå till förvaltning, där organisation, roller, finansiering och riktlinjer fastställs.  
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28.
  • Bergman, Stefan, et al. (författare)
  • Detrital zircons in late Svecofennian metasandstones in central Sweden and southern Finland
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Bulletin of The Geological Society of Finland. ; , s. 184-
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Deformed and metamorphosed quartz-rich sandstones in southern Finland and east-central Sweden were presumed to be deposited in late Svecofennian time (< c. 1.88 Ga). On the basis of this assumption detrital zircons were selected from four localities (Luukkola, Pyhäntaka and Tiirismaa in Finland and Hamrånge in Sweden) for U-Pb SIMS determination.The obtained ages define three age groups, 2.90 2.40 Ga, 2.15 1.96 Ga and 1.92 1.84 Ga, with no correlation between age and Th/U-ratio. The groups are similar in all four samples, which supports correlation, and they are comparable to previously reported detrital ages in this part of the Fennoscandian Shield. The oldest zircon analysed gave an age of 3.32 Ga (Tiirismaa).The maximum ages of sedimentation (and of subsequent deformation and metamorphism), indicated by the youngest zircon, from the four localities are 1842±10 Ma (Luukkola), 1865±11 Ma (Pyhäntaka), 1848±13 Ma (Tiirismaa), and 1855±10 Ma (Hamrånge), respectively. Possible source rocks for these zircons are found in and in the vicinity of the vast Ljusdal Batholith in Sweden. Importantly, rocks with such ages are rare in Finland.It is concluded that one or several sedimentary basins covered an area of at least 400x500 km at c. 1.85 1.82 Ga ago in the Fennoscandian Shield. Basin formation can be constrained between 1.86 and 1.83 Ga, the latter age by onset of regional metamorphism in southern Finland.Stratigraphically below the metasandstone at Hamrånge is a metadacite with an U-Pb zircon TIMS age of 1888±6 Ma. This indicates affinity to the metavolcanic rocks in Bergslagen to the south, rather than to the younger equivalents at Loos to the northwest. It also suggests a significant time gap of >30 Ma between the volcanism and sand deposition in the Hamrånge area.
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29.
  • Bergman, S., et al. (författare)
  • Timing of Palaeoproterozoic intra-orogenic sedimentation in the central Fennoscandian Shield; evidence from detrital zircon in metasandstone
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Precambrian Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-9268 .- 1872-7433. ; 161:3-4, s. 231-249
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Detrital zircon U-Pb SIMS data on quartz-rich metasandstone units presumed to belong to the upper part of the Svecofennian stratigraphy in southeastern Finland and east-central Sweden suggest the existence of clastic sedimentary basins between the two main orogenic phases at 1.89-1.86 Ga and 1.83-1.79 Ga, during a period referred to as the intra-orogenic phase (1.86-1.83 Ga). Stratigraphically below the metasandstone at Hamrange, east-central Sweden, is a metadacite with an U-Pb zircon TIMS age of 1888 +/- 6 Ma, which indicates the maximum age of sedimentation. It also indicates that an earlier proposed correlation of Hamrange metavolcanic rocks and 1.86Ga equivalents at Los to the northwest must be rejected. Instead, there is a temporal affinity to the metavolcanic rocks in the Bergslagen Province to the south or Southern Finland to the east. Quartz-rich metasandstone samples from four localities, Luukkola, Pyhantaka and Tiirismaa in Finland and Hamrange in Sweden, yield multimodal detrital zircon age distributions with main populations at 2.95-2.60 Ga, 2.10-1.95 Ga and 1.92-1.85 Ga. The groups are similar in all four samples, and they are comparable to previously reported detrital ages in this part of the Fennoscandian Shield. The oldest zircon analysed gave an age of 3.32 Ga (Tiirismaa). The maximum ages of sedimentation (and of subsequent deformation and metamorphism), indicated by the youngest detrital zircon, from the four localities are 1842 10 Ma (Luukkola), 1865 +/- 11 Ma (Pyhantaka), 1848 +/- 13 Ma (Tiirismaa), and 1855 10 Ma (Hamrange), respectively. Possible source rocks for these zircon grains are found within and around the vast Ljusdal Batholith in Sweden, and in the Arc Complexes of Western and Southern Finland. It is concluded that several intra-orogenic sedimentary basins existed during the time interval 1.86-1.83 Ga ago, between two major orogenic events in the Fermoscandian Shield.
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30.
  • Bergman, S., et al. (författare)
  • Transpressive shear related to arc magmatism: The Paleoproterozoic Storsjön-Edsbyn Deformation Zone, central Sweden
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Tectonics. - 0278-7407 .- 1944-9194. ; 25
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The polyphase, 15–30 km wide and >200 km long Storsjön-Edsbyn Deformation Zone (SEDZ) apparently separates two major Paleoproterozoic provinces in central Sweden. Four main phases of deformation have been recognized along the zone; associated high-strain rocks are characterized by their mineralogy, microstructures, kinematic patterns, magnetic signatures, and relative ages. The mineral and stretching lineations are consistently steeply to moderately plunging. Analysis of mesoscopic shear zone populations of different generations suggests that most displacements are compatible with north-south to northeast-southwest bulk regional shortening. The structural analysis suggests that the main ductile deformation along the SEDZ was due to dextral transpression with a steep coaxial component. Field evidence combined with published age data constrain the main deformation to the time interval circa 1.7–1.3 Ga. Synkinematic titanite from a ductile protomylonite in the SEDZ yields an U-Pb age of 1674 ± 6 Ma. The combined results imply transpressive deformation broadly synchronous with, and spatially related to, volcanism and plutonism in a continental margin magmatic arc setting.
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31.
  • Berteus Forslund, Helene, 1952, et al. (författare)
  • Meal patterns and obesity in Swedish women-a simple instrument describing usual meal types, frequency and temporal distribution
  • 2002
  • Ingår i: Eur J Clin Nutr. - 0954-3007. ; 56:8, s. 740-7
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: To characterize meal patterns in relation to obesity in Swedish women using a simple instrument describing meal frequency, meal types and temporal distribution. DESIGN: Cross-sectional parallel group design. SUBJECTS: Eighty-three obese women from the Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study were compared with 94 reference women, randomly recruited from the population. METHOD: A new, simplified and self-instructing questionnaire was used to assess meal patterns. Usual meal pattern was reported as time and meal type for each intake episode during a typical day. RESULTS: The obese women consumed 6.1 meals/day compared with 5.2 meals/day among the reference women (P<0.0001). All types of meals except 'drink meals' were significantly more frequently consumed in the obese group. The obese women also displayed a different meal pattern across the day, consuming a larger number of meals later in the day. As a result a larger fraction of each obese woman's total meals were consumed in the afternoon and in the evening/night. There was no difference in the number of obese vs reference women consuming breakfast. Snack meals were positively associated with total energy intake in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: A new simplified method assessing meal pattern revealed that the number of reported intake occasions across a usual day was higher in obese women compared with controls and the timing was shifted to later in the day. These findings should be considered in the treatment of obesity.
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32.
  • Berteus Forslund, Helene, 1952, et al. (författare)
  • Snacking frequency in relation to energy intake and food choices in obese men and women compared to a reference population.
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: International journal of obesity (2005). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0307-0565 .- 1476-5497. ; 29:6, s. 711-9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: To investigate snacking frequency in relation to energy intake and food choices, taking physical activity into account, in obese vs reference men and women. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, descriptive study. SUBJECTS: In total, 4259 obese, middle-aged subjects (1891 men and 2368 women) from the baseline examination of the XENDOS study and 1092 subjects (505 men and 587 women) from the SOS reference study were included. MEASUREMENTS: A meal pattern questionnaire describing habitual intake occasions (main meals, light meals/breakfast, snacks, drink-only), a dietary questionnaire describing habitual energy and macronutrient intake and a questionnaire assessing physical activity at work and during leisure time were used. RESULTS: The obese group consumed snacks more frequently compared to the reference group (P<0.001) and women more frequently than men (P<0.001). Energy intake increased with increasing snacking frequency, irrespective of physical activity. Statistically significant differences in trends were found for cakes/cookies, candies/chocolate and desserts for the relation between energy intake and snacking frequency, where energy intake increased more by snacking frequency in obese subjects than in reference subjects. CONCLUSION: Obese subjects were more frequent snackers than reference subjects and women were more frequent snackers than men. Snacks were positively related to energy intake, irrespective of physical activity. Sweet, fatty food groups were associated with snacking and contributed considerably to energy intake. Snacking needs to be considered in obesity treatment, prevention and general dietary recommendations.
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33.
  • Blanco Penedo, Isabel, et al. (författare)
  • Improving Animal Health on Organic Dairy Farms: Stakeholder Views on Policy Options
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 12
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Although ensuring good animal health is a stated aim of organic livestock farming and an important reason why consumers purchase organic products, the health states actually achieved are comparable to those in conventional farming. Unfortunately, there have been no studies to date that have assessed stakeholder views on different policy options for improving animal health on organic dairy farms. To address this deficit, stakeholder consultations were conducted in four European countries, involving 39 supply-chain stakeholders (farmers, advisors, veterinarians, inspectors, processors, and retailers). Stakeholders were encouraged to discuss different ways, including policy change, of improving organic health states. Acknowledging the need for further health improvements in organic dairy herds, stakeholders generally favoured establishing outcome-oriented animal health requirements as a way of achieving this. However, as a result of differing priorities for animal health improvement, there was disagreement on questions such as: who should be responsible for assessing animal health status on organic farms; and how to define and implement minimum health requirements. The results of the study suggest that future research must fully explore the opportunities and risks of different policy options and also suggest ways to overcome the divergence of stakeholders' interests in public debates.
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34.
  • Blanco Penedo, Isabel, et al. (författare)
  • Structural characteristics of organic dairy farms in four European countries and their association with the implementation of animal health plans
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Agricultural Systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 0308-521X .- 1873-2267. ; 173, s. 244-253
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim of the present study was to classify the diversity of organic dairy farms in four European countries according to their structural characteristics and investigate the association of these farm types with implementation of herd health plans. A Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA), followed by Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AHC), was used to classify the farms. Data for the analysis came from a survey of 192 organic farms from France, Germany, Spain and Sweden and contained farm and farmer descriptions from which the typologies were derived. Herd health plans was agreed for each farm, via a participatory approach involving the farmers, their veterinarians and other advisors (e.g. dairy advisors) by the use of an impact matrix. The MCA yielded two principal component axes explaining 51.3% of variance. Three farm groups were identified by ARC using the factor scores derived from the MCA. Cluster 1, the most numerous group (56.7% of the sample), had medium herd sizes with moderate use of pasture and moderate intensity of input use. Cluster 2, representing 17.7% of the sample, were the most extensive system and mainly of very small farm size. Cluster 3 (25.5% of the sample and only found in Sweden), had an intensive management approach, but relatively low stocking rate. The analysis also showed that organic dairy farms adopted differentiated strategies towards economic assets and animal health status, according to group membership. The typology therefore provides insights into the potential for advisory strategies relating to husbandry practices, different housing, pasture management and intensity, etc. adapted to different groups of farms. Regarding herd health plan implementation, Cluster 1 was the group with most implemented actions and Cluster 2 with lowest rate of implemented actions. These results may be used as background for directing (tailored) advice strategies, i.e. different types of organic dairy farms (clusters) may require different types of advisory services and recommendations adapted to the specific farm situation in order to deliver future improvements in animal health.
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35.
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36.
  • Boldrup, Linda, et al. (författare)
  • Expression of p63, COX-2, EGFR and beta-catenin in smokers and patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck reveal variations in non-neoplastic tissue and no obvious changes in smokers.
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Oncology. - 1019-6439 .- 1791-2423. ; 27:6, s. 1661-1667
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN), the 6th most common malignancy in the world, is associated with smoking and has a low 5-year survival rate. Various changes have been described at different stages of SCCHN tumour development, including overexpression of p63, a protein important for development of normal epidermal structures. p63 has been suggested to activate beta-catenin, and nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin is an important event in many cancers. Elevated COX-2 activity and overexpression of EGFR protein has been shown in a variety of human cancers, including SCCHN. An important question for the pathogenesis of SCCHN is when the genetic changes take place during the natural course of the disease, and whether they appear in clinically normal oral mucosa to predispose tumour development. We mapped the expression of p63, COX-2, EGFR, beta-catenin, and PP2A in oral mucosa from smokers/non-smokers and from patients with SCCHN. We also considered if changes occurring in tumours are present in the clinically normal tissue adjacent to the tumour. No direct influence of heavy smoking on the levels of the proteins studied could be seen. Tumours and clinically normal non-neoplastic tissue from SCCHN patients showed increased expression of COX-2 and PP2A. Interestingly, non-neoplastic tissue adjacent to SCCHN also showed increased beta-catenin, although this was not seen in tumours. The data support the notion that pre-existing alterations in clinically normal epithelium exist in patients with SCCHN and could be important for the pathogenesis of the disease and for local recurrences.
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37.
  • Brandhagen, Martin, 1984, et al. (författare)
  • Alcohol and macronutrient intake patterns are related to general and central adiposity.
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: European journal of clinical nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5640 .- 0954-3007. ; 66, s. 305-313
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background/Objectives:Alcohol and dietary fat have high energy densities and may therefore be related to body weight and fat deposition. We studied associations between alcohol and macronutrient intake patterns and general and central adiposity.Subjects/Methods:A population-based cross-sectional study of 524 men and 611 women. The participants answered a dietary questionnaire describing habitual food consumption including intake of alcoholic beverages. Macronutrient intake was analysed in relation to anthropometric measures and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry determined body fat.Results:In women, total alcohol intake was negatively associated with body fat percentage (β:-0.67, P<0.01). In men, total alcohol intake was positively associated with sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) (β: 0.28, P=0.01). In addition, positive associations were found between intake of alcohol from spirits and body fat percentage (β: 1.17, P<0.05), SAD (β: 0.52, P<0.05) and waist circumference (β: 2.29, P=0.01). In men, protein intake was positively associated with body mass index (BMI) (β: 0.03, P=0.001), body fat percentage (β: 0.04, P<0.05), SAD (β: 0.02, P=0.01) and waist circumference (β: 0.09, P<0.01). Also in men only, negative associations between fat intake and BMI (β: -0.03, P<0.01), SAD (β: -0.02, P<0.05) and waist circumference (β: -0.05, P<0.05) were found.Conclusions:Alcohol intake was inversely associated to relative body fat in women whereas spirits consumption was positively related to central and general obesity in men. Macronutrient intakes, particularly protein and fat, were differently associated with obesity indicators in men versus women. This may reflect a differential effect by gender, or differential obesity related reporting errors in men and women.European Journal of Clinical Nutrition advance online publication, 16 November 2011; doi:10.1038/ejcn.2011.189.
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38.
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39.
  • Browall, Sarah, et al. (författare)
  • Clinical manifestations of invasive pneumococcal disease by vaccine and non-vaccine types
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - : European Respiratory Society. - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 44:6, s. 1646-1657
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Pneumococcal conjugated vaccines (PCVs) have shown protection against invasive pneumococcal disease by vaccine serotypes, but an increase in non-vaccine serotype disease has been observed. Type-specific effects on clinical manifestation need to be explored.Clinical data from 2096 adults and 192 children with invasive pneumococcal disease were correlated to pneumococcal molecular serotypes. Invasive disease potential for pneumococcal serotypes were calculated using 165 invasive and 550 carriage isolates from children.The invasive disease potential was lower for non-PCV13 compared to vaccine-type strains. Patients infected with non-PCV13 strains had more underlying diseases, were less likely to have pneumonia and, in adults, tended to have a higher mortality. Furthermore, patients infected with pneumococci belonging to clonal serotypes only expressing non-PCV13 capsules had a higher risk for septicaemia and mortality.PCV vaccination will probably lead to a decrease in invasive pneumococcal disease but an alteration in the clinical manifestation of invasive pneumococcal disease. Genetic lineages causing invasive pneumococcal disease in adults often express non-vaccine serotypes, which can expand after vaccination with an increased risk of infection in patients with underlying diseases.
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40.
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41.
  • Burza, Maria Antonella, 1980, et al. (författare)
  • Long-Term Effect of Bariatric Surgery on Liver Enzymes in the Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) Study
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:3
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background and Aim: Obesity is associated with elevated serum transaminase levels and non- Methods: The Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study is a prospective controlled intervention study Results: Compared to usual care, bariatric surgery was associated with lower serum ALT and AST levels Conclusions: Bariatric surgery results in a sustained reduction in transaminase levels and a long-term
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42.
  • Danielsson, Karin, et al. (författare)
  • Epstein-Barr virus is not detected in mucosal lichen planus
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Medicina Oral. - : Medicina Oral. - 1698-4447 .- 1698-6946. ; 23:5, s. e560-e563
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic inflammatory, immunological, mucocutaneous disease can affect skin, genital and oral mucosa. Oral lichen planus (OLP) is the most common noninfectious, chronic inflammatory oral disease affecting 1-2% of the general adult population. World Health Organization (WHO) classifies OLP as a potentially malignant disorder. Epstein Barr virus or human herpesvirus-4, is a member of the herpes virus family and one of the most ubiquitous viruses known to human, infecting approximately 90% of the world's adult population. The virus often infects B lymphocytes resulting in a wide spectrum of mucocutaneous and systemic diseases, ranging from mild lesions to aggressive malignancies. The aim of this study was to investigate expression of the EBV encoded RNAs EBER1 and EBER2 in oral and genital lichen planus and compare results with normal tissues in situ hybridization which is considered the golden standard for detection of EBER.MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 68 biopsies, 25 oral LP, 26 genital LP, 10 oral controls and finally 7 genital controls were analysed using situ hybridization.RESULT: All samples had RNA as shown by the control slide, whereas no case contained neither EBER1 nor EBER2.CONCLUSIONS: Based on results from our study EBV is not involved in aetiology of lichen planus.
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43.
  • Ebrahimi, Majid, 1963-, et al. (författare)
  • Decreased expression of p63 in oral lichen planus and graft-vs.-host disease associated with oral inflammation.
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0904-2512 .- 1600-0714. ; 35:1, s. 46-50
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Oral lichen planus (OLP) and graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD) are conditions with increased risk of malignant transformation to squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). The p63 gene encodes six different proteins and is expressed at high levels in SCCHN. METHODS: Biopsies from patients diagnosed with OLP and GVHD were analysed for p63 protein expression using antibodies distinguishing between the major isoforms expressed in normal epithelia, in parallel with biopsies from normal buccal mucosa and SCCHN. RESULTS: In OLP and GVHD a decreased expression of all p63 isoforms was seen, while expression of p53 protein was upregulated, compared with normal mucosa. In SCCHN, p63 was abundantly expressed and some tumours showed strong p53 staining, suggestive of p53 mutation. CONCLUSIONS: Decreased p63 and increased p53 expression in OLP and GVHD indicates a coordinated action of these two related proteins to protect the oral mucosae from the damaging effects of underlying inflammation. In SCCHN disruption of the TP53 gene and overrepresentation of certain p63 isoforms
  •  
44.
  • Emanuelson, Ulf, et al. (författare)
  • Biosecurity and animal disease management in organic and conventional Swedish dairy herds: a questionnaire study
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-605X .- 1751-0147. ; 60
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Good animal health is a notion that is germane to organic dairy production, and it is expected that such herds would pay significant attention on the health of their animals. However, it is not known if the applied animal disease management is actually more adequate in organic dairy cattle herds than in conventional dairy herds. A questionnaire study on biosecurity and animal disease management activities was therefore conducted among Swedish farmers with organic and conventional dairy cattle herds.Results: A total of 192 useable questionnaires were returned; response rates of 30.3 and 20.2% for organic and conventional farmers, respectively. Herd characteristics of the two herd types were very similar, except that pipeline/tie-stall systems were less common in organic farms and that organic farmers had a higher education level than their conventional counterparts. Also, very few systematic differences in general or specific disease management activities were observed between the two types of farms. The main exceptions being how milk from cows during antibiotic treatment was used, views on policy actions in relation to antibiotic use, and attitudes towards calling for veterinary support. Using milk from cows during antibiotic treatment was more common in conventional herds, although it was mainly given to bull calves. Farmers of organic herds were more positive to policy actions to reduce the use and need for antibiotics, and they reported waiting longer before contacting a veterinarian for calves with diarrhoea and cows with subclinical mastitis.Conclusions: The stated biosecurity and animal disease management was relatively equal in Swedish organic and conventional dairy herds. Our results thus indicate that animal health is as important in conventionally managed dairy herds in Sweden as in organically managed herds.
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45.
  • Emanuelson, Ulf, et al. (författare)
  • Capturing systemic interrelationships by an impact analysis to help reduce production diseases in dairy farms.
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Agricultural Systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 0308-521X .- 1873-2267. ; 153, s. 43-52
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Production diseases, such as metabolic and reproductive disorders, mastitis, and lameness, emerge from complex interactions between numerous factors (or variables) but can be controlled by the right management decisions. Since animal husbandry systems in practice are very diverse, it is difficult to identify the most influential components in the individual farm context. However, it is necessary to do this to control disease, since farmers are severely limited in their access to resources, and need to invest in management measures most likely to have an effect. In this study, systemic impact analyses were conducted on 192 organic dairy farms in France, Germany, Spain, and Sweden in the context of reducing the prevalence of production diseases. The impact analyses were designed to evaluate the interrelationships between farm variables and determine the systemic roles of these variables. In particular, the aim was to identify the most influential variables on each farm. The impact analysis consisted of a stepwise process: (i) in a participatory process 13 relevant system variables affecting the emergence of production diseases on organic dairy farms were defined; (ii) the interrelationships between these variables were evaluated by means of an impact matrix on the farm-level, involving the perspectives of the farmer, an advisor and the farm veterinarian; and (iii) the results were then used to identify general system behaviour and to classify variables by their level of influence on other system variables and their susceptibility to influence. Variables were either active (high influence, low susceptibility), reactive (low influence, high susceptibility), critical (both high), or buffering (both low). An overall active tendency was found for feeding regime, housing conditions, herd health monitoring, and knowledge and skills, while milk performance and financial resources tended to be reactive. Production diseases and labour capacity had a tendency for being critical while reproduction management, dry cow management, calf and heifer management, hygiene and treatment tended to have a buffering capacity. While generalised tendencies for variables emerged, the specific role of variables could vary widely between farms. The strength of this participatory impact assessment approach is its ability, through filling in the matrix and discussion of the output between farmer, advisor and veterinarian, to explicitly identify deviations from general expectations, thereby supporting a farm-specific selection of health management strategies and measures. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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46.
  • Engblom, Charlotte, 1969-, et al. (författare)
  • Nyanländas lärande och språkutvecklande arbetssätt : Rapport från en forskningscirkel
  • 2018
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • I denna rapport beskrivs processen i och resultatet av en forskningscirkel om nyanländas lärande och språkutvecklande arbetssätt. En utgångspunkt har varit begreppet stöttning - lärarens/pedagogens funktion som en sorts ”byggnadsställning” i elevens lärande. Det eleven inte klarar av på egen hand kan genomföras med rätt stöd - och i takt med att eleven utvecklas kan byggnadsställningen monteras ned. Stöttning har också varit en central aspekt i de fyra mindre projekt som deltagarna genomfört inom forskningscirkelns ramar.Forskningscirkeln har bedrivits inom Forum för samverkan på Uppsala universitet. Det är ett samarbete mellan universitetet och åtta kommuner i regionen: Enköping, Heby, Håbo, Knivsta, Sigtuna, Tierp, Uppsala och Östhammar. Forum för samverkans syfte är att bidra till ett ömsesidigt berikande kunskapsutbyte mellan förskola/skola/skolhuvudman och Uppsala universitet (www.forumforsamverkan.uu.se).
  •  
47.
  • Essner, Ann, et al. (författare)
  • Comparison of Polar® RS800CX heart rate monitor and electrocardiogram for measuring inter-beat intervals in healthy dogs
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Physiology and Behavior. - : Elsevier. - 0031-9384 .- 1873-507X. ; 138:January, s. 247-253
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim of the present study was to assess the criterion validity, relative reliability and level of agreement ofPolar® RS800CX heart rate monitor measuring inter-beat intervals (IBIs), compared to simultaneously recordedelectrocardiogram (ECG) in dogs.Methods: Five continuous minutes of simultaneously recorded IBIs from Polar® RS800CX and Cardiostore ECG in11 adult healthy dogs maintaining standing position were analyzed. Polar® data was statistically compared toECG data to assess for systematic differences between the methods. Three different methods for handling missingIBI data were used. Criterion validities were calculated by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and corresponding95% confidence intervals (CIs). Relative reliabilities and levels of agreement were calculated by ICCsand the Bland and Altman analysis for repeated measurements per subject.Results: Correlation coefficients between IBI data from ECG and Polar® RS800CX varied between 0.73 and 0.84depending on how missing values were handled. Polar® was over- and underestimating IBI data compared toECG. The mean difference in log transformed (base10) IBI data was 0.8%, and 93.2% of the values were withinthe limits of agreement. Internally excluding three subjects presenting IBI series containing more than 5% erroneousIBIs resulted in ICCs between 0.97 and 0.99. Bland and Altman analysis (n = 8) showed mean differencewas 1.8 ms, and 98.5% of the IBI values were plotted inside limits of agreement.Conclusion: This study showed that Polar® systematically biased recorded IBI series and that it was fundamentalto detect measurement errors. For Polar® RS800CX heart rate monitor to be used interchangeably to ECG, byshowing excellent criterion validity and reliable IBI measures in group and individual samples, only less than5% of artifacts could be accepted.
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48.
  • Essner, Ann, Medicine Doktor, PhD, et al. (författare)
  • Investigating the Probability of Response Bias in Owner-Perceived Pain Assessment in Dogs With Osteoarthritis
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Topics in Companion Animal Medicine. - : Elsevier. - 1938-9736 .- 1946-9837. ; 39
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Owners’ ability to recognize signs of chronic pain in dogs undergoing pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic pain interventions during a period of physical rehabilitation is not known. This study aimed to compare dogs with and without chronic pain, and to assess the relationship between explanatory factors, including the probability of owners’ response bias induced by pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic pain intervention, and chronic pain in dogs with osteoarthritis (OA). Seventy-one dogs with OA were included in this observational study. Owner-perceived pain interference was measured by Canine Brief Pain Inventory (CBPI) and owner-perceived pain behavior was assessed using Helsinki Chronic Pain Index. A dichotomous variable of Helsinki Chronic Pain Index was used in regression analysis to investigate the association between chronic pain and explanatory factors (body condition, anti-inflammatory medication, animal physiotherapy consultation once or more and owners’ perception of pain interfering). Seventy-five percent of the dogs had ongoing anti-inflammatory medication, 51% of were overweight and 45% had a physiotherapy consultation. Higher levels of overt pain behaviors were reported in items addressing activities. Body condition, physiotherapy consultation and medication were not associated with chronic pain. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals of OR for the CBPI were 1.74 (1.23-2.47) and significantly associated with chronic pain. The adjusted OR of the CBPI did not differ from the crude OR. Owner-perceived pain behavior was not confounded by the dogs’ medication. Results indicated that CBPI was not mediated by the medication. The CBPI pain interference score was not associated with response bias and may be used as clinical outcome measure of chronic pain and pain-related disability in dogs with OA along a period of physical rehabilitation comprising pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic pain interventions.
  •  
49.
  • Essner, Ann, 1971- (författare)
  • On assessment methods related to pain in dogs with osteoarthritis
  • 2018
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • There is a need of valid and reliable assessment methods that are clinically applicable in canine rehabilitation practice. The aim of this thesis was to psychometrically evaluate measurement properties in assessment methods related to pain in naturally occurring canine osteoarthritis. Assessment methods developed for heart rate variability analysis, i.e. Polar heart rate monitor, and owner-reported perceptions of pain severity and pain interference with functionality, i.e. Canine Brief Pain Inventory, were tested.Methods: Four observational studies were conducted. Study I was a cross-sectional study consisting of two groups of consecutively recruited dogs. The Canine Brief Pain Inventory was administered to owners of dogs with naturally occurring osteoarthritis (n=61) and clinically sound dogs (n=21). Study II was a descriptive and correlative cross-sectional study based on the same sample of dogs with osteoarthritis (n=71), assessing chronic pain behavior and associations between explanatory variables and chronic pain behavior. Study III and IV were correlative studies, assessing Polar heart rate monitor measuring interbeat intervals and time- and frequency-based heart rate variability parameters, compared to simultaneously recorded electrocardiogram in dogs (n=11).Results: High internal consistencies and ability to discriminate sound dogs from osteoarthritis dogs were found. The hypothesis of the presented two-factor structure of the Canine Brief Pain Inventory was rejected. Owners reported higher proportions of chronic pain behavior in items targeting physical activities, e.g. getting up, moving after rest and moving after major exercise. A minor proportion of dogs with osteoarthritis showed no owner-perceived behavioural signs of chronic pain. Owner observations were not associated with ongoing antiinflammatory medications. In Study III and IV, 595 errors (12.3%) were identified in Polar data. The number of errors were unequally distributed among the dogs. Interbeat intervals and heart rate variability parameters from electrocardiogram and Polar were strongly associated. Standard error of measurements were high among some heart rate variability parameters in Polar and electrocardiogram.In conclusion, this thesis contributes to our knowledge about assessment methods related to diverse components of pain in dogs with osteoarthritis, allowing improved pain management in clinical practice.
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