| 1. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
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| 2. |
- Almon, Ricardo, et al.
(författare)
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Body fat and dairy product intake in lactase persistent and non-persistent children and adolescents
- 2010
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Ingår i: Food & Nutrition Research. - Järfälla, Sweden : Co-action Publishing. - 1654-6628 .- 1654-661X. ; 54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Lactase non-persistent (LNP) individuals may be lactose intolerant and therefore on a more restricted diet concerning milk and milk products compared to lactase persistent (LP) individuals. This may have an impact on body fat mass.Objective This study examines if LP and LNP children and adolescents, defined by genotyping for the LCT-13910 C > T polymorphism, differ from each other with regard to milk and milk product intake, and measures of body fat mass.Design: Children (n=298, mean age 9.6 years) and adolescents (n=386, mean age 15.6 years), belonging to the Swedish part of the European Youth Heart Study, were genotyped for the LCT-13910 C > T polymorphism. Dietary intakes of reduced and full-fat dairy varieties were determined.Results: LNP (CC genotype) subjects consumed less milk, soured milk and yoghurt compared to LP (CT/TT genotype) subjects (p<0.001). Subsequent partitioning for age group attenuated this observation (p=0.002 for children and p=0.023 in adolescents). Six subjects were reported by parents to be 'lactose intolerant', none of whom were LNP. LNP children and adolescents consumed significantly less reduced fat milk and milk products than LP children and adolescents (p=0.009 for children and p=0.001 for adolescents).Conclusions: We conclude that LP is linked to an overall higher milk and dairy intake, but is not linked to higher body fat mass in children and adolescents.
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| 3. |
- Almon, Ricardo, et al.
(författare)
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Lactase non-persistence as a determinant of milk avoidance and calcium intake in children and adolescents
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Nutritional Science. - : Cambridge University Press. - 2048-6790. ; 2:e26, s. 1-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examines if lactase non-persistent (LNP) children and adolescents differ from those who are lactase persistent (LP) as regards milk avoidance and Ca intake. We also studied potential differences in anthropometric features related to obesity, and examined if milk avoidance is associated with lactasepersistence status. Additionally, we aimed to determine if heterozygous subjects showed an intermediary phenotype as regards Ca intake. Furthermore, we tested if LP and LNP influence vitamin D intake. The European Youth Heart Study is an ongoing international, multi-centre cohort study primarily designed to address CVD risk factors. Children (n 298, mean age 9·6 years) and adolescents (n 386, mean age 15·6 years) belonging to the Swedish part of the European Youth Heart Study were genotyped for the LCT-13910 C > T polymorphism. Mendelian randomisation was used. Milk avoidance was significantly more common in LNP adolescents (OR 3·2; 95% CI 1·5, 7·3). LP subjects had higher milk consumption (P < 0·001). Accordingly, energy consumption derived from milk and Ca intake was lower in LNP (P < 0·05 and P < 0·001, respectively). Heterozygous subjects did not show an intermediary phenotype concerning milk consumption. LP or LNP status did not affect vitamin D intake or anthropometric variables. LNP in children and adolescents is associated with reduced intake of milk and some milk-product-related nutritional components, in particular Ca. This reduced intake did not affect the studied anthropometric variables, indicators of body fat or estimated vitamin D intake. However, independently of genotype, age and sex, daily vitamin D intake was below the recommended intakes. Milk avoidance among adolescents but not children was associated with LNP.
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| 4. |
- Almon, Ricardo, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Lactase persistence and milk consumption are associated with body height in Swedish preadolescents and adolescents
- 2011
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Ingår i: Food & Nutrition Research. - : CoAction Publishing. - 1654-6628 .- 1654-661X. ; 55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Body height is a classic polygenic trait. About 80%-90% of height is inherited and 10%-20% owed to environmental factors, of which the most important ones are nutrition and diseases in preadolescents and adolescents.Objective: The aim of this study was to explore potential relations between the LCT (lactase) C > T-13910 polymorphism, milk consumption, and body height in a sample of Swedish preadolescents and adolescents.Design: In a cross-sectional study, using a random sample of preadolescents and adolescents (n = 597), dietary intakes were determined. Anthropometric measurements including sexual maturity (Tanner stage) and birth weight were assessed. Parental body height and socio-economic status (SES) were obtained by questionnaires. Genotyping for the LCT C > T-13910 polymorphism that renders individuals lactase persistent (LP) or lactase non-persistent (LNP) was performed by DNA sequencing. Stepwise backward multivariate linear regression was used.Results: Milk consumption was significantly and positively associated with body height (beta =0.45; 95% CI: 0.040, 0.87, p =0.032). Adjustments were performed for sex, parental height, birth weight, body mass index (BMI), SES, and Tanner stage. This model explains 90% of the observed variance of body height (adjusted R-2 =0.89). The presence of the -13910 T allele was positively associated with body height (beta = 2.05; 95% CI: 0.18, 3.92, p =0.032).Conclusions: Milk consumption is positively associated with body height in preadolescents and adolescents. We show for the first time that a nutrigenetic variant might be able to explain in part phenotypic variation of body height in preadolescents and adolescents. Due to the small sample size further studies are needed.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Almon, Ricardo, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence and trends in adult-type hypolactasia in different age cohorts in Central Sweden diagnosed by genotyping for the adult-type hypolactasia-linked LCT -13910C > T mutation
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - Oslo : Taylor & Francis. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 42:2, s. 165-170
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Adult-type hypolactasia (AtH) can be diagnosed by genotyping in addition to functional tests or intestinal biopsy. The aims of this study were to estimate the prevalence of AtH by genotyping and to investigate whether AtH prevalence has changed in Sweden during the 20th century. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Schoolchildren (n=690) born in 1983 and 1989, and elderly individuals (n=392) born between 1920 and 1932 were genotyped for AtH using Pyrosequencing technology. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of AtH among children was 14.1%. The majority of children (92%, n=635) were Caucasians with genotype prevalences: CC, 61 (10%); CT, 259 (41%); TT, 307 (49%). The frequency of the mutated allele q was 0.300 in this cohort. The prevalence of AtH estimated from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) (q 2), was 9.0% (95% CI: 6.7-11.2%). Eight percent (n=55) of the children were non-Caucasian; genotype prevalences were CC, 36 (66%); CT, 15 (27%); TT, 4 (7%). The prevalence of AtH in these children estimated from HWE was 62.5% (95% CI: 49.7-75.3%). The elderly subjects were all Caucasians. Their genotype prevalences were: CC, 20 (5%); CT, 166 (42%); TT, 206 (53%); the frequency of the mutated allele q was 0.262 and their AtH prevalence estimated from HWE was 6.8% (95% CI: 4.3-9.2%). CONCLUSIONS: The overall prevalence of AtH in children (14%) was higher than previously thought. Among Caucasians, higher figures were seen in children than in the elderly (9% versus 6.8%). The prevalence thus seems to be increasing and this may be due to the immigration of both non-Caucasian and Caucasian groups with a higher prevalence of AtH.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Per M, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison between physicochemical and calculated molecular descriptors
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemometrics: Special Issue: Proceedings of the SSC6, August 1999, HiT/TF, Norway . Issue Edited by Kim Esbensen. ; 14:5-6, s. 629-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has earlier been proven that measured physicochemical properties are useful in the selection of building blocks for combinatorial chemistry as well as for investigation of the scope and limitations of organic reactions. However, measured physicochemical properties are only available for small subsets of reagents, starting materials or building blocks; therefore it is necessary to use calculated descriptors and it is essential that the descriptors are relevant. The objective was to investigate whether three different descriptor data sets contained similar information about the chemical structure, with the major aim to investigate whether calculated descriptors contain similar information as experimental data. A total of 205 heterogeneous primary amines were characterized using three different data sets of molecular descriptor variables. The first set consisted of four physicochemical variables compiled from the literature and commercially available chemicals in chemical catalogues. From these four descriptors together with molecular weight, three additional descriptors could be calculated, resulting in a total of eight descriptor variables in the first data set. The second data set consisted of 81 calculated molecular descriptor variables relating to size, connectivity, atom count, topology and electrotopology indices. The third data set consisted of 10 semi-empirical variables (AM1). All the calculated variables were generated using the software Tsar 3.11. The descriptor variable sets were compared using principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares projections to latent structures (PLS). The following result shows that the different descriptor sets do contain similar latent information and that the different types of calculated variables do correlate well with the experimental data, making them suitable to use for e.g. combinatorial library design.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Per M, et al.
(författare)
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Strategies for subset selection of parts of an in-house chemical library
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemometrics. - : Wiley. - 0886-9383. ; 15:4, s. 353-69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When a company decides to perform biological testing of their in-house library, i.e. compounds which have been synthesized or purchased over the years, it is usually not feasible or desirable to test all of them using e.g. high-throughput screening (HTS). The limitation is the usually high number of compounds to test (104-106) leading to practical limitations and high costs in terms of both material costs and disposal considerations. Therefore it is often desirable to make a selection of which compounds to include in the biological testing. A challenge is how to make this selection in order to cover the structural space of the in-house library as well as possible. Here we present and discuss different selection strategies based mainly on statistical molecular design (SMD). These methods require different prior information about the compounds under investigation, e.g. characterization of the chemical structure, affinity/biological activity data or neither of these. Which method to be used is largely problem-dependent, i.e. the composition and origin of the library, and hence the structural space, are of great importance. Chemical and biological knowledge about the system under investigation should as far as possible be considered when making the final decision on which method to apply.
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| 9. |
- Börjel, Anna K., et al.
(författare)
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Novel mutations in the 5'-UTR of the FOLR1 gene
- 2006
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Ingår i: Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. - 1434-6621 .- 1437-4331. ; 44:2, s. 161-167
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have previously reported two novel mutations in the 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of the gene for folate receptor-alpha (FOLR1). In our search for additional mutations, 92 patient samples with elevated levels of homocysteine were screened by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) between nt -425 and -782, and -712 and -1110. Between nt -425 and -782 we did not find any mutations. Between nt -712 and -1110 there were three novel mutations. One subject had two mutations very close to each other, c.-856C>T and c.-921T>C. Two subjects had a c.-1043G>A mutation. To get an idea of the prevalence of FOLR1 mutations in an unselected population, we also screened 692 healthy school children for mutations. In this cohort, between nt -188 and +272 we discovered one novel mutation, a single nucleotide substitution, c.-18C>T, in addition to five children with the 25-bp deletion mutation previously described by us. Thus, so far we have discovered six novel mutations in the 5'-UTR region of the gene for folate receptor-alpha. We genotyped all 17 subjects with a FOLR1 mutation for the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C>T polymorphism, and developed new single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping protocols for MTHFR 1298A>C and 1793G>A utilising Pyrosequencing technology. None of the 17 subjects had the 677TT genotype, which ruled out this as a cause of elevated homocysteine levels, which was observed in some of the subjects. Further studies of mutations in the 5'-UTR of FOLR1, and in particular of their interplay with folate intake status, are warranted.
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| 10. |
- Böttiger, Anna K., 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Association of total plasma homocysteine with methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase genotypes 677C > T, 1298A > C, and 1793G > A and the corresponding haplotypes in Swedish children and adolescents
- 2007
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Ingår i: International Journal of Molecular Medicine. - Athens, Greece : D.A. Spandidos. - 1107-3756 .- 1791-244X. ; 19:4, s. 659-665
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We studied 692 Swedish children and adolescents (aged 9-10 or 15-16 years, respectively), in order to evaluate the effect of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C > T, 1298A > C, and 1793G > A polymorphisms on total plasma homocysteine concentrations (tHcy). Genotyping was performed with Pyrosequencing (TM) technology. The MTHFR 677C > T polymorphism was associated with increased tHcy concentrations in both the children and the adolescents (P < 0.001 for both age groups) in both genders. The effect of MTHFR 1298A > C was studied separately in subjects with the 677CC and 677CT genotypes, and the 1298C allele was found to be associated with higher tHcy levels both when children were stratified according to 677C > T genotypes, and when using haplotype analyses and diplotype reconstructions. The 1793A allele was in complete linkage disequilibrium with the 1298C allele. It was still possible to show that the 1793A allele was associated with lower tHcy levels, statistically significant in the adolescents. In conclusion, a haplotype-based approach was slightly superior in explaining the genetic interaction on tHcy plasma levels in children and adolescents than a simple genotype based approach (R-2 adj 0.44 vs. 0.40). The major genetic impact on tHcy concentrations is attributable to the MTHFR 677C > T polymorphism. The common 1298A > C polymorphism had a minor elevating effect on tHcy, whereas the 1793G > A polymorphism had a lowering effect on tHcy.
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| 11. |
- Gabrielsson, Jon, 1973-
(författare)
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Multivariate methods in tablet formulation
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis describes the application of multivariate methods in a novel approach to the formulation of tablets for direct compression. It begins with a brief historical review, followed by a basic introduction to key aspects of tablet formulation and multivariate data analysis. The bulk of the thesis is concerned with the novel approach, in which excipients were characterised in terms of multiple physical or (in most cases) spectral variables. By applying Principal Component Analysis (PCA) the descriptive variables are summarized into a few latent variables, usually termed scores or principal properties (PP’s). In this way the number of descriptive variables is dramatically reduced and the excipients are described by orthogonal continuous variables. This means that the PP’s can be used as ordinary variables in a statistical experimental design. The combination of latent variables and experimental design is termed multivariate design or experimental design in PP’s. Using multivariate design many excipients can be included in screening experiments with relatively few experiments. The outcome of experiments designed to evaluate the effects of differences in excipient composition of formulations for direct compression is, of course, tablets with various properties. Once these properties, e.g. disintegration time and tensile strength, have been determined with standardised tests, quantitative relationships between descriptive variables and tablet properties can be established using Partial Least Squares Projections to Latent Structures (PLS) analysis. The obtained models can then be used for different purposes, depending on the objective of the research, such as evaluating the influence of the constituents of the formulation or optimisation of a certain tablet property. Several examples of applications of the described methods are presented. Except in the first study, in which the feasibility of this approach was first tested, the disintegration time of the tablets has been studied more carefully than other responses. Additional experiments have been performed in order to obtain a specific disintegration time. Studies of mixtures of excipients with the same primary function have also been performed to obtain certain PP’s. Such mixture experiments also provide a straightforward approach to additional experiments where an interesting area of the PP space can be studied in more detail. The robustness of a formulation with respect to normal batch-to-batch variability has also been studied. The presented approach to tablet formulation offers several interesting alternatives, for both planning and evaluating experiments.
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| 12. |
- Gabrielsson, Jon, et al.
(författare)
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Multivariate methods in the development of a new tablet formulation : optimization and validation
- 2004
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Ingår i: Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy. - New York : M. Dekker. - 0363-9045 .- 1520-5762. ; 30:10, s. 1037-1049
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a previous study of the development of a tablet formulation approximately 100 excipients were characterized in screening experiments using multivariate design. Acceptable values for important responses were obtained with some of the formulations. The relationships between the properties of the excipients and the responses were evaluated using PLS. In this study additional experiments were performed in order to validate models obtained from the screening study and to find a formulation of suitable composition with desired tablet properties. A formulation with the desired disintegration time was found with the additional experiments and the agreement between observed and predicted values was fair for the tablets that did disintegrate. A limitation of this study was that tablets from four experiments did not disintegrate within the set time limit. The lack of agreement between observed and predicted values of these four experiments was probably due to the nature of one of the factors in the design. Considering the reduced experimental design the results are still encouraging.
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| 13. |
- Gabrielsson, Jon, et al.
(författare)
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Multivariate Methods in the Development of a New Tablet Formulation : Excipient Mixtures and Principal Properties
- 2006
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Ingår i: Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy. - New York : M. Dekker. - 0363-9045 .- 1520-5762. ; 32:1, s. 7-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A tablet formulation for direct compression has previously been studied using multivariate design. An optimization study of one of the most important tablet properties, disintegration time, revealed that excipients with Principal Properties (PP's) that were predicted as suitable by the model were not represented within the studied material.The feasibility of using mixtures of excipients in the multivariate approach to tablet formulation to solve this problem has been investigated in the present study. By mixing different excipients of the same excipient class, it should be possible to obtain mixtures with the predicted PP's, which in turn should give a formulation with the desired properties. In order to investigate the utility of this approach, separate mixture designs were applied to both binders and fillers (diluents).As reported here, the Partial Least Squares Projections to Latent Structures (PLS) model developed in the previously published screening study has been validated in the sense that the interesting region of the PP space identified in it has been shown to contain excipients, pure or mixed, that give the formulation suitable properties. Formulations with suitable properties were found with the mixture experiments. The local models also offer several alternatives for the composition of the formulation that yield the desired disintegration time.
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| 14. |
- Gabrielsson, Jon, et al.
(författare)
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Multivariate Methods in the Development of a New Tablet Formulation
- 2003
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Ingår i: Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy. - New York : Marcel Dekker. - 0363-9045 .- 1520-5762. ; 29:10, s. 1053-1075
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The overall objective of this article is to use an efficient approach to find a suitable tablet formulation for direct compression. By using traditional approaches to statistical experimental design in tablet formulation, the number of experiments quickly grows when many descriptive variables or many excipients are included. To facilitate the screening process, a multivariate design, which allows a systematical evaluation of a large number of excipients with a limited number of experiments, was implemented. Formulations with acceptable values for disintegration time and crushing strength were obtained with some of the formulations in the present study. The multivariate experimental design strategy yielded PLS models that will be used to identify a region of interest for the optimization. The strategy is general and can be applied in many different areas of pharmaceutical research and development.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Hurtig-Wennlöf, Anita, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Serum lipids, glucose and insulin levels in healthy schoolchildren aged 9 and 15 years from Central Sweden : reference values in relation to biological, social and lifestyle factors
- 2005
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5513 .- 1502-7686. ; 65:1, s. 65-76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:There is a shortage of reference values for cardiovascular risk factors such as serum lipids, glucose and insulin related to biological, social and lifestyle factors for Swedish children and adolescents. Such values are needed for planning and evaluation of public health activities, and for clinical use.DESIGN AND METHODS:Data for this cross-sectional, school-based study were collected during a school year (September to May). A random sample of 1137 girls and boys aged 9 and 15 years from two locations in central Sweden participated in the study, and blood samples were taken from 969 of them.METHODS:Fasting serum blood samples were analysed for triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose and insulin. Physical examination included measurement of height, weight and pubertal status. Questionnaires provided family background data. Total physical activity was measured by accelerometer registration.RESULTS:Serum levels differed significantly between age and gender groups and were correlated to pubertal status. Neither genetic nor socio-economic background nor smoking status influenced the serum levels. Insulin levels were elevated in subjects with a body mass index in the highest decentile, compared with the levels in the rest of the subjects. The insulin levels were inversely associated with total physical activity, and physical activity varied with season.CONCLUSIONS:Pubertal status (biological age) should to be considered in the interpretation of serum values in schoolchildren rather than chronological age. The interpretation of insulin values should include both body mass index and physical activity level, and perhaps also season. Previously described regional differences in serum lipid levels in Swedish adults seem to be present also in children.
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| 18. |
- Kennedy, Beatrice, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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App-based COVID-19 syndromic surveillance and prediction of hospital admissions in COVID Symptom Study Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The app-based COVID Symptom Study was launched in Sweden in April 2020 to contribute to real-time COVID-19 surveillance. We enrolled 143,531 study participants (≥18 years) who contributed 10.6 million daily symptom reports between April 29, 2020 and February 10, 2021. Here, we include data from 19,161 self-reported PCR tests to create a symptom-based model to estimate the individual probability of symptomatic COVID-19, with an AUC of 0.78 (95% CI 0.74-0.83) in an external dataset. These individual probabilities are employed to estimate daily regional COVID-19 prevalence, which are in turn used together with current hospital data to predict next week COVID-19 hospital admissions. We show that this hospital prediction model demonstrates a lower median absolute percentage error (MdAPE: 25.9%) across the five most populated regions in Sweden during the first pandemic wave than a model based on case notifications (MdAPE: 30.3%). During the second wave, the error rates are similar. When we apply the same model to an English dataset, not including local COVID-19 test data, we observe MdAPEs of 22.3% and 19.0% during the first and second pandemic waves, respectively, highlighting the transferability of the prediction model.
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| 19. |
- Labayen, Idoia, et al.
(författare)
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Association of common variants of UCP2 gene with low-grade inflammation in Swedish children and adolescents : the European Youth Heart Study
- 2009
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Ingår i: Pediatric Research. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0031-3998 .- 1530-0447. ; 66:3, s. 350-354
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examined the associations of two functional variants 866G>A and DEL/INS polymorphisms of UCP2 gene with low-grade inflammatory proteins (C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, complement C3 [C3], and complement C4 [C4]) in 131 children (52.7% boys, aged 9.5 +/- 0.4 y) and 118 adolescents (44.1% males, aged 15.5 +/- 0.4 y) selected from the European Youth Heart Study. Differences in inflammatory markers among the genotype variants of the two UCP2 gene polymorphisms were analyzed after adjusting for sex, age, pubertal stage, fitness, and fatness. The results showed that fibrinogen, C3, and C4 were higher in GG carriers than in subjects carrying the A allele of the 866G>A polymorphism of the UCP2 gene (UCP2 -866G>A) polymorphism (all p < 0.05). The DEL/DEL genotype of 45nt deletion/insertion variant polymorphism of the UCP2 gene (UCP2 DEL/INS) was associated with higher C3 (p < 0.05) than DEL/INS and INS/INS genotypes. This study provides evidence of a role of UCP2 -866G>A in modifying low-grade inflammatory state in apparently healthy children and adolescents. Given the implication of complement factors on atherosclerosis process, these results contribute to explain the reduced cardiovascular risk associated with the A allele of the UCP2 -866G>A polymorphism.
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| 20. |
- Labayen, Idoia, et al.
(författare)
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Cardiorespiratory fitness modifies the association between the UCP3-55C>T (rs1800849) polymorphism and plasma homocysteine in Swedish youth
- 2010
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Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9150 .- 1879-1484. ; 210:1, s. 183-187
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Whether the polymorphisms in the UCP3 gene have an influence on plasma homocysteine levels during youth is not known, and to elucidate the putative modifying role of fitness is also of clinical interest. We analysed the association between polymorphisms in the UCP3 gene and plasma homocysteine in youth and to examine whether fitness modifies this association.METHODS: The study population comprised 267 Swedish children (8-10 years) and 305 adolescents (14-16 years). Fasting total plasma homocysteine was the outcome variable. We genotyped five UCP3 polymorphisms (rs1800849, rs1800006, rs2075577, rs647126, and rs591758) and one MTHFR 677C>T (rs1801133) polymorphism. Cardiorespiratory fitness was measured with a maximal ergometer bike test.RESULTS: Youth homozygous or heterozygous for the T allele of the rs1800849 polymorphism had significantly higher levels of homocysteine than those carrying the CC genotype (8.56+/-4.72 micromol/L vs. 7.72+/-2.73 micromol/L, respectively, P=0.011) after adjusting for gender, age, pubertal status, folate and vitamin B(12) intake and MTHFR 677C>T polymorphism, whereas no association was observed for the other analysed polymorphisms. There was a significant interaction effect of fitnessxrs1800849 polymorphism (P=0.042). The effect of the rs1800849 polymorphism on homocysteine levels persisted in youth with low fitness, whereas it was abolished in those with moderate or high cardiorespiratory fitness (P>0.1).CONCLUSIONS: Cardiorespiratory fitness modifies the association between the rs1800849 polymorphism and homocysteine so that the negative effect of the T allele does not persist in youth with moderate to high levels of fitness.
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| 21. |
- Malmgren, Linnea, et al.
(författare)
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The complexity of kidney disease and diagnosing it - Cystatin C, selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes and proteome regulation.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 293:3, s. 293-308
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Estimation of kidney function is often part of daily clinical practice, mostly done by using the endogenous GFR-markers creatinine or cystatin C. A recommendation to use both markers in parallel in 2010 has resulted in new knowledge concerning the pathophysiology of kidney disorders by identification of a new set of kidney disorders, selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes. These syndromes, connected to strong increases in mortality and morbidity, are characterised by a selective reduction in the glomerular filtration of 5-30 kDa molecules, such as cystatin C, compared to the filtration of small molecules < 1kDa dominating the glomerular filtrate e.g., water, urea, creatinine. At least two types of such disorders, shrunken or elongated pore syndrome, are possible according to the pore model for glomerular filtration. Selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes are prevalent in investigated populations, and patients with these syndromes often display normal measured GFR or creatinine-based GFR-estimates. The syndromes are characterised by proteomic changes promoting the development of atherosclerosis, indicating antibodies and specific receptor-blocking substances as possible new treatment modalities. Presently, the KDIGO guidelines for diagnosing kidney disorders do not recommend cystatin C as a general marker of kidney function and will therefore not allow the identification of a considerable number of patients with selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes. Furthermore, as cystatin C is uninfluenced by muscle mass, diet or variations in tubular secretion and cystatin C-based GFR-estimation equations do not require controversial race or sex terms, it is obvious that cystatin C should be a part of future KDIGO guidelines.
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| 22. |
- Nilsson, Torbjörn K, et al.
(författare)
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High folate intake is related to better academic achievement in Swedish adolescents
- 2011
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Ingår i: Pediatrics. - : American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). - 0031-4005 .- 1098-4275. ; 128:2, s. e358-e365
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Adolescents are vulnerable to increased plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) and to insufficient folate status. Folate status and Hcy metabolism are linked to cognitive functions, but academic achievement by adolescents has not been studied in this respect.Objective: To assess a possible link between academic achievement in adolescents and tHcy and its determinants, dietary folate intake, MTHFR 677 TT homozygosity, and socioeconomic status (SES).Subjects and Methods: A study of 386 Swedish adolescents aged 15 years in whom plasma tHcy and MTHFR 677C →T genotype were assayed. The sum of school grades in 10 core subjects obtained in the final semester of compulsory 9 years of schooling was used as outcome measure of academic achievement. Lifestyle and SES data were obtained from questionnaires.Results: Academic achievement was strongly correlated to tertiles of tHcy (negatively; P = .023) and to tertiles of folate intake (positively; P < .001). Other significant predictors were gender, smoking, and SES (proxied by school, mother's education, and father's income). When these were controlled for, tertiles of folate intake (P < .002) but not tertiles of tHcy (P = .523) or MTHFR genotype remained significantly related to academic achievement.Conclusion: Folate intake had a positive association with academic achievement in the 15-year-olds, which was not attenuated by SES or MTHFR 677 TT homozygosity. These results provide new information that points to the importance of keeping a closer watch on folate status in childhood and adolescence. They may also have direct implications for school meal provisions, school teaching programs, and information to parents.
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| 23. |
- Nilsson, Torbjörn K, et al.
(författare)
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Plasma 1-carbon metabolites and academic achievement in 15-yr-old adolescents
- 2016
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Ingår i: The FASEB Journal. - Bethesda, USA : Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. - 0892-6638 .- 1530-6860. ; 30:4, s. 1683-1688
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Academic achievement in adolescents is correlated with 1-carbon metabolism (1-CM), as folate intake is positively related and total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) negatively related to academic success. Because another 1-CM nutrient, choline is essential for fetal neurocognitive development, we hypothesized that choline and betaine could also be positively related to academic achievement in adolescents. In a sample of 15-yr-old children (n = 324), we measured plasma concentrations of homocysteine, choline, and betaine and genotyped them for 2 polymorphisms with effects on 1-CM, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C>T, rs1801133, and phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT), rs12325817 (G>C). The sum of school grades in 17 major subjects was used as an outcome measure for academic achievement. Lifestyle and family socioeconomic status (SES) data were obtained from questionnaires. Plasma choline was significantly and positively associated with academic achievement independent of SES factors (paternal education and income, maternal education and income, smoking, school) and of folate intake (P = 0.009, R-2 = 0.285). With the addition of the PEMT rs12325817 polymorphism, the association value was only marginally changed. Plasma betaine concentration, tHcy, and the MTHFR 677C>T polymorphism did not affect academic achievement in any tested model involving choline. Dietary intake of choline is marginal in many adolescents and may be a public health concern.
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| 24. |
- Ruiz, Jonatan R., et al.
(författare)
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Homocysteine levels in children and adolescents are associated with the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677C>T genotype, but not with physical activity, fitness or fatness : the European Youth Heart Study
- 2007
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Ingår i: British Journal of Nutrition. - Cambridge : Cambridge university press. - 0007-1145 .- 1475-2662. ; 97:2, s. 255-262
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To examine the associations of total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) with physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and fatness in children and adolescents, a cross-sectional study of 301 children (9–10 years old) and 379 adolescents (15–16 years old) was conducted. Physical activity was measured by accelerometry. Cardiorespiratory fitness was measured with a maximal ergometer bike test. Body fat was derived from the sum of five skinfold thicknesses. Genotyping for the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C>T polymorphism was done by DNA sequencing. Fasting tHcy level was the outcome variable. Multiple regressions were used to determine the degree to which variance in tHcy was explained by physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and body fat, after controlling for potential confounders including MTHFR 677C>T genotype. tHcy levels were neither associated with any measure of level and pattern of physical activity nor with data on cardiorespiratory fitness, or body fat, in any age group after controlling for potential confounders including MTHFR 677C>T and even when subgroups 677TT and 677CC+CT were analysed separately. Mean values of tHcy were significantly higher in the TT subgroup compared with CC and CT subgroups in children (TT 7·4 μmol/l, CC 6·3 μmol/l, CT 6·6 μmol/l, P < 0·001 and P = 0·019, respectively) and adolescents (TT 16·9 μmol/l, CC 8·3 μmol/l, CT 9·0 μmol/l, both P < 0·001). The results suggest that physical activity, fitness and body fat are not associated with tHcy levels in children and adolescents, even after controlling for presence of the MTHFR 677C>T genotype, the main influence on tHcy levels in these subjects.
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| 25. |
- Samuelsson, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of biomaterial characteristics on pelletizing properties and biofuel pellet quality
- 2009
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Ingår i: Fuel processing technology. - : Elsevier. - 0378-3820 .- 1873-7188. ; 90:9, s. 1129-1134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sawdust of conifers as a by-product from saw mills is the most commonly used biomaterial for pellet production in Sweden today. Experiences from the biofuel pellet industry indicate that different biomaterial properties influence the final pellet quality. A systematic study was conducted where five factors were varied according to a two level fractional factorial design. The factors were: tree species (Scots pine, Norway spruce); origin of growth-place (latitudes 57 and 64°N); storage time of sawdust (0 and 140 days), moisture content (9 and 12%) and steam treatment (2 and 6 kg/h). The measured responses bulk density and mechanical durability represented the pellet quality while the press current and the fines produced in the pelletizing process were measures of the pelletizing property.The results showed that low moisture content and long storage time resulted in increased bulk densities and press currents. For mechanical durability and fines, a long storage time and intermediate moisture contents were found favourable. In addition, indications were found that the reduction of fatty and resin acids during the storage also influenced the pelletizing properties and the pellet quality.
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| 26. |
- Sjöström, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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The European Youth Heart Study (EYHS)
- 2006
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Ingår i: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH. - 1101-1262. ; 16, s. 22-22
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 27. |
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