| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Alcorn, Sara R., et al.
(författare)
-
Low-Dose Image-Guided Pediatric CNS Radiation Therapy : Final Analysis From a Prospective Low-Dose Cone-Beam CT Protocol From a Multinational Pediatrics Consortium
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment. - : SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC. - 1533-0346 .- 1533-0338. ; 19
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Lower-dose cone-beam computed tomography protocols for image-guided radiotherapy may permit target localization while minimizing radiation exposure. We prospectively evaluated a lower-dose cone-beam protocol for central nervous system image-guided radiotherapy across a multinational pediatrics consortium.Methods: Seven institutions prospectively employed a lower-dose cone-beam computed tomography central nervous system protocol (weighted average dose 0.7 mGy) for patients <= 21 years. Treatment table shifts between setup with surface lasers versus cone-beam computed tomography were used to approximate setup accuracy, and vector magnitudes for these shifts were calculated. Setup group mean, interpatient, interinstitution, and random error were estimated, and clinical factors were compared by mixed linear modeling.Results: Among 96 patients, with 2179 pretreatment cone-beam computed tomography acquisitions, median age was 9 years (1-20). Setup parameters were 3.13, 3.02, 1.64, and 1.48 mm for vector magnitude group mean, interpatient, interinstitution, and random error, respectively. On multivariable analysis, there were no significant differences in mean vector magnitude by age, gender, performance status, target location, extent of resection, chemotherapy, or steroid or anesthesia use. Providers rated >99% of images as adequate or better for target localization.Conclusions: A lower-dose cone-beam computed tomography protocol demonstrated table shift vector magnitude that approximate clinical target volume/planning target volume expansions used in central nervous system radiotherapy. There were no significant clinical predictors of setup accuracy identified, supporting use of this lower-dose cone-beam computed tomography protocol across a diverse pediatric population with brain tumors.
|
|
| 3. |
- Andersson, Margareta, et al.
(författare)
-
Intervju med Karin Eriksson från Bräcke
- 1979
-
Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Interview with Karin Eriksson from Bräcke, aged 67. The interview was conducted by the SSLIS students Margareta Andersson, Sigyn Franzén, Christina Jägerback, Sonja Karlsson, Anna-Lena Sandström, Karin Sjöstrand and Christina Wallén on January 10, 1979.
|
|
| 4. |
- Behboudi, Afrouz, 1967, et al.
(författare)
-
Detailed chromosomal and radiation hybrid mapping in the proximal part of rat Chromosome 10 and gene order comparison with mouse and human.
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0938-8990 .- 1432-1777. ; 13:6, s. 302-9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The rat provides valuable and sometimes unique models of human complex diseases. To fully exploit the rat models in biomedical research, it is important to have access to detailed knowledge of the rat genome organization as well as its relation to the human genome. Rat Chromosome 10 (RNO10) harbors several important cancer-related genes. Deletions in the proximal part of RNO10 were repeatedly found in a rat model for endometrial cancer. To identify functional and positional candidate genes in the affected region, we used radiation hybrid (RH) mapping and single- and dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques to construct a detailed chromosomal map of the proximal part of RNO10. The regional localization of 14 genes, most of them cancer-related ( Grin2a, Gspt1, Crebbp, Gfer, Tsc2, Tpsb1, Il9r, Il4, Irf1, Csf2, Sparc, Tp53, Thra1, Gh1), and of five microsatellite markers ( D10Mit10, D10Rat42, D10Rat50, D10Rat72, and D10Rat165) was determined on RNO10. For a fifteenth gene, Ppm1b, which had previously been assigned to RNO10, the map position was corrected to RNO6q12-q13.
|
|
| 5. |
- Behboudi, Afrouz, 1967, et al.
(författare)
-
Evolutionary aspects of the genomic organization of rat chromosome 10.
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Cytogenetic and genome research. - : S. Karger. - 1424-8581 .- 1424-859X. ; 96:1-4, s. 52-9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using FISH and RH mapping a chromosomal map of rat chromosome 10 (RNO10) was constructed. Our mapping data were complemented by other published data and the final map was compared to maps of mouse and human chromosomes. RNO10 contained segments homologous to mouse chromosomes (MMU) 11, 16 and 17, with evolutionary breakpoints between the three segments situated in the proximal part of RNO10. Near one of these breakpoints (between MMU17 and 11) we found evidence for an inversion ancestral to the mouse that was not ancestral to the condition in the rat. Within each of the chromosome segments identified, the gene order appeared to be largely conserved. This conservation was particularly clear in the long MMU11-homologous segment. RNO10 also contained segments homologous to three human chromosomes (HSA5, 16, 17). However, within each segment of conserved synteny were signs of more extensive rearrangements. At least 13 different evolutionary breakpoints were indicated in the rat-human comparison. In contrast to what was found between rat and mouse, the rat-human evolutionary breaks were distributed along the entire length of RNO10.
|
|
| 6. |
- Brunnström, Gunilla, 2000, et al.
(författare)
-
Quality of light and quality of life - the effect of lighting adaptation among people with low vision
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Ophthal Physiol Opt. - : Wiley. - 0275-5408. ; 24, s. 274-280
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: The study has investigated the effect of lighting on the daily activities (ADL) of the visually impaired in their homes by comparison before and after light adjustments were made in the kitchen, hall and bathroom. It has also investigated the additional effects on the quality of life after providing task lighting in the living room. METHOD: A total of 56 people were consecutively recruited from those receiving lighting adaptation help by the Low Vision Clinic in Goteborg. Ten persons did not complete the study. After medical examinations, lighting standards and psychosocial factors were charted. After lighting improvements were carried out in the kitchen, hall and bathroom, the subjects were randomly divided into two groups, an intervention and a comparison group. The task lighting in the living room was also improved for those included in the intervention group. Follow-up interviews to determine ADL and quality of life were performed 6 months after lighting adaptation. RESULTS: A marked effect on quality of life of the lighting in the living room was found for the intervention group. The effect on ADL of the basic lighting adaptation in kitchen, hall and bathroom for both groups was significant for tasks carried out on the working surface in the kitchen. Other activities in the kitchen and in the bathroom tended to improve but changes were not significant. CONCLUSION: The results confirm that it is possible to increase quality of life by improving the lighting conditions.
|
|
| 7. |
- Dahlqvist, Peter, et al.
(författare)
-
Potential benefits of managed aquifer recharge MAR on the Island of Gotland, Sweden
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Water. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4441. ; 11:10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Island of Gotland (3000 km2), east of mainland Sweden, suffers from insufficient water availability each summer. Thin soils and lack of coherent reservoirs in the sedimentary bedrock lead to limited reservoir capacity. The feasibility of Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) is explored by identifying suitable areas and estimating their possible contribution to an increased water availability. MARis compared to alternative water management measures, e.g., increased groundwater abstraction, in terms of costs and water availability potential. Results from GIS analyses of infiltration areas and groundwater storage, respectively proximity to surface water sources and surface water storage were classified into three categories of MAR suitability. An area of ca 7700 ha (2.5% of Gotland) was found to have good local conditions for MAR and an area of ca 22,700 ha (7.5% of Gotland) was found to have moderate local conditions for MAR. These results reveal the MAR potential on Gotland. The water supply potential of MAR in existing well fields was estimated to be about 35% of the forecasted drinking water supply and 7% of the total water demand gap in year 2045. It is similar in costs and water supply potential to increased surface water extraction. © 2019 by the authors.
|
|
| 8. |
- Ekström, Karin, 1978, et al.
(författare)
-
Characterization of mRNA and microRNA in human mast cell-derived exosomes and their transfer to other mast cells and blood CD34 progenitor cells
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of Extracellular Vesicles (JEV). - : Wiley. - 2001-3078. ; 1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Exosomes are nanosized vesicles of endocytic origin that are released into the extracellular environment by many different cells. It has been shown that exosomes from various cellular origins contain a substantial amount of RNA (mainly mRNA and microRNA). More importantly, exosomes are capable of delivering their RNA content to target cells, which is a novel way of cell-to-cell communication. The aim of 20 this study was to evaluate whether exosomal shuttle RNA could play a role in the communication between human mast cells and between human mast cells and human CD34+progenitor cells. Methods: The mRNA and microRNA content of exosomes from a human mast cell line, HMC-1, was analysed by using microarray technology. Co-culture experiments followed by flow cytometry analysis and confocal microscopy as well as radioactive labeling experiments were performed to examine the uptake of 25 these exosomes and the shuttle of the RNA to other mast cells and CD34+ progenitor cells. Results: In this study, we show that human mast cells release RNA-containing exosomes, with the capacity to shuttle RNA between cells. Interestingly, by using microRNA microarray analysis, 116 microRNAs could be identified in the exosomes and 134 microRNAs in the donor mast cells. Furthermore, DNA microarray experiments revealed the presence of approximately 1800 mRNAs in the exosomes, which represent 15% of 30 the donor cell mRNA content. In addition, transfer experiments revealed that exosomes can shuttle RNA between human mast cells and to CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells. Conclusion: These findings suggest that exosomal shuttle RNA (esRNA) can play a role in the communication between cells, including mast cells and CD34+ progenitor cells, implying a role in cells maturation process. 35
|
|
| 9. |
- Elbe, Jörgen, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
-
Network approach to public-private organizing of destinations
- 2018
-
Ingår i: The IMP Journal. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 2059-1403 .- 0809-7259. ; 12:2, s. 313-332
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – This paper explores a type of organizing that can be found in tourist destinations that areadministratively bound to a specific geographic area in the intersection of public and private context.The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of the organizing of activities withindestinations and also to contribute theoretically and conceptually to how place dependency and public/private can be understood from an industrial marketing and purchasing (IMP) network perspective.Design/methodology/approach – The research approach has its origin in an ongoing multi-disciplinaryand longitudinal case study.Findings – By applying a network approach to the organizing of destinations, where interaction ofrelationships, resources, actors and activities play an essential role, a number of propositions have been putforth so as to provide for a better understanding of place-specific organizing, in the intersection betweenpublic and private interests.Research limitations/implications – The paper is conceptual and more empirical studies are needed totest the findings. One implication to consider in future empirical studies is the tensions between created andorganic networks that exist in public and private place partnerships.Practical implications – The paper provides insights into factors affecting destination management.Social implications – With an emphasis on a socio-political context, the opportunities and limitations thatexist between public and private sectors are discussed.Originality/value – The paper sheds light on a neglected aspect of a contemporary phenomenon where theIMP network approach could contribute to the understanding of destination marketing or managementorganization that are bound to a specific place in the intersection between the public and private context.The area of public-private organizing is a topic that may also add new aspects to the IMP community.
|
|
| 10. |
- Eldh, Maria, 1980, et al.
(författare)
-
Exosomes Communicate Protective Messages during Oxidative Stress; Possible Role of Exosomal Shuttle RNA.
- 2010
-
Ingår i: PloS one. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 5:12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exosomes are small extracellular nanovesicles of endocytic origin that mediate different signals between cells, by surface interactions and by shuttling functional RNA from one cell to another. Exosomes are released by many cells including mast cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, epithelial cells and tumour cells. Exosomes differ compared to their donor cells, not only in size, but also in their RNA, protein and lipid composition.
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
- Gebert Persson, Sabine, et al.
(författare)
-
Public and private networks in tourism – : barriers to network identity construction and commitmen
- 2019
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionDestinations all over the world encompass a broad range of stakeholders who all aspire to increase the tourism industry to accomplish regional development. At these destinations, there are many different stakeholders, who have mutual interest in a specific region, and there are different attempts to promote cooperation for joint efforts to attract visitors. Moreover, there is an increasing drive for municipalities to influence the tourism business as part of their regional development (Tillväxtverket, 2017).However, the aforementioned development of destinations has proven to involve competing interests between local, national and international stakeholders. Although private enterprises, the municipalities and on-governmental organizations, and residents have a common, or at least partly overlapping, interest in the development of a specific destination, competing interests will occasionally occur (c.f. Elbe et al., 2018). For instance, private businesses, like small local entrepreneurs, could be in direct competition with national or international corporations, despite the fact that they may have much to gain from joint marketing efforts (c.f. investment in a common brand). Similarly, public1organizations have a shared interest in the development of the tourism industry to increase tax revenues and job creation. However, municipalities have a greater responsibility for communities and its residents.As in many other sectors, public and private interactions are common within the tourism industry due to an overall reduction in public sector funding (Valente et al., 2015). Relationships between public and private actors are also set up to conjointly pool resources, share risks in the process of building, maintaining and developing public services (Keränen, 2017). Interactions between public-private actors have been acknowledged as important since these relationships enable firms to influence decisions within areas such as the public sector, rules and actions that can affect how the firm is perceived as legitimate or not (Hadjikhani, Lee, & Ghauri, 2008; Jansson, Saqib, & Sharma, 1995) but also as ways to develop new and existing resources. However, research has shown that uncertainty tends to be rather high in these relationships and the roles that the actors play are consequently dynamic and unclear. This in turn also affects how the actors perceive the cooperation between public and private actors (Keränen, 2017) and their commitment to these types of networks (Elbe et al., 2018). The sought after commitment would be enhanced if a mutual identity could be constituted; still the identity is established from how the stakeholders perceive their roles and relations to each other. So how could the identity of public actors merge with the identity of private actors to establish a mutual and common identity?Despite the apparent advantage to create a network to coordinate mutual, or at least overlapping, interests, it has proven to entail a number of difficult issues of which some will be addressed below. The combination of private and public stakeholders in one organization may have implications for its role and commitments (c.f. Elbe et al. 2009; 2018) i.e. it could influence the perceived identity construction of its constituents. The combination of public and private interests in the same organization could create tension; one perspective could have precedence over the other. For instance, if a publicly funded organization considers it to be its mission to only enhance businesses, there are stakeholder who could be overlooked, such as permanent residents, community services, and other lines of industry. Although the established networks are intended to work towards common goals, there may still be implicit and ambiguous goals, roles and identity formations.2The organizing of public and private interests in order to transform a place and its characteristics into a destination has proven to be a complex process. More research is needed in order to bring further clarity into factors affecting these types of relationships in terms of activities and resources (de Araujo and Bramwell, 2002) as well as how this affects the actors. Although there is a growing scholarly interest in public-private relationships, additional knowledge is needed on how the processes of these types of cooperation evolve (de Araujo and Bramwell, 2002). This is especially so in the context of created networks where the network is constructed rather than emerging and where the aim is to foster and manage activities, resource interactions and actor bonds.This paper sets out to further the understanding of interaction processes where public and private actors attempt to find ways to cooperate on a common issue. This is done by analyzing how the identity of a created network, consisting of public and private actors, develops over time. This paper focuses on explaining how a created network develops over time and why it evolves in the way it does. The purpose is to identify possible barriers to identity construction in a created network consisting of public and private actors. This is done through a case taking its point of departure in the decision of a major infrastructural investment in a destination in Sweden: the building of a new cruise quay on Gotland.Created public-private cooperation – previous research.Interactions between public-private actors have been acknowledged as important since these relationships enable firms to influence decisions within different areas such as the public sector, rules and actions (Keränen, 2017; Elbe et al., 2018) but also as ways to develop new and existing resources. These co-operations are encouraged by governments in many countries as interactions can facilitate the discussions and decisions related to how different activities evolve and are coordinated as well as how public resources are distributed. Moral responsibility and a way to recover citizens’ trust for politicians’ abilities to deliver on electoral pledge when resources are scarce has been emphasized as a reason for cooperation between public and private actors (Velotti, Botti & Vesci, 2012). In a tourism context, private-public cooperation can also increase the competitive advantage of destinations (Kotler et al., 1993).Over the last decades, a growing number of designated organizations for the coordination of tourist actors have been established using the concept of: Destination Management Organizations, DMO (c.f. Elbe et al. 2009). According to UNWTO (2018), the DMO’s3role should, “be to lead and coordinate activities under a coherent strategy in pursuit of this common goal.” The argument in research, and in practice, has been that these destination organizations can manage marketing and coordinate different actors from varying sectors in the society. Through this, it is assumed that the destination through facilitation of interactions among local actors and creation of networks can stimulate economic growth (Elbe et al., 2018). Hence, specific organizations are politically created to facilitate regional development. In addition, DMOs are proposed as a coalition of many organizations and interest although in practice, these organizations have proven to be composed in different ways, with varying performance (Tillväxtverket 2017). In order to understand the accomplishment the sought-after coordination of diverse stakeholder interests, a network approach has been suggested that encompasses inter-organizational relations (Elbe et al. 2018). The proposed network approach could take into account relations between organizations, not only limited to intra-organizational management models that do not encompass all stakeholders.Despite the numerous potential advantages of public-private interactions, they can be time- consuming and difficult as the participants come from different sectors and with deviating interests. Therefore, actors can perceive a risk that their power and influence may decrease. This can also lead to a lack of trust between the actors (de Araujo & Bramwell, 2002).Tensions and paradoxesInteraction between business actors are built around an economic rational. An assumption is that without economic incentives, interactions between business actors in networks will not come about (Håkansson, 1982; Finke et al., 2017). Different types of resources such as financial resources (capital), physical resources (time, technologies, people) and informational resources (knowledge) are exchanged and combined in new and unique ways through the interactions. Resources are through inherently dynamic and can always be used in new combinations within one relationship or in other relationships (Baraldi et al., 2012). An important condition and a factor influencing the interaction processes are the norms and perceptions of what constitutes the rules of the game. Through the interactions new norms for exchange can form and influence the continuation of the exchange. Whether to engage in the cooperation or not will be affected by previous experiences and expectations as expressed by Mousas and Ford (2009, p. 497): “Recurrent episodes are affected by the perceptions of the participants of their previous interactions and by their expectations of the future.” These exchange relationships, constitute the context in which interaction4processes between actors takes place (Easton & Håkansson, 1996; Håkansson & Ford, 2002; Håkansson & Waluszewski, 2002, 2007; Ritter, 2000).In tourist destinations, many of the resources used to attract tourists are public and common goods. The question of who owns these common goods is not always clear. Beaches, lakes, museums, culture heritage buildings are all resources that can attract tourists but that are public. Exchange relationships and agreement on how these public resources are exploited becomes essential for the survival of those organizations involved in developing act
|
|
| 13. |
-
Grundvattendagarna 2013
- 2013
-
Proceedings (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- Den här rapporten innehåller en sammanställning av abstracts som ligger till underlag för de presentationer som presenterades på konferensen Grundvattendagarna i Lund den 16–17 oktober 2013. Konferensen anordnades av SGU i samarbete med Geologiska institutionen på Lunds uni-versitet och Länsstyrelsen Skåne. Ett av konferensens syften var att få till en bred uppslutning från olika organisationer, myndigheter, konsulter, universitet, etc., och att skapa goda förutsättningar för att överföra kunskap och knyta kontakter för framtida samarbeten. Totalt har inte mindre än 59 olika bidrag kommit in och omfattningen på innehållet är verkligen stort. Det har varit en ära att få anordna konferensen och vi är tacksamma för det stora intresse som ni visat.
|
|
| 14. |
- Johansson, Anna-Karin, 1974, et al.
(författare)
-
Allergen-induced traffic of bone marrow eosinophils, neutrophils and lymphocytes to airways
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Eur J Immunol. ; 34:11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We evaluated whether bone marrow (BM) inflammatory cells have capacity to traffic into the airways following allergen exposure in a mouse model of allergen-induced airway inflammation. We also evaluated the effect of IL-5 overexpression on (i) the production of eosinophils in BM, (ii) the accumulation of eosinophils, neutrophils and lymphocytes in blood and airways and (iii) the changes in CD34(+) cell numbers in BM, blood and airways. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was used to label cells produced during the exposure period. Furthermore, CD3 splenocytes were adoptively transferred to investigate the BM inflammatory response. Allergen exposure induced traffic of BM eosinophils, neutrophils and lymphocytes to the airways and increased the number of BrdU(+) eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes and CD34(+) cells in BALf. IL-5 overexpression enhanced the eosinophilopoiesis and increased the presence of BrdU(+) eosinophils and CD34(+) cells in airways and enhanced the number of CD34(+) cells in BM and blood after allergen exposure. Adoptive transfer of CD3 lymphocytes overexpressing IL-5 caused increased BM eosinophilia. In conclusion, allergen exposure induces traffic of not only newly produced eosinophils but also newly produced neutrophils and lymphocytes into the airways.
|
|
| 15. |
- Johansson, Anna-Karin, 1974, et al.
(författare)
-
Allergen stimulates bone marrow CD34
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Allergy. ; 59:10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The specific mechanisms that alter bone marrow (BM) eosinophilopoiesis in allergen-induced inflammation are poorly understood. The aims of this study were to evaluate (a) whether the number of BM CD34(+) cells is altered due to allergen sensitization and exposure in vivo and (b) whether BM CD34(+) cells produce and release interleukin (IL)-5, IL-3 and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) after stimulation in vitro. A mouse model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced airway inflammation was used. Bone marrow CD34(+) cells were cultured in vitro and the cytokine release was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The IL-5-production from CD34(+) cells was confirmed by immunocytochemistry. Airway allergen exposure increased the number of BM CD34(+) cells (P = 0.01). Bone marrow CD34(+) cells produced IL-5 when stimulated with the allergen OVA in vitro, but not IL-3 or GM-CSF. Nonspecific stimulus with calcium ionophore and phorbol-myristate-acetate of BM CD34(+) cells caused release of IL-5, IL-3 and GM-CSF. The induced release of IL-5 was increased in alum-injected vs naive mice (P = 0.02), but was not affected by allergen sensitization and exposure. The release of IL-3 and GM-CSF was increased after allergen sensitization and exposure (P < 0.02). In conclusion, allergen can stimulate BM CD34(+) cells to produce IL-5 protein. It is likely that the CD34(+) cells have autocrine functions and thereby regulate the early stages of BM eosinophilopoiesis induced by airway allergen exposure. Alum, a commonly used adjuvant, enhances the release of IL-5 and may thereby enhance eosinophilopoiesis.
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
- Lässer, Cecilia, 1981, et al.
(författare)
-
Human saliva, plasma and breast milk exosomes contain RNA: uptake by macrophages.
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Journal of Translational Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1479-5876. ; 9:9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Exosomes are 30-100 nm membrane vesicles of endocytic origin produced by numerous cells. They can mediate diverse biological functions, including antigen presentation. Exosomes have recently been shown to contain functional RNA, which can be delivered to other cells. Exosomes may thus mediate biological functions either by surface-to-surface interactions with cells, or by the delivery of functional RNA to cells. Our aim was therefore to determine the presence of RNA in exosomes from human saliva, plasma and breast milk and whether these exosomes can be taken up by macrophages. METHOD: Exosomes were purified from human saliva, plasma and breast milk using ultracentrifugation and filtration steps. Exosomes were detected by electron microscopy and examined by flow cytometry. Flow cytometry was performed by capturing the exosomes on anti-MHC class II coated beads, and further stain with anti-CD9, anti-CD63 or anti-CD81. Breast milk exosomes were further analysed for the presence of Hsc70, CD81 and calnexin by Western blot. Total RNA was detected with a Bioanalyzer and mRNA was identified by the synthesis of cDNA using an oligo (dT) primer and analysed with a Bioanalyzer. The uptake of PKH67-labelled saliva and breast milk exosomes by macrophages was examined by measuring fluorescence using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS: RNA was detected in exosomes from all three body fluids. A portion of the detected RNA in plasma exosomes was characterised as mRNA. Our result extends the characterisation of exosomes in healthy humans and confirms the presence of RNA in human saliva and plasma exosomes and reports for the first time the presence of RNA in breast milk exosomes. Our results also show that the saliva and breast milk exosomes can be taken up by human macrophages. CONCLUSIONS: Exosomes in saliva, plasma and breast milk all contain RNA, confirming previous findings that exosomes from several sources contain RNA. Furthermore, exosomes are readily taken up by macrophages, supporting the notion that exosomal RNA can be shuttled between cells.
|
|
| 18. |
- Lässer, Cecilia, 1981, et al.
(författare)
-
RNA-containing exosomes in human nasal secretions.
- 2011
-
Ingår i: American journal of rhinology & allergy. - : SAGE Publications. - 1945-8932 .- 1945-8924. ; 25:2, s. 89-93
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Exosomes are nanovesicles of endocytic origin released by cells and present in human body fluids such as plasma, breast milk, andbronchoalveolar lavage fluid. These vesicles take part in communication between cells. Recently, it was shown that exosomes contain both mRNA andmicroRNA. This RNA can be shuttled between cells (exosomal shuttle RNA), which is a new route of communication between cells. The aim of this study wasto determine whether nasal secretions harbor exosomes and furthermore, whether these exosomes contain RNA.METHODS: Human nasal lavage fluid (NLF) underwent centrifugation and filtration to discard cells and debris, followed by a final ultracentrifugation at 120,000 X g to pellet the exosomes. Exosomes were detected using electron microscopy (EM), flow cytometry, and Western blot. RNA was extracted and analyzed using a Bioanalyzer.RESULTS: Exosomes were visualized as 40-80 nm, CD63+ vesicles using EM. Flow cytometry of exosomes using anti-major histocompatibility complex classII beads revealed exosomes positive for the tetraspanins CD9, CD63, and CD81. Western blot confirmed the presence of exosomal protein and absence ofproteins from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), because the exosomes were positive for Tsg101, but negative for the ER marker, calnexin. Bioanalyzer analysis revealed that, these exosomes contain RNA.CONCLUSION: This study shows for the first time that NLF contains exosomes and that these exosomes contain RNA. Further characterization of the exosomalRNA and proteins may provide important information about communication in the nose and potentially provide a source of biomarkers for upper airwaydiseases.
|
|
| 19. |
- Merkel, Axel, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
-
Economics of shore power for non-liner shipping : socioeconomic appraisal under different access pricing
- 2022
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The provision of shore power to ships at berth is recognized as an effective measure to reduce the external costs of maritime transport. However, the deployment and uptake of shore power technology is subject to barriers, part of which have to do with insufficient economic incentives for providers and users. Regulatory proposals in the EU have targeted liner shipping segments to be covered by a shore power mandate. There is much less discussion and research focused on other segments of shipping, though these represent a significant share of at-berth emissions. This study uses maritime traffic data and a relatively simple modelling framework to analyse whether public investments in shore power deployment, coupled with added incentives to shipowners, could be socio-economically beneficial. The analysis is focused on maritime traffic in the Swedish port network, but the main findings can likely be generalized beyond this context. We find that investing in (or mandating) the provision of shore power in ports can be socio-economically beneficial also when aimed at segments typically classified as non-liner (or “tramp”). The results do not however indicate that network-wide deployment of shore power is justifiable, but rather that care must be taken to determine the cost-efficient size of the network as well as to design the network of shore power deployment in ports so as to reap benefits of network effects. We also find that the pricing of shore power access has a major impact on expected uptake and consequently on whether or not shore power investments yield benefits in proportion to costs. Crucially, we find that unregulated profit-maximizing pricing by ports leads to significant welfare losses by suppressing take-up among shipowners.
|
|
| 20. |
- Merkel, Axel, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
-
Economics of shore power under different access pricing
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Research in Transportation Economics. - : Elsevier. - 0739-8859 .- 1875-7979. ; 101
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Providing shore power to ships at berth is recognized as an effective measure to reduce external costs of maritime transport. However, shore power technology is subject to barriers, part of which relate to insufficient incentives for providers and users. Regulatory proposals in the EU have targeted liner shipping segments to be covered by a shore power mandate. There is much less research focused on non-liner segments of shipping, though these represent a significant share of at-berth emissions. This study uses a relatively simple modelling framework to analyze whether public investments in shore power deployment could be socio-economically beneficial. We find that investing in the provision of shore power in ports can be socio-economically beneficial also when aimed at bulk carriers, tankers and general cargo ships. We also find that the pricing of access affects expected uptake and consequently whether or not shore power investments yield benefits in proportion to costs.
|
|
| 21. |
|
|
| 22. |
- Rådinger, Madeleine, 1967, et al.
(författare)
-
Eotaxin-2 regulates newly produced and CD34 airway eosinophils after allergen exposure
- 2004
-
Ingår i: J Allergy Clin Immunol. ; 113:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: OBJECTIVE: METHODS: BALB/c mice sensitized and exposed to ovalbumin were pretreated intraperitoneally or intranasally with a neutralizing anti-eotaxin-1 and/or anti-eotaxin-2 antibody. A thymidine analogue, 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU), was used to mark newly produced cells. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), blood, and bone marrow were collected 24 hours after the final exposure. RESULTS: CONCLUSION:
|
|
| 23. |
- Rådinger, Madeleine, 1967, et al.
(författare)
-
Regulatory role of CD8+ T lymphocytes in bone marrow eosinophilopoiesis
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Respir Res. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1465-993X. ; 7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: There is a growing body of evidence to suggest that CD8+ T lymphocytes contribute to local allergen-induced eosinophilic inflammation. Since bone marrow (BM) responses are intricately involved in the induction of airway eosinophilia, we hypothesized that CD8+ T lymphocytes, as well as CD4+ T lymphocytes, may be involved in this process. METHODS: Several approaches were utilized. Firstly, mice overexpressing interleukin-5 (IL-5) in CD3+ T lymphocytes (NJ.1638; CD3IL-5+ mice) were bred with gene knockout mice lacking either CD4+ T lymphocytes (CD4-/-) or CD8+ T lymphocytes (CD8-/-) to produce CD3IL-5+ knockout mice deficient in CD4+ T lymphocytes (CD3IL-5+/CD4-/-) and CD8+ T lymphocytes (CD3IL-5+/CD8-/-), respectively. Secondly, CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes from naive CD3IL-5+ and C57BL/6 mice were adoptively transferred to immunodeficient SCID-bg mice to determine their effect on BM eosinophilia. Thirdly, CD3IL-5+, CD3IL-5+/CD8-/- and CD3IL-5+/CD4-/- mice were sensitized and allergen challenged. Bone marrow and blood samples were collected in all experiments. RESULTS: The number of BM eosinophils was significantly reduced in CD3IL-5+/CD8-/- mice compared to CD3IL-5+ mice and CD3IL-5+/CD4-/- mice. Serum IL-5 was significantly higher in CD3IL-5+/CD4-/- mice compared to CD3IL-5+ mice but there was no difference in serum IL-5 between CD3IL-5+/CD4-/- and CD3IL-5+/CD8-/- mice. Adoptive transfer of CD8+, but not CD4+ T lymphocytes from naive CD3IL-5+ and C57BL/6 mice restored BM eosinophilia in immunodeficient SCID-bg mice. Additionally, allergen challenged CD3IL-5+/CD8-/- mice developed lower numbers of BM eosinophils compared to CD3IL-5+ mice and CD3IL-5+/CD4-/- mice. CONCLUSION: This study shows that CD8+ T lymphocytes are intricately involved in the regulation of BM eosinophilopoiesis, both in non-sensitized as well as sensitized and allergen challenged mice.
|
|
| 24. |
- Sitkauskiene, Brigita, et al.
(författare)
-
Regulation of Bone Marrow and Airway CD34+ Eosinophils by Interleukin-5
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. ; 30:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a neutralizing anti-interleukin (IL)-5 monoclonal antibody (TRFK-5) on bone marrow and airway CD34(+) and immature eosinophils. A focus was to determine the effect of the timing of treatment. Balb/c mice were ovalbumin-sensitized and subsequently exposed to ovalbumin for 5-10 d via airway route. Animals were treated intraperitoneally with TRFK-5 or its isotype control (50 microg) once at different time points. Newly produced eosinophils were labeled using 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU). BrdU(+) and CD34(+) eosinophil numbers were examined by immunocytochemistry. TRFK-5 reduced bone marrow immature eosinophils within 3 d. This effect was closely related to a reduction of BrdU(+) and CD34(+) bone marrow eosinophils, and reduced numbers of blood eosinophils. However, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) eosinophilia was not attenuated to the same degree. The effect of TRFK-5 was most prominent in the extended allergen-exposure protocol, where the treatment was given in the middle of the exposure, with strongly reduced bone marrow CD34(+) and immature bone marrow eosinophils, blood eosinophils as well as BAL BrdU(+) eosinophils, and BAL CD34(+) eosinophils. These data argue that anti-IL-5 downregulates eosinophilopoiesis within 3 d by action in the bone marrow, by inhibition of the early stages of eosinophil maturation from CD34(+) cells.
|
|
| 25. |
- Sjöstrand, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Destination governance as meta-organising
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Enabling sustainable visits. - Visby : Uppsala University. - 9789150630145 ; , s. 147-171
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter examines the organising of a destination and the challenges of enabling sustainable visits. The purpose of the chapter is to discuss the prerequisites of an assigned DMO so as to take on the responsibility of ena-bling a sustainable destination by applying the concept of meta organisa-tion. The recommendations by the UNWTO for how destinations should be governed, and its strategic view, are discussed and an alternative view of meta-organisations is presented. Through a case study of a destination, the challenges of organising and managing a destination with multiple and heterogeneous organisations are illustrated. Based on the discussion on organising, the chapter contributes by elaborating on factors enabling sustainable visits.
|
|
| 26. |
- Sjöstrand, Henrik, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
-
Utbyggnad av landström för trampsjöfarten : Kostnader och nyttor vid olika former av prissättning
- 2023
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- När fartyg ligger vid kaj används oftast fossildrivna motorer ombord för att förse fartyget med energi. Genom ny EU-lagstiftning kommer det 2030 att vara obligatoriskt för vissa hamnar och fartyg att erbjuda respektive använda elektricitet från land, så kallad landström, för att täcka detta energibehov. Dessa krav gäller inte den så kallade trampsjöfarten, alltså den sjöfart som saknar särskilda tidtabeller och förutbestämda rutter, och som är i fokus i denna studie. I detta projekt studeras potentialen för användning av landström inom bulk-, tank- och torrlastsegmenten genom att identifiera det samhällsekonomiskt optimala antalet hamnar med landström för dessa fartygssegment. Modellerade utfall jämförs för vinstmaximerande respektive välfärdsmaximerande prissättning av landström, och det visar sig att prissättningen är avgörande för om de möjliga samhällsekonomiska nettonyttorna realiseras.Vid en välfärdsmaximerande prissättning, där minskade externa kostnader för utsläpp av koldioxid och luftföroreningar räknas in i prissättningen, kan nettonyttor åstadkommas genom en begränsad utbyggnad av landström i ett antal nyckelhamnar. Vi visar hur en sådan prissättning i praktiken ofta innebär ett negativt pris på landström för rederierna, något som kan åstadkommas med subventioner. Vid en vinstmaximerande prissättning, där priset på landström sätts så att hela det eventuella ekonomiska överskott som skapas tillfaller hamnen, blir den totala nettonyttan lägre. Styrmedel för ökad utbyggnad och användning av landström för trampsjöfarten behöver alltså adressera rederiernas och hamnarnas lönsamhet, och bör inriktas mot prissättningen av elen i hamnen. Alternativet är att internalisera de konventionella bränslenas externa kostnader, och på så vis göra landström relativt sett mer lönsamt.
|
|
| 27. |
- Sjöstrand, Karin, et al.
(författare)
-
Breed Differences in Natriuretic Peptides in Healthy Dogs
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0891-6640 .- 1939-1676. ; 28:2, s. 451-457
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Measurement of plasma concentration of natriuretic peptides (NPs) is suggested to be of value in diagnosis of cardiac disease in dogs, but many factors other than cardiac status may influence their concentrations. Dog breed potentially is 1 such factor. Objective To investigate breed variation in plasma concentrations of pro-atrial natriuretic peptide 31-67 (proANP 31-67) and N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in healthy dogs. Animals 535 healthy, privately owned dogs of 9 breeds were examined at 5 centers as part of the European Union (EU) LUPA project. Methods Absence of cardiovascular disease or other clinically relevant organ-related or systemic disease was ensured by thorough clinical investigation. Plasma concentrations of proANP 31-67 and NT-proBNP were measured by commercially available ELISA assays. Results Overall significant breed differences were found in proANP 31-67 (P<.0001) and NT-proBNP (P<.0001) concentrations. Pair-wise comparisons between breeds differed in approximately 50% of comparisons for proANP 31-67 as well as NT-proBNP concentrations, both when including all centers and within each center. Interquartile range was large for many breeds, especially for NT-proBNP. Among included breeds, Labrador Retrievers and Newfoundlands had highest median NT-proBNP concentrations with concentrations 3 times as high as those of Dachshunds. German Shepherds and Cavalier King Charles Spaniels had the highest median proANP 31-67 concentrations, twice the median concentration in Doberman Pinschers. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Considerable interbreed variation in plasma NP concentrations was found in healthy dogs. Intrabreed variation was large in several breeds, especially for NT-proBNP. Additional studies are needed to establish breed-specific reference ranges.
|
|
| 28. |
- Sjöstrand, Karin, et al.
(författare)
-
Combining cost benefit analysis with multi criteria analysis for sustainability assessment of regional water supply policies
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Society For Risk Analysis Annual Meeting 2016.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The provision of safe drinking water is of primary importance in society and a prerequisite for public health and economic development. This provision is however threatened by a variety of risks due to e.g. climate change and societal development. To manage these risks the water utilities are facing complex decision situations. Today, decisions on costly investments are being made with limited knowledge of which choices are the most sustainable. In order to achieve a safe and sustainable water supply, a regional perspective on the environmental, social and economic effects of the decisions is increasingly promoted in Sweden. There are, however, few decision support tools adapted to the regional level. Hence, this study focuses on the development of a decision support framework for assessing the sustainability of risk reducing measures by adapting Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) and Multi Criteria Analysis (MCA) to a regional perspective. The Gothenburg region serves as a case study for which five measures are evaluated: (1) centralization of water supply production; (2) centralization of water supply organization; (3) shift of the main raw water source (4) maximization of groundwater usage; and (5) use of additional raw water sources. All measures aim to enhance safety by reducing risks. Uncertainties concerning the net present values are analyzed using statistical simulation (Monte Carlo). The CBA results are complemented with environmental and social effects in an MCA, including criteria such as intrinsic values, equity and health. The case study results are then used to design a decision support framework that allows for non-market valuations and economic and ecological tradeoffs under uncertainty, a novelty on the regional scale. In conclusion, it is expected that the results of this study will provide decision makers with a framework that can improve their ability to make well-informed decisions and ensure the society a safe water supply for generations to come.
|
|
| 29. |
- Sjöstrand, Karin, 1975, et al.
(författare)
-
Cost-Benefit Analysis for Supporting Intermunicipal Decisions on Drinking Water Supply
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management - ASCE. - 0733-9496 .- 1943-5452. ; 145:12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several countries promote a regionalization of the drinking water sector; however, few decision support tools are adapted to the intermunicipal level to aid in regional decisions. The aim of this paper is to describe and demonstrate a probabilistic cost-benefit analysis approach to assess the societal effects of regional water supply interventions to constitute support for decision makers. A special focus is given to the quantification of effects on consumers’ health, water supply reliability, and operation and maintenance costs. The uncertainties of the quantified values are represented by probability distribution functions and analyzed by means of Monte Carlo simulations. The proposed approach was demonstrated in the Göteborg region in Sweden, for which five alternative interventions were evaluated. In conclusion, the proposed approach facilitates the identification and prioritization of societal effects so that costs and benefits normally overlooked in evaluation processes can be explicitly considered and addressed. The paper provides a transparent handling of uncertainties and enables a structured approach to improve decision makers’ ability in making informed choices on regional water supply alternatives.
|
|
| 30. |
- Sjöstrand, Karin, et al.
(författare)
-
Decision-support for a sustainable regional water supply management
- 2016
-
Ingår i: The 10th Nordic Drinking Water Conference.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The provision of a safe drinking water is of primary importance in society and a prerequisite for public health and economic development. In order to secure a long-term, safe and reliable supply of drinking water, and to ensure a comprehensive and integrated water planning, the development of regional water supply plans is increasingly requested in Sweden. To implement the plans, the water utilities, regional planners and politicians need to make several complex decisions and prioritize between multifaceted strategic measures. There are, however, very few decision support tools adapted for water supply management on the regional level to aid the decision makers. In order to achieve a sustainable drinking water supply, socio-economic effects need to be carefully considered. Hence, this study focuses on the development of a decision support framework for assessing socioeconomic effects of strategic decisions and alternative water supply measures by adapting costbenefit analysis (CBA) and economic valuation techniques to a long-term and regional perspective. The Gothenburg region, with its newly presented regional water supply plan, serves as a case study for which five alternative measures are evaluated: (1) centralization of water supply production; (2) centralization of water supply organization; (3) shift of the main raw water intake from the river Göta älv, a raw water source exposed to a high contamination risk, to the cleaner water of lake Vänern; (4) maximization of groundwater usage; and (5) increased number of raw water resources. The effects of each alternative are identified through literature reviews, stakeholder workshops and dialogues with experts and policy makers. To assess the non-market costs and benefits of the alternative strategies, the benefit transfer method is used for adapting estimates from national and international valuation studies to the Gothenburg region. The monetized costs and benefits are then used to set up a longrun CBA to identify the best strategy from a social welfare perspective. The net present values (NPVs) of the alternative measures are estimated for three different discount rates (constant rates of 1.4 % and 3.5 % as well as a declining discount rate) and two different time periods (ranging to 2050 and 2100). Uncertainties concerning the NPVs are analyzed by means of statistical simulation (Monte Carlo), accounting for uncertainties in input data. For the Gothenburg region, the results show the effect of the various strategies and give a direct guidance on which measures are most favorable from a cost-benefit perspective. The case study results are then used to design a general decision support framework that allows for non-market valuations and economic and ecological tradeoffs under uncertainty, a novelty on the regional scale. In conclusion, it is expected that the results of this study will provide decision makers and regional planners with a framework of tools to improve their ability to make well-informed decisions and to ensure the society a safe and reliable water supply for generations to come.
|
|
| 31. |
|
|
| 32. |
- Sjöstrand, Karin, 1975
(författare)
-
Decision support for sustainable water security
- 2020
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Society’s large dependence on water, in combination with climate, socio-economic and demographic changes, places a massive pressure on our freshwater resources. As a result, water crisis, defined as a significant decline in the available quality and quantity of freshwater, is now considered to be among the most critical global risks to society. The overall aim of this thesis is to increase the understanding of how decision support methods based on risk, cost-benefit and multi-criteria decision analyses can be used to facilitate our collective action towards water security. In the thesis, a sustainability assessment model is presented which can rank alternative drinking water options from the most preferred to the least preferred within each of the social, environmental and economic sustainability domains and with regards to all domains. The thesis further presents a marginal abatement cost curve to provide a common starting point for cross-sectoral dialogue on water scarcity mitigation. It enables a comparison of the cost-effectiveness of alternative mitigation measures, providing guidance for businesses, households, farmers and water utilities. Furthermore, a scenario-based risk assessment approach is presented to enable a comprehensive view on risk when evaluating water supply systems and risk reduction options. The approach allows for thorough analyses of economic losses under a range of water supply disruption scenarios, facilitating prioritizations on measures that aim to reduce the overall risk rather than individual risks. The provided methods are all exemplified in Swedish case studies, demonstrating different ways of evaluating and comparing management responses to the water-related challenges we face. In conclusion, the methods can help us strengthen the ongoing discussions regarding challenges and opportunities while providing structure and transparency to decision-making, and by that contribute to an enhanced water security.
|
|
| 33. |
- Sjöstrand, Karin, 1975
(författare)
-
Decision Support Model for a Sustainable Regional Water Supply
- 2018
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Water supply provision has traditionally been a municipal responsibility. However, environmental, social and economic drivers are now making it more attractive to manage the water services in a more aggregated way. Yet, even though municipalities have cooperated to improve their water supply provision for decades, the topic is fairly under-researched and advantages and disadvantages not fully understood. Further, decisions regarding drinking water cooperation and other regional interventions are often made without a proper method of balancing, for example, the economic, health and environmental effects thereof. This thesis presents a decision support model to aid in regional water supply decision-making. The model is based on a combination of cost-benefit analysis and multi-criteria decision analysis for sustainability assessments of regional water supply interventions, including formations of inter-municipal cooperations. The proposed model integrates quantitative and semi-quantitative information on sustainability criteria, and it provides a novel way of presenting monetized benefits and costs with non-monetized social and environmental effects of regional water supply alternatives. The decision support model is based on a probabilistic approach where uncertainties are represented by statistical probability distributions and modeled by means of Monte Carlo simulations. A case study is used to exemplify and evaluate model application in decision situations regarding regionalization of water governance, (de)centralization of water production, and source water quality and redundancy aspects. The proposed model can be used by decision-makers to develop coherent preferences within economic, environmental and social sustainability so that decisions on regional water supply interventions can be taken with a higher degree of confidence. The results of the thesis contribute to a decision support toolbox needed to make proper evaluations and informed decisions in order to achieve long term sustainable water supply solutions.
|
|
| 34. |
|
|
| 35. |
- Sjöstrand, Karin, 1975, et al.
(författare)
-
Input data report for economic assessments of water supply interventions in the Göteborg region
- 2018
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report is part of a research project funded by the Swedish Research Council Formas with support from RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, The Göteborg Region Association of Local Authorities (GR) and the City of Göteborg. The study was performed at the centre for drinking water research (DRICKS). The research project aims to develop a decision support model for sustainability assessments of regional water supply interventions and cooperations based on a combination of multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) and cost-benefit analysis (CBA). This report focuses on the CBA part of the model. In the process of developing the model, five alternative water supply interventions for the Göteborg region were evaluated. By applying the decision model to alternatives focusing on establishing inter-municipal organizations, (de)centralization of water production, as well as source water quality and redundancy aspects, the model was tested for some common decision situations in the water supply sector. The application in the Göteborg region was a way to develop the model, and at the same time demonstrate and evaluate its feasibility. This report presents input parameters of the CBA for the alternative interventions. For the Göteborg region, it was found that the alternative which comprised a regionalized governance and maintained semi-decentralized production had the highest probability of being the most profitable solution, whereas the alternative which comprised maintained governance with additional source waters and treatment plants had the second highest probability of being the best solution.
|
|
| 36. |
- Sjöstrand, Karin, 1975, et al.
(författare)
-
Marginal Abatement Cost Curves for Water Scarcity Mitigation under Uncertainty
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Water Resources Management. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0920-4741 .- 1573-1650. ; 33:12, s. 4335-4349
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As water scarcity and drought become more common, planning to avoid their consequences becomes crucial. Measures to prevent the impact of new climate conditions are expected to be extensive, costly and associated with major uncertainties. It is therefore necessary that policymakers and practitioners in both the public and private sector can compare possible mitigation measures in order to make economically rational investment decisions. For this to be successful, decision-makers need relevant decision support. This paper presents a novel approach of constructing marginal abatement cost curves for comparing water scarcity mitigation measures while taking the underlying uncertainties into account. Uncertainties in input variables are represented by probability distributions and calculations are performed using Monte Carlo simulations. This approach is applied on the island of Gotland, one of the most water-stressed parts of Sweden, to provide the first marginal abatement cost curve in Europe for water scarcity mitigation in which municipal, agricultural, industrial and household measures are compared. The results show that the agricultural measure of on-farm storage has the greatest potential to increase water availability on the island. Among municipal measures, increased groundwater extraction and desalination offer the greatest potential, although desalination is almost 25 times more costly per cubic meter. The most cost-effective measure is linked to hot water savings in the hotel industry. The approach presented provides a quantitative visualization of the financial trade-offs and uncertainties implied by different mitigation measures. It provides critical economic insights for all parties concerned and is thus an important basis for decision-making.
|
|
| 37. |
|
|
| 38. |
- Sjöstrand, Karin, 1975, et al.
(författare)
-
När vattentillgången brister
- 2019
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Access to good quality water in sufficient quantity is essential for people’s everyday life and for most businesses and economic sectors. However, water scarcity and drought are emerging as some of the most important global risks to society with both short-term and long-term effects on people, ecosystem services, biodiversity and the economic activities that depend on a reliable water supply. This is a global problem, and Sweden is not spared. The low precipitation and high summer temperatures that hit Sweden for three consecutive years between 2016 and 2018, caused a vastly reduced access to water and led to major consequences for the Swedish society. In most Swedish regions, however, there is usually more than enough water to meet the growing needs of society and at the same time maintain a good environmental status even during drought. But to ensure a long-term sustainable water supply, all parties, i.e. households, water-dependent businesses and authorities, need to take measures. Drought and water scarcity are challenges that do not only affect, or can be solved by, the municipal drinking water supply. Each and everyone who uses and is dependent on water, regardless of whether the water is supplied through public or private systems, is part of the problem and should therefore also be part of the solutions. This report provides information and material to help companies contribute to a better water situation in areas with low water availability. The report describes the water usage and water availability in Sweden today and how they are expected to change in the future. Incentives and driving forces for water savings are described as well as methods for identifying inefficient water usage and improvement measures. A review of studies from various countries provides information on challenges as well as good examples of water scarcity mitigation measures in various economic sectors. Examples of decision support methods that can be used to evaluate and prioritize between alternative measures are also described. Finally, potential implementation barriers are discussed and examples of policy instruments which can facilitate implementation of beneficial measures are given.
|
|
| 39. |
|
|
| 40. |
- Sjöstrand, Karin, 1975
(författare)
-
Sustainability and Water Supply Governance - A Literature Review on Regional Water Governance, Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis, Cost-Benefit Analysis and Sustainability Assessments
- 2017
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This literature review is part of a PhD project funded by the Swedish Research Council Formas with support from RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, the Gothenburg Region and the City of Gothenburg, performed within the centre for drinking water research (DRICKS). The research project aims to develop a decision support model for sustainability assessments of regional water supply interventions and cooperations. The decision support model is planned to be performed through a combination of multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) and cost-benefit analysis (CBA). In the process of developing the model, national and international studies on regional water governance, as well as on applications of MCDA, CBA, sustainability assessments, sustainability criteria and economic valuation techniques within water supply management were reviewed.The MCDA approach is often used for complex decision problems with large amount of information and when several, possibly contradicting, views needs to be considered in a coherent way. It can, for example, be used to rank alternative interventions, find the unacceptable alternatives, and identify alternatives that need more detailed assessments. MCDA provides a means for integrating quantitative, semi-quantitative and qualitative information concerning alternative interventions. It allows for comparison between objectives and can be used for integrating social, economic and environmental analyses into comprehensive sustainability assessments.CBA can be used to measure the economic profitability of alternative interventions. The method relies on the anthropocentric foundation of welfare economics in which benefits are defined as increases in human wellbeing and costs are defined as reductions in human wellbeing. Welfare economics is based on the assumptions that each individual is the best judge of his or her wellbeing at a given situation. Individuals’ wellbeing depends on market goods and services as well as non-market goods and services, such as health and environmental quality. An intervention is considered economically profitable when its total benefits are larger than its total costs.Both MCDA and CBA have been used in several applications in the water sector and numerous evaluation criteria have been proposed to assess the sustainability of alternative interventions. This review: (1) gives an overview on literature on regional cooperation in the water sector; (2) provides a general description of the decision-support techniques MCDA and CBA; and (3) presents an overview of applications of sustainability assessments and the use of MCDA and CBA as decision- support in the water sector.
|
|
| 41. |
- Sjöstrand, Karin, 1975, et al.
(författare)
-
Sustainability assessments of regional water supply interventions – Combining cost-benefit and multi-criteria decision analyses
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 225, s. 313-324
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To cope with present and future challenges, a growing number of water utilities in Sweden, Europe and elsewhere initiate various forms of inter-municipal cooperations creating a new regional level of drinking water governance. In order to reach viable decisions of alternative ways forward, there is an international consensus that sustainability needs to be addressed in water supply planning, design and decision-making. There are, however, few decision aids focusing on assessing the sustainability of inter-municipal cooperations and the inter-municipal policies and interventions that regional decision-makers are faced with. This paper presents a decision support model based on a combination of cost-benefit analysis and multi-criteria decision analysis for assessing the sustainability of regional water supply interventions, including formations of inter-municipal cooperations. The proposed decision support model integrates quantitative and semi-quantitative information on sustainability criteria. It provides a novel way of presenting monetized benefits and costs, capturing utilitarian aspects of alternative interventions, with non-monetized social and environmental effects, capturing aspects based in the deontological theories of moral ethics. The model is based on a probabilistic approach where uncertainties are defined by statistical probability distributions. A case study is used to exemplify and evaluate model application in decision situations regarding regionalization, (de)centralization, source water quality and redundancy. All evaluated alternatives were expected to contribute to a slightly improved social sustainability, whereas the results were more varying in the economic and environmental domains. A structured and transparent treatment of uncertainties facilitates a better understanding of the results as well as communication between decision-makers, stakeholders and the community.
|
|
| 42. |
|
|
| 43. |
- Sjöstrand, Karin, et al.
(författare)
-
The value of water—estimating water-disruption impacts on businesses
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Water. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4441. ; 13:11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As water serves as a necessary and often irreplaceable input in a range of goods and services, a disruption in water supply can cause lost production and sales for businesses. Thus, large benefits may be generated by reducing the risk of water disruptions. To enable selection of economically viable risk mitigation measures, the investment costs should be weighed against the benefits of risk mitigation. Consequently, quantitative estimates of the consequences of disruptions need to be available. However, despite the importance of water to businesses, the literature on their financial losses due to short and long-term water disruptions is still scarce. The aim of this paper is to estimate time-dependent water supply resiliency factors for economic sectors, i.e., a metric focusing on the level of output that businesses can uphold during a disruption, to contribute to better decision support for water supply planning and risk management. An online survey was used to gather data from 1405 companies in Sweden on consequences of complete and unplanned water supply outages. Results show that Food and beverage Manufacturing and Accommodation and food services are the two most severely affected sectors over all analyzed disruption durations. © 2021 by the authors
|
|
| 44. |
- Sjöstrand, Karin, et al.
(författare)
-
Värdet av vattenförsörjning. En studie av hur svenska företag påverkas ekonomiskt vid avbrott i vattenförsörjningen
- 2021
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Hur påverkas företag i olika branscher vid avbrott i vattenförsörjningen? Projektet har samlat in information från drygt 1 400 svenska företag. Baserat på enkätsvaren har resiliensfaktorer beräknats för 35 olika näringsgrenar. Faktorerna ger ett mått på hur stor andel av företagens verksamhet som kan upprätthållas vid avbrott. De kan användas exempelvis för att beräkna avbrottsrisker och uppskatta nyttor av riskreducerande åtgärder. De ger också underlag för fördjupad dialog mellan dricksvattenproducenter och företag.
|
|
| 45. |
- Sjöstrand, Karin, et al.
(författare)
-
Water supply delivery failures-a scenario-based approach to assess economic losses and risk reduction options
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Water. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4441. ; 12:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Access to a reliable water supply is central for a well-functioning society. However, water supply systems are subject to a wide range of threats which may affect their ability to provide water to society. This paper presents a novel risk assessment approach that enables thorough analyses of economic losses and associated uncertainties under a range of water supply disruption scenarios. The purpose is to avoid sub-optimization when prioritizing between risk reduction measures, by integrating the full range of possible outcomes from low to high probability events. By combining risk analysis with cost-benefit analysis, additional information is provided on measures for leveraging investments in managing and reducing the risks. This enables the identification of the most economically profitable risk reduction alternatives and enables decision makers to build strategic capacity for operating in difficult and uncertain futures. The presented approach is exemplified on the island of Gotland, one of the most water scarce areas of Sweden. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
|
|
| 46. |
- Sjöstrand, Karin, 1975, et al.
(författare)
-
Water supply delivery failures-a scenario-based approach to assess economic losses and risk reduction options
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Water (Switzerland). - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4441 .- 2073-4441. ; 12:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Access to a reliable water supply is central for a well-functioning society. However, water supply systems are subject to a wide range of threats which may affect their ability to provide water to society. This paper presents a novel risk assessment approach that enables thorough analyses of economic losses and associated uncertainties under a range of water supply disruption scenarios. The purpose is to avoid sub-optimization when prioritizing between risk reduction measures, by integrating the full range of possible outcomes from low to high probability events. By combining risk analysis with cost-benefit analysis, additional information is provided on measures for leveraging investments in managing and reducing the risks. This enables the identification of the most economically profitable risk reduction alternatives and enables decision makers to build strategic capacity for operating in difficult and uncertain futures. The presented approach is exemplified on the island of Gotland, one of the most water scarce areas of Sweden.
|
|
| 47. |
- Sparrenbom, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
-
Kommunernas avloppshantering bara liten del av problemet
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Dagens Nyheter. - 1101-2447.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Slutreplik. Per-Åke Sahlberg skriver engagerat om att det finns mer än jordbruk som påverkar vattenkvalitet. Han har helt rätt. Eftersom vatten ständigt är i rörelse och helt gränsöverskridande kommer alla aktiviteter som sker att påverka vattenkvaliteten – såväl antropogena som naturliga. Men prioriteringar av var insatserna måste ske görs sällan. Att påstå att avloppshanteringen är det största problemet är att förenkla och snedvrida bilden av vad som påverkar vår dricksvattenkvalitet, skriver en grupp forskare och experter.
|
|
| 48. |
- Sparrenbom, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
-
Sverige måste bli bättre på att kontrollera dricksvattnet
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Dagens Nyheter. - 1101-2447.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Styvmoderligt behandlat område. Undersökningar visar att vart tredje svenskt grundvattenprov är förorenat av växtskyddsmedel. Ändå övervakas bara fjorton procent av de svenska grundvattenförekomsterna. Sverige måste agera nu för att få kontroll över situationen, skriver nio forskare och experter.
|
|
| 49. |
- Sundelin, Karin, et al.
(författare)
-
Posterior capsule opacification 5 years after extracapsular cataract extraction
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Journal of cataract and refractive surgery. - 0886-3350. ; 25:2, s. 246-250
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To find out whether there is a "hidden" group of patients with posterior capsule opacification (PCO) 5 years after cataract surgery and to establish the incidence of PCO. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. METHODS: A random sample (n = 164) was selected among patients who had extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) with intraocular lens implantation in 1991 (N = 1672). All surgically treated cases that required neodymium:YAG (Nd:YAG) laser capsulotomy (n = 37) within the first 5 years after surgery were recorded. Patients still alive 5 years after surgery who had not had Nd:YAG treatment were offered an eye examination to determine whether PCO requiring capsulotomy existed. RESULTS: Thirty-seven of 110 patients (34%) alive 5 years after surgery had an Nd:YAG capsulotomy during the first 5 postoperative years. Follow-up was possible in 51 of 73 untreated patients (70%). Clinically significant PCO according to specified criteria was found in 7 cases (14%). Half of them would benefit from treatment; the other half had visual impairment from other eye disease. CONCLUSIONS: The estimated incidence of PCO 5 years after ECCE was 43%. Five years after surgery, there was an untreated group with clinically significant PCO, approximately 9% of the surgically treated population. This hidden group must be considered in PCO studies.
|
|
| 50. |
- Sundelin, Karin, et al.
(författare)
-
Posterior capsule opacification with AcrySof and poly(methyl methacrylate) intraocular lenses. Comparative study with a 3-year follow-up
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Journal of cataract and refractive surgery. - 0886-3350. ; 27:10, s. 1586-1590
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To evaluate whether reports of reduced posterior capsule opacification (PCO) rates with AcrySof intraocular lenses (IOLs) are applicable to a mixed group of cataract patients in everyday surgical practice. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Kärnsjukhuset, Skövde, Sweden. METHODS: A retrospective study comparing a study group receiving an AcrySof IOL (n = 145) and a group receiving a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) IOL (n = 153) was performed. The follow-up was 3 years in both groups. The performance of a neodymium:YAG laser capsulotomy was used as the end point for clinically significant PCO. RESULTS: Nine capsulotomies (6.2%) were performed in the AcrySof group and 34 (22.2%) in the PMMA group. The difference in the capsulotomy rate between the 2 groups was highly significant (P <.001). The relative risk was 3.6 times higher in the PMMA group. CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant difference in the frequency of capsulotomy between AcrySof and PMMA IOLs in a mixed group of cataract patients in everyday clinical practice. This finding indicates the importance of the IOL type in PCO formation.
|
|
